US6058303A - System and method for subscriber activity supervision - Google Patents

System and method for subscriber activity supervision Download PDF

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Publication number
US6058303A
US6058303A US08/723,620 US72362096A US6058303A US 6058303 A US6058303 A US 6058303A US 72362096 A US72362096 A US 72362096A US 6058303 A US6058303 A US 6058303A
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Prior art keywords
sms
plmn
mobile subscriber
message
gmsc
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US08/723,620
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English (en)
Inventor
Bo Arne Valdemar Åstrom
Bjorn Arne Svennesson
Gulamabbas Sumar
Robert Johannes Bernardus Schmersel
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Assigned to TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON (PUBL) reassignment TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON (PUBL) ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SVENNESSON, BJORN ARNE, ASTROM, BO ARNE VALDEMAR, SCHMERSEL, ROBERT JOHANNES BERNARDUS, SUMAR, GULAMABBAS
Priority to US08/723,620 priority Critical patent/US6058303A/en
Priority to CA002264252A priority patent/CA2264252C/en
Priority to JP51153898A priority patent/JP4103966B2/ja
Priority to AU38745/97A priority patent/AU721003B2/en
Priority to CN97199252.5A priority patent/CN1235737A/zh
Priority to DE69735720T priority patent/DE69735720T2/de
Priority to PCT/SE1997/001370 priority patent/WO1998009464A2/en
Priority to EP97935964A priority patent/EP0922366B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016—Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • H04Q3/0029—Provisions for intelligent networking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/432—Arrangements for calling a subscriber at a specific time, e.g. morning call service

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the provision of supplementary telecommunications services, and more particularly, to a system and method for facilitating the monitoring of activity of a mobile subscriber.
  • a call When a call involves an interconnection between two parties connected to different exchanges, it is completed via a so-called transit or tandem exchange which forms part of the network interconnecting individual central office switches to one another.
  • the transit exchange is totally transparent to the two parties of the call and simply provides a voice path between the two end offices. Any special service features invoked by either party has traditionally been provided by the end office to which that subscriber is connected, independently of the network connection between the two parties.
  • Improvements in technology have also reduced the cost of providing basic telephone service.
  • the telecommunications companies can no longer justify the relatively high tariffs levied on the provision of basic telephone services. Improvements in technology have lowered the actual cost of delivering a telephone call to virtually nothing. In economic terms, basic telephone services can be viewed as zero marginal cost business.
  • the advances that have increased the power to price performance ratio of desktop computers over the years have also boosted the reliability and efficiency of modern telephone exchanges.
  • Improvements in technology have also reduced or eliminated the effects of the geographic distance between a calling party and a called party as a significant factor in the cost of providing a telephone call. It has been argued that it cost no more in terms of network resources to call from Swiss to Dallas (a distance of about 8,000 kilometers) than it does to call from Dallas to Austin (a distance of about 300 kilometers).
  • Telecommunications operators have expressed a need for faster and less expensive techniques for the introduction of new services into their telecommunications network. Further, they have desired that the impact of the new functionality be limited to one or a few exchanges only. It has also been found desirable for service-administration tasks such as the installation or modification of services, the addition of customer-specific data, etc., be capable of being handled from a central management facility.
  • the Intelligent Network has been proposed as a solution to address the above requirements.
  • the IN technology is designed to allow a telecommunications operator to design its own set of unique services or to adapt existing services to specific customer requirements. Further, the IN architecture permits the impact of installation of new services to be limited to a few control nodes.
  • Another design feature of the IN architecture is its centralized administration of services. This improves the response time and decreases the human resource overhead required to run the network. Furthermore, the IN architecture permits customer control of some customer-specific data.
  • the personal number service involves giving each subscriber a specific telephone number, usually one prefixed with an "area code” of 500.
  • the design philosophy behind the personal number service is to supplant the plethora of contact numbers for each subscriber with just one phone number.
  • the exchange switch will query a central database and obtain a list of all of the telephone numbers where the subscriber might possibly be reached. The switch will then ring each of those numbers in a predetermined order until the call gets answered.
  • a subscriber may be provided the ability to dynamically update the contact number database from any telephone instrument.
  • customer control can permit a subscriber to add the number of a hotel or other location where he or she may be temporarily located.
  • the design philosophy behind the IN architecture is to reduce the time to market for the provision of new services, to lower development and administration costs, and to enhance profits deriving from the provision of premium services.
  • the classic example of an IN service is the use of a single dialed number (the B-number) by customers spanning a large geographic area that is redirected to one of a plurality of local service centers.
  • a pizza franchise can advertise a single telephone number for ordering pizzas. Whenever a customer dials the advertised number, the IN service can direct the call to the nearest franchisee based upon the number of the dialing subscriber (the A-number).
  • the Intelligent Network concept originated in the United States. Originally, the intent was to provide a central database for translating a single dialed number into a different terminating number.
  • One of the earliest applications of IN services was to provide toll free calling ("Freephone").
  • Toll free numbers do not directly correspond to a physical telephone line, but need to be translated into an actual termination number.
  • the translation may be dependent upon the location of the caller and upon the time of day.
  • SS7 Signaling System No. 7
  • the next step in the revolution of the IN was to move from static databases to dynamic ones that permitted customer control of customer-specific data. Additional interactivity came to be permitted when subscribers could control the progress of the call by keypad interaction from the subscriber's instrument.
  • Such interactive IN is referred to in the U.S. as the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN).
  • UPN Universal Personal Number
  • VPN Virtual Private Network
  • the VPN service allows a private network to be constructed using public network resources.
