US604580A - Process of and apparatus for alloying iron and hydrogen - Google Patents
Process of and apparatus for alloying iron and hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- US604580A US604580A US604580DA US604580A US 604580 A US604580 A US 604580A US 604580D A US604580D A US 604580DA US 604580 A US604580 A US 604580A
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- hydrogen
- coil
- steam
- converter
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 104
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 44
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- XXGJRAFLOAKNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular hydrogen Chemical compound C.[H][H] XXGJRAFLOAKNCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009618 Bessemer process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/06—Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof
Definitions
- I produce a new alloy composed of iron and hydrogen in condition to be worked either by forging or by casting.
- the apparatus by which it may be produced is somewhat similar in operation to the familiar means of producing steel credited to Henry Bessemer in so far as the meltingof the iron and blowing a gas up through it is concerned. I, however, thus blow up hydrogen alternately with vapor of naphtha.
- the alloy possesses extraordinary properties in resisting oxidation and corrosion. It is unaffected even by sulfuric acid or aqua regia. It can be worked by tools in the same manner as iron. Its specific gravity is somewhat less; but it possesses nearly the strength of iron.
- Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line 1 1 in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of a portion of the apparatus in Fig. 1.
- A is a pipe bringing steam from a boiler (not represented) at a sufficiently high pressure to enable it to rise through melted iron of the required depth.
- A is a series of convolutions in such pipe, heated by a fire in the furnace O below to a temperature about 1,500 Fahrenheit. I will for brevity term this a coil.
- B is a valve which controls the flow of the steam from the boiler to the coil
- D is a second valve which controls the delivery of the contents of the pipe into the base of the converter.
- E is a converter represented as stationary; but it may be arranged to tilt on trunnions like the ordinary Bessemer converter, if preferred in any case.
- the converter being properly heated in advance by ordinary means and the fire in the furnace F below being kept up, the hydrogen is allowed to flow past the valve D and to rise through the apertures e in the false floor or bottom E and escape through the stack E
- the apparatus presents a thick coating of fire-brick or other refractory non-conducting material to maintain the heat and a lining of ganister or other suitable material to maintain the integrity of the interior.
- the conditions may in all points not otherwise described be as in treating iron with air under corresponding high pressure in the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel.
- a hydrocarbon-inlet pipe M leads from a vessel, which for convenience may be the small vessel N,at an elevation of about twentyfive feet above the coil A.
- a vessel which for convenience may be the small vessel N,at an elevation of about twentyfive feet above the coil A.
- I place one (1) quart of naphtha, about (35 to 7 0 Baum, and tightly close the vessel N, the descent of the naphtha being controlled bya cock 0.
- the pressure of steam in the coil A in the converter-bottom and beyond is controlled by the valve B. Such pressure is maintained at about forty pounds, except for a short period.
- valve B After the operation is continued about two (2) hours this valve B is so far closed that the pressure in the coils is lowered to about ten (10) pounds per square inch and the cock 0 is opened, allowing the naphtha to descend through the pipe M and enter the coil A. This condition is maintained for about twenty (20) minutes, when the naphtha will be found to have nearly or quite alldescended. Nowthe cock 0 is closed and the valve 13 is again set wide open, restoring the full steam-pressure in the apparatus, and this condition is maintained for forty (40) minutes or until the end of the operation. The entire treatment will occupy about three (3) hours under ordinary conditions. The melted iron absorbs the hydrogen and forms my alloy.
- the temperature should be about 2,800 Fahrenheit and the depth of the melted iron should be about fifteen ('15) inches.
- the hydrogen may be shut off by closing the valve D and the melted metal allowed to descend through the passages 6 into the lower part of the converter, and the tap E being opened it is drawn out and may be cast into pigs or into any desired useful or merchantable forms. It may be subsequently melted and recast, like cast-iron.
- My alloy may be changed by puddling in the same manner as ordinary iron, and it may be afterward forged and rolled in the same manner as ordinary wrought-iron.
- the treatment of the steam in the convolutions E of the pipe E is the mode which I consider most desirable for producing hydrogen from steam in the liberal quantities and at the pressures required.
- the interior of the coil A may be subsequently deoxidized by flowing a hydrocarbon through the same at a proper temperature, as has long been practiced by myself and others.
- the hydrogen for my treatment may be produced by other means than the decomposition of steam.
