US6053125A - Cat litter and process of making - Google Patents
Cat litter and process of making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6053125A US6053125A US09/085,771 US8577198A US6053125A US 6053125 A US6053125 A US 6053125A US 8577198 A US8577198 A US 8577198A US 6053125 A US6053125 A US 6053125A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- density particles
- animal litter
- mixture
- heavy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003621 hammer milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBHODFSFBXJZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl DBHODFSFBXJZNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004240 Triticum spelta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004698 dichlorobenzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to disposable cat litter and a method of making the same. More particularly, the invention relates to a cat litter formed primarily of corncob grit and sized pellets of corncob chaff and pith and a method for producing the same.
- Corncob grit has been used as animal litter for some time. Grit is the woody pulp portion of the cob, the remainder of the cob being pith and chaff. Corncob grit is used as litter because it is compostable, biodegradable, and has superior odor control properties. However, only 60% of the cob is grit, so the remaining 40% of the cob is waste. Additionally, the sorption rate of grit is not fast enough to absorb all of the urine before it reaches the bottom of the tray. When urine reaches the bottom of the tray, it collects and bonds litter to the tray as it dries. Accordingly, it would be desirable to produce a litter which has superior odor control and sorption rate.
- the particles of the bentonite clay adhere together and form a clump when moistened by animal dross.
- the clump of the moistened litter may then be easily removed from the litter box with a scoop and discarded, thereby extending the useful life of a batch of litter.
- bentonite clay used in clumpable cat litter contains mica. Mica is carcinogenic, accordingly, use of such a compound raises health concerns for both the animal concerned and the person changing the litter.
- an animal litter formed of a mixture of heavy density and light density particles has been developed.
- Both the heavy density and light density particles are formed of natural materials which are biodegradable and compostable.
- the heavy density particles are formed of corncob grit and the light density particles are formed of pelletized corncob chaff and pith or other natural materials.
- the litter is composed of 30% to 70% by weight of the heavy density particles which have a density of about 30 lb/cu ft.
- the remainder of the litter is light density particles having a density of about 23 lb/cu ft.
- the light density particles are formed from pellets of corncob chaff and pith. Both types of particles are reduced to a predetermined size distribution by roller milling and hammer milling techniques.
- the method includes reducing to size and screening the heavy density material, forming the pellets of light density material having a predetermined density, reducing to size and screening the sized pellets and forming a homogenous mixture. Additionally, mineral oil and guar gum may be added to coat the particles to reduce dust and improve the integrity of the clump.
- the animal litter according to the invention has excellent odor control, light weight for given volume, better sorption properties than clay materials, and excellent clumping characteristics.
- the material is essentially dust free, totally free of carcinogens, and has an aesthetically appealing color.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective drawing of animal litter in a tray in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of particles of the animal litter in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the steps of the method in accordance with the invention.
- clumpable animal litter 10 in accordance with the invention is shown in a litter box 20.
- the animal litter is a mixture of heavy density particles 12 and light density particles 14. Both types of particles 12, 14 are formed of organic materials.
- the heavy density particles 12 are formed of corncob grit 13, i.e., the woody ring portion of a corncob, and the light density particles 14 are formed of sized pellets 15 of the light portions of the corncob.
- the light portions of the corncob are coarse chaff, fine chaff, and pith which constitute approximately 40% of the corncob by weight.
- the heavy density particles 12 are formed by reducing corncob grit to size by using conventional hammer milling and roller milling techniques.
- the heavy density particles have a density of about 30 ⁇ 3 lb/cu ft.
- the grit particles are screened to be generally 10-30 mesh with about 90% of the particles sized 10-20 mesh (U.S. Standard). A preferred distribution is set forth below.
- the size of the particles affects both the tracking and clumping characteristics of the animal litter. Heavier density and/or larger sized particles are less likely to adhere to the animal and be tracked.
- the light density particles 14 are formed from pellets of beeswing or other natural materials.
- the pellets of chaff and pith are formed in accordance with the process described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,389 in such a manner as to form pellets having a density of approximately 28 to 35 lb/cu ft.
- the pellets are reduced to an appropriate size by roller milling and hammer milling.
- the light density particles 14 After sizing, the light density particles 14 have a density of about 23 ⁇ 3 lb/cu ft.
- the light density particles 14 are screened to be generally 10-60 mesh (USS). In the preferred embodiment, 78% of the particles are 14-40 mesh (U.S. Standard). A typical size distribution for light density particles 14 is shown in the chart below.