  • a corporation could have a corporate telephone network that permits all of its employees to communicate with each other without investing in the hardware or software needed for providing a physical private network.
  • a corporate customer can also avoid the costs of maintaining a physical network.
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • the HLR When a subscriber activates his mobile unit, the HLR is immediately notified. When the HLR detects that a previously inactive mobile station has become active, it immediately alerts the SMSC that had earlier tried to send an SMS message to the inactive mobile station. Upon receiving this alert, the SMSC is triggered to retransmit SMS messages that could not be delivered earlier because the mobile station had been inactive.
  • Current implementation standards for IN do not have any mechanisms for providing similar or equivalent functionality.
  • a telecommunications service provider were to be able to monitor the activity status of a mobile station, and generate a subscriber activity report to the Service Controlled Function (SCP) of an IN, then the service provider would be able to terminate a larger fraction of communication attempts. Consequently, the telecommunications service provider could earn greater revenues and also increase resource utilization within its telecommunications network.
  • SCP Service Controlled Function
  • One embodiment of the present invention is implemented in an IN (Intelligent Network) telecommunications system comprising a plurality of IPs (Intelligent Peripherals) connected to an SCP (Service Control Point) and PLMN Gateways over a network.
  • IN Intelligent Network
  • SCP Service Control Point
  • the activity status of a mobile subscriber in a PLMN system is determined initially. If the mobile subscriber is found to be inactive, the PLMN system is armed remotely from the IN system to detect any renewed activity by the mobile subscriber. The activity status of the PLMN mobile subscriber is continuously monitored.
  • the subscriber activity probe When renewed activity of the PLMN mobile subscriber is detected, the subscriber activity probe is triggered and an alert message is transmitted from the PLMN system to the IN system. This causes an internal report to be generated within the IN system that notifies the supervisory entity within the IN system to become aware that the mobile subscriber is again active and can now be reached through the PLMN system.
  • an SCP commands an SMS-IP to probe the activity status of a mobile subscriber.
  • the SMS-IP in turn, sends a dummy SMS message to a Gateway Mobile Service Center (GMSC) in the PLMN system that is dedicated to handling SMS messages.
  • GMSC Gateway Mobile Service Center
  • the SMS-GMSC activates the storage of non-delivered messages to a mobile subscriber by enabling the Message Waiting Data List (MWD-List) in the HLR of the mobile subscriber.
  • MWD-List Message Waiting Data List
  • the SMS-GMSC also acknowledges the arming of the PLMN to the SMS-IP.
  • the SMS-IP in turn notifies the SCP that the "Send Probe" command has been successfully executed.
  • the PLMN Upon the completion of these actions, the PLMN becomes armed. When a previously inactive mobile subscriber becomes active, the notification of the renewed activity to the HLR will result in the triggering and transmission of an "Alert" command from the PLMN to the SMS-IP. Upon receiving the alert from the SMS-GMSC, the SMS-IP unilaterally generates a "Mailbox Status Report" notification to the SCP.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram showing the standard Intelligent Network (IN) Conceptual Model
  • FIG. 2 shows the components of an exemplary simple Intelligent Network
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of a Service Independent Building Block (SIB);
  • SIB Service Independent Building Block
  • FIG. 4 shows the mapping of the various IN functional entities into physical units
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an IN implementation with service nodes at the transit level
  • FIG. 6 shows the preferred methodology for implementing various services in the IN Conceptual Model
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate two approaches towards implementing an API
  • FIG. 8 shows one technique for defining personal agents using Service Logic Programs (SLPs);
  • FIG. 9 shows the architecture of an exemplary mobile radio telecommunications network
  • FIG. 10 shows the operation of the Short Message Service (SMS) in a mobile radio telecommunications system
  • FIG. 11 shows one embodiment of the Networked IP (NIP) system and method of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is an overview sequence diagram illustrating the flow of messages between the various logical entities of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a sequence diagram illustrating the operation of the "Mailbox Status Report" command
  • FIG. 14 is a sequence diagram illustrating the operation of the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command when the SCP asks for brief information about mailbox status;
  • FIG. 15 is a sequence diagram illustrating the operation of the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command when the SCP asks for detailed information about mailbox status;
  • FIG. 16 is a sequence diagram illustrating the operation of the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command when a subscriber asks for brief information about mailbox status;
  • FIG. 17 is a sequence diagram illustrating the operation of the "Mailbox Status Inquiry" command when a subscriber asks for detailed information about mailbox status;
  • FIG. 18 shows the sequence diagram when the SCP probes the activity status of a mobile subscriber
  • FIG. 19 shows the finite state machine for the SCP during the operation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 shows the finite state machine for the IP during the operation of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a solution to one set of problems concerning the supervision of the activity status of mobile subscribers whose terminal units are inactive when the delivery of messages originating outside a PLMN network (such as electronic mail (e-mail) messages or SMS (Short Message Service) messages) is first attempted.
  • messages originating outside a PLMN network such as electronic mail (e-mail) messages or SMS (Short Message Service) messages.
  • e-mail electronic mail
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • An Intelligent Network is a telecommunications network architecture that provides flexibility for facilitating the introduction of new capabilities and services into a network such as the Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN) or a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN).
  • PSTN Public Switched Telecommunications Network
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • new capabilities and services include toll free calling ("Free Phone"), credit card services and Virtual Private Networks (VPN).
  • VPN Virtual Private Networks
  • IN embodies the dreams of the unbundled network of the future in which freedom is given to service providers and users to personalize the network services, independently of access, switch term technology and network providers.