- the purest iron and steel and the richest pounds of water into steam before it enters the coil A is sufficient for the alloying of two thousand (2,000) pounds of iron or steel and of the metallic yield of the ores of iron in proportion to their composition.
- the process described of manufacturing an alloy of iron and hydrogen, the same consisting in first passing jets of hydrogen through a mass of melted metal and thereafter similarly circulating hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapor combined, substantially as herein specified.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(Specimens.)
G. W. GESNER. PROCESS 0]? AND APPARATUS FOR ALLOYING IRON AND HYDROGEN.
Patented May 24,1898,
IN VE N T01? 4M MZWW ,4 TTORNE) i FT] WITNESSQES:
illnrrnn Srnrns a'rnnrr Orrrcn.
GEORGE W. GESNER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO I-IARLESTON OORBETT GESNER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW? YORK.
PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ALLOYING IRON AND HYDROGEN.
SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 604,580, dated May 24, 1898.
Application filed December 10, 1895. Renewed November 4, 1897. Serial No. 657,426. (Specimens-l To ctZZ whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, GEORGE WELTDEN Gns- NER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Metallurgy, of which the following is a specification.
I produce a new alloy composed of iron and hydrogen in condition to be worked either by forging or by casting. The apparatus by which it may be produced is somewhat similar in operation to the familiar means of producing steel credited to Henry Bessemer in so far as the meltingof the iron and blowing a gas up through it is concerned. I, however, thus blow up hydrogen alternately with vapor of naphtha.
The alloy possesses extraordinary properties in resisting oxidation and corrosion. It is unaffected even by sulfuric acid or aqua regia. It can be worked by tools in the same manner as iron. Its specific gravity is somewhat less; but it possesses nearly the strength of iron.
My experiments indicate that the union of the hydrogen with the iron is stable and will remain under all ordinary or extraordinary conditions to which it may be subjected.
The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and represent what 1 consider the bestmeans of carrying out the invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line 1 1 in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of a portion of the apparatus in Fig. 1.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both the figures.
A is a pipe bringing steam from a boiler (not represented) at a sufficiently high pressure to enable it to rise through melted iron of the required depth.
A is a series of convolutions in such pipe, heated by a fire in the furnace O below to a temperature about 1,500 Fahrenheit. I will for brevity term this a coil.
B is a valve which controls the flow of the steam from the boiler to the coil, and D is a second valve which controls the delivery of the contents of the pipe into the base of the converter. The effect of the apparatus, so far as yet described, is to decompose the steam, the oxygen going to line the interior of the coil A with oxid of iron, while the hydrogen thus liberated moves forward. When the op eration is properly conducted, free hydrogen alone in the first part of the treatment and the same with hydrocarbon vapor at .a later stage is delivered past the valve D into the base of the converter.
E is a converter represented as stationary; but it may be arranged to tilt on trunnions like the ordinary Bessemer converter, if preferred in any case. The converter being properly heated in advance by ordinary means and the fire in the furnace F below being kept up, the hydrogen is allowed to flow past the valve D and to rise through the apertures e in the false floor or bottom E and escape through the stack E Now No. 1 iron, or, preferably, scrap iron or steel, in a fluid condition,at a very high tem perature,as far above the ordinary melting-point as is conveniently attainable, is introduced through the charging-nozzle E and the hydrogen is blown up through the melted mass lying on the false bottom.
It will be understood that the apparatus presents a thick coating of fire-brick or other refractory non-conducting material to maintain the heat and a lining of ganister or other suitable material to maintain the integrity of the interior. The conditions may in all points not otherwise described be as in treating iron with air under corresponding high pressure in the Bessemer process for the manufacture of steel.
A hydrocarbon-inlet pipe M leads from a vessel, which for convenience may be the small vessel N,at an elevation of about twentyfive feet above the coil A. In this for each batch of one ton of melted iron I place one (1) quart of naphtha, about (35 to 7 0 Baum, and tightly close the vessel N, the descent of the naphtha being controlled bya cock 0.
The pressure of steam in the coil A in the converter-bottom and beyond is controlled by the valve B. Such pressure is maintained at about forty pounds, except for a short period.
