US6013474A - Calcium channel compositions and methods - Google Patents

Calcium channel compositions and methods Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US6013474A
US6013474A US08/884,599 US88459997A US6013474A US 6013474 A US6013474 A US 6013474A US 88459997 A US88459997 A US 88459997A US 6013474 A US6013474 A US 6013474A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
leu
alpha
val
ala
ile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US08/884,599
Inventor
Steven Bradley Ellis
Mark E. Williams
Michael Miller Harpold
Arnold Schwartz
Robert Brenner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck and Co Inc
Original Assignee
SIBIA Neurosciences Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/914,231 external-priority patent/US5407820A/en
Application filed by SIBIA Neurosciences Inc filed Critical SIBIA Neurosciences Inc
Priority to US08/884,599 priority Critical patent/US6013474A/en
Assigned to MERCK & CO., INC. reassignment MERCK & CO., INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIBIA NEUROSCIENCES, INC.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6013474A publication Critical patent/US6013474A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6897—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids involving reporter genes operably linked to promoters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/158—Expression markers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to molecular biology and pharmacology.
  • the invention relates to calcium channel compositions and methods of making and using same.
  • Calcium channels are membrane-spanning, multisubunit proteins that allow controlled entry of Ca +2 ions into cells from the extracellular fluid. All cells throughout the animal kingdom, and at least some bacterial, fungal and plant cells, possess one or more types of calcium channel.
  • the most common type of calcium channel is voltage-dependent.
  • the "opening" to allow an influx of Ca +2 ions into the cells to begin requires a depolarization to a certain level of the potential difference between the inside of the cell bearing the channel and the extracellular medium bathing the cell and the rate of influx of Ca +2 into the cell depends on this potential difference.
  • All "excitable" cells in animals such as neurons of the central nervous systems, peripheral nerve cells, and muscle cells, including those of skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and venous and arterial smooth muscles, have voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  • Calcium channels are physiologically important because the channels have a central role in regulating intracellular Ca +2 levels and these levels are important for cell viability and function.
  • intracellular Ca +2 concentrations are implicated in a number of vital processes in animals, such as neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, pacemaker activity, and secretion of hormones and other substances.
  • a number of compounds useful in treating various diseases in animals, including humans, are thought to exert their beneficial effects by modulating functions of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Many of these compounds bind to calcium channels and block, or reduce the rate of, influx of Ca +2 into cells in response to depolarization of the inside and outside of the cells.
  • Certain diseases such as Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, involve autoimmune interactions with calcium channels.
  • the ready availability of calcium channel subunits would make possible immunoassays for the diagnosis of such diseases and an understanding of them at the molecular level that could lead to effective methods for treating them.
  • nucleotides of a cDNA encoding a subunit of a calcium channel from the cells of a tissue of an animal would make possible the isolation and cloning of cDNA's, and possibly genomic DNA'S, coding for the corresponding subunit of different calcium channels from the same or different tissues and animals of the same or different species.
  • Voltage-dependent calcium channels are thought to consist of two large subunits, of between about 130 and about 200 kilodaltons ("kD") in molecular weight, and a number (generally thought to be one or three) of different smaller subunits, of less than about 60 kD in molecular weight. At least one of the larger subunits and possibly some of the smaller are glycosylated. Some of the subunits are capable of being phosphorylated. There is confusion in the art concerning the naming of the various subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  • the two large subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels are designated herein the "(alpha) 1 -subunit” and the "(alpha) 2 -subunit”.
  • the (alpha) 1 -subunit is not detectably changed in molecular weight when treated with dithiothreitol ("DTT") or with enzymes which catalyze removal of N-linked sugar groups from glycosylated proteins.
  • the (alpha) 1 -subunit has a molecular weight of about 150 to about 170 kD when analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate (“SDS”)-polyacrylamide gel electrophresis (“PAGE”) after isolation from mammalian muscle tissue and has specific binding sites for various 1,4-dihydropyridines (“DHPs”) and phenylalkylamines.
  • SDS sodium dodecylsulfate
  • PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophresis
  • the (alpha) 2 -subunit is somewhat less well characterized than the (alpha) 1 -subunit.
  • the molecular weight of the (alpha) 2 -subunit is at least about 130-150 kD, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis in the presence of DTT after isolation from mammalian muscle tissue. However, in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions (in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide), the (alpha) 2 -subunit migrates with a band of about 160-190 kD.
  • the smaller fragment (of about 30 kD), which appears to be released upon reduction, is the product of a gene different from the gene which encodes the 130-150 kD fragment (and, consequently, the two fragments are different subunits of the calcium channel) or whether both fragments are products of the same gene (and, consequently, the (alpha) 2 -subunit is about 160-190 kD and is split into (at least) two fragments upon reduction).
  • Reference herein to the precursor of an (alpha) 1 -subunit means the protein with the amino acid sequence corresponding to the sequence of the full-length mRNA which, upon translation, results, ultimately, in (alpha) 1 -subunit resident as part of a calcium channel in a cell membrane.
  • the precursor protein is converted by various processing steps into the (alpha) 1 -subunit. The details of the processing between the precursor and the mature (alpha) 1 -subunit are not clear, but the processing possibly involves phosphorylation and also cleavage of the primary translation product to yield the mature (alpha) 1 -subunit of the calcium channel.
  • reference herein to the precursor of an (alpha) 2 -subunit means the protein with the amino acid sequence corresponding to the sequence of the full-length mRNA which, upon translation, results, ultimately, in (alpha) 2 -subunit resident as part of a calcium channel in a cell membrane.
  • the precursor protein is converted by various processing steps into the (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • the details of the processing between the precursor and the mature (alpha) 2 -subunit are not clear, but the processing presumably involves at least removal of a leader sequence (i.e., a signal peptide), glycosylation, and, possibly, cleavage to yield what are now thought to be other subunits of the calcium channel.
  • Calcium channel activity measured electrophysiologically by voltage-clamp techniques, has been induced in Xenopus laevis oocytes when total mRNA isolated from mammalian brain and cardiac muscle is injected into the oocytes. Also, it has been reported that calcium channel-containing preparations, when reconstituted into lipid bilayers, confer voltage-dependent calcium channel activity on the bilayers.
  • FIG. 1 sets forth the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the (alpha) 1 -subunit of the rabbit skeletal calcium channel and the amino acid sequence encoded by the 5,619 nucleotide open reading frame, which encodes a sequence of 1,873 amino acids.
  • the 3' non-coding sequence of the cDNA is 234 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly (dA) tract, and contains a consensus polyadenylation signal ATTAAA (nucleotides 5832-5837) 17 nucleotides upstream from the poly (dA) tract.
  • FIG. 2 sets forth the 3,802 nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the rabbit skeletal calcium channel (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • the figure includes the nucleotides of the cDNA that encodes the (alpha) 2 -subunit precursor, including the 308 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated sequence, the 3,318 nucleotide open reading frame and 176 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence.
  • the signal peptide of the (alpha) 2 -subunit is shown as the first 26 negatively numbered amino acids.
  • FIG. 3 compares the sequences of the DNA encoding the human neuronal (alpha) 2 -subunit with that encoding the rabbit skeletal (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • the boxes in the figures enclose transmembrane regions.
  • the symbol, P denotes a phosphorylation site and the symbol, *, indicates a N-glycosylation site.
  • the invention is a DNA which comprises a cDNA which codes for the (alpha) 2 -subunit of an animal calcium channel, and the RNA, coding for such a subunit, made upon transcription of such a DNA according to the invention.
  • the invention is a substantially pure (alpha) 2 -subunit of an animal calcium channel.
  • substantially pure subunit or protein is meant a subunit or protein that is sufficiently free of other polypeptide contaminants to be considered homogeneous by SDS-PAGE or to be unambiguously sequenced.
  • the invention entails an eukaryotic cell with an heterologous calcium channel, said cell made by a process comprising administering to said cell a first composition, which consists essentially of a first RNA which is translatable in said cell into the precursor of the (alpha) 1 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a first species, and a second composition which consists essentially of a second RNA which is translatable in said cell into the precursor of the (alpha) 2 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a second species, said first and second species being the same or different, provided that at least one of said precursor of said (alpha) 1 -subunit and said precursor of said (alpha) 2 -subunit is foreign to said cell.
  • Preferred cells for this purpose are Xenopus laevis oocytes.
  • the invention entails a method for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity which comprises electrophysiologically measuring the calcium channel activity of a cell described in the immediately preceeding paragraph when such cell is exposed to a solution of the compound being tested for such activity.
  • a method for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity which comprises electrophysiologically measuring the calcium channel activity of a cell described in the immediately preceeding paragraph when such cell is exposed to a solution of the compound being tested for such activity.
  • the invention is an eukaryotic cell containing a DNA which comprises a cDNA which can be expressed to make the (alpha) 2 -subunit of a calcium channel.
  • a cell according to the invention can also contain a DNA which comprises a cDNA which can be expressed to make the (alpha) 1 -subunit of a calcium channel.
  • the (alpha) 2 -subunit or the (alpha) 1 -subunit made from such a cDNA in such a cell will be foreign to the cell, i.e., will have an amino acid sequence which differs from that of any calcium channel (alpha) 1 -subunit or (alpha) 2 -subunit which occurs in a cell of the same type which does not contain a DNA from which the (alpha) 1 -subunit or the (alpha) 2 -subunit encoded by such a cDNA is expressed.
  • Preferred among such cells are those of mammalian origin, such as COS cells, NIH3T3 cells, mouse L cells or the like, or those of yeast such as S. cerevisiae or P. pastoris.
  • Methods of making such cells of the invention by transforming cells with suitable heterologous DNAS, to be maintained in the cell as episomes or (preferably) integrated into chromosomal DNA of the cell, and then culturing transformants or subculturing (or passaging, in the case of mammalian cells) from such a culture or a subculture thereof, are well known to those of ordinary skill.
  • the invention entails also an eukaryotic cell with an heterologous calcium channel, said calcium channel made by a process comprising expression of a first cDNA, which codes for the precursor of the (alpha) 1 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a first species, and a second cDNA, which codes for the precursor of the (alpha) 2 -subunit of a calcium channel of a second species, said first and second species being the same or different.
  • a first cDNA which codes for the precursor of the (alpha) 1 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a first species
  • a second cDNA which codes for the precursor of the (alpha) 2 -subunit of a calcium channel of a second species, said first and second species being the same or different.
  • at least one of said precursor of said (alpha) 1 -subunit and said precursor of said (alpha) 2 -subunit is foreign to said cell.
  • preferred among such cells are those of mammalian origin or
  • such a cell will also contain another heterologous gene, which comprises a transcriptional control element (e.g., a promoter or promoter/enhancer combination), which is active in said cell and the transcriptional activity of which responds to an ion or molecule capable of entering said cell through a functional calcium channel (e.g., Ca ++ , Ba ++ , Ca ++ ionophores), linked operatively for expression to a structural gene for an indicator protein, such a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase or ⁇ -galactosidase.