  • An international consensus view on IN is described in the ITU-TS Recommendation Q.1200.
  • the details of the IN architecture have been specified in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Recommendation I.312/Q.1201 which also contains a verbal explanation of the IN Conceptual Model (INCM) shown in FIG. 1.
  • the ITU's IN Conceptual Model analyzes and systematizes the various tasks and processes associated with call handling and the provision of services into four planes: a Service Plane 101, a Global Function Plane 102, a Distributed Function Plane 103, and a Physical Plane 104.
  • Number Services for example, toll free calling ("Free Phone"), credit card calling, personal number services, televoting, etc.
  • SSF Service Switching Function
  • SRF Special Resource Function
  • SCF Service Control Function
  • SCF Service Data Function
  • SDF Service Data Function
  • the main building blocks of IN are the SSF, the SCF, the SDF and the SRF.
  • the SRF is also referred to hereafter as the logical Intelligent Peripheral (logical IP).
  • logical IP logical Intelligent Peripheral
  • Each of these building blocks is a separate logical entity which may, but need not, be physically integrated with the other entities of the telephone network, logical or otherwise.
  • the physical and logical entities are referred to interchangeably as one in the following description of the preferred embodiment.
  • the IN architecture divides the basic call process into discrete strictly-defined stages that gives telecommunications service providers and subscribers the ability to manipulate the call process.
  • the components of a simple Intelligent Network 200 has been shown in FIG. 2.
  • the standard architecture of the Intelligent Network has defined various components of the IN as well as the interfaces between the individual components.
  • the call When a call is made to an IN service, the call is first routed to a special node in the network that is called the Service Switching Point (SSP). If the SSP recognizes an incoming call as an IN call, then all further processing of the call is suspended while the SSP informs the Service Control Point (SCP), another node in the IN system, that an IN call has been received.
  • SSP Service Switching Point
  • the SCP provides the "intelligence" in the "Intelligent Network.”
  • the SCP controls everything that happens to an IN call and makes all the call processing decisions.
  • the SCP decides upon the appropriate action that is to be performed on the call, the SCP instructs the SSP to carry out the necessary action.
  • the Service Control Function contains the logic of an IN service and bears the complete responsibility for making decisions related to a call invoking that service.
  • This service logic may run on any telecommunications platform (e.g., Ericsson's AXE platform or UNIX).
  • the node i.e., the physical hardware and the software that contains the SCF is called the Service Control Point (SCP) 201.
  • the data needed for each service (e.g., the list of subscriber telephone numbers) is provided by the Service Data Function (SDF).
  • SDF Service Data Function
  • the data needed for the services is stored in the SCF itself.
  • the function of storing the service-related data is allocated to the SDF which provides the data upon demand to the SCF.
  • the SDF can be UNIX's machine running a commercially-available database program such as Sybase.
  • the physical node that contains the SDF is referred to as the Service Data Point (SDP) 202.
  • SDP Service Data Point
  • CCF Call Control Function
  • the Service Switching Function interprets the instructions sent by the SCF and passes the commands to be executed to the CCF.
  • the SSF also receives call event data (e.g., the onhook/offhook status of a subscriber or a subscriber line being busy) from the CCF and passes the data to the SCF.
  • the physical node i.e., the exchange hardware and software that contains the SSF is referred to as the Service Switching Point (SSP) 204 and 205.
  • the Specialized Resource Function provides certain resources for use in IN services, e.g., DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) digit reception, announcements and speech recognition.
  • the SRF communicates directly with the SCF.
  • the SRF functionality may be co-located with the SSF. In this case the SRF does not communicate directly with the SCF, but via the SSF.
  • the SRF is not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the Service Management Function (SMF) 207 administers the maintenance of IN services, e.g., the addition or removal of data or the installation or the revision of services.
  • the Service Creation Environment Function (SCEF) 207 allows an IN service to be developed, tested and input to the SMF.
  • the SMF and the SCEF are combined into one and termed the Service Management Application System (SMAS).
  • the SMAS application is part of the TMOS family and runs under the UNIX operating system. It permits services to be designed using a graphical interface and provides convenient forms for the entry of service data.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary SCP 201 connected to an SDP 202 and SSPs 204 and 205.
  • the SCP is also connected to an SMF/SCEF 207. All of the links running to and from the SCP 201 are shown as dashed lines in FIG. 2 to indicate that they are not voice links.
  • the SDP 202 is also connected by a non-voice link to the SMF/SCEF 207.
  • the SSP 204 is connected to two local exchanges (LEs) 223 and 224 as well as to a transit exchange (TE) 211.
  • the transit exchange 211 in turn is connected to two other local exchanges 221 and 222.
  • the SSP 205 is connected to local exchange 225.
  • the local exchanges 223 and 224 are shown in FIG. 2 to be connected to an exemplary originating subscriber T-A 231 as well as to an exemplary terminating subscriber T-B 232.
  • the corresponding physical nodes are called the Service Switching Point (SSP), the Service Control Point (SCP), the Service Data Point (SDP), and the physical Intelligent Peripheral (IP).
  • SSP Service Switching Point
  • SCP Service Control Point
  • SDP Service Data Point
  • IP physical Intelligent Peripheral
  • the user agent is identified in the SCF by the calling or the called party number, and invoked when an armed trigger point in the serving node is hit.
  • Signaling data and call state data can be manipulated by the user agent.
  • the SRFs are capable of in-band communication with the users or with each other to overcome limitations in the current signaling systems.
  • SIBs service independent building blocks
  • FIG. 3 shows the structure of a SIB.