- the animal litter is then formed of a mixture of heavy density and light density particles 12, 14 so that between 30% to 70% by weight of the mixture is heavy grit particles 12 and the remainder of the mixture is between 70% to 30% by weight, light weight particles 14.
- the mixture is 60% by weight heavy density particles 12 and 40% by weight light density particles 14. This proportion is generally the same as the proportion of heavy weight components or grit to lightweight components or chaff and pith found in a corncob.
- the mixture is economical because there is little or no waste.
- the mixture has a combined density of approximately 28 lb/cu ft ⁇ 3 lb/cu ft. It has been found that this mixture provides an appropriate balance of densities and sizes to minimize tracking, and maximize animal urine sorption, and clumpability.
- the particle size distribution set forth above provides excellent clumping and a proper urine sorption rate. If the size of the particles is either too large or too small, the clumping ability is negatively affected. The slightly smaller average size of the light density material facilitates clumping with the larger heavy density material.
- the clump 22 of litter disintegrates in the water of a toilet and is easily flushed away. If a clump 22 is not to be flushed, it will remain formed as a clump for other manners of disposal.
- the other organic materials include grasses, straw, soy hulls, sunflower hulls, oat hulls, rice hulls, corn stalks, pecan shells, corn husks, spelt hulls, or kenaf. These materials may be added at up to one-third by weight of either the heavy weight or light weight corncob particles.
- the other materials should be sized and have sorption rates or densities generally the same as the particles which are being replaced. However, these other materials do not have the odor control ability of the corncob components.
- both the heavy density particles 12 and light density particles 14 are provided with a coating 16 of oil.
- the coating 16 is mineral oil and is added as 4% by weight of the total weight of the particles 12, 14.
- the oil eliminates dust during mixing, handling, packaging, and use.
- Other oils such as kerosene, mineral seal oil, vegetable oils, or any of a series of paraffinic or naphthinic distillates may also be used.
- the integrity of the clump is maintained by adding particles 18 of guar gum.
- the clumping agent 18 is guar gum. Guar gum is added to be in the range of 3 to 7% by weight of the total weight of the heavy and light weight particles 12, 14 and preferably about 5% by weight. The particle size distribution and viscosity of the guar gum is critical to achieve good clumping. In the preferred embodiment, 95% of the guar gum particles are smaller than 200 mesh (U.S. Standard).
- the viscosity of the guar gum should be more than 4500 cps in a 1% aqueous solution after 24 hours. Although the guar gum can be in the range of 3% to 7% of the total weight, lesser amounts of clumping agent 18 result in crumbly or less manageable clumps for disposal and greater amounts of clumping agent result in excessive firmness of the clumps.
- an odor control agent to prolong the life of cellulosic-based litters may be added at 0 to 1% of weight of the mixture.
- an odor control material and fragrance as well as a bactericide such as Myacide S2 produced by Angus Chemical, may be added.
- the corncob grit is subjected to roller milling and hammer milling and screened to form the proper size distribution as set forth above.
- the light weight corncob components are formed in pellets according to a suitable method such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,389.
- the pellets are formed to have a density of approximately 28-35 lb/cu ft.
- the pellets are then reduced to the appropriate size by roller milling and hammer milling techniques and screened to obtain the light density particles 14.
- a predetermined amount of at least 30% by weight of the heavy weight particles 14 and the remainder to be light density particles are placed in a low shear, fluidizing mixer.
- the mixer should impart no shear or heat to the mixture.
- the mixer is run sufficiently long, such as 15-20 seconds, to provide a homogenous mixture.
- the oil is added to fully coat the particles.
- the oil is added to the mixer in an amount from 0% to 6%, preferably 4%, of the weight of the mixture of particles. It has been found that the oil facilitates the adherence of the guar gum as well as reducing dust.
- the next step is adding the guar gum to the mixture and thoroughly blending the mixture. During the mixing process, the guar gum adheres to the cob particles 12, 14. It has been found that the uniform covering of the oil on the corncob particles facilitates the adherence of the guar gum to the cob particles 12, 14.
- the odor control material with fragrance is then added at a rate of 2 to 3 lb/ton of cob components and thoroughly blended. Additionally, at this time fungicide, bactericides or other odor control materials may be added.
- the litter 10 is then thoroughly blended and is ready for packaging in bags, jugs, boxes, etc.
- the litter thus produced is biodegradable and compostable and made from a renewable resource which is free of carcinogens.
- the litter is half the weight for a given volume of conventional clay litter which makes handling of the litter easier.