  • a transcriptional control element e.g., a promoter or promoter/enhancer combination
  • an indicator protein such as a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase or ⁇ -galactosidase.
  • These cells of the invention which have functional, foreign calcium channels (i.e., functional calcium channels wherein at least one of the (alpha) 1 -subunit and the (alpha) 2 -subunit is foreign to the cell) will be useful for, among other purposes, assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity.
  • a cell can be employed to measure the affinity of such a compound for the functional calcium channel.
  • a cell can be employed to measure electrophysiologically the calcium channel activity in the presence of the compound being tested as well as a ion or molecule, such as Ca ++ or Ba ++ , which is known to be capable of entering the cell through the functional channel.
  • a ion or molecule such as Ca ++ or Ba ++
  • Such cells according to the invention in the preferred embodiment, wherein the cell also contains an heterologous gene with a transcriptional control element, which is active in the cell and responsive to an ion or molecule capable of entering the cell through a functional calcium channel and is linked operatively for expression to a structural gene for an indicator protein, can also be employed, in another method according to the invention for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity.
  • This method comprises exposing a culture of such cells to a solution of a compound being tested for such activity, together with an ion or molecule, which is capable of entering the cells through a functional calcium channel and affecting the activity of the transcriptional control element controlling transcription of the gene for the indicator protein, and comparing the level of expression, in the cells of the culture, of the gene for the indicator protein with the level of such expression in the cells of another, control culture of such cells.
  • control culture will be a culture that is, and is treated, substantially the same as the culture exposed to the compound being assayed except that the control culture is not exposed to the compound being assayed.
  • Levels of expression of the genes for the indicator proteins are ascertained readily by the skilled by known methods, which involve measurements of the concentration of indicator protein via assays for detectable compounds produced in reactions catalyzed by the indicator protein.
  • indicator proteins are enzymes which are active in the cells of the invention and catalyze production of readily detectable compounds (e.g., chromogens, fluorescent compounds).
  • the invention is a method for diagnosing Lambert-Eaton Syndrome in a person by immunoassay which method comprises combining serum from the person with (alpha) 1 -subunit of a first animal species and (alpha) 2 -subunit of a second animal species (the same as or different from the first species) and ascertaining whether antibodies in the serum react with one or both of the subunits to a greater extent than antibodies in control serum (e.g., from a person or group of persons known to be free of the Syndrome).
  • Any immunoassay procedure known in the art for detecting antibodies in serum against a given antigen can be employed in the method.
  • both of the (alpha) subunits are from a mammalian calcium channel, most preferably human.
  • the invention entails also a labeled (e.g., 32 P or a biotinylated) RNA or single-stranded DNA of at least 12 (preferably at least 30) bases in length in a sequence which comprises a sequence of at least 12 (preferably at least 30) contiguous bases between bases-238 and 3495, inclusive, in FIG. 2 below, or such a labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA with a sequence taken from the cDNA, described in Example 4, which encodes an human neuronal (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • a labeled e.g., 32 P or a biotinylated
  • polyclonal antisera specific for the (alpha) 2 polypeptide subunit was prepared in guinea pigs using SDS polyacrylamide gel purified (alpha) 2 protein as described by Nakayama, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6572-6576 (1987).
  • One of the (alpha) 1 -specific monoclonal antibodies, designated as IIF7 by Leung, et al. supra, and the (alpha) 2 -specific polyclonal antisera were used for screening of 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 recombinant phages of an oligo-dT primed lambda gt11 cDNA library.
  • Probes based on the Tanabe et al. (alpha) 1 -subunit cDNA sequence could also be used to identify clones with fragments of the (alpha) 1 -subunit cDNA.
  • DNA sequencing of one of these clones revealed the presence of a cDNA insert of 453 base pairs (bp). Significantly, this insert coded for a 151 amino acid open reading frame with 28% homology to a region for the Electrophorus electroplax sodium channel sequence.
  • the cDNA insert derived from this clone was used to rescreen the lambda gt11 cDNA library and a rabbit back skeletal muscle Okayama-Berg cDNA library (MacLennan, et al., Nature 316, 696-700 (1985)) to isolate overlapping cDNA clones.
  • the cDNA clones were analyzed using the dideoxy chain-termination method of Sanger to determine the entire coding sequence of the (alpha) 1 subunit of the calcium channel and a restriction map was made for comparison and orientation of DNA sequences.
  • oligo-dT-primed expression cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, using young adult rabbit back skeletal muscle poly (A+) RNA (kindly provided by J. Robbins, University of Cincinnati) isolated in guanidine isothiocyanate (see Gubler, et al., Gene 25, 263-269 (1983); Lapeyre, et al., Gene 37, 215-220 (1985); Huynh et. al, DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, Vol. I 49-78 (IRL, Oxford, 1985)). Double-strand cDNA was synthesized and EcoRI adapaters were added.
  • the double-strand cDNA was size-selected on a Sepharose CL-4B or Bio-Gel A-50 m column. Fragments >1500 bp were ligated into EcoRI digested, dephosphorylated lambda gt11.
  • the library was packaged in vitro with Gigapack-plus, (Stratagene, San Diego, Calif.) and an efficiency of >95% recombinants was determined by plating in the presence of X-gal and IPTG. Two clones of a total 1 ⁇ 10 6 recombinants were identified by screening the expression library with monoclonal Ab IIF7 reactive with the M r 170,000 (alpha) 1 subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel.
  • Positive plaques were visualized by binding HRP-goat anti-mouse IgG followed by color development with 4-chloro-1-naphthol.
  • Each clone contained a -500 bp insert and was related by cross-hybridization.
  • one clone was DNA sequenced to identify an open reading frame (nts 2847-3300) and was used to identify a 6.5 Kb transcript by Northern analysis
  • the 453 bp insert noted above was used to rescreen the lambda gt11 library and 8 of 1 ⁇ 10 6 clones were positive.
  • nts 2294-2816 One clone (1700 bp) extended the farthest 5' to nt 2237; its 522 bp PstI fragment, nts 2294-2816, was used to screen 1 ⁇ 10 6 transformants of a rabbit back skeletal muscle cDNA library constructed according to the method of Okayama and Berg (see MacLennan, et. al., Nature 316, 696-700 (1985)). Three positive clones were isolated, of which the largest (5.0 Kb) extended 5' to nt ⁇ 750.
  • the Okayama-Berg cDNA library was rescreened with a 5' 250 bp (PstI)-EcoRI fragment (the PstI site is donated by the Okayama-Berg vector) (nts ⁇ 750-1006). The longest clone isolated, of 5 positives, was 5.3 Kb, extending 5' to nt ⁇ 450.
  • a random primed rabbit back skeletal muscle lambda gt11 cDNA library was synthesized as described above with the following modifications: (1) pd(N) 6 hexamers (Pharmacia, Inc. Piscathaway, N.J.) were used to random prime the first strand cDNA reaction, (2) Adapters containing NcoI, KpnI, and EcoRI sites:
  • FIG. 1 shows the 5,975 nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the (alpha) 1 -subunit.
  • the sequence context of the designated initiation codon is consistent with the proposed consensus sequence of Kozak, Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 8125-8132 (1987).
  • the 3' non-coding sequence of the cDNA is 234 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly (dA) tract, and contains a consensus polyadenylation signal ATTAAA (nucleotides 5832-5837) 17 nucleotides upstream from the poly (dA) tract.
  • This cDNA sequence is consistent with an ⁇ 6,500 nucleotide DHP receptor (alpha) 1 mRNA. Furthermore, the DNA sequence is 99.4% identical to the cDNA sequence encoding the DHP receptor reported by Tanabe, et. al., supra. Nucleotide differences were identified at 33 positions, of which three, nucleotides 5423, 5444 and 5504 also result in amino acid changes.
  • An oligo-dT-primed expression cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, using young adult rabbit back skeletal muscle poly (A+) RNA as described for the (alpha) 1-subunit. Double-stranded cDNA fragments >1500 bp were ligated into lambda gt11 and a primary plating of 1 ⁇ 10 6 recombinants was screened with guinea pig anti-160 Kd (alpha) 2 polyclonal anti-sera. Three positive plaques were visualized by binding HRP-Protein A, followed by color development with 4-chloro-1-naphthol.
  • a total of 14 clones were isolated, seven from each end, of which an overlapping pair of clones (one extending ⁇ 2,750 nts 3' and the other extending 350 nts 5') encoded ⁇ 7850 nts of the (alpha) 2 transcript; 308 nts of 5' untranslated sequence, 3318 nts of coding sequence, and ⁇ 4224 nts of 3' untranslated sequence. Only 176 nts of 3' untranslated sequence was confirmed in both directions and is reported.
  • FIG. 2 represents the 3,802 nucleotides of the cDNA sequence encoding the (alpha) 2 -subunit and its precursor, including 308 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence, a 3,318 nucleotide open reading frame, and 176 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the signal peptide of the (alpha) 2 -subunit, shown as the first 26 negatively numbered amino acids.
  • An arrow identifies the cleavage site between the signal peptide and the mature (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • the N-terminal amino acid sequence previously determined is shown in bold sequence (Thr(+8), Trp(+12), and Asp(+14) were not previously determined.)
  • the nucleotide sequence shown was determined from two clones which overlapped to span the coding sequence of the (alpha) 2 -subunit. Five nucleotide differences among individual clones were observed resulting in four amino acid changes.
  • the open reading frame encodes a sequence of 1,106 amino acids (FIG. 2).
  • the previously determined NH 2 -terminal amino acid sequence of the (alpha) 2 protein is encoded by nucleotides 79-129 in the same open reading frame (amino acid residues 1-17, FIG. 2).
  • the nucleotide sequence adjacent to the designated initiating codon agrees with the proposed consensus sequence.
  • An in-frame termination codon is present upstream beginning at nucleotide -27.
  • an out-of-frame potential initiation codon is located beginning at nucleotide -229 and is followed by a nonsense codon at nucleotides -179 to -181.
  • FIG. 1 shows the 1,873 amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of the (alpha) 1 subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel. Based on the identification of a clone using the (alpha) 1 -specific IIF7 monoclonal antibody, we have determined that the protein sequence encoded by the 453 bp cDNA insert (amino acid residues 950-1,100) contains the epitope recognized by this monoclonal antibody. The complete sequence yields a calculated M r of 212,143 for the (alpha) 1 protein, in contrast to the observed Mr 155K-170K, previously reported by others using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  • the amino acid sequence determined and reported here is 99.8% identical to that recently described by Tanabe et al., supra, showing three amino acid differences at residues 1,808 (Thr to Met), 1,815 (Ala to Val), and 1,835 (Ala to Glu).
  • the calcium channel (alpha) 1 -subunit protein contains five potential N-glycosylation sites at Asn residues 79, 257, 797, 1,464, and 1,674 and seven potential cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites at Ser residues 687, 1,502, 1,575, 1,757, 1,772, and 1,854, and Thr 1,552.
  • the (alpha) 1 -subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel contains four internal repeated sequence regions.