  • Each SIB 301 is an elementary logical element in a service logic that hides the implementation from the programmer. When existing SIBs cannot meet a new requirement, new SIBs are defined.
  • the SIBs 301 perform functions such as analysis of signaling information, control of connection topology, interaction with the user, reading and writing of data, collection and output of call data, etc. Other SIBs are pure language elements such as jump, go to subroutine, loop, handover, etc.
  • Each SIB 301 is available in the service platform.
  • Service Logic Programs (SLPs) are built by SIBs 301 and refer to by their names. Service logic can be designed using a Service Creation Environment Function (SCEF).
  • SCEF Service Creation Environment Function
  • the SIBs 301 are made available to the SCEF through a system-independent Application Programming Interface (API).
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • FIG. 4 The mapping of the various IN functional entities into physical units or entities is shown in FIG. 4 where the suffix "F” stands for the various functional entities and the suffix "P” stands for physical entities.
  • SMF refers to the Service Management Function
  • CCF refers to the Call Control Function.
  • FIG. 5 An example of an IN implementation with service nodes at the transit level is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the service nodes shown in FIG. 5 can be reached from any access node such as a local switch in PSTN or ISDN or an MSC in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) system.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • the service nodes can serve both personal telephony as well as other number-based services.
  • User identities and authentication information may be transferred in-band to the SRF or embedded in calling- and called-party number fields in the signaling systems.
  • the personal agent has components in the Call Control Function, CCF (i.e., the trigger point data), the Service Control Function, SCF (i.e., the service logic), and in the Service Data Function, SDF (i.e., the service data).
  • CCF Call Control Function
  • SCF Service Control Function
  • SDF Service Data Function
  • the IN platform components illustrated in FIG. 5 can be either integrated into the access nodes or implemented in separate service nodes.
  • the role of the Service Switching Function is to recognize that a call is invoking an IN service, and then to communicate with the SCF to receive instructions about how to handle the call.
  • the SCF is where the intelligence of the IN resides as it contains the logic required to execute various services.
  • the SDF is a database system that provides the data storage capacity needed for the data intensive supplementary services.
  • the IP is the network element that provides resources for user interaction such as voice announcements and dialogue, dual tone multi-frequency reception (DTMF) and voice recognition.
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • the ITU's IN Conceptual Model shown in FIG. 1 also defines the methodology for implementing various services. This is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the service requirements are first translated to SIB structures at 602.
  • the resulting SIBs 603 are mapped at 604 to various Functional Entities 605.
  • the Functional Entities 605 in turn are mapped at 606 to one or more Physical Entities 607.
  • the service requirements in IN are not directly translated into network functionality. Instead, the service requirements are translated into service platform elements (i.e., SIBs) which in turn are implemented according to the IN three-stage model to become reusable capabilities and protocol elements in the telecommunications network.
  • SIBs service platform elements
  • API Application Program Interface
  • the fixed logic can be expressed in a standard programming language such as C or C++, etc., and compiled and loaded into a standard execution environment.
  • the flexible logic part in contrast, consists only of exchangeable data.
  • the second approach would be to define a service API that gives full control over all aspects of the logic by combining SIBs with each other to achieve the desired function.
  • Each SIB can be linked to any other SIB in this approach.
  • Some SIBs perform a telecommunications function while others are only linking elements in the logic. All logic is expressed as data that describes which SIBs are to be used, how they are linked, and what data each SIB is to use to perform its function. All implementation details are thus hidden from the service programmer. This is the principal approach taken in Ericsson's IN products.
  • FIG. 7A The SIB-platform approach is shown in FIG. 7A, and the Service Logic Execution Environment (SLEE) approach is shown in FIG. 7B.
  • the SIB approach of FIG. 7A expresses all service logic as a combination of elementary SIB functions that are available in the service platform to form flexible service profiles (FSPs).
  • the SLEE approach shown in FIG. 7B considers the SIBs as subroutines to the fixed logic expressed in a programming language such as C, C++, Service Logic Programs (SLPs), etc.
  • the compiled code uses telecommunications platform primitives, such as INAP (Intelligent Network Application Part) operations and database primitives.
  • INAP Intelligent Network Application Part
  • FSPs Flexible Service Profiles
  • the user-centric view of IN focuses on the users rather than on the features.
  • the needs of individual users are assumed to be unique, with the service provider being in full control of all service logic.
  • the FSP approach is applied, and the result is that a range of unique service profiles can then be created by reusing SIBs rather than reusing features. This means that feature interaction ceases to be a problem, since no individual features are implemented.
  • the interaction between the SIBs constitutes the service logic in this approach.
  • SIB-based service profile can be executed on any compatible platform, whether it is a switch processor, a stand-alone personal computer, or work-station.
  • the old paradigm, giving the same features to all subscribers, is replaced by feature transparency for each individual subscriber, irrespective of access.
  • the Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) Protocol is used for signaling in IN systems.
  • the INAP signaling protocol has been standardized by both the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and includes the CCITT Signaling System No. 7 (CCS7) which is one, but not the only network protocol that may be used to support INAP.
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • ITU International Telecommunications Union
  • CCS7 CCITT Signaling System No. 7
  • the IN CS-1 standard One of the shortcomings of the core INAP as it is specified today (i.e., the IN CS-1 standard), is that the communication possibilities between the SCF and the IPs are restricted to speech only. Other media such as e-mail, facsimile, data, etc. are currently not supported by the CS-1 standard. Thus, non-call-related and non-real time call-related services are not included in the present CS-1 standard.
