US60718A - Improved machine fob manufacturing candles - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Candles.

Patented Jany 1. 1867 &

/ 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Cand\es.

Patented lany 1. 1867 V 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Cand\es.

Patented Jany 1. 1867 HARRIS 9N GRAMBO, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent Na. 60,718, dated January '1, 1867.

IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING CANDLES.

TO ALL WHO IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l. H \nnilspx GRANT-0, of the city and county of Philadelphi and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements in .lachincs for Manufacturing Candles; and I do hereby declare the following t be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, reference being had in the accompanying drnnings, which are made part of this spccifi'catlon, and in which- 7 Figure l is a plan of my improved marhine.

*Fignr'e Z is a longitudinal section of the same in the plane indicated by the line a: x, fig. I-

Figures 3, 4, and are transverse vertical sections, whose respective planes are indicated by the red lines w w, y y, and z z, fig. l. the arrows on the several red lines showing the direction from which the corresponding figures are drawn. I i

Figure 6 is a dctzu-hed view, which will be hereinafter particularly-referred to.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the oer oral figures.

In the machine, the subject of this application, the candle material, either In a cold, solid, or warm fluid state, is supplied in receiving and rvdneinginills, when e it is forced hetu'ccrra antics-of knives, and, atcvery complete operation of the machine, deposited in from of horizontal pistons, which, moving toward the continof the machinel'rmn lhr opposihsides thereof, force the candle material through transverse passages in the longitudinal centre of the machine, and leave it just helowa vertically-moving plunger, whereby it is forced downward into a central longitudinal chamber leading directly to the moulds wherein the candles arc-formed. l within this central longitudinal chamber work the plunger which forces the material into-tho mouldsrtho pistons which form the candle-tips and eject the candles from the moulds, and the wick tnhes which place the i k i i i ithin the candle moulds. The candle-mould pistons have inotion both simultariddusly with," and independently of, thc plunger which forces the material into the moulds, so that when the candle material has been forced into the moulds, the plunger recedes from the latter, while the-pistons are advanced through the plunger and moulds by special aetuatipg devices; and, having ejcctedthe candles from the moulds, thmpistens are, by a sudden impulse, thrown back into the plunger, thus clearing the moulds in time to onablethern to bo refilled by the forward motion of the plunger. A pair of double-jawed clamps operating at the outer ends of the moulds seize the wicks as soon as the candles are ejected, and hold them while under the action of tho lrnil'c, which severs each wick at a point between the tipol' the candle already formed and the but ofthe succeeding candle within the mould; the clamps also affording a. hearing for the candles while in process ol formation. While the wicks are held by vthe clamps, the wick-feeding tubes recedc within the plung'crs, leaving the wicks in a central position within the moulds. The candles, when ejected from the moulds, enter a corresponding series of tubes formed in a box which is advanced to receive and support the candles while the tricks I are being severed by-thc knife. These receiving tubes are also 'dcsigned to give additional polish andsolidity to the candles, as hereinafter explained; and when the candles are ejected therefrom, they are gently deposited upon a pair of parallel arms or rails, which, after receiving the candles, are lowered so as todepesit the candles in a complete condition upon an endless band, which conveys them away, to be stored, boxcd or otherwise disposed of. I