  • An analysis of the hydropathy profile of the (alpha) 1 -protein sequence reveals that each repeat contains five hydrophobic segments and one segment with strong positive charge. Since the (alpha) 1 -protein sequence lacks an hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence characteristic of a signal peptide, it has been proposed that the segments of the four internally repeated regions represent twenty-four transmembrane segements and that the amino- and carboxy-termini extend intracellularly.
  • FIG. 2 shows the 1,106 amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of the (alpha) 2 -subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel.
  • the sequence yields a calculated M r of 125,018 for this protein, in contrast to the observed M r 165K-175K (under non-reducing conditions; M r 135K-150K under reducing conditions) determined previously by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  • the (alpha) 2 amino acid sequence deduced here from the cDNA confirms the sequence of 17 amino acids reported earlier as supposedly that of the amino terminal 17 amino acids of the (alpha) 2 -subunit.
  • the (alpha) 2 -subunit precursor has a 26 amino acid (residues -1 to -26) signal peptide. While this proposed signal peptide is hydrophobic and of an appropriate length characteristic of signal sequences, it is somewhat unusual in that the peptide has Glu at position-1 and the Gln at position-12 defines a rather short central hydrophic region.
  • the (alpha) 2 protein contains 18 potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn residues 68, 112, 160, 300, 324, 444, 451, 580, 589, 652, 671, 758, 801, 865, 872, 962, 975, and 1,005) and two potential cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites at Thr 477 and Ser 822 (FIG. 2).
  • the amino terminus of the mature protein would be extracellular.
  • the three hydrophobic segments function as transmembrane domains, and that there are only three such domains, the carboxyl-terminus of the (alpha) 2 protein would be intracellular.
  • Such a transmembrane topography would be consistent with 8 out of the 18 potential N-glycosylation sites being localized extracellularly and the single potential phosphorylation site being localized intracellularly.
  • Previous biochemical studies indicate that the (alpha) 2 -subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel is not phosphorylated but is extensively glycosylated.
  • Southern blot of the same DNA preparations were also probed under conditions of low stringency with the same (alpha) 1 - and (alpha) 2 -specific probes. While additional hybridizing bands were observed in rabbit genomic DNA under low stringency conditions with both the (alpha) 1 - and (alpha) 2 -specific probes, substantially greater hybridization was observed with the (alpha) 1 -specific cDNA probes.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides for a diagnostic assay for Lambert Eaton Syndrome (LES).
  • LES is an autoimmune disease characterized by an insufficient release of acetylcholine from motor nerve terminals which normally are responsive to nerve impulses.
  • a recent publication (Kim and Neher, Science 239, 405-408 (1988)) demonstrates that IgG from LES patients block individual voltage-dependent calcium channels and thus prevent function.
  • a diagnostic assay for LES based on immunological reactivity of LES IgG with calcium channel (alpha) 2 -subunit alone or in combination with (alpha) 1 -subunit is thus provided for.
  • such an assay may be based on immunoprecipitation of LES IgG by the calcium channels subunits of the invention.
  • RNA On the day before RNA is isolated, prepare the following. As a precaution, all glassware should be baked and all stock solutions in the list immediately below should be sterilized by autoclaving.
  • PK buffer 0.1 M Tris, pH 7.2, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA
  • RNA may then be isolated from the RNA mixture by well-known hybridization methods utilizing matrix-immobilized oligo (dT).
  • reaction is stopped after 30 minutes by adding 2 ⁇ l of 0.5M EDTA and performing one phenol/chloroform extraction, followed by one chloroform extraction. Then 10 ⁇ l of 10 M NH 4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol are added to precipitate the first strand.
  • the cDNA-RNA is spun down by centrifugation in a benchtop microfuge for 15 minutes. The pellet is washed in 95% ethanol and dried.
  • reaction is stopped after 60 minutes by adding 4 ⁇ l of 0.5M EDTA and performing one phenol/chloroform extraction and one chloroform extraction.
  • the aqueous phase is run over a G-50 column in a short Pasteur pipet and 100 ⁇ l fractions are collected.
  • the 500 ⁇ ls containing the cDNA is collected and pooled, and butanol extracted down to a volume of ⁇ 50 ⁇ l.
  • the cDNA is precipitated by adding 10 ⁇ l of 10 M NH 4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol.
  • the cDNA is spun down in a microfuge for 15 minutes. A 95% ethanol wash is performed and the cDNA pellet is dried. The dry pellet is counted in a scintillation counter. Assume 100% efficiency of the 2nd strand reaction, and calculate mass of double-stranded cDNA from the first strand calculation.
  • reaction is stopped after 20 minutes by adding 2 ⁇ l of 0.5 M EDTA, followed by a phenol/chloroform extraction and a chloroform extraction.
  • the aqueous phase is run over a G-50 column in a short Pasteur pipet and 100 ⁇ l fractions are collected.
  • the 500 ⁇ ls containing the cDNA is collected and pooled, and butanol extracted down to a volume of ⁇ 50 ⁇ l.
  • the cDNA is precipitated by adding 10 ⁇ l of 10 M NH 4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol.
  • Oligos are synthesized having the following sequences:
  • the 20 mer is phosphorylated by combining the following reagents and incubated at 37° C. for 15 minutes.:
  • the enzyme is then inactivated by boiling for 10 minutes.
  • the 24 mer is hybridized to the phosphorylated 20 mer by addition of 225 pmoles of the 24 mer (plus water to bring volume to 15 ⁇ l), and incubation at 65° C. for 5 minutes. The reaction is then allowed to slow cool to room temperature.
  • the adapters are now present at a concentration of 15 pmoles/ ⁇ l, and are ready for cDNA-vector ligation.
  • the ligase is inactivated by heating the mixture to 72° C. for 15 minutes.
  • reaction is stopped by the addition of 2 ⁇ l 0.5M EDTA, followed by one phenol/chloroform extraction and one chloroform extraction.
  • the cDNA is run over a BIO-GEL A-50 column that has been washed with ⁇ 5 ml of TE buffer.
  • the column has 0.8 ml bed resin in a 0.2 cm (inner diameter) ⁇ 30 cm siliconized glass tube with a glass wool plug in a yellow pipet tip at the bottom.
  • the cDNA is dried down in a speed vac to ⁇ 20 ⁇ l.
  • 2.5 ⁇ l of gel loading dye is added and the cDNA is run over the column.
  • the counts begin coming off after running 200-250 ⁇ l TE buffer through the column.
  • 5 minute fractions ( ⁇ 30 ⁇ l) are collected and counted in a scintillation counter.
  • Free adapters may begin to elute off 350-400 ⁇ l after the cDNA starts to elute.
  • fractions containing cDNA are pooled, butanol extracted down to 20-30 ⁇ l, and 5 ⁇ l of 10M NH 4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol is added to precipitate the cDNA. It is spun in a microfuge for 15 minutes, and then subjected to a 95% ethanol wash and dry.
  • the pellet is counted, and the mass of cDNA is calculated relative to the mass after the second strand synthesis.
  • the cDNA is resuspended in TE ( ⁇ 0.10 pmol/ ⁇ l).
  • the ligation reaction contains the following, which is incubated at 14-16° C. overnight:
  • the vector is packaged using the Gigapack in vitro packaging kit supplied by Strategene, and following the instructions contained therein.
  • IPTG-treated filters which were soaked in 10 mM IPTG (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.). Dry filters until just moist, lay them in the plates and incubate overnight at 37° C.
  • human (alpha) 2 -subunit-encoding fragments were isolated to use as probes to screen human brain cDNA libraries under high stringency conditions.
  • an EcoRI-digested human genomic Southern blot was probed under both low and high stringency conditions with a fragment of rabbit (alpha) 2 -subunit-encoding cDNA (the fragment from nucleotide 43 to nucleotide 272 indicated in FIG. 2).
  • a fragment of rabbit (alpha) 2 -subunit-encoding cDNA the fragment from nucleotide 43 to nucleotide 272 indicated in FIG. 2 .
  • two genomic fragments were identified, of 3.0 kbp and 3.5 kbp in size.
  • high stringency conditions only the 3.5 kbp fragment maintained a stable hybrid. These two fragments were cloned into lambda-gt11.
  • the 3.5 kbp fragment includes a small PstI-XbaI fragment, of about 300 bp, which includes an 82 bp exon with 96.4% homology to nucleotides 102 to 183 of the sequence in FIG. 2. This exon is preceded by the dinucleotide AG (splice donor) and followed by the dinucleotide GT (splice acceptor), as understood in the art.
  • the 3.0 kbp fragment includes an XbaI-BglII fragment, of about 585 bp, which includes 104 bp of an exon (which includes the BglII site at its downstream end) which, in the 104 bp, has 93.3% homology to nucleotides 184 to 287 of the sequence in FIG. 2.
  • Both the 300 bp, PstI-XbaI fragment and the 585 bp, XbaI-BglII fragments were used to probe duplicate lifts of a human basal ganglia cDNA library in lambda-gt11 (the library having been obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., USA, and containing about 10 6 independent recombinants with an average insert size of 800-1000 bp).
  • Three positive clones were identified which hybridized to both probes under high stringency conditions, one with an insert size of about 1150 bp, another with an insert size of about 790 bp, and the third with an insert size of about 670 bp.
  • the 1150 bp insert in the one clone extended into the coding region from about nucleotide 200 in the coding region and was found to have a sequence more than 90% homologous to that of the corresponding segment of the cDNA whose sequence is presented in FIG. 2.
  • an human brain stem cDNA library also purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, and having about 4 ⁇ 10 6 independent recombinants with an average insert size of 800-1000 bp was probed under high stringency conditions. In this probing, four positive clones were identified, with inserts of about 950 bp, 1120 bp, 3000 bp and 2500 bp.
  • the 1120 bp insert overlapped the 1150 bp insert of the DNA used as probe but extended somewhat upstream from the upstream end of the 1150 bp insert.
  • the 2500 bp insert extended downstream from about 650 bp from the 5'-end of the 1120 bp insert.
  • the DNA with the 2500 bp insert was used to again probe the brain stem library, and a clone with a 2750 bp insert was found.
  • the 2750 bp insert was found by restriction analysis and sequencing to extend in the 3'-direction beyond the translational stop signal of a reading frame that was found to begin in the 1120 bp insert described above.
  • the 2750 bp insert and 1120 bp insert have a PvuII site in common and have been ligated using the PvuII site to provide a cDNA that encodes a human neuronal calcium channel (alpha) 2 -subunit
  • the 5'-1560 bp of this cDNA have been sequenced and, as illustrated in FIG. 3, found to be 91.2% homologous with the corresponding 1575 bp segment indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the human (alpha) 2 -subunit-encoding cDNA will be subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pSV2DHFR, which is available in the art, for expression in mammalian tissue culture cells.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Calcium channel (alpha)1 -subunit and (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding DNA, and related compositions and methods, are provided.

Description

This application continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/314,083, filed Sep. 28, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,241, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/914,231, filed Jul. 13, 1992 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,407,820, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/603,751, filed Nov. 8, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/176,899, filed Apr. 4, 1988, now abandoned. U.S. application Ser. No. 07/603,751 is International PCT Application PCT/US89/01408, filed Apr. 4, 1989.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to molecular biology and pharmacology.