  • the Networked IP (NIP) implementation can be characterized as an extension to the INAP to include the handling and processing of non-voice media and the provision of non-call-related communication between the SCF and the IPs.
  • NIP allows the SCF to be in total control of all store-and-forward (i.e. messaging) services such as voice mail, e-mail, SMS messages, etc.
  • the protocol used for the NIP implementation is referred to hereafter as NIP-INAP.
  • the NIP-INAP is an Ericsson-specific extension to the IN CS-1 standard.
  • Each Visited Mobile Switching Centers comprises hardware and software having the functionality of both a VLR as well as an MSC.
  • each V-MSC can act as both a switching center as well as a visited location with transparent signaling to the corresponding BSC.
  • nodes in a GSM system have been standardized to such an extent that new services and features cannot be added without violating (or at least derogating from) the standard.
  • the standards governing nodes in an IN system permit extensive customization.
  • a separate location management mechanism has been developed to associate terminal identities with the geographical and physical addresses that may change when the terminals move.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • the HLR integrates a number of functions. For example, the HLR performs location management of the call managers to ensure that the flexible (or variable) portion of a subscriber's service profiles are currently updated in every visited location where the fixed portions of the profile have been installed.
  • the HLR also provides assistance in call set-up to the terminal by forwarding call data to the VLR, and obtaining in return, the Roaming Number (RN), which is then used to set up the connection for the call through the PSTN.
  • the RN is used only during call set-up, to associate the terminal number with the connection, thus circumventing the limitations of the PSTN signaling that permits it to carry only one called party number.
  • the HLR also provides for direct communication with the terminals (using the MAP protocol) to receive service management directives. The use of the personal SIM card unbundles the user from the terminal. However, current standards do not permit more than one user to be registered at any one terminal at a given time.
  • the supplementary services that are provided to subscribers have also been standardized in GSM.
  • the majority of these supplementary services, especially those using call state information, are implemented in the visited locations.
  • Call forwarding services are performed by the HLR.
  • Use of the same standard by a large number of operators provides feature transparency for users over very large areas.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • FIG. 9 shows the architecture of an exemplary mobile radio telecommunications network.
  • a cellular network comprises a terminal 903 into which a subscriber 901 inserts a personal SIM card 902.
  • the terminal communicates with a Base Station (BS) 904 over an air interface, such as an air interface specified in an existing communication system.
  • BS Base Station
  • the terminal 903 has an identity of its own that is built in by the manufacturer of the terminal.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • VLR Visited Mobile Switching Center
  • Routing to a cellular terminal is made by using the Roaming Number (RN) that is obtained using the signaling between the Gateway MSC (GMSC) and the Visited MSC (VMSC) via the Home Location Register (HLR).
  • RN Roaming Number
  • GMSC Gateway MSC
  • VMSC Visited MSC
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • MAP Mobile Application Part
  • the Base Station 904 is controlled by the Base Station Controller (BSC) 905 that also serves as an access node.
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • the operation of the Short Message Service (SMS) in a cellular system is depicted in FIG. 10.
  • the originator of a Short Message (SM) shown as MS-A 1060 in FIG. 10 sends a Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) to a service controller selected by MS-A 1060.
  • the MO-SM is sent by issuing a "Forward SM" MAP command from the visited MSC/VLR 1051 to the Interworking MSC (IWMSC) 1052.
  • IWMSC Interworking MSC
  • the transmission 1071 from the MSC/VLR 1051 to the IWMSC 1052 is performed by using the selected SC-A address as a "Global Title" as specified in the E.164 standard.
  • the IWMSC 1052 analyzes the SC-A address in the "Called Address” SCCP component, changes the translation type and forwards the MO-SM to SC-A 1053 using the "Forward MO-SM" command in the SMS-MAP protocol, as shown at 1072.
  • the SC-A executes one of a plurality of actions according to the directions or preferences of the Mobile Subscriber A 1060. It should be noted that the mobile subscriber's preferences need to be stored in the Service Center 1053 before such preferences can be executed.
  • the Service Center SC-A 1053 can perform a number of operations on the Mobile Originated Short Message. Examples of such actions include duplication and storage of a received Short Message, retransmission of a Short Message based upon a distribution list defined by MS-A 1060; conversion of an SM to a desired or preferred medium, etc. All of these actions can be based either on an indicated Protocol ID (PID) value or are based upon a subscriber defined profile value.
  • PID Protocol ID
  • These extensions to the standard functionality of a SMS system are described in greater detail in U.S. Patent Application entitled A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ROUTING MESSAGES IN RADIOCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Ser. No. 08/141,085, (Ericsson Reference No. P-05915-US), filed Oct. 16, 1993, in the names of Bo ⁇ STROM and Roland BODIN, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
  • the SC-A 1053 can also distribute a Short Message to a subscriber-defined distribution list after converting the SM to one or more desired media according.
  • the SC-A 1053 Upon receiving the Mobile Originated Short Message, the SC-A 1053 acknowledges the same to the IWMSC 1052 as shown at 1073.
  • the IWMSC 1052 in turn acknowledges the successful reception of the MO-SM using the MAP interface to the Visited MSC/VLR 1051. This is shown at 1074.
  • the visited MSC/VLR 1051 then forwards the acknowledgment to MS-A 1060.
  • the MO-SM is sent as a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) to the Mobile Station B (MS-B) 1065.
  • MT-SM Mobile Terminated Short Message
  • MS-B Mobile Station B
  • the steps involved in this transmission are shown by arrows labeled 1075-1080 in FIG. 10.