In order that others skilled in the art to which my invention appcrtains may be enabled to fully understand and uccth'e'same, I will proceed to describe it in detail with reference to th mulexe l lm i A A A may represent the several partsof thet'rmncwhich snpphrts the VM'iOus m mbers of the candle-'- manufacturing mechanism. B B' are the receiving; and reducing mills or'chnlinbcrs illto which th li spermaccti, or other candle material is supplied asthe operation progresses. These chambers, B B, are'locatcd at the opposite sides oi thcmaehine, and in each chamber, B, is-jonrnztlled a vertical shaft, having a spi ral rim or flange, C. The shafts qq togothcr with their spiral rims C G. receive motion through the b vel cogs, D D D, from tho transverse shaft E, which is'rototcd by means of pnlleysF F, bani IF; shaft G,- bcvcl cogs HH, and line shaft I, thelatter beingdriven from the main d iving shaft, ,1, I the p i H The driving shaft, J, may derire its panel from .any-desired source. I have shown the steam boilc 1 l-l steam pipe, K, for supplying steam to the spaces, b, between the jackets Bl and tho rc uciving chamb s B B. These means of heoting rnsy-bc employed when the candle material is supplied to the receiving chambers in a cold condition, for the purpo sc of reducing the canne to the desired pnlpy or mouldable-state; but when material is to be supplie in a hot, fluid statepthe spaces 6 are filled with ice, or some free zirig iniatnrm'a hence the steam apparatu'o sy b'e dispensed ritlr. L L are pistons, which are nidvcd transversely toward from the centre of theinachine, and are fittedito slide within the transverse chambers or passages, L L, thropfih, which the candle material is forced to the lower end ofthe central chamber M, in which works the vertical reciprocating plunger, N. O O 0 represents series of knives, between which the candle material isfordodf from chambers, B B to L L by the rotation of the spiral rims 0 (l;. The pistons L L are actuated by dlr'e' toggle joints to m, iods'm m which toggles are attached to the extremity of a vibrating lc'l'cr, pitman p of which is jointed to a crank on themaiu driving shaft}? The plunger N is also operated by} the lever? P being connected to the latter hy the rod N. The shaft, P, of the lerenP P, is nupportedfin a suitably elevated position by the brackets P P, which rise at each side of the machine, and have their attachment upon the upper side rails of the frame A. Q is a horizontal chamber extonding'beneath, and communicating with the chamber M, and hence it also communicates with the transverse passages L L." R R R R represent the moulds into which the candle material is forced fromtho chamber Q by the horizontal plunger S, which latter is reciprocated within the chamber Q by means of the connecting-rolls s s, which are operated by the cranks, jj on the driving shaft J. The moulds, R, 'or'e fixed immovably in the case or box it, and may be surrounded with ice, cold water, or any desired cooling medium, for the purpose of solidifying and indurnting the candle material when in the moulds. S S S B (see fig. 6) are cylindrical pistons, which are adapted to slide into and out of corresponding chambers. formed in the body of the plunger SJ These pistons are attached to rods, s a 4 s, which receive an intermittent motion from the co cd segment S and rack-bar S, the segment being applied to the driving shaft J, and the ruck-bur arranged to slide between suitable guides i a. --During the engagement of the cogged segment S and racltbar S, with each other, the rods, 8, are advanced or moved toward the moulds, thereby projecting the pistons, S, from their chambers in the plun'gr-S, V and causing them to enter the corresponding moulds, B, so as to eject the candies therefrom. This ejecting action of the pistons takesplace after they have been forced up to the receiving ends of the mouldia R, to which point they are carried by the motion of the plunger S, the pistons being moved along simultaneously with the plunger by the abutment if their ends ngaiust.the bases of the several chambers in which they are situated. Every time the continued irotationof the shaft J czz-"ies the segment S'eut of engagement with the rack-bar S, the latter is subjected the unresisted action of a spring, S, which jerks the pistons Sdmcl: into their chambers in the plunger: 6, a a a represent the wick-tubes passing through the plunger S and pistons S; the red check lines representing the wick as passing through the said tubes frout'the repls T T, which are supported and jeurnalled in the bent irms the lower extremities of which are attzupierl to the transverse bar,