More particularly, the invention relates to calcium channel compositions and methods of making and using same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Calcium channels are membrane-spanning, multisubunit proteins that allow controlled entry of Ca+2 ions into cells from the extracellular fluid. All cells throughout the animal kingdom, and at least some bacterial, fungal and plant cells, possess one or more types of calcium channel.
The most common type of calcium channel is voltage-dependent. In a voltage-dependent channel, the "opening," to allow an influx of Ca+2 ions into the cells to begin, requires a depolarization to a certain level of the potential difference between the inside of the cell bearing the channel and the extracellular medium bathing the cell and the rate of influx of Ca+2 into the cell depends on this potential difference. All "excitable" cells in animals, such as neurons of the central nervous systems, peripheral nerve cells, and muscle cells, including those of skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and venous and arterial smooth muscles, have voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Calcium channels are physiologically important because the channels have a central role in regulating intracellular Ca+2 levels and these levels are important for cell viability and function. Thus, intracellular Ca+2 concentrations are implicated in a number of vital processes in animals, such as neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, pacemaker activity, and secretion of hormones and other substances.
A number of compounds useful in treating various diseases in animals, including humans, are thought to exert their beneficial effects by modulating functions of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Many of these compounds bind to calcium channels and block, or reduce the rate of, influx of Ca+2 into cells in response to depolarization of the inside and outside of the cells.
An understanding of the pharmacology of compounds that interact with calcium channels, and the ability to rationally design compounds that will interact with calcium channels to have desired therapeutic effects, have been hampered by a lack of understanding of the structure of channel subunits and the genes that code for them. Thus, it has not been possible to obtain the large amounts of highly purified channel subunits that are required to understand, at the molecular level, the nature of the subunits and their interactions with one another, with the cell membranes across which the channels allow Ca+2 ions to pass, with Ca+2 and other ions, and with low molecular weight compounds that affect channel function. For example, with the availability of large amounts of purified calcium channel subunits, functional channels could be prepared and used to screen the effects of compounds on channel function, thereby providing a basis for the design of therapeutic agents which affect the calcium channel, or various combinations of channel subunits could be crystallized and have their structures determined to high resolution employing X-ray or neutron diffraction techniques, providing yet another basis for rational design of therapeutic agents that affect channel function.
Certain diseases, such as Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, involve autoimmune interactions with calcium channels. The ready availability of calcium channel subunits would make possible immunoassays for the diagnosis of such diseases and an understanding of them at the molecular level that could lead to effective methods for treating them.
The lack of information on genes that code for calcium channel subunits has prevented the understanding of the molecular properties of the mature calcium channel subunits and their precursor proteins (i.e., the mature subunits with signal peptides appended to the amino-terminus) and the regulation of expression of calcium channel subunits. An understanding of these properties, and of how expression of calcium channel subunit genes is regulated, may provide the basis for designing therapeutic agents which have beneficial effects through affecting calcium channel function or concentration. Furthermore, the availability of sequences of genes coding for calcium channel subunits would make possible the diagnosis of defects, which might underlie a number of diseases, in genes coding for such subunits.
The availability of a DNA with the sequence of a segment, of at least about 12, and more preferably at least about 30, nucleotides of a cDNA encoding a subunit of a calcium channel from the cells of a tissue of an animal would make possible the isolation and cloning of cDNA's, and possibly genomic DNA'S, coding for the corresponding subunit of different calcium channels from the same or different tissues and animals of the same or different species. The availability of the sequences of numerous full-length cDNA's coding for corresponding subunits of calcium channels from a variety of tissues and animal species would contribute to elucidating structure-function relationships in the subunits and this knowledge, in turn, would be useful in the design of therapeutic agents whose activities are exerted through binding to calcium channels.
Voltage-dependent calcium channels are thought to consist of two large subunits, of between about 130 and about 200 kilodaltons ("kD") in molecular weight, and a number (generally thought to be one or three) of different smaller subunits, of less than about 60 kD in molecular weight. At least one of the larger subunits and possibly some of the smaller are glycosylated. Some of the subunits are capable of being phosphorylated. There is confusion in the art concerning the naming of the various subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels.
The two large subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels are designated herein the "(alpha)1 -subunit" and the "(alpha)2 -subunit".
The (alpha)1 -subunit is not detectably changed in molecular weight when treated with dithiothreitol ("DTT") or with enzymes which catalyze removal of N-linked sugar groups from glycosylated proteins. The (alpha)1 -subunit has a molecular weight of about 150 to about 170 kD when analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate ("SDS")-polyacrylamide gel electrophresis ("PAGE") after isolation from mammalian muscle tissue and has specific binding sites for various 1,4-dihydropyridines ("DHPs") and phenylalkylamines.
The (alpha)2 -subunit is somewhat less well characterized than the (alpha)1 -subunit. The molecular weight of the (alpha)2 -subunit is at least about 130-150 kD, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis in the presence of DTT after isolation from mammalian muscle tissue. However, in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions (in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide), the (alpha)2 -subunit migrates with a band of about 160-190 kD. It is not known in the art whether the smaller fragment (of about 30 kD), which appears to be released upon reduction, is the product of a gene different from the gene which encodes the 130-150 kD fragment (and, consequently, the two fragments are different subunits of the calcium channel) or whether both fragments are products of the same gene (and, consequently, the (alpha)2 -subunit is about 160-190 kD and is split into (at least) two fragments upon reduction). There is evidence that the (alpha)2 -subunit, whatever its size, and the corresponding fragment produced under reducing conditions, whether part of the (alpha)2 -subunit or not, are glycosylated with at least N-linked sugars and do not have specified binding sites for 1,4-dihydropyridines and phenylalkylamines that are known to bind to the (alpha)1 -subunit.
Reference herein to the precursor of an (alpha)1 -subunit means the protein with the amino acid sequence corresponding to the sequence of the full-length mRNA which, upon translation, results, ultimately, in (alpha)1 -subunit resident as part of a calcium channel in a cell membrane. The precursor protein is converted by various processing steps into the (alpha)1 -subunit. The details of the processing between the precursor and the mature (alpha)1 -subunit are not clear, but the processing possibly involves phosphorylation and also cleavage of the primary translation product to yield the mature (alpha)1 -subunit of the calcium channel.
Similarly, reference herein to the precursor of an (alpha)2 -subunit means the protein with the amino acid sequence corresponding to the sequence of the full-length mRNA which, upon translation, results, ultimately, in (alpha)2 -subunit resident as part of a calcium channel in a cell membrane. The precursor protein is converted by various processing steps into the (alpha)2 -subunit. As with the (alpha)1 -subunit, the details of the processing between the precursor and the mature (alpha)2 -subunit are not clear, but the processing presumably involves at least removal of a leader sequence (i.e., a signal peptide), glycosylation, and, possibly, cleavage to yield what are now thought to be other subunits of the calcium channel.
The cDNA and corresponding amino acid sequence of the (alpha)1 -subunit precursor of a rabbit back skeletal muscle calcium channel has been reported. Tanabe et al., Nature 328, 313-318 (1987).
Calcium channel activity, measured electrophysiologically by voltage-clamp techniques, has been induced in Xenopus laevis oocytes when total mRNA isolated from mammalian brain and cardiac muscle is injected into the oocytes. Also, it has been reported that calcium channel-containing preparations, when reconstituted into lipid bilayers, confer voltage-dependent calcium channel activity on the bilayers.
However, there is no evidence that the (alpha)1 -subunit alone or the (alpha)2 -subunit alone provides a functional calcium channel in oocytes, lipid bilayers or any other situation. It has been recently reported by Hofmann, et al., Trends in Pharmacolog. Sci. 8, 393-398 (1987) that mRNA prepared using the cDNA of (alpha)1 -subunit obtained by Tanabe, et al. was unable to induce calcium channel activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 sets forth the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the (alpha)1 -subunit of the rabbit skeletal calcium channel and the amino acid sequence encoded by the 5,619 nucleotide open reading frame, which encodes a sequence of 1,873 amino acids. The 3' non-coding sequence of the cDNA is 234 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly (dA) tract, and contains a consensus polyadenylation signal ATTAAA (nucleotides 5832-5837) 17 nucleotides upstream from the poly (dA) tract.
FIG. 2 sets forth the 3,802 nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the rabbit skeletal calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit. The figure includes the nucleotides of the cDNA that encodes the (alpha)2 -subunit precursor, including the 308 nucleotides of the 5' untranslated sequence, the 3,318 nucleotide open reading frame and 176 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence. The signal peptide of the (alpha)2 -subunit is shown as the first 26 negatively numbered amino acids.
FIG. 3 compares the sequences of the DNA encoding the human neuronal (alpha)2 -subunit with that encoding the rabbit skeletal (alpha)2 -subunit.
The boxes in the figures enclose transmembrane regions. The symbol, P, denotes a phosphorylation site and the symbol, *, indicates a N-glycosylation site.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In short, we have discovered a cDNA which codes for the (alpha)1 -subunit of an animal calcium channel (see FIG. 1) and a cDNA which codes for the (alpha)2 -subunit of an animal calcium channel (see FIG. 2 and Example 4).
Thus in one of its aspects, the invention is a DNA which comprises a cDNA which codes for the (alpha)2 -subunit of an animal calcium channel, and the RNA, coding for such a subunit, made upon transcription of such a DNA according to the invention.
In another of its aspects, the invention is a substantially pure (alpha)2 -subunit of an animal calcium channel.
By a "substantially pure" subunit or protein is meant a subunit or protein that is sufficiently free of other polypeptide contaminants to be considered homogeneous by SDS-PAGE or to be unambiguously sequenced.
In another of its aspects, the invention entails an eukaryotic cell with an heterologous calcium channel, said cell made by a process comprising administering to said cell a first composition, which consists essentially of a first RNA which is translatable in said cell into the precursor of the (alpha)1 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a first species, and a second composition which consists essentially of a second RNA which is translatable in said cell into the precursor of the (alpha)2 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a second species, said first and second species being the same or different, provided that at least one of said precursor of said (alpha)1 -subunit and said precursor of said (alpha)2 -subunit is foreign to said cell. Preferred cells for this purpose are Xenopus laevis oocytes.
In another of its aspects, the invention entails a method for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity which comprises electrophysiologically measuring the calcium channel activity of a cell described in the immediately preceeding paragraph when such cell is exposed to a solution of the compound being tested for such activity. For similar methods applied with Xenopus laevis oocytes and acetylcholine receptors, see e.g., Mishina et al. Nature 313, 364 (1985) and, with such oocytes and sodium channels, see Noda et al., Nature 322, 826-828 (1986).