  • the SC-A 1053 sends an MT-SM using the SMS-MAP interface to a Gateway MSC handling SM messages (SMS-GMSC) 1054.
  • SMS-GMSC 1054 then sends a query to the HLR 1055 to determine the present location of the intended recipient of the Short Message.
  • the query to the HLR is performed over the MAP interface using the "Send Routing Info For SM" command.
  • the HLR 1055 returns inter alia an MSC number and the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) to the SMS-GMSC 1054 as shown at 1077.
  • the SMS-GMSC sends the MT-SM to the visited MSC/VLR 1056 using the "Forward SM" command.
  • the visited MSC/VLR 1056 then delivers the MT-SM to the Mobile Subscriber B (MS-B) 1065 who acknowledges receipt to the visited MSC/VLR 1056.
  • MS-B Mobile Subscriber B
  • the Visited MSC/VLR 1056 Upon receiving an acknowledgment from MS-B, the Visited MSC/VLR 1056 generates an acknowledgment to the SMS-GMSC 1054 as shown at 1079 over the MAP interface using the "Return Result Component To Forward SM" message.
  • the delivery of the Mobile Terminated Short Message to the intended recipient MB-B 1065 is acknowledged back to the SC-A 1053 as shown at 1080 by transmitting a "Return Result Component To Forward MT-SM" confirmation message.
  • FIG. 11 shows one embodiment of the Networked IP (NIP) system of the present invention.
  • a Networked IP system comprises an SCP 1101 that can communicate with a plurality of Intelligent Peripherals (IPs) 1111-1114.
  • IPs Intelligent Peripherals
  • Each of these logical IPs are SRFs in IN terminology, as noted earlier.
  • IP 1 1111, IP 2 1112, IP 3 1113 and an SMS-IP, IP s 1114 are shown in FIG. 11: IP 1 1111, IP 2 1112, IP 3 1113 and an SMS-IP, IP s 1114.
  • the IPs 1111-1114 can communicate amongst each other over a communications backbone 1110 using any protocol, for example, TCP/IP, X.25, etc.
  • FIG. 11 also provides an overview of the message flow and operation of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the networked IPs 1111-1114 interact with the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) 1150 through a Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center (GMSC) 1161.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • GMSC Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center
  • the GMSC 1161 can terminate an SMS message by polling a recipient's Home Location Register (HLR) 1166, ascertaining the current location of a mobile subscriber 1165 and routing the SMS message through a VMSC 1162 and a Base Station Controller (BSC) 1163 and a Base Station (BS) 1164.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • BS Base Station
  • FIG. 11 The conjunctive operation of an IN system and a PLMN 1150 is illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • the process starts with an SCP 1101 commanding the SMS-IP 1114 to probe the activity status of a mobile subscriber. This is done as shown at 1171 by a "Send Probe" command sent from the SCP to the IP s , the SMS-IP.
  • the SMS-IP 1114 sends a dummy SMS message to the Gateway MSC 1161 as shown at 1181.
  • dummy SMS message can be any syntactically-accurate SMS message.
  • the message is called a "dummy” message because it doesn't have to contain any specific content.
  • the dummy SMS message is thus akin to an empty envelope that is sent to an addressee for the purpose of verifying the existence or accuracy of an address.
  • the dummy SMS message is important for what it does or causes (i.e., activation of the message waiting function in a mobile subscribers HLR, as explained below) rather than for what it contains.
  • a dummy SMS message can be a real SMS message with null contents, or even a defective SMS message that would be rejected by a mobile subscriber if it were active.
  • the GMSC 1161 Upon receiving the dummy SMS message, the GMSC 1161 activates the storage of non-delivered messages to a mobile subscriber by enabling the Message Waiting Data List (MWD-List). The GMSC also acknowledges the arming of the PLMN to the SMS-IP 1114 as shown at 1182. The SMS-IP 1114 in turn notifies the SCP 1101 at 1172 that the "Send Probe" command has been successfully executed.
  • MWD-List Message Waiting Data List
  • the PLMN 1150 Upon the completion of the above actions, the PLMN 1150 has now been armed. When a previously inactive mobile subscriber becomes active, the notification of the renewed activity to HLR 1166 will now result in the triggering of an "Alert" command from the PLMN 1150 to the SMS-IP as shown at 1183. Upon receiving the alert from the GMSC 1161, the SMS-IP 1114 unilaterally generates a "Mailbox Status Report" notification to the SCP 1101 as shown at 1173.
  • FIG. 12 is a sequence diagram illustrating the flow of messages between the various logical entities of the present invention.
  • the subscriber activity monitoring process comprises two phases. In the first phase, upon a probed mobile subscriber not being active, the IN system components arm the PLMN system to generate an activity alert. In the second phase, the PLMN generates an alert to the SMS-IP when an unawarewhile inactive mobile subscriber becomes active in turn generating a "Mailbox Status Report" to its controlling SCP.
  • TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part
  • the process begins when an SCP attempts a dial-out and fails.
  • the SMS-IP 1114 upon receiving a "Send Probe Message" command from the SCP 1101 as shown at 1201, the SMS-IP 1114 in turn issues a "Probe SMS Sending" command at 1202 to the PLMN system 1150. This causes a flag to be activated in the queried recipient's HLR to indicate that the queried SMS-IP is to be notified when the mobile subscriber next becomes active.
  • the PLMN system 1150 activates the storage of undelivered messages to the subscriber by enabling the MWD-List.
  • the PLMN then notifies the SMS-IP 1114 by sending a "Message Waiting Set In PLMN" acknowledgment to the SMS-IP at 1203. This in turn is acknowledged by the SMS-IP 1114 back to the SCP 1101 at 1204.
