US622219A - gobbe - Google Patents

Description

. Patented Apr. 4, I899. E. GOBBE.

CONTINUOUS KILN FOR BAKING POTTERY OR BURNING CEMENT.

(Application filed Dec. 23, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

Invent or Witnesses n4: norms Pawns ca, vuoroumu. WASNINGTON, D. c.

Patented Apr. 4 I899;

E. GOBBE.

CONTINUOUS KILN FOR BAKING POTTERY OB BURNING CEMENT.

(Application filed Dcc. 98, 1897.)

4 $haots-$heet 2 (No Model.)

Inventor Witnesses THE NORRIS PETEfiS cu. mom-unwed wuumorow, o c

N0. 622,2I9- Patented Apr. 4, I899. E. GOBBE. CONTINUOUS KILN FOR BAKING POTTERY 0R BURNING CEMENT.

(Application filed Dec. 23, 1897.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

Invent OP Witne sses m: "cams PETERS co. PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON. o. c.

No. 622,219. Patented Apr. 4, I899.

E. GUBBE'. CONTINUOUS KILN FOB BAKING, POTTERY 0R BURNING CEMENT;

(Applieation'flled Dec. 23, 1897.)

(No Ilodel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Wltne sses H Inventor m5 Nonms PETERS co. PHoTo-uwmwAsHlmroN. u. c.

Nrrnn STATE-S PATENT OFFICE.

.EMILE GOBBE, on J UMET, BELGIUM."

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 622,219, dated April 4, 1899.

- Application filed December 23, 1897, Serial No. 663,220. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EMILE GOBBE, a subject of His Majesty the King of Belgium, residing at J umet, Belgium, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Continuous Kilns for Baking Pottery or Burning Cement, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to kilns for baking pottery or burning cement, my purpose being to provide a continuous kiln in which the several steps of the process can be carried on in sequence from one chamber to another with an economy of time and labor.

It is my aim also to provide a construction by which perfect combustion maybe obtained in the baking-chambers without admitting an injurious excess of cold air and without bringing solid fuel into contact with the articles stacked in the kiln-chambers, which is liable to cause adhesion of' ashes and partly-consumed fuel to such articles.

I aim also to provide means whereby a high temperature can be obtained with a marked economy in the expenditure of fuel and'to provide a continuous kiln having a double series of chambers which may be brought into communication either in series or in parallel, or, in other words, from one chamber to another in the same series, or from a chamber in one series to another chamber in the'adjacent series, any one or more of said chambers being capable of isolation from all the rest or of being placed in communication with any one or more of the other chambers.

To explain my said invention, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, in which-=- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a kiln'construced in accordance with my invention, the section being taken along-the lines P Q, F F, G G, H H, I I, and J J, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same upon the lines N O, K L, I M, A A, B B, O C, D D, and E E of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section of the kiln upon the line R R S S of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar section on the line T T inFig. 2. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the lines U U V V in The kiln consists of a battery of any number of cl1ambers-for example, twelvearranged in two parallel series, with six chambers in each. I have designated these chambers by marking them successively No. 1, No. 2, 850., up to and including No. 6 in the first series and from Nos. 7 to 12 in the adjacent series, No. 7 being adjacent to No. 6, No. 8 to No. 5, &c., up to the last chamber No. 12, which is opposite N o. 1. The chambers in the same series, or Nos. 1 to 6, communicate with one another throughflues 1, formed in the walls separating them, each set of theseflues having openings 16 into the upper portion of the next succeeding chamber, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3. The flues 1 have communication through. openings 11in the floor of each chamber With subways 12 beneath the floor, the latter being supported upon parallel walls 12, which inclose said subways, these being shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and 3, so that theheated air and prod nets of combustion from the bottom of each chamber can pass to the top of the adjoining chamber.