In a further of its aspects, the invention is an eukaryotic cell containing a DNA which comprises a cDNA which can be expressed to make the (alpha)2 -subunit of a calcium channel. Such a cell according to the invention can also contain a DNA which comprises a cDNA which can be expressed to make the (alpha)1 -subunit of a calcium channel. Preferably, the (alpha)2 -subunit or the (alpha)1 -subunit made from such a cDNA in such a cell will be foreign to the cell, i.e., will have an amino acid sequence which differs from that of any calcium channel (alpha)1 -subunit or (alpha)2 -subunit which occurs in a cell of the same type which does not contain a DNA from which the (alpha)1 -subunit or the (alpha)2 -subunit encoded by such a cDNA is expressed. Preferred among such cells are those of mammalian origin, such as COS cells, NIH3T3 cells, mouse L cells or the like, or those of yeast such as S. cerevisiae or P. pastoris. Methods of making such cells of the invention, by transforming cells with suitable heterologous DNAS, to be maintained in the cell as episomes or (preferably) integrated into chromosomal DNA of the cell, and then culturing transformants or subculturing (or passaging, in the case of mammalian cells) from such a culture or a subculture thereof, are well known to those of ordinary skill.
Among such cells of the invention, the invention entails also an eukaryotic cell with an heterologous calcium channel, said calcium channel made by a process comprising expression of a first cDNA, which codes for the precursor of the (alpha)1 -subunit of a calcium channel of an animal of a first species, and a second cDNA, which codes for the precursor of the (alpha)2 -subunit of a calcium channel of a second species, said first and second species being the same or different. Usually at least one of said precursor of said (alpha)1 -subunit and said precursor of said (alpha)2 -subunit is foreign to said cell. Again, preferred among such cells are those of mammalian origin or those of yeast such as S. cerevisiae cells or P. pastoris. In a preferred embodiment, such a cell will also contain another heterologous gene, which comprises a transcriptional control element (e.g., a promoter or promoter/enhancer combination), which is active in said cell and the transcriptional activity of which responds to an ion or molecule capable of entering said cell through a functional calcium channel (e.g., Ca++, Ba++, Ca++ ionophores), linked operatively for expression to a structural gene for an indicator protein, such a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase or β-galactosidase.
These cells of the invention, which have functional, foreign calcium channels (i.e., functional calcium channels wherein at least one of the (alpha)1 -subunit and the (alpha)2 -subunit is foreign to the cell) will be useful for, among other purposes, assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity. First, such a cell can be employed to measure the affinity of such a compound for the functional calcium channel. Secondly, such a cell can be employed to measure electrophysiologically the calcium channel activity in the presence of the compound being tested as well as a ion or molecule, such as Ca++ or Ba++, which is known to be capable of entering the cell through the functional channel. For similar studies which have been carried out with the acetylcholine receptor, see Claudio et al. Science 238 1688-1694 (1987). These methods for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity are also part of the present invention.
Such cells according to the invention, in the preferred embodiment, wherein the cell also contains an heterologous gene with a transcriptional control element, which is active in the cell and responsive to an ion or molecule capable of entering the cell through a functional calcium channel and is linked operatively for expression to a structural gene for an indicator protein, can also be employed, in another method according to the invention for assaying a compound for calcium channel agonist or antagonist activity. This method comprises exposing a culture of such cells to a solution of a compound being tested for such activity, together with an ion or molecule, which is capable of entering the cells through a functional calcium channel and affecting the activity of the transcriptional control element controlling transcription of the gene for the indicator protein, and comparing the level of expression, in the cells of the culture, of the gene for the indicator protein with the level of such expression in the cells of another, control culture of such cells.
A "control culture," as clearly understood by the skilled, will be a culture that is, and is treated, substantially the same as the culture exposed to the compound being assayed except that the control culture is not exposed to the compound being assayed. Levels of expression of the genes for the indicator proteins are ascertained readily by the skilled by known methods, which involve measurements of the concentration of indicator protein via assays for detectable compounds produced in reactions catalyzed by the indicator protein.
As indicated above, indicator proteins are enzymes which are active in the cells of the invention and catalyze production of readily detectable compounds (e.g., chromogens, fluorescent compounds).
In a still further aspect, the invention is a method for diagnosing Lambert-Eaton Syndrome in a person by immunoassay which method comprises combining serum from the person with (alpha)1 -subunit of a first animal species and (alpha)2 -subunit of a second animal species (the same as or different from the first species) and ascertaining whether antibodies in the serum react with one or both of the subunits to a greater extent than antibodies in control serum (e.g., from a person or group of persons known to be free of the Syndrome). Any immunoassay procedure known in the art for detecting antibodies in serum against a given antigen can be employed in the method. Preferably, in the method, both of the (alpha) subunits are from a mammalian calcium channel, most preferably human.
The invention entails also a labeled (e.g., 32 P or a biotinylated) RNA or single-stranded DNA of at least 12 (preferably at least 30) bases in length in a sequence which comprises a sequence of at least 12 (preferably at least 30) contiguous bases between bases-238 and 3495, inclusive, in FIG. 2 below, or such a labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA with a sequence taken from the cDNA, described in Example 4, which encodes an human neuronal (alpha)2 -subunit. The use of such DNAs and RNAs as probes, to identify and isolate cDNAs coding calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunits or to identify tissue in which (alpha)2 -subunit mRNA is made, is clear to the skilled. In this regard, see, e.g., Example 4.
The primary strategy for cloning cDNAs encoding the (alpha)1 and the (alpha)2 polypeptide subunits of the DHP-sensitive calcium channels from rabbit skeletal muscle was to screen rabbit back skeletal muscle lambda gt11 cDNA expression libraries with antibody probes specific to each of the proteins. See generally Ausubel et al. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley-interscience, New York (1987); Davis et al. Basic Methods in Molecular Biology, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., New York (1986). Monoclonal antibodies capable of immunoprecipitating the Mr 155K-170K DHP receptor (alpha)1 protein from rabbit skeletal muscle triads have been described previously by Leung, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7943-7946 (1987). Polyclonal antisera specific for the (alpha)2 polypeptide subunit was prepared in guinea pigs using SDS polyacrylamide gel purified (alpha)2 protein as described by Nakayama, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6572-6576 (1987). One of the (alpha)1 -specific monoclonal antibodies, designated as IIF7 by Leung, et al. supra, and the (alpha)2 -specific polyclonal antisera were used for screening of 1.0×106 recombinant phages of an oligo-dT primed lambda gt11 cDNA library. Probes based on the Tanabe et al. (alpha)1 -subunit cDNA sequence (Nature 328,313-318 (1987)) could also be used to identify clones with fragments of the (alpha)1 -subunit cDNA.
Once a positive clone was found using an antibody-screening method, the clone was used to screen further for overlapping clones. A sequential series of overlapping clones was thus generated. These clones were sequenced and fragments were subcloned into either pIBI 24/25 (IBI, New Haven, Conn.) or M13 mp18/19. In cloning the (alpha)1 -subunit, the DNA sequence was compared to the primary sequence of the DHP receptor (alpha)1 -subunit reported by Tanabe et al. Nucleotide differences resulting in amino acid differences were confirmed by sequencing in both directions.
As pertains to the (alpha)1 -subunit, initially, two cDNA clones which reacted positively with the IIF7 monoclonal antibody were isolated and found to be related by cross-hybridization.
DNA sequencing of one of these clones revealed the presence of a cDNA insert of 453 base pairs (bp). Significantly, this insert coded for a 151 amino acid open reading frame with 28% homology to a region for the Electrophorus electroplax sodium channel sequence. The cDNA insert derived from this clone was used to rescreen the lambda gt11 cDNA library and a rabbit back skeletal muscle Okayama-Berg cDNA library (MacLennan, et al., Nature 316, 696-700 (1985)) to isolate overlapping cDNA clones. The cDNA clones were analyzed using the dideoxy chain-termination method of Sanger to determine the entire coding sequence of the (alpha)1 subunit of the calcium channel and a restriction map was made for comparison and orientation of DNA sequences.
An oligo-dT-primed expression cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, using young adult rabbit back skeletal muscle poly (A+) RNA (kindly provided by J. Robbins, University of Cincinnati) isolated in guanidine isothiocyanate (see Gubler, et al., Gene 25, 263-269 (1983); Lapeyre, et al., Gene 37, 215-220 (1985); Huynh et. al, DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach, Vol. I 49-78 (IRL, Oxford, 1985)). Double-strand cDNA was synthesized and EcoRI adapaters were added. After the addition of the adapters, the double-strand cDNA was size-selected on a Sepharose CL-4B or Bio-Gel A-50 m column. Fragments >1500 bp were ligated into EcoRI digested, dephosphorylated lambda gt11. The library was packaged in vitro with Gigapack-plus, (Stratagene, San Diego, Calif.) and an efficiency of >95% recombinants was determined by plating in the presence of X-gal and IPTG. Two clones of a total 1×106 recombinants were identified by screening the expression library with monoclonal Ab IIF7 reactive with the Mr 170,000 (alpha)1 subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel. Positive plaques were visualized by binding HRP-goat anti-mouse IgG followed by color development with 4-chloro-1-naphthol. Each clone contained a -500 bp insert and was related by cross-hybridization. one clone was DNA sequenced to identify an open reading frame (nts 2847-3300) and was used to identify a 6.5 Kb transcript by Northern analysis The 453 bp insert noted above was used to rescreen the lambda gt11 library and 8 of 1×106 clones were positive. One clone (1700 bp) extended the farthest 5' to nt 2237; its 522 bp PstI fragment, nts 2294-2816, was used to screen 1×106 transformants of a rabbit back skeletal muscle cDNA library constructed according to the method of Okayama and Berg (see MacLennan, et. al., Nature 316, 696-700 (1985)). Three positive clones were isolated, of which the largest (5.0 Kb) extended 5' to nt ˜750. The Okayama-Berg cDNA library was rescreened with a 5' 250 bp (PstI)-EcoRI fragment (the PstI site is donated by the Okayama-Berg vector) (nts ˜750-1006). The longest clone isolated, of 5 positives, was 5.3 Kb, extending 5' to nt ˜450. To clone the 5' end of (alpha)1, a random primed rabbit back skeletal muscle lambda gt11 cDNA library was synthesized as described above with the following modifications: (1) pd(N)6 hexamers (Pharmacia, Inc. Piscathaway, N.J.) were used to random prime the first strand cDNA reaction, (2) Adapters containing NcoI, KpnI, and EcoRI sites:
 5'-CCATGGTACCTTCGTTGACG-3'                                               
  - 3'-GGTACCATGGAAGCAACTGCTTAA-5'
were ligated to the double-strand cDNA as described above, and (3) the double-strand cDNA was size-selected on a 1 ml Bio-Gel A50 m column. Fragments >600 bp were ligated into lambda gt11. 1×106 recombinants of this library were screened in duplicate with the 1,648 bp EcoRI/XhoI fragment corresponding to nt 1006-2653 and an oligonucleotide probe spanning the initiating methionine: 5'-GGGAAGCCATGGAGCCATCCTCACCCCAGG-3'. Forty clones were positive with both probes, of which one (1.55 Kb) extended 78 nts 5' of the start codon and ˜450 bp 3' of the EcoRI site.