  • the probe here is an SMS message which makes use of the "Message Waiting" feature of PLMN system that can create a MWD-List in the HLR to retain undelivered messages.
  • the PLMN 1205 issues an "Alert" notice to the SMS-IP 1114 at 1205.
  • The-SMS-IP 1114 in turn generates a "Mailbox Status Report” notification to the SCP 1101 as indicated at 1206. After this notification is received, all further action by the SCP is at its own discretion.
  • An IN service provider may wish to generate a subscriber activity report. Such a feature would permit an SCP to determine whether a specific mobile station is switched on or not.
  • a subscriber activity report of this kind would be particularly useful, for example, if a dial-out notification fails due to a desired mobile station being detached or out of memory. In such a case, it would be useful for the SCP to be able to monitor the activity of the mobile station in order to detect when the mobile station becomes reachable again.
  • the architecture of a standard cellular system presently includes a facility that causes the Home Location Register (HLR) to create a message waiting date list (MWD-List) if an SMS message cannot be delivered to a mobile subscriber. Consequently, it would be useful if this pre-existing feature of the cellular system can be utilized to solve the need to automatically generate a subscriber activity report.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • MWD-List message waiting date list
  • Mailboxes can exist for several different media, for example, voice mail, facsimile mail, e-mail, SMS, etc.
  • each medium and its associated mailbox is referred to as a logical IP.
  • logical IP In order to control the messages received by a subscriber in his mailbox, and to facilitate the notification to the SCP or the subscriber when the status of a subscriber's mailbox changes, it would be useful for an SCP to be informed about the status of a subscriber's mailboxes.
  • the present invention provides a solution for monitoring the activity of mobile subscribers, and consequently, to notify an SCP when renewed subscriber activity is detected.
  • the present invention does this by introducing two new procedures to the NIP-INAP: the "Send Probe” command which enables an SCP to order an SMS-IP to send a dummy SMS message to a mobile station in a PLMN system; and the "Mailbox Status Report” command which enables an IP to report to the SCP when the status of a specific mailbox has changed.
  • an IN node is generally unable to monitor an unreachable mobile station.
  • the present invention provides a networked solution based on the IN architecture by defining a protocol to enhance service revenues by increasing the successful message delivery rates.
  • Another aspect of the present invention enables an SCP to be updated about the status of a subscriber's mailboxes.
  • Two new procedures have been introduced to the NIP-INAP for this purpose: the "Mailbox Status Report” command which enables an IP to notify an SCP when the status of a specific mailbox has changed; and the "Mailbox Status Enquiry” command which enables an SCP to poll or query an IP about the status of a particular subscriber mailbox.
  • the spontaneous report by an IP of the change in mailbox status of a subscriber is implemented by using the "Mailbox Status Report" command.
  • the Mailbox Status Report is sent from an SMS-IP, IP s 1114 to the SCP 1101 upon any change of mailbox status as long as the change in status was not initiated or controlled by the SCP.
  • the SMS-IP generates a "Mailbox Status Report” message even if the SCP is in control.
  • the role of the SMS-IP can be played by any of the other Networked IPs 1111-1113.
  • IP s 1114 there may or may not be an ongoing dialogue between SCP 1101 and IP s 1114.
  • the IP s 1114 In order for the IP s 1114 to issue the "Mailbox Status Report" message to the SCP, the status of a subscriber's mailbox must change. After receipt of this command by the SCP 1101, further action is at the discretion of the SCP.
  • the SCP may obtain detailed information about the status of various messages using the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command that is discussed below.
  • the "Mailbox Status Enquiry” command is not essential to the operation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is discussed below for the sake of completeness.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show the sequence diagram when an SCP enquiries an IP about the status of a subscriber's mailbox. If IP s 1114 has reported a change in mailbox status to SCP 1101 using the "Mailbox Status Report" message discussed earlier, and if the SCP 1101 desires to obtain more or detailed information about a subscriber's mailbox or mailboxes, there are two possible outcomes, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • IP s 1114 can return the desired result to SCP 1101 as shown at 1402 without segmentation of the results. Likewise, if the SCP 1101 queries IP s 1114 for detailed information about mailbox status, and if no detailed information is available, then too the IP s 1114 returns the result in a unitary (i.e. unsegmented) message to SCP 1101 as shown at 1402.
  • IP s 1114 sends the information to SCP 1101 in multiple segments, as shown in FIG. 15.
  • the process starts with the SCP making a detailed enquiry of the IP s 1114 at 1501.
  • IP s 1114 sends part of the results to the SCP at 1502.
  • the SCP asks for the remaining information at 1503.
  • IP s provides another standard Return Result segment at 1504 and (optionally) indicates that still more information remains available.
  • the SCP may send a message to a particular recipient, or notify a mailbox owner of the results of the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command on his mailbox.
  • the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command can also be used to service a subscriber who enquires about the status of his or her mailbox or mailboxes. This is illustrated in FIG. 16 for the case when the returned result is not segmented, and in FIG. 17, when the returned result is segmented.
  • IP s 1114 returns the result of the enquiry to the SCP as shown at 1602 without segmentation of the results. Thereafter, further action is at the discretion of the SCP 1101.
  • FIG. 17 shows a sequence diagram when a user makes a detailed enquiry about the status of his mailbox.
  • SCP 1101 issues a "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command to IP s 1114, as shown at 1701, asking for detailed information about a particular mailbox or mailboxes.
  • IP s 1114 segments the results to be returned, and sends the first segment back to the SCP as shown at 1702 and indicates that more information remains available.