-Oombustible gas is generated in gas-producers 2 of any suitable type, from which it flows into collectors 3 and then to vertical columns 4 and 5, one for each series of kilnchambers. The gas-producers are practically shown by a conventional illustration only, as their form is so well understood as to require no special explanation. The vertical col umns 4 and 5 communicate with horizontal passages 6 and 7, respectively, Figs. 1 and 3. The passage 6 communicates with the 0113.111 bers Nos. 1 to 6 through transverse gas-conduits 9, which have openings 10 into the up per part of each chamber. The admission of gas into any one or more of the chambers may be prevented by closing dampers 8 in the horizontal passages 6 and 7. Any two of the chambers in the two adjacent series may be thrown into or cut oil? from communication by dampers 19, arranged in a hot-air-collecting conduit 18, which runs centrally the whole length of the kiln and has communication with the flues 9 on opposite sides of the dividing longitudinal wall. Transverse channels 17 are formed beneath the lower ends of the fines 1 and provided with long iron dampers 17, capable of sliding, so as to open or close said flues, thereby cutting any one of the chambers off from the succeeding chamber in the same series. lt.will be noted in Fig. 1 that the course of theproducts of combustion and heated air is downward through the floor-openings ll into the passages 12, thence into does 1, and through openings 10 into the top of the next chamber, this course being repeated throughout,provided the dampers 17" are all opened. If the latter are closed, one or more, the passages 12 have connection with transverse culverts 13, which communicate with longitudinal fume-collecting conduits 15 through openings that can be closed by dampers 11.

As the products of combustion are generally charged with more or less watery vapor, which, if condensed upon the cold and moist articles stacked in the chambers, might soften them so greatly that they would fail to retain their form, it is desirable that a proper quantity of air, heated by its passage between the baked articles in other chambers, be first admitted to the chamber or chambers that have been charged last. To make the economical operation clearly understood and to follow the order of procedure, I will here de-.

scribe the several steps in their order.

Let it be supposed that the chamber designated No. 10 has been discharged or emptied of its contents, while the preceding chamher No. 9 has a charge. To separate these two chambers from the others, the long iron damper 17 beneath the wall which separates chamber No. S from No. 9 is closed, the remaining dampers of the same kind being left open. The fume-damper 14, which connects the culvert 13 beneath chamber No. 8 with the fume-collector 15, is also closed, the other dampers ll being left open. The gasdamper 8, which admits gas to chamber No. 4 011 the opposite side of the wall from No. 9, is opened, the other dampers 8 being closed, as it is desirable to concentrate the temperature for baking the articles in chamber No. 4 at this stage. Finally the dampers 19, which give communication to chambers Nos. 12 and S, are left open, the others being closed. The cold air from the exterior now en-.

ters chamber No. 10, which is empty, through an opening 20, which is closed by a door 20 (see Fig. 1) when the chamber has a charge, and, passing down through openings 11 in the floor, enters the fiues 1 and passes into the top of chamber No. 11, which is filled with baked articles. By flowing through the spaces between these articles the air acquires a-certain degree of heat, and thence it passes to chamber No. 12, where it divides into two parts or volumes. One part passes through the openings 10 into the flue 9 and thence through the open damper 19, which communicates with the chamber No. 12, thereby reaching the hot-air collector 18, from which it passes to the chamber No. 8 by way of the open damper 19, the fine 9, and passages 10. Thus this part of the heated air flows from the top of chamber No. 8 to the bottom and thence through the floor-openings 11 into the subways 12, culvert 13, and through the fumedamper 14- into the fumecollector 15. The remaining portion of the heated air passes from the upper part of chamber No. 12 to the bottom, then through the floor-openings 1]., and thence over to chambers Nos. 1, 2, and 3 in succession, passing between the baked articles in each and constantly acquiring a higher degree of heat. Finally it reaches the openings 16 in chamber No. 4, where it aids in supporting combustion of the gas, and being itself of a high degree of heat the necessary temperature is speedily obtained, and