FIG. 1 (below) shows the 5,975 nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the (alpha)1 -subunit. There is a 5,619 nucleotide sequence reading frame which encodes a sequence of 1,873 amino acids (FIG. 1). The sequence context of the designated initiation codon is consistent with the proposed consensus sequence of Kozak, Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 8125-8132 (1987). The 3' non-coding sequence of the cDNA is 234 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly (dA) tract, and contains a consensus polyadenylation signal ATTAAA (nucleotides 5832-5837) 17 nucleotides upstream from the poly (dA) tract. This cDNA sequence is consistent with an ˜6,500 nucleotide DHP receptor (alpha)1 mRNA. Furthermore, the DNA sequence is 99.4% identical to the cDNA sequence encoding the DHP receptor reported by Tanabe, et. al., supra. Nucleotide differences were identified at 33 positions, of which three, nucleotides 5423, 5444 and 5504 also result in amino acid changes.
As pertains to the (alpha)2 -subunit, in an initial screen with the guinea pig (alpha)2 -specific polyclonal antisera, three cDNA clones were isolated and shown to be related to each other but not any (alpha)1 cDNA sequences by cross-hybridization. Two of these cDNA clones were used to rescreen the lambda gt11 cDNA library to isolate overlapping cDNA clones. The cDNA clones were analyzed to establish the coding DNA sequence of the (alpha)2 subunit of the calcium channel and a restriction map was made. Approximately 7,850 nucleotides of (alpha)2 cDNA was cloned, which is consistent with an ˜8,000 nucleotide (alpha)2 mRNA.
An oligo-dT-primed expression cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11, using young adult rabbit back skeletal muscle poly (A+) RNA as described for the (alpha) 1-subunit. Double-stranded cDNA fragments >1500 bp were ligated into lambda gt11 and a primary plating of 1×106 recombinants was screened with guinea pig anti-160 Kd (alpha)2 polyclonal anti-sera. Three positive plaques were visualized by binding HRP-Protein A, followed by color development with 4-chloro-1-naphthol. Two clones, (2.5 Kb and 3.6 Kb) overlapped to encode 4.75 Kb of an ˜8 Kb transcript identified by Northern analysis. (alpha)2 cDNA clones extending in the 5' and 3' direction (oriented by DNA sequencing and identification of a long open reading frame) were isolated by rescreening the same lambda gt11 cDNA library with the (EcoRI)-HindIII fragment of one clone (nts 43-272, 5' proximal; EcoRI site from adapter) or the EcoRI--(EcoRI) fragment of a second clone (˜1.0 Kb in the 3' untranslated region). A total of 14 clones were isolated, seven from each end, of which an overlapping pair of clones (one extending ˜2,750 nts 3' and the other extending 350 nts 5') encoded ˜7850 nts of the (alpha)2 transcript; 308 nts of 5' untranslated sequence, 3318 nts of coding sequence, and ˜4224 nts of 3' untranslated sequence. Only 176 nts of 3' untranslated sequence was confirmed in both directions and is reported.
FIG. 2 represents the 3,802 nucleotides of the cDNA sequence encoding the (alpha)2 -subunit and its precursor, including 308 nucleotides of 5' untranslated sequence, a 3,318 nucleotide open reading frame, and 176 nucleotides of 3' untranslated sequence.
FIG. 2 also shows the signal peptide of the (alpha)2 -subunit, shown as the first 26 negatively numbered amino acids. An arrow identifies the cleavage site between the signal peptide and the mature (alpha)2 -subunit. The N-terminal amino acid sequence previously determined is shown in bold sequence (Thr(+8), Trp(+12), and Asp(+14) were not previously determined.) The nucleotide sequence shown was determined from two clones which overlapped to span the coding sequence of the (alpha)2 -subunit. Five nucleotide differences among individual clones were observed resulting in four amino acid changes. Differences occurred in the sequence at positions 169, 347, 348, 984, and a deletion of nts 1858-1860. The amino acids were finally determined to be as follows: Asn at residue 31, Lys at residue 90, and a deletion of Ser at residue 594. An in-frame upstream stop codon is underlined as well as the start and stop codons of an upstream short open reading frame. Three putative transmembrane regions are enclosed in boxes. Potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites are indicated as described for FIG. 1.
The open reading frame encodes a sequence of 1,106 amino acids (FIG. 2). The previously determined NH2 -terminal amino acid sequence of the (alpha)2 protein is encoded by nucleotides 79-129 in the same open reading frame (amino acid residues 1-17, FIG. 2). The nucleotide sequence adjacent to the designated initiating codon agrees with the proposed consensus sequence. An in-frame termination codon is present upstream beginning at nucleotide -27. In addition, an out-of-frame potential initiation codon is located beginning at nucleotide -229 and is followed by a nonsense codon at nucleotides -179 to -181. The 5' untranslated sequence of the (alpha)2 cDNA, 308 nucleotides cloned and sequenced thus far, is unusually long. This region is extremely G+C rich, approximately 80% G+C, which is similar to other relatively long 5' non-coding sequences which have been reported.
FIG. 1 shows the 1,873 amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of the (alpha)1 subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel. Based on the identification of a clone using the (alpha)1 -specific IIF7 monoclonal antibody, we have determined that the protein sequence encoded by the 453 bp cDNA insert (amino acid residues 950-1,100) contains the epitope recognized by this monoclonal antibody. The complete sequence yields a calculated Mr of 212,143 for the (alpha)1 protein, in contrast to the observed Mr 155K-170K, previously reported by others using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence determined and reported here is 99.8% identical to that recently described by Tanabe et al., supra, showing three amino acid differences at residues 1,808 (Thr to Met), 1,815 (Ala to Val), and 1,835 (Ala to Glu). The calcium channel (alpha)1 -subunit protein contains five potential N-glycosylation sites at Asn residues 79, 257, 797, 1,464, and 1,674 and seven potential cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites at Ser residues 687, 1,502, 1,575, 1,757, 1,772, and 1,854, and Thr 1,552. Analogous to the (alpha)-subunit of the sodium channel, the (alpha)1 -subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel contains four internal repeated sequence regions. An analysis of the hydropathy profile of the (alpha)1 -protein sequence reveals that each repeat contains five hydrophobic segments and one segment with strong positive charge. Since the (alpha)1 -protein sequence lacks an hydrophobic amino-terminal sequence characteristic of a signal peptide, it has been proposed that the segments of the four internally repeated regions represent twenty-four transmembrane segements and that the amino- and carboxy-termini extend intracellularly. That model is consistent with two of the potential glycosylation sites (Asn residues 79 and 257) being localized extracellularly and all of the potential phosphorylation cites being localized intracellularly. This generally agrees with previous biochemical studies suggesting that the (alpha)1 -subunit (which has been identified as the putative 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor) is not glycosylated but is phosphorylated.
FIG. 2 shows the 1,106 amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA of the (alpha)2 -subunit of the rabbit skeletal muscle calcium channel. The sequence yields a calculated Mr of 125,018 for this protein, in contrast to the observed Mr 165K-175K (under non-reducing conditions; Mr 135K-150K under reducing conditions) determined previously by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The (alpha)2 amino acid sequence deduced here from the cDNA confirms the sequence of 17 amino acids reported earlier as supposedly that of the amino terminal 17 amino acids of the (alpha)2 -subunit. The (alpha)2 -subunit precursor has a 26 amino acid (residues -1 to -26) signal peptide. While this proposed signal peptide is hydrophobic and of an appropriate length characteristic of signal sequences, it is somewhat unusual in that the peptide has Glu at position-1 and the Gln at position-12 defines a rather short central hydrophic region. The (alpha)2 protein contains 18 potential N-glycosylation sites ( Asn residues 68, 112, 160, 300, 324, 444, 451, 580, 589, 652, 671, 758, 801, 865, 872, 962, 975, and 1,005) and two potential cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites at Thr 477 and Ser 822 (FIG. 2).
An analysis of the (alpha)2 protein sequence for regional hydropathy reveals that, in distinct contrast to similar analysis of the (alpha)1 protein, this protein is substantially hydrophilic, although it does contain a number of hydrophobic regions. Further characterization of the hydrophobic regions of polarity index and hydrophobic moment analyses indicates that three segments may represent transmembrane domains of the (alpha)2 protein. The topography of the (alpha)2 protein is not, however, easily predicted from the deduced primary amino acid sequence. This problem is further compounded by the determination that the (alpha)2 protein lacks significant homology with any protein in the Dayhoff protein sequence database or with other known ion channel and receptor proteins. If the proposed (alpha)2 signal sequence is, in fact, cleaved between the Glu-residue at position -1 and the Glu residue at position, then the amino terminus of the mature protein would be extracellular. Furthermore, assuming that the three hydrophobic segments function as transmembrane domains, and that there are only three such domains, the carboxyl-terminus of the (alpha)2 protein would be intracellular. Such a transmembrane topography would be consistent with 8 out of the 18 potential N-glycosylation sites being localized extracellularly and the single potential phosphorylation site being localized intracellularly. Previous biochemical studies indicate that the (alpha)2 -subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel is not phosphorylated but is extensively glycosylated.
Rabbit and human genomic DNAs were digested with various restriction enzymes and Southern blots of these DNAs were hybridized with radiolabeled cDNA clones specific for the (alpha)1 -subunit or the (alpha)2 -subunit. Under conditions of high stringency, very few hybridizing bands were observed in rabbit genomic DNA with either the (alpha)1 - or (alpha)2 -specific probes. This result is consistent with a low-copy number, perhaps only a single-copy, of each of the (alpha)1 - and (alpha)2 -subunit genes in the rabbit genome. Southern blot of the same DNA preparations were also probed under conditions of low stringency with the same (alpha)1 - and (alpha)2 -specific probes. While additional hybridizing bands were observed in rabbit genomic DNA under low stringency conditions with both the (alpha)1 - and (alpha)2 -specific probes, substantially greater hybridization was observed with the (alpha)1 -specific cDNA probes. These results suggest that the (alpha)1 - and (alpha)2 -subunits of the skeletal muscle DHP-sensitive calcium channel may share significant homology with genes encoding other voltage-dependent DHP-sensitive calcium channels, voltage-dependent calcium channels which are not DHP-sensitive (e.g., T- and N-types), and possibly ligand-gated calcium channels (e.g., glutamate receptor). Interestingly, hybridization bands were observed in human genomic DNA with the (alpha)1 -specific cDNA probes under both high and low stringency conditions, whereas significant hybridization of (alpha)2 -specific cDNA probes were observed only under low stringency conditions. Thus, while there are human genes homologous to the rabbit (alpha)1 - and (alpha)2 -subunit genes, greater evolutionary sequence divergence may have occurred in the (alpha)2 gene relative to the (alpha)1 gene.
A further aspect of the invention provides for a diagnostic assay for Lambert Eaton Syndrome (LES). LES is an autoimmune disease characterized by an insufficient release of acetylcholine from motor nerve terminals which normally are responsive to nerve impulses. A recent publication (Kim and Neher, Science 239, 405-408 (1988)) demonstrates that IgG from LES patients block individual voltage-dependent calcium channels and thus prevent function. A diagnostic assay for LES based on immunological reactivity of LES IgG with calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit alone or in combination with (alpha)1 -subunit is thus provided for. For example, such an assay may be based on immunoprecipitation of LES IgG by the calcium channels subunits of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Isolation of RNA for cDNA Library
On the day before RNA is isolated, prepare the following. As a precaution, all glassware should be baked and all stock solutions in the list immediately below should be sterilized by autoclaving.