- the litter has better sorption than clay materials and excellent clumping characteristics, making it easy to remove the urine from the litter pan.
- the litter is essentially free of dust and has excellent odor control properties.
- the blend produces a litter with a minimal amount of tracking compared with previous litters.
- the color of the litter is aesthetically appealing.
- the color is controlled by the combination of light color of the heavy portion of the cob and the darker color of the light density components of the cob.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
______________________________________ GRIT PARTICLES OR HEAVY DENSITY PARTICLES ______________________________________ Screen Size +10 10-14 14-20 20-30 30-40 -40 % by weight <1 39 50 10 1 <1 ______________________________________
______________________________________ LIGHT DENSITY PARTICLES ______________________________________ Screen +10 10-14 14-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 -80 Size % by 0 10 43 35 10 2 <1 weight ______________________________________
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/085,771 US6053125A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1998-05-28 | Cat litter and process of making |
CA002290610A CA2290610C (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1998-06-03 | Cat litter and process of making |
PCT/US1998/011380 WO1998054956A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1998-06-03 | Cat litter and process of making |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4851897P | 1997-06-04 | 1997-06-04 | |
US09/085,771 US6053125A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1998-05-28 | Cat litter and process of making |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6053125A true US6053125A (en) | 2000-04-25 |
Family
ID=26726210
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/085,771 Expired - Lifetime US6053125A (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1998-05-28 | Cat litter and process of making |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6053125A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2290610C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998054956A1 (en) |
Cited By (42)
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WO2002042546A2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-30 | Pet Care Systems, Inc. | Ground grain animal litter |
WO2003032714A2 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-24 | Malcolm Macquoid | Bio-degradable pet litter made from coconut coir |
US20030121802A1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-07-03 | Macquoid Malcolm | Method for disposing of oils, fats, and greases |
US20040025422A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2004-02-12 | Macquoid Malcolm | Pelletized coconut coir and method of use |
US20040078048A1 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2004-04-22 | De Almeida Jose Represas | Absorbent composition of matter for odoriferouse substances and releaser of diverse active ingredients and articles incorporating same |
US20050028839A1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-10 | Macquoid Malcolm | Method for cleaning fluid spills using biodegradable absorbent material and for transporting the same |
US20050132968A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-23 | Swank Richard B. | Agglomerated animal litter and manufacturing process for the same |
US20050160996A1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2005-07-28 | Weaver William R. | Clumping animal litter and method for making same |
US20060078733A1 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2006-04-13 | Jassan Genaro C | Absorbent composition of matter for controlled release of essential oils |
US20060169215A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Nature's Earth Products Inc. | Clumping animal litter composition and method of producing the same |
WO2006096874A2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Hercules Incorporated | Clumping, non-dusting calcium carbonate-based animal litter |
US20060204621A1 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | Piepenbrink Arthur W | Hot cooking liquids absorbing container |
US20070012259A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Ellis Douglas E | Bright white and colored absorbant particulate |
US20070276053A1 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2007-11-29 | Aproa Asesores S.C. | Soap Product with Absorbent Composition of Matter for Controlled Release of an Active Ingredient |
US20070298583A1 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2007-12-27 | Macronix International Co., Ltd. | Method for forming a shallow trench isolation region |
US20100180501A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2010-07-22 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed Coconut Coir Pith Granules and Methods for the Production and use Thereof |
US20100300368A1 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-02 | American Pellet Supply Llc | Pellets and briquets from compacted biomass |
US20120006276A1 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-12 | Brandt Russell L | Cat Litter Formulation |
US8256160B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2012-09-04 | Rubin Patti D | Compressed growing medium |
EP2554046A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-06 | Lamberti SPA | Pet litter |
US20130180459A1 (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-07-18 | Yimin Zhang | Compositions useful as animal litter |
WO2013126455A1 (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-29 | Kent Nutrition Group, Inc. | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method of removal of animal waste |
US20130220227A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-08-29 | Robert J. Hecking | Corncob Based Animal Litters |
US8720375B2 (en) | 2012-05-17 | 2014-05-13 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Clay-based superior animal litter |
US8734768B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2014-05-27 | Grain Processing Corporation | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
US20140165921A1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-06-19 | Sorptek, LLC | Organically based animal litter and manufacturing process |
US8950360B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2015-02-10 | Kent Pet Group, Inc. | Odor-absorbing materials and processes for their preparation and use |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2290610C (en) | 2009-09-29 |
WO1998054956A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
CA2290610A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
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