After the operation is continued about two (2) hours this valve B is so far closed that the pressure in the coils is lowered to about ten (10) pounds per square inch and the cock 0 is opened, allowing the naphtha to descend through the pipe M and enter the coil A. This condition is maintained for about twenty (20) minutes, when the naphtha will be found to have nearly or quite alldescended. Nowthe cock 0 is closed and the valve 13 is again set wide open, restoring the full steam-pressure in the apparatus, and this condition is maintained for forty (40) minutes or until the end of the operation. The entire treatment will occupy about three (3) hours under ordinary conditions. The melted iron absorbs the hydrogen and forms my alloy. As nearly as I have been able to determine, aided by a great number of small experiments, the temperature should be about 2,800 Fahrenheit and the depth of the melted iron should be about fifteen ('15) inches. When the iron ceases to absorb the hydrogen, the fact is indicated by a yellow color in the flame escaping from the stack E When this stage is reached, the hydrogen may be shut off by closing the valve D and the melted metal allowed to descend through the passages 6 into the lower part of the converter, and the tap E being opened it is drawn out and may be cast into pigs or into any desired useful or merchantable forms. It may be subsequently melted and recast, like cast-iron.
My alloy may be changed by puddling in the same manner as ordinary iron, and it may be afterward forged and rolled in the same manner as ordinary wrought-iron.
I ascribe to the treatment with naphtha at one stage in the process an important duty in absorbing and carrying away any oxygen which may by any chance be present in the alloy.
Modificationsmay be made without departing from the principle or sacrificing the advantages of the invention.
It will be understood that the treatment of the steam in the convolutions E of the pipe E is the mode which I consider most desirable for producing hydrogen from steam in the liberal quantities and at the pressures required. The interior of the coil A may be subsequently deoxidized by flowing a hydrocarbon through the same at a proper temperature, as has long been practiced by myself and others. The hydrogen for my treatment may be produced by other means than the decomposition of steam.
Ican treat ores of iron and produce my alloy at the same time that the iron is first reduced from the ore to the metallic state. To effect this, I use a converter or equivalent nonconducting vessel with provisions for admitting a gaseous blast and for discharging the finished product, charging the converter with fuel, iron ores, and flux in the proportions indicated by the chemical composition of each.
The purest iron and steel and the richest pounds of water into steam before it enters the coil A is sufficient for the alloying of two thousand (2,000) pounds of iron or steel and of the metallic yield of the ores of iron in proportion to their composition.
I will use the word iron in the claims to include steel.
Carbon and very likely many other elements usually associated with iron may be present also in my alloy, producing their ordinary effects without seriously injuring the properties of the alloy.
I do not herein claim the subject-matter of this application except as referred to in the succeeding claims, but I reserve the right to cover the same in a distinct pending application filed by me March 10, 1896, Serial No. 582,600.
I claim as my invention 1. The process described of manufacturing an alloy of iron and hydrogen, the same consisting in first passing jets of hydrogen through a mass of melted metal and thereafter similarly circulating hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapor combined, substantially as herein specified.
2. The process described of manufacturing an alloy of iron and hydrogen, the same consisting in first passing jets of hydrogen through a mass of melted metal, subsequently similarly circulating hydrogen and hydrocarbon vapor combined, and thereafter resuming the introduction of hydrogen alone until the flame at the top of the mass indicates a yellowish hue, substantially as herein specified.
3. In apparatus for the production of an alloy of iron and hydrogen, the combination with a furnace inclosing an iron coil communicating with a source of steam-supply and capable of decomposing the steam to form hydrogen under pressure, of a converter havin g a chamber for a mass of melted metal provided with a perforated bed, and a communication between the coil and converter below the bed of the latter, the connections at both sides of said coil having suitable controlling-valves, substantially as herein specified.
4;. In apparatus for the production of an alloy of iron and hydrogen, the combination with a furnace inclosing an iron coil communicating with a source of steam-supply and capable of decomposing the steam to form hydrogen under pressure, of a converter havinga chamber for a mass of melted metal, provided with a perforated bed, a communication between the coil and converter below the bed of the latter, and a hydrocarbon-supply above set forth I affix my signature in presconneeting with the coil, the several connecenoe of two Witnesses. tions of the coil with the steam and hydrocarbon supply and with the converter having GEORGE N 5 suitable controlling-Valves, substantially as WVitnesses:
specified. J. B. OLAUTIOE, In testimony that I claim the invention M. F. BOYLE.
Publications (1)
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US604580A true US604580A (en) | 1898-05-24 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326670A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1967-06-20 | Billy B Bratton | Steelmaking process |
-
0
- US US604580D patent/US604580A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326670A (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1967-06-20 | Billy B Bratton | Steelmaking process |
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