200 ml of 0.1 NaOAc, pH 5.2, 1 mM EDTA
50 ml of 0.2 M Na2 EDTA, pH 8.0.
50 ml of 1 M Tris, pH 7.5
50 ml of 3.2 Tris, pH 7.2
50 ml of 0.01 M Tris (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA
50 ml PK buffer (0.1 M Tris, pH 7.2, 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA)
50 ml of 10% SDS,
4 l of ultrapure H2 O
On the morning of the RNA isolation, combine:
100 ml H2 O
100 g guanidine isothiocyanate (IBI)
10.6 ml 1 M Tris, pH 7.5
10.6 ml 0.2 M EDTA
Stir, but do not heat above 65° C. to dissolve guanidine isothiocyanate.
Dissect young adult rabbit back skeletal muscle on a clean glass plate and add about 10 g of muscle tissue (cut in ˜4 mm pieces) to 50 ml of the guanidine isothiocyanate solution in e.g., a 100 ml Wheaton bottle.
Homogenize using "tissuemizer" from Tekman (large blade) for 10-20 sec., or until small pieces are no longer visible.
Place in 60° H2 O bath, add 30 ml of redistilled phenol which has been made 0.1% in 8-OH quinoline, 0.2% β-ME. Solution should be clear and homogenous after this addition.
Add 30 ml of a 1:1 solution of chloroform:acetate buffer.
Shake vigorously at 60° for 10 minutes; the solutions should appear opaque; if not, add sufficient chloroform:acetate until it turns milky.
Cool on ice, spin to separate phases (7000×g, 10-20 minutes)
Take off and pass it vigorously through a 22 gauge needle.
Treat with phenol:chloroform (1:1) saturated with acetate buffer. Extract aqueous layer with 3×volume of chloroform. Add 2 vol of -20° EtOH, and ppt for 1-2 hours, but no longer.
Collect precipitate; dry briefly (<5 minutes) under vacuum. Resuspend in 7 ml of PK buffer made 0.2% with respect to SDS. If precipitate develops, heat at 65° until solution clears. Add 1.5 mg of proteinase K.
Incubate 20 minutes at 37° (if you have dried for too long, RNA will be very difficult to get into solution and vigorous pipetting will be necessary throughout the incubation).
Extract reaction with 1:1 phenol:chloroform (made 0.1% in 8-OH quinoline, 0.2% β-ME, saturate with 100 mM Tris, pH 8.5 or PK buffer pH 7.7), 2× with chloroform, ppt by addition of 1/10 volume of 3.2 M Tris, pH 7.5 and 2 vol. of EtOH. Poly A+ RNA may then be isolated from the RNA mixture by well-known hybridization methods utilizing matrix-immobilized oligo (dT).
EXAMPLE 2 cDNA Cloning Procedure
1. First Strand Synthesis
a. The following reagents and compositions are combined together and incubated on ice for 5 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
                               Final                                      
                                  Concen-                                 
  Reagent Volume tration                                                  
______________________________________                                    
-5 μg poly A + RNA, plus water                                         
                    to 10.5 μl                                         
  5X reverse transcriptase buffer 10 μl 1X                             
  0.5M DTT 1 μl 10 mM                                                  
  RNasin (24 U/μl) 2 μl -IU/μl                                   
  5X dNTPs 10 μl 1X                                                    
  oligo dT (250 μg/ml) 5 μl 25 μg/μl                          
______________________________________
b. Next, the following three reagents are added to (a) and the mixture is incubated at 37° C. for 60 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
actinomycin D (600 μg/ml)                                              
                    4 μ1 -50 μg/ml                                  
  .sup.32 P-gammadCTP (3200 Ci/mmol) 2.5 μl --                         
  MMLV-reverse transcriptase 5 μl 200 U/μg RNA                      
  (BRL-200 U/μl)                                                       
   50 μl (total a + b)                                                 
______________________________________
c. The following reagents are added to (b) and the mixture is incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
RNasin (24 U/μl)      1 μl                                          
  MMLV-reverse transcriptase 3 μl                                      
  (BRL-200 U/μl)                                                       
______________________________________
d. Take aliquots for analysis:
1 μl at time 0 for TCA
1 μl at 90 minutes for TCA
0.5 μl at 90 minutes for gel
e. The reaction is stopped after 30 minutes by adding 2 μl of 0.5M EDTA and performing one phenol/chloroform extraction, followed by one chloroform extraction. Then 10 μl of 10 M NH4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol are added to precipitate the first strand.
f. To analyze the synthesis, 0.5 μl of the reaction are run on a 1.5% agarose mini-gel, the gel is photographed, dried, and placed under film (generally an overnight exposure with an intensifying screen is adequate).
g. Calculate the mass of cDNA from the percent incorporation of label above background. 1 μg ss cDNA=1.4% incorporation.
2. Second Strand Synthesis
a. The cDNA-RNA is spun down by centrifugation in a benchtop microfuge for 15 minutes. The pellet is washed in 95% ethanol and dried.
b. The following mixture is assembled and incubated at 12° C. for 60 minutes.
______________________________________                                    
                         Final                                            
   Concen-                                                                
  Volume tration                                                          
______________________________________                                    
cDNA RNA, plus water                                                      
                   to 68 μl                                            
  5X 2nd strand buffer 20  μl 1X                                        
  10 mM β-NAD 1.5 μl 0.15 mM                                      
  4 mM dNTPs 5 μl 200 μM/ml                                         
  DNA polymerase I (10 U/μl) 2.5 μl 250 U/ml                        
  E.coli DNA ligase (2 U/μl) 2 μl 40 U/ml                           
  RNase H (2.3 U/μl) 1 μl 23 U/ml                                   
   100 μl                                                              
______________________________________
c. To this mix is added the following, and incubation continues at 22° C. for 60 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
DNA polymerase I (10 U/μl)                                             
                         1.5 μl                                        
  E. coli DNA ligase (2 U/μl) 1.5 μl                                
______________________________________
d. The reaction is stopped after 60 minutes by adding 4 μl of 0.5M EDTA and performing one phenol/chloroform extraction and one chloroform extraction.
e. The aqueous phase is run over a G-50 column in a short Pasteur pipet and 100 μl fractions are collected. The 500 μls containing the cDNA is collected and pooled, and butanol extracted down to a volume of ˜50 μl. The cDNA is precipitated by adding 10 μl of 10 M NH4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol.
3. T4 Polymerase Reaction
a. The cDNA is spun down in a microfuge for 15 minutes. A 95% ethanol wash is performed and the cDNA pellet is dried. The dry pellet is counted in a scintillation counter. Assume 100% efficiency of the 2nd strand reaction, and calculate mass of double-stranded cDNA from the first strand calculation.
b. To the cDNA is added the following, and the mixture is incubated at 37° C. for 20 minutes.
______________________________________                                    
cDNA                    +                                                 
  10X T4 buffer 5 μl                                                   
  H.sub.2 O 40.75 μl                                                   
  4 mM dNTPs 1.25 μl                                                   
  0.1 mM DTT 2.5 μl                                                    
  T4 polymerase (10 U/μl) 0.5 μl                                    
   50 μl                                                               
______________________________________
c. Aliquots are taken:
0.5 μl for gel at time 0
0.5 μl for gel at 20 minutes
d. The reaction is stopped after 20 minutes by adding 2 μl of 0.5 M EDTA, followed by a phenol/chloroform extraction and a chloroform extraction.
e. The aqueous phase is run over a G-50 column in a short Pasteur pipet and 100 μl fractions are collected. The 500 μls containing the cDNA is collected and pooled, and butanol extracted down to a volume of ˜50 μl. The cDNA is precipitated by adding 10 μl of 10 M NH4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol.
f. The 0.5 μl samples taken at time 0 and 20 minutes are run on a 1.5% agarose mini-gel, which is subsequently photographed, dried, and placed under film.
4. Addition of EcoRI Adapters (for insertion into lambda gt11)
a. Oligos are synthesized having the following sequences:
20 mer:     5'-CCATGGTACCTTCGTTGACG-3'                                    
   - 24 mer: 3'-GGTACCATGGAAGCAACTGCTTAA-5'
b. The 20 mer is phosphorylated by combining the following reagents and incubated at 37° C. for 15 minutes.:
______________________________________                                    
225 pmoles 20 mer         +                                               
  water 6.8 μl                                                         
  10X kinase buffer 1.2 μl                                             
  .sup.32 P-gammaATP (7000 Ci/mmole) 1.0 μl                            
  kinase (2 U/μl) 1.0 μl                                            
   10 μl                                                               
______________________________________
c. The following two reagents are added to above mixture and it is incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
10 mM ATP           1 μl                                               
  kinase (2 U/ml) 1 μl                                                 
   12 μl (total b + c)                                                 
______________________________________
d. The enzyme is then inactivated by boiling for 10 minutes.
e. The 24 mer is hybridized to the phosphorylated 20 mer by addition of 225 pmoles of the 24 mer (plus water to bring volume to 15 μl), and incubation at 65° C. for 5 minutes. The reaction is then allowed to slow cool to room temperature.
The adapters are now present at a concentration of 15 pmoles/μl, and are ready for cDNA-vector ligation.
f. Combine the following:
______________________________________                                    
cDNA               +                                                      
  hybridized adapters (15 pmol/μl) 50-fold molar excess over           
   cDNA                                                                   
  water 16 μl                                                          
  10X ligase buffer 2 μl                                               
  ligase (10 U/μl) 2 μl                                             
   20 μl                                                               
______________________________________
5. Phosphorylation of cDNA
a. The ligase is inactivated by heating the mixture to 72° C. for 15 minutes.
b. The following reagents are added to the cDNA ligation reaction and it is heated at 37° C. for 30 minutes:
______________________________________                                    
cDNA ligation reaction  20 μl                                          
  water 24 μl                                                          
  10X kinase buffer 3 μl                                               
  10 mM ATP 1 μl                                                       
  kinase (2 U/μl) 2 μl                                              
   50 μl                                                               
______________________________________
c. The reaction is stopped by the addition of 2 μl 0.5M EDTA, followed by one phenol/chloroform extraction and one chloroform extraction.
6. Purification and Size-Selection of cDNA
a. The cDNA is run over a BIO-GEL A-50 column that has been washed with ≧5 ml of TE buffer. The column has 0.8 ml bed resin in a 0.2 cm (inner diameter)×30 cm siliconized glass tube with a glass wool plug in a yellow pipet tip at the bottom.
b. The cDNA is dried down in a speed vac to ˜20 μl. 2.5 μl of gel loading dye is added and the cDNA is run over the column. The counts begin coming off after running 200-250 μl TE buffer through the column. 5 minute fractions (˜30 μl) are collected and counted in a scintillation counter. Free adapters may begin to elute off 350-400 μl after the cDNA starts to elute.
c. 0.5 μl of several of the collected fractions are run on a 1.5% agarose minigel. The gel is photographed, dried down, and placed under film.