which connects the ends of the wiclr tubos'f- To the ends oi'this connccting-bar, gt, are jointed the ends of the rode a, which, by orank-ccnncction with the driving shaft J, communicate motion to the wiek-tnbes.. The wiclr tubes, 4, correspond in number with the pistons S and moulds It, and they work through the plunger S, pistons 1 S, and moulds R; iii the manner tobo hereinafter explained. In operation, the tubes (2 pass through the moulds R, and deliver the end of the wicks to the clamps d d, which come together and grasp the wicks so as to- ,hold' them central] within the moulds whilothotubos recedo from the moulds togive place'to tho candle material which is orced therein by the advancing plunger S and pistons S. Whcn'the tuhe 'sjrecedc from'tho moulds, the reels, T T, undergo a limited rotation, so as to pay 05' sulllcicnt wick for the ne itbperatiom' The let oll' motion of the reels is limited by the double dog, .U, which is pivoted upon the upright 1i, n-nd when down, arrests the motion of the reels by ccntactarith the pins, t t, on the latter. The dog is elevated at the proper time, so as to' release the reels, by the contact of its curved back with the upper ed e of the slot in the plate, V, through which the arm of the dogis allowed to play. The detaining of the do I], falls by gravity. to arrest the reels T. The jaws, d (1, have three important functions, viz, first, to hold the wick-1 Within e moulds during the retreat or recoding movement of .thh'wick tubes; second, to close and constitute a common base for the outer ends of the candle moulds while the candle material is being forced into the same; and, third, to hold the wick while under the action of the knlfoiw, which severe that portion of the wicks which b 'lo lgfij' to the formed andejectcd' candles from -that whic yetwithin the m uld A scctionalvriow of the clamps;- d d may be seen in fign'd, from which the sctio'n of tho wick-cutting knife between their double jaws-will .be readily understood. "Ati elevution of tho clamps-end their appendages is represented in fig. 3;. but tlgrd more; clearly illustrates the operation of the dcvices whichopen and close the clamps, and I-shullmow roceed to di ib id d vices. ..1 is a bevel cog-whe' cl keyed to the line shaft I, and meshing with c g-wheels I l, which are h b d t communicate a rotary motion to the vertical shafts I I, which, th htho gearing I I I I, import their rotary motion to the horizontal shafts I I, which, through the gearing is d 11, give motion [0 the short rotary shafts d d, which bear the cams d J, which work within the bows or curvcd bars, d d, attached to the clamps ti :1. At everyreyolntlonthe conic d, acting upon friction-rollers (2, move the bews v ti ll but in opposite directions, thus opening the clamps dd. .As soon as th eems cflsuspend their h' h bow, .1 letter are quickly thrown toward each other by thc springs d" d2; Hence, as often as the clamps d are opened by the co ns vi, they are closed by the springs d. Those springs, d, encircle vertical rods, the upper ends of which have rigid bearingson the curved cross-bail), \vhichjs supportcdnpon the bearing fi'nmc D, while the lower end of the springs rodsrest upon the be; R, which contains. 5 mffllldfl The ltnifo, W, is confined by suitable guides, and is depressed by the cam w, ,which is revolved by'the uppermost of'lhe m ts d. Simultaneously with the depressing notion of this cam, 20, the knife, W, is drawn laterally'by the eccentric, w, Ol'htllc line shaft, I, acting through the connecting-rod (0% (300 fig. Thia glves the knife a draw ut, which is best ada ted tof'sct' 'r the nick. As often as depressed, the knife W isji' W i g w, so as to be within suitable proximity to the cam 10 to admit of a repetition of its action. Y represents a box containing a series ol'tnbes, Y, corresponding in number and size with the moulds R. Thotubesarearra lgtil in line with the moulds it, and their box, Y, is fitted to slide upon the rods, Z, toward and away from the mould box ll. The box, Y, is carried up to the moulds by the operation of the copged segment, G, on shaft G, upon the longitudinal raclehar, G, which is attached to the box Y. i'hen the eogged segment has run itself out of gear with the raek-bar G, the box Y is retracted from the moulds It by the springs Z which encircle the rods Z. Y are a series of stationary pistons or cylinders, which, when the box Y is retracted, enter the tubes Y to expel the candles therefrom. g is an endless band, receiving motion from the shaft I through the belt and pulleys 1 g, and made to circulate around the drums g, which are journnllcd at the opposite sides of the machine, as represented in fig. 1. it It represent a pair of lovers, which are supported upon a transverse rod or shaft, It, which is fitted to turn in lugs attached to the upper side pieces of the frame A. At their inner extremities these levers carry a pair of curved arms or rails, 11 I which occupy positions at either side of the belt 1. The upper ends of the levers I. l: are lllltit by the revolving arms or tappcts on the shaft (l, which haatho cllect to elevate the arms or rails 1/ It to a positi n to receive the candles, after which [A It fall by gravity and deposit the candles upon the belt 7.