the articles in said chamber are properly baked. The gas from the generators 2 passes, in order to reach the openings 10 of the chamher No. 4, through the receptacle 3, vertical column 4, and conduit (5 to the damper 8, and thence into the fine 9 of the said chamber. The mixture of gas and heated air takes place for the most part in the space between the articles stacked 'in the chamber. The combustion thus is equalized, or nearly so, in every part, and the products thereof pass off into chambers Nos. 5, 6, and 7, and finally reach the chimney through the damper l-l of the latter chamber and the fume-collector 15. The baking process requires from eight to twenty-four hours, according to the dimensions of the articles subjected to said process. During this time the adjustment of the dampers remains as already described, only such changes being made by regulating the area of the dampered openings as may be called for by the variations in temperature in the kiln. \Vhen the process in chamber No. 4is complete, the flames are admitted to the succeeding chamber No. 5, as follows: The gasdamper 8 of said chamber is opened and the corresponding damper of chamber No. 4 is closed. The damper 17 between the chambers Nos. 8 and 9 is opened and the same damper in the passage 17 between the chambers Nos. 9 and 10 is closed. The damper 14 of chamber No. 9 is opened and the corresponding damper of chamber No.7 is closed. Finally the dampers 19 of chambers Nos. 9 and 1 are opened and those of chambers Nos. 8 and 12 are closed.

By suitable adjustments of the several dampers in a manner which will be readily understood from the foregoing explanation the process of drying by hot air may be'carried on in one or more chambers and baking in others, while still others can be emptied or charged at the same time. As soon as the baking process is completed at one point it can be carried to the next, so that the kiln may be kept in continuous operation. Moreover, by utilizing the baked contents to heat the air used in drying the articles as soon as they are stacked the process is expedited and economized.

Having thus described my invention,what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A continuous kiln for pottery having a double series of chambers separated by a di vidinglongitudinal wall, transverse Walls separating the individual chambers and provided with vertical flues, their lower ends communicating with subways beneath the floors and openings in said floors and their upper ends with the upper portions of the chambers, a central longitudinal passage communicating with both series of chambers through gasflues over the transverse walls, which open into said chambers immediately above the openings from the vertical lines, independent dampers to close the communication between said central passage and any one or more of said chambers, gas-conduits one for each se-- ries of chambers opening into the outer ends of the gas-flues each opening having an inde pendent damper, and culverts beneath each chamber-floor communicating with the subways and with longitudinal. fume-collectors through openings having dampers, substantially as described.

2. A continuous kiln for pottery and other purposes, comprising two parallel series of chambers, a central longitudinal hot-air collector, or passage, over the walldividing the two series, transverse flues over the walls separating the chambers in each series, each fine having a series of openings into the top of a chamber, and opening at oneend into a dampered passage to the central hot-air collectorv and at its other end into a dampered passage.

to a gas-conduit, gas producers or generators arranged at one end of the kiln and opening into gas-receptacles, vertical columns to conduct the gas from said receptacles to the gasconduit-s, transverse culverts beneath the floors of the chambers communicating with the latter through subways and openings in the floors of the chambers, and fines in the transverse walls between the chambers, their lower ends communicating with the subways beneath the chamber preceding the one into which the transverse fiues open, and the upper ends opening into the same chamber as said transverse fiues and just beneath the latter, and fume-collectors having dampered passages to the transverse culverts, substantially as described.

I 3. A kiln for baking pottery, comprising 'a battery of chambers arranged in two parallel series separated by a central longitudinal tending longitudinally along the tops of the chambers in each series and having openings with independent dampers into the gas-fines, a series of vertical flues in each transverse wall opening into the top of the adjacent chamber immediately beneath the openings from the gas-fines, a series of subways beneath the floor of each chamber communieating with the lower ends of the vertical fiues and with the chamber by openings in said floor, a long damper to close the lower ends of the vertical fiues, a central hot-air collector, or passage, over the wall between the two series of chambers and having openings controlled by dampers into the adjacent ends of the gas-flues and transverse culverts beneath the floors of the chambers in each series and communicating with the subways and at their outer ends with fume-collectors through openings having independent dampers, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EM. GOBBE. Witnesses:

HIPPOLYLE Form,

0. M. SPRIARD.

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