US6091015A - Photovoltaic energy supply system with optical fiber for implantable medical devices - Google Patents

Photovoltaic energy supply system with optical fiber for implantable medical devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US6091015A
US6091015A US09/085,455 US8545598A US6091015A US 6091015 A US6091015 A US 6091015A US 8545598 A US8545598 A US 8545598A US 6091015 A US6091015 A US 6091015A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
photovoltaic converter
light
energy supply
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US09/085,455
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English (en)
Inventor
Carlos Algora del Valle
Luis Castaner Munoz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
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Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Assigned to UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID reassignment UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALGORA DEL VALLE, CARLOS
Assigned to UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE CATALUNA reassignment UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE CATALUNA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MUNOZ, LUIS CASTANER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/378—Electrical supply
    • A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4246—Bidirectionally operating package structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4292—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements the light guide being disconnectable from the opto-electronic element, e.g. mutually self aligning arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
    • Y10S136/291—Applications

Definitions

  • the energy supply is produced by the electricity generated by a photovoltaic converter transforming light coming through an optical fiber from the outside of the body. This allows the extended use of the implanted medical devices without energy restrictions.
  • an implantable device is composed of a) an actuator, performing the physical function, and b) a control electronics of the actuator as well as of the other auxiliary elements all requiring energy (generally electric) supplied by a battery.
  • Nickel-cadmium and zinc-mercury batteries were used to supply the first generations of implantable devices, but their large size and short life span made nuclear batteries a potential option soon disregarded due to the very strict regulations applying to them. Since then, lithium batteries have become those most used because of their longer duration, comparable to the nuclear cells but subject to less stringent regulations. Additionally, lithium batteries offered several advantages such as a discharge indicator, no internal current leakage (self-discharge), and lack of gaseous emissions. This provides conditions for more reliable performance.
  • the basic idea behind this invention is to provide a permanent source of energy (in terms of patient lifetime or device lifetime) for an implantable device.
  • Optical fiber is a biocompatible material, made of inert plastics (of medical grade) which have already been successfully used in other medical applications, and
  • Optical fibers have very small diameters, several tens of microns in diameter, (similar to that of a human hair). Therefore, the end of the fiber close to the skin would be sealed by natural means (epithelialization). This is a situation already solved in other medical applications, such as internal hypodermic reservoirs and pumps for analgesic drugs.
  • the system proposed here although being of general use for any medical implanted device, can be used with several variations specially those related to the type of light coupled to the optical fiber.
  • ambient light could be used in such a way that the energy supply would be weak but almost permanent.
  • Other sources could also be used such as laser, LED, or incandescent bulb light where much more energy could be supplied per unit of time but less frequently.
  • This "direct" connection between an artificial light source and the optical fiber opens up the possibility of using the same fiber (or a second one) also to transmit data from inside the body to the outside thus making it possible to transmit information on the system's performance as well as the state of the patient. In this way, the proposed system exchanges energy and information between patient and the outside. Therefore, the proposed system uses a unidirectional flow of energy (from the outside to the inside) and a bidirectional flow of information between the inside and the outside.
  • Another interesting possibility for this is that it could be a ⁇ central energy unit ⁇ able to power several implantable devices once the light is converted into electricity. This allows patients requiring more than one implantable device to need just one fiber connection to the skin.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing installation of the system of FIG. 1 in a human body.
  • the proposed system is made up of a light source (1) outside of patient's body (2), an optical fiber (3) running from a point on the surface of the patient's body to the implantable device (4), a photovoltaic converter (5) placed inside the device to which the optical fiber is connected. Finally, a power conditioning circuit (6) adapts the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic converter to the levels required by the other elements (7) of the implanted device (see FIG. 1).
  • the photovoltaic converter (5) will be placed inside the implantable device (4). Its electric terminals will be connected to a power conditioner (6) adapting the voltage and current levels to the requirements of the other conventional elements (7). Conventional elements are understood as those already used in non-photovoltaically powered implantable devices.
  • the photovoltaic converter would have a connector (8) in order to make an efficient link with the optical fiber. From the connector the optical fiber (3) will run a short distance inside the implantable device before coming out of the device thus being the only element inside the human body (2) until it reaches the epidermis at a specific place were the light can enter (1).
  • the external point should be chosen to provide maximum exposure such as the hands, neck, ears, etc. In case other guided light sources are used, any place could be used depending on patient comfort.
  • the size of the converter, manufacturing material, diameter of the optical fiber and light wavelength should be chosen according to the energy supply required by the implantable device, meaning that the power requirements of the device are the most important aspect of the total system.