  • the SCP invokes the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command a second time at 1703 asking for some or part of the remaining information.
  • the IP s 1114 responds by returning the second result component to the SCP as shown at 1704 indicating that there is still more information available.
  • the SCP 1101 repeatedly issues the "Mailbox Status Enquiry" command to IP s 1114 as shown at 1705 until IP s 1114 transmits a Return Result component as shown at 1706 indicating that no more information is available.
  • the SCP then assembles and analyzes the segmented result components returned and performs further actions at its own discretion.
  • the "Mailbox Status Report” and "Mailbox Status Enquiry" commands make it possible to initiate an alert to the SCP or to a subscriber when the status of the subscriber's mailbox has changed and to centrally control all of a subscriber's different types of mailboxes despite the fact that they are located at physically and/or logically distinct IPs.
  • the present invention permits an SCP to monitor the activity of a presently-quiescent mobile station by introducing two new procedures: the "Send Probe” command which enables an SCP to order an SMS-IP to probe the activity status of a mobile subscriber in a PLMN and the "Mailbox Status Report” notification which enables an SCP to be notified when a subscriber's mailbox status changes.
  • SMS-IP a specific IP IP s 1114, referred to as the SMS-IP, is used for the exchange of messages between an IN node and a PLMN subscriber.
  • the actual exchange can take place from an SMS-IP, from any IP supporting SMS messages, or from any other IP containing the necessary processing power and system resources.
  • FIG. 18 shows the sequence diagram when the SCP probes the activity status of a mobile subscriber.
  • the "Send Probe" command makes use of the pre-existing feature in second-generation PLMN systems that causes the Home Location Register (HLR) in the PLMN to create a Message Waiting Data List (MWD-List) whenever a message cannot be delivered to a subscriber.
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • MWD-List Message Waiting Data List
  • the process begins as shown at 1851 with the SCP 1101 issuing a "Send Probe" message to an SMS-IP 1114.
  • the SMS-IP 1114 in turn sends a dummy SMS message to the unreachable MS in the PLMN 1150, as shown at 1852. Since the MS is unreachable, the HLR corresponding to the MS in the PLMN 1150 creates an MWD-List for the recipient of the dummy SMS message.
  • the PLMN acting through the SMS Gateway MSC, acknowledges the activation of the MWD-List to the SMS-IP 1115 as shown at 1853.
  • This report of successful completion is forwarded in an appropriate format by the SMS-IP 1114 to the SCP 1101 as shown at 1854.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 show the finite state machines for the SCP 1101 and the SMS-IP 1114 of the present invention.
  • the states of the machine are symbolized with an oval, while events causing state transitions are drawn by continuous arrows.
  • Functions are depicted within broken rectangles, while actions ordered by the functions are indicated by broken arrows.
  • FIG. 19 shows the finite state machine for the SCP.
  • the SCP has two states: the Idle state 1901 and the Active state 1902.
  • the SCP goes from the Idle state 1901 to the Active state 1902 upon issuing a "Send Probe" command to the SMS-IP 1114, as shown at 1911.
  • the SCP goes from the Active state 1902 to the Idle state 1901 as shown at 1912 upon normal termination of the dialogue between the SCP and the IPs, if a dialogue were rejected due to the presence of improper components, if a dialogue is aborted from either side or if the operation is timed out.
  • the SCP 1101 loops (i.e. remains) in the Active state 1902 without any state transition as shown at 1913 upon the receipt of the results of the "Send Probe" message from the SMS-IP 1114.
  • FIG. 20 shows the finite state machine from the IP side.
  • the SMS-IP has two principal states: the Idle state 2001 and the Active state 2002. There is also one additional quasi-state: the PLMN Probe Handling state 2021.
  • the SMS-IP 1114 goes from Idle state 2001 to the Active state 2002 upon receiving the "Send Probe” command from the SCP 1101, as shown at 2011.
  • An IP transitions from the Active state 2002 to the Idle state 2001 as shown at 2012 upon normal termination of the dialogue with the SCP or upon rejection of an offered result by the SCP or upon an abort of the dialogue between an SCP and IP from either side.
  • SMS-IP 1114 receives the "Send Probe” command
  • the transition from the Idle state 2001 to the Active state 2002 is additionally accompanied by the transmission of the Mobile Terminated Probe Message to the PLMN probe handler as shown at 2013 and the return of the results of the same as shown at 2014.
  • the SMS-IP loops i.e. remains) in the Active state 2002 upon returning the results of the "Send Probe” message back to the SCP as shown at 2015.
US08/723,620 1996-08-30 1996-10-03 System and method for subscriber activity supervision Expired - Lifetime US6058303A (en)

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US08/723,620 US6058303A (en) 1996-08-30 1996-10-03 System and method for subscriber activity supervision
CN97199252.5A CN1235737A (zh) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 监督用户活动的系统和方法
JP51153898A JP4103966B2 (ja) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 加入者活動を管理するシステムおよび方法
AU38745/97A AU721003B2 (en) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 System and method for subscriber activity supervision
CA002264252A CA2264252C (en) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 System and method for subscriber activity supervision
DE69735720T DE69735720T2 (de) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 Verfahren, system und vorrichtung zur überwachung von teilnehmerbetribsamkeit
PCT/SE1997/001370 WO1998009464A2 (en) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 System and method for subscriber activity supervision
EP97935964A EP0922366B1 (de) 1996-08-30 1997-08-20 Verfahren, system und vorrichtung zur überwachung von teilnehmerbetribsamkeit

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