The operation will be readily understood from the above description of the functions and construction of the various parts of the apparatus, but I shall now give a brief description of the consecutive operations. and merely refer to the drawings by way of elucidation.

The material from which the candles are to be formed is first supplied to the mills or chambers 11 B, from which it is forced downward so as to fill the spaces in front of the pistons L L. The latter are then advanced toward the centre of the machine, carrying with them, and depositing beneath the plunger N, sullieient quantity of material for a single operation. The plunger N then descends and forces the material downward into thechamber Q, from which it is forced into the moulds by the forward movement of the plunger S, and pistons S. As soon as the piston S reaches the receiving end of the mould R, its motion is reversed, but the forward motion of the cylindrical pistons S is continued, so that they start out of their chambers in the plunger and enter the moulds, at which point in the operation the clamps (I (I open to permit the candles to be expelled by the advancing pistons; said clamps having, up to this time, maintained their closed position, so as to form a base or backing for each of the moulds. The candles having been expelled from the moulds ll, the wicks, at the point of delivery, are seized by the closing clamps, and held while under the cutting action of the nifo W, which detaches so much of the wick as belongs to that set of ca dles. The pistons, S, having traversed the full length of the moulds R, and performed their special function, tly quickly back into their chambers within the plunger S, which had previously receded to allow another quantity of material to be forced into the chambers Q by the plunger N. The wick-tubes a are carried forward in the moulds R simultaneously with and to nearly the same extent as the pistons S; but while the pistons leave the tnoulds with a sudden impulsive movement, the wick tubes rccede therefrom moreslowly, and said wick-tubes, thus receding, thread the wicks, so to speak, in the centre of the candles as the material to form the latter is forced into the moulds by the readvancing plunger and pistons. During the backward or receding motion of the wick-tubes a, the wick, still held at the end by the clamps d d, is paid at? from the reels T T in just sufiicient quantity to supply one set of candles. When the candles start out of the moulds R, under the expelling action of the pistons S, the tubes Y, with their box Y, move toward the mould box It, to receive and support the candles. After the wicks have been cut by the knife W, and released by the clamps J J, the box Y retreats from the moulds, and the stationary pistons Y", entering the tubes Y, expel the candles from the latter. Being thus delivered from the tubes Y, the candles are received uponthe arms or rails It, which had risen to the height of the tubes to re eive them. The arms, It, descepd and deposit the gtlntlles in a complete condition upon the band g. which carries them off as fast as they are made. The tubes, Y, serve to give additional polish and solidity to the candles, and both they and the moulds It may be surrounded with ice, water, or a freezing mixture. if desired. The number of the moulds and tubes is unlimited, and the length of the candles can be regulated by the stroke of the pistons.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. I claim the receiving and reducing mills B C C, supply chambers L L M Q, pistons L L, plungers N S, and moulds R, all combined and arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. I claim the pistons S, operating in combination with the plunger S, and moulds R, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

3. I claim the combination with the plunger S, and pistons S, of the wiek-tubcs 11, arranged and operating substantially as described.

4. I claim the clamps d J, arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. I claim the receiving and discharging tubes Y, when arranged and employed in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

6. I claim the combination with the tubes Y, of the stationary pistons Y, arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose specified.

7. I claim the box Y, afiording a bearing and enclosing case for the tubes Y, and reciprocatetl therewith by the means and for the purpose described.

8- Ielaim the arms or rails It It, and levers It It, arrangedwnd operating substantially as and. for the purpose specilied.

9- I claim the endless baud g, arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

10. I claim the combination with the reducing mills or chambora B B, of the steam chests or jackets B 13 substantially as described.

11. I claim the knife W, wh d d, for the purpose set forth.

12. I claim tho combination of the (log U, with the reels T T, for limiting the let-oil mo 13. I claim the within-described candle-inking nppai-ntus, consisting of the rec ll I3, supplying chambers L M Q, plungcrs and pistons N S L L, wick-tubes a, all arranged and operating substantially as set forth. s

I HARRISQN GRAMBO. Witnesses:

W. V. Ancnn, Hum? E. Jom.

cn operated in the manner specified and employed in connoction with the clamps tion, as described. eivlng mills or chambers reels 1 T, and chimps d d,

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