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  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
US09/085,455 1997-05-28 1998-05-28 Photovoltaic energy supply system with optical fiber for implantable medical devices Expired - Fee Related US6091015A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES009701150A ES2129361B1 (es) 1997-05-28 1997-05-28 Sistema de telealimentacion fotovoltaica a traves de fibra optica paradispositivos medicos implantables.
ES9701150 1997-05-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6091015A true US6091015A (en) 2000-07-18

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US09/085,455 Expired - Fee Related US6091015A (en) 1997-05-28 1998-05-28 Photovoltaic energy supply system with optical fiber for implantable medical devices

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ES (1) ES2129361B1 (es)

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6575965B1 (en) * 1997-03-06 2003-06-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Medical devices utilizing optical fibers for simultaneous power, communications and control
US20030204220A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2003-10-30 Medtronic, Inc. Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information
WO2003101532A2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-11 Cyberkinetics, Inc. Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use
US6711440B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-03-23 Biophan Technologies, Inc. MRI-compatible medical device with passive generation of optical sensing signals
US6718203B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-04-06 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6725092B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2004-04-20 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation immune medical assist device adapter
US20040082875A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-29 Brown University Research Foundation Microstructured arrays for cortex interaction and related methods of manufacture and use
US6731979B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2004-05-04 Biophan Technologies Inc. Pulse width cardiac pacing apparatus
US6829509B1 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-12-07 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US20050113744A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-26 Cyberkinetics, Inc. Agent delivery systems and related methods under control of biological electrical signals
US20050143589A1 (en) * 2003-11-09 2005-06-30 Donoghue John P. Calibration systems and methods for neural interface devices
US20050203366A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-15 Donoghue John P. Neurological event monitoring and therapy systems and related methods
US20050267597A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-12-01 Flaherty J Christopher Neural interface system with embedded id
US20050283203A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-12-22 Flaherty J C Transcutaneous implant
US7003353B1 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-02-21 Quallion Llc Photovoltaic powered charging apparatus for implanted rechargeable batteries
US20060049957A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Surgenor Timothy R Biological interface systems with controlled device selector and related methods
US20060149338A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-06 Flaherty J C Neurally controlled patient ambulation system
US20060167564A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-27 Flaherty J C Limb and digit movement system
US20060167530A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-27 Flaherty J C Patient training routine for biological interface system
US20060167371A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-27 Flaherty J Christopher Biological interface system with patient training apparatus
US20060173259A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-08-03 Flaherty J C Biological interface system
US20060189900A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-24 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with automated configuration
US20060241356A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-10-26 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with gated control signal
US20070043404A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for electrically stimulating parts of the nervous system
US20070106143A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-10 Flaherty J C Electrode arrays and related methods
US20070156126A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Flaherty J C Medical device insertion system and related methods
US7392079B2 (en) 2001-11-14 2008-06-24 Brown University Research Foundation Neurological signal decoding
US20090054955A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Kopell Brian H Systems and Methods for Treating Neurological Disorders by Light Stimulation
US20100023021A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2010-01-28 Flaherty J Christopher Biological Interface and Insertion
US20100217351A1 (en) * 2009-02-23 2010-08-26 Korea Institue Of Science And Technology Apparatus for stimulating living body
US8527046B2 (en) 2000-04-20 2013-09-03 Medtronic, Inc. MRI-compatible implantable device
FR2991589A1 (fr) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Alimentation photovoltaique transcutanee d'un dispositif electronique ou electrique implante.
US9502904B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2016-11-22 Eaton Corporation Power conversion system and method providing maximum efficiency of power conversion for a photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic system employing a photovoltaic array and an energy storage device
CN109411452A (zh) * 2018-10-29 2019-03-01 清华大学 柔性光电转换模块的制造方法以及无线充电装置及系统

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US4432363A (en) * 1980-01-31 1984-02-21 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for transmitting energy to a device implanted in a living body
US5599317A (en) * 1992-04-29 1997-02-04 Hauser; Jean-Luc Externalized sealed catheter with leakproof access

Cited By (69)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6575965B1 (en) * 1997-03-06 2003-06-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Medical devices utilizing optical fibers for simultaneous power, communications and control
US8527046B2 (en) 2000-04-20 2013-09-03 Medtronic, Inc. MRI-compatible implantable device
US6778856B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-08-17 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6819954B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-11-16 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6799069B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-09-28 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6829509B1 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-12-07 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6819958B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-11-16 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6718207B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-04-06 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6763268B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-07-13 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6718203B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-04-06 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6795736B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-09-21 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6757566B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-06-29 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6760628B2 (en) 2001-02-20 2004-07-06 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference immune tissue invasive system
US6731979B2 (en) 2001-08-30 2004-05-04 Biophan Technologies Inc. Pulse width cardiac pacing apparatus
US7392079B2 (en) 2001-11-14 2008-06-24 Brown University Research Foundation Neurological signal decoding
US6711440B2 (en) 2002-04-11 2004-03-23 Biophan Technologies, Inc. MRI-compatible medical device with passive generation of optical sensing signals
US7076292B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2006-07-11 Medtronic, Inc. Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information
US20030204220A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2003-10-30 Medtronic, Inc. Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information
US6725092B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2004-04-20 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic radiation immune medical assist device adapter
US20070010858A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2007-01-11 Medtronic, Inc. Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information
US7865246B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2011-01-04 Medtronic, Inc. Optical communication of neurostimulation-system information
US7280870B2 (en) 2002-06-04 2007-10-09 Brown University Research Foundation Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use
WO2003101532A2 (en) * 2002-06-04 2003-12-11 Cyberkinetics, Inc. Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use
WO2003101532A3 (en) * 2002-06-04 2004-04-01 Cyberkinetics Inc Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use
US20040015211A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2004-01-22 Nurmikko Arto V. Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use
US20070169333A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2007-07-26 Donoghue John P Microstructured arrays for cortex interaction and related methods of manufacture and use
US7212851B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2007-05-01 Brown University Research Foundation Microstructured arrays for cortex interaction and related methods of manufacture and use
US20040082875A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-29 Brown University Research Foundation Microstructured arrays for cortex interaction and related methods of manufacture and use
US7003353B1 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-02-21 Quallion Llc Photovoltaic powered charging apparatus for implanted rechargeable batteries
US20050143589A1 (en) * 2003-11-09 2005-06-30 Donoghue John P. Calibration systems and methods for neural interface devices
US20050113744A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-26 Cyberkinetics, Inc. Agent delivery systems and related methods under control of biological electrical signals
US20050273890A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-12-08 Flaherty J C Neural interface system and method for neural control of multiple devices
US20050267597A1 (en) * 2003-11-25 2005-12-01 Flaherty J Christopher Neural interface system with embedded id
US7751877B2 (en) 2003-11-25 2010-07-06 Braingate Co., Llc Neural interface system with embedded id
US7647097B2 (en) 2003-12-29 2010-01-12 Braingate Co., Llc Transcutaneous implant
US20050283203A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-12-22 Flaherty J C Transcutaneous implant
US20050203366A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-15 Donoghue John P. Neurological event monitoring and therapy systems and related methods
US20060058627A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-16 Flaherty J C Biological interface systems with wireless connection and related methods
US20060049957A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2006-03-09 Surgenor Timothy R Biological interface systems with controlled device selector and related methods
US8560041B2 (en) 2004-10-04 2013-10-15 Braingate Co., Llc Biological interface system
US20060173259A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-08-03 Flaherty J C Biological interface system
US8095209B2 (en) 2005-01-06 2012-01-10 Braingate Co., Llc Biological interface system with gated control signal
US20060253166A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-11-09 Flaherty J C Patient training routine for biological interface system
US20060241356A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-10-26 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with gated control signal
US20060206167A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-09-14 Flaherty J C Multi-device patient ambulation system
US7901368B2 (en) 2005-01-06 2011-03-08 Braingate Co., Llc Neurally controlled patient ambulation system
US7991461B2 (en) 2005-01-06 2011-08-02 Braingate Co., Llc Patient training routine for biological interface system
US20060167530A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-27 Flaherty J C Patient training routine for biological interface system
US20060149338A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2006-07-06 Flaherty J C Neurally controlled patient ambulation system
US20060167371A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-27 Flaherty J Christopher Biological interface system with patient training apparatus
US20060167564A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-07-27 Flaherty J C Limb and digit movement system
US8812096B2 (en) 2005-01-10 2014-08-19 Braingate Co., Llc Biological interface system with patient training apparatus
US20060189901A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-08-24 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with surrogate controlled device
US20060189899A1 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-08-24 Flaherty J Christopher Joint movement apparatus
US20060189900A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-24 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with automated configuration
US7881780B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2011-02-01 Braingate Co., Llc Biological interface system with thresholded configuration
US20060195042A1 (en) * 2005-01-18 2006-08-31 Flaherty J C Biological interface system with thresholded configuration
US8060194B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2011-11-15 Braingate Co., Llc Biological interface system with automated configuration
US20070043404A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for electrically stimulating parts of the nervous system
US20070106143A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-10 Flaherty J C Electrode arrays and related methods
US20100023021A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2010-01-28 Flaherty J Christopher Biological Interface and Insertion
US20070156126A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Flaherty J C Medical device insertion system and related methods
US20090054955A1 (en) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Kopell Brian H Systems and Methods for Treating Neurological Disorders by Light Stimulation
US20100217351A1 (en) * 2009-02-23 2010-08-26 Korea Institue Of Science And Technology Apparatus for stimulating living body
US8644943B2 (en) * 2009-02-23 2014-02-04 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Apparatus for stimulating living body
US9502904B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2016-11-22 Eaton Corporation Power conversion system and method providing maximum efficiency of power conversion for a photovoltaic system, and photovoltaic system employing a photovoltaic array and an energy storage device
FR2991589A1 (fr) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-13 Commissariat Energie Atomique Alimentation photovoltaique transcutanee d'un dispositif electronique ou electrique implante.
WO2013186678A1 (fr) 2012-06-11 2013-12-19 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Alimentation photovoltaique transcutanee d'un dispositif electronique ou electrique implante
CN109411452A (zh) * 2018-10-29 2019-03-01 清华大学 柔性光电转换模块的制造方法以及无线充电装置及系统

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ES2129361B1 (es) 1999-12-16

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