7. Ligation of cDNA to lambda gt11 vector
a. The fractions containing cDNA are pooled, butanol extracted down to 20-30 μl, and 5 μl of 10M NH4 OAc plus two volumes of ethanol is added to precipitate the cDNA. It is spun in a microfuge for 15 minutes, and then subjected to a 95% ethanol wash and dry.
b. The pellet is counted, and the mass of cDNA is calculated relative to the mass after the second strand synthesis.
c. The cDNA is resuspended in TE (˜0.10 pmol/μl).
d. The ligation reaction contains the following, which is incubated at 14-16° C. overnight:
(use 1 μg of lambda gt11 vector =0.035 pmol vector)
______________________________________                                    
lambda gt11 (1 μg/μl)                                               
                 1 μl                                                  
  cDNA insert (2-4 fold molar excess of cDNA                              
   over vector)                                                           
  water to 3 μl                                                        
  5X ligase buffer 1 μl                                                
  ligase (10 U/μl) 1 μl                                             
   5 μl                                                                
______________________________________
8. Packaging
The vector is packaged using the Gigapack in vitro packaging kit supplied by Strategene, and following the instructions contained therein.
 ______________________________________                                    
REAGENTS                                                                  
______________________________________                                    
5X RT buffer                                                              
  250 mM Tris, pH 7.4 250 μl of 1M                                     
  375 mM KCl 375 μl of 1M                                              
  15 mM MgCl.sub.2 75 μl of 0.2M                                       
  H.sub.2 O 300 μl                                                     
   1000  μl                                                             
  5X dNTPs                                                                
  5 mM dATP 14.1 μl                                                    
  3 mM dCTP 9.1 μl                                                     
  5 mM dGTP 13.6 μl                                                    
  5 mM dTTP 13.3 μl                                                    
   50 μl                                                               
  5X 2nd Strand Buffer                                                    
  100 mM Tris, pH 7.5 100 μl of 1M                                     
  500 mM KCl 500 μl of 1M                                              
  50 mM (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 50 μl of 1M                          
  25 mM MgCl.sub.2 125 μl of 0.2M                                      
  250 μg/ml BSA 5 μl of 50 mg/ml                                    
  water 220 μl                                                         
   1000 μl                                                             
  10X T4 buffer                                                           
  670 mM Tris, pH 8.0 670 μl of 1M                                     
  167 mM (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4 167 μl of 1M                        
  67 mM MgCl.sub.2 67 μl of 1M                                         
  H.sub.2 O 96 μl                                                      
   1000 μl                                                             
______________________________________
EXAMPLE 3 Screening cDNA Library with Antibody
Plate lambda gt11 library on Y1090 in LB agar and 50 μg/ml ampicillin. Grow overnight in 15 ml of LB, 0.2% maltose and 50 μg/ml ampicillin. Pellet the cells and resuspend in 3 ml of 10 mM MgSO4. Plate four plates at 250,000 plaques/plate using 25 μl of phage (10,000/μl) and 300 μl of said 3 ml solution of cells in 10 ml soft agar containing 50 μg/ml ampicillin.
Grow at 42° C. for 2.5 hours and overlay IPTG-treated filters which were soaked in 10 mM IPTG (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.). Dry filters until just moist, lay them in the plates and incubate overnight at 37° C.
Orient the plates and spot 0.5 μl of purified DHP receptor on one plate as a positive control. Wash the filters for 10 min at room temperature TBS (50 mM TRIS, 150 mM NaCl, pH 8.0). Wash filters in TBS, 20% FCS (filtered) for 30 min at room temp.
Incubate the filters for 2 hours in TBS, 20% FCS, anti-DHS-receptor antibody (monoclonal or polyclonal). Wash for 10 min in TBS. Transfer filters to new plates and wash for 1 min in TBS, 0.1% NP40. Wash for 10 min in TBS and transfer to new plates.
Incubate for at least 1 hour with TBS, 20% FCS containing an appropriate second antiboby (e.g. HRP-Protein A; or HRP-goat anti-mouse IgG).
Wash filters as described above for the first antibody.
Develop the positive clones using about 40 ml/plate of 4-chloro-1-naphthol reagent which is made by dissolving 60 mg of said developer in 20 ml of ice cold MeOH and mixing 4-chloro-1-naphthol (Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wis.) into 100 ml of TBS containing 60 μl of 30% H2 O2.
EXAMPLE 4 An Human Neuronal Calcium Channel (Alpha)2 -Subunit-Encoding cDNA
Because of the indications, mentioned supra, that human calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit genes had diverged somewhat from rabbit calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit genes, human (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding fragments were isolated to use as probes to screen human brain cDNA libraries under high stringency conditions.
Thus, an EcoRI-digested human genomic Southern blot was probed under both low and high stringency conditions with a fragment of rabbit (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding cDNA (the fragment from nucleotide 43 to nucleotide 272 indicated in FIG. 2). Under low stringency conditions, two genomic fragments were identified, of 3.0 kbp and 3.5 kbp in size. Under high stringency conditions, only the 3.5 kbp fragment maintained a stable hybrid. These two fragments were cloned into lambda-gt11. The 3.5 kbp fragment includes a small PstI-XbaI fragment, of about 300 bp, which includes an 82 bp exon with 96.4% homology to nucleotides 102 to 183 of the sequence in FIG. 2. This exon is preceded by the dinucleotide AG (splice donor) and followed by the dinucleotide GT (splice acceptor), as understood in the art. The 3.0 kbp fragment includes an XbaI-BglII fragment, of about 585 bp, which includes 104 bp of an exon (which includes the BglII site at its downstream end) which, in the 104 bp, has 93.3% homology to nucleotides 184 to 287 of the sequence in FIG. 2. Both the 300 bp, PstI-XbaI fragment and the 585 bp, XbaI-BglII fragments were used to probe duplicate lifts of a human basal ganglia cDNA library in lambda-gt11 (the library having been obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., USA, and containing about 106 independent recombinants with an average insert size of 800-1000 bp). Three positive clones were identified which hybridized to both probes under high stringency conditions, one with an insert size of about 1150 bp, another with an insert size of about 790 bp, and the third with an insert size of about 670 bp. The 1150 bp insert in the one clone extended into the coding region from about nucleotide 200 in the coding region and was found to have a sequence more than 90% homologous to that of the corresponding segment of the cDNA whose sequence is presented in FIG. 2. Using the lambda genome with the 1150 bp insert as probe, an human brain stem cDNA library (also purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, and having about 4×106 independent recombinants with an average insert size of 800-1000 bp) was probed under high stringency conditions. In this probing, four positive clones were identified, with inserts of about 950 bp, 1120 bp, 3000 bp and 2500 bp. Most of the 1120 bp insert overlapped the 1150 bp insert of the DNA used as probe but extended somewhat upstream from the upstream end of the 1150 bp insert. The 2500 bp insert extended downstream from about 650 bp from the 5'-end of the 1120 bp insert. The DNA with the 2500 bp insert was used to again probe the brain stem library, and a clone with a 2750 bp insert was found. The 2750 bp insert was found by restriction analysis and sequencing to extend in the 3'-direction beyond the translational stop signal of a reading frame that was found to begin in the 1120 bp insert described above. The 2750 bp insert and 1120 bp insert have a PvuII site in common and have been ligated using the PvuII site to provide a cDNA that encodes a human neuronal calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit The 5'-1560 bp of this cDNA have been sequenced and, as illustrated in FIG. 3, found to be 91.2% homologous with the corresponding 1575 bp segment indicated in FIG. 2.
The human (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding cDNA will be subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pSV2DHFR, which is available in the art, for expression in mammalian tissue culture cells.
We obtained the human neuroblastoma cell line IMR32 from the American Type Culture Collection (accession no. CCL127). A northern blot analysis was carried out on poly A+ RNA from this cell line using the full-length human (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding cDNA. Under low stringency washing, a single 8.2 kb fragment was found. The rabbit skeletal muscle (alpha)2 -encoding messenger RNA also had a size similar to 8.2 kb. While the invention has been described herein with some specificity, the ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize numerous variations and modifications, in what is described, that are within the spirit of the invention. Such variations and modifications are within the scope of the invention as described in the claims herein.
Various features of the invention are also described in the following claims.
__________________________________________________________________________
#             SEQUENCE LISTING                                            
   - -  - - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                      
   - -    (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 3                                    
   - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                              
   - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                 
            (A) LENGTH: 5975 base - #pairs                                
            (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                        
            (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                      
            (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                          
   - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                       
   - -     (ix) FEATURE:                                                  
            (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence                             
            (B) LOCATION: 79...5700                                       
            (D) OTHER INFORMATION:                                        
   - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                        
   - -  GCGGGGAACA CTGGGGACGC AGGGAAGAGA GGGCCGCGGG GTGGGGGAGC - #AGCAGGAA
GC  60                                                                    
  - -  GCCGTGGCCA GGGAAGCC ATG GAG CCA TCC TCA CCC - #CAG GAT GAG GGC CTG 
   111                                                                    
                   - #   Met Glu Pro Ser Ser Pro Gln Asp Glu - # Gly Leu  
                   - #    1              - # 5                 - # 10     
  - -  AGG AAG AAA CAG CCC AAG AAG CCC CTG CCC - #GAG GTC CTG CCC AGG CCG 
   159                                                                    
  Arg Lys Lys Gln Pro Lys Lys Pro Leu Pro - #Glu Val Leu Pro Arg Pro      
              15     - #             20     - #             25            
  - -  CCG CGG GCT CTG TTC TGC CTG ACC CTG CAG - #AAC CCG CTG AGG AAG GCG 
   207                                                                    
  Pro Arg Ala Leu Phe Cys Leu Thr Leu Gln - #Asn Pro Leu Arg Lys Ala      
          30         - #         35         - #         40                
  - -  TGC ATC AGC ATC GTG GAA TGG AAA CCC TTC - #GAG ACC ATC ATC CTG CTC 
   255                                                                    
  Cys Ile Ser Ile Val Glu Trp Lys Pro Phe - #Glu Thr Ile Ile Leu Leu      
      45             - #     50             - #     55                    
  - -  ACC ATC TTT GCC AAC TGT GTG GCC CTG GCC - #GTG TAC CTG CCC ATG CCC 
   303                                                                    
  Thr Ile Phe Ala Asn Cys Val Ala Leu Ala - #Val Tyr Leu Pro Met Pro      
  60                 - # 65                 - # 70                 - # 75 
  - -  GAG GAT GAC AAC AAC TCC CTG AAC CTG GGC - #CTG GAG AAG CTG GAG TAC 
   351                                                                    
  Glu Asp Asp Asn Asn Ser Leu Asn Leu Gly - #Leu Glu Lys Leu Glu Tyr      
                  80 - #                 85 - #                 90        
  - -  TTC TTC CTC ACC GTC TTC TCC ATC GAA GCC - #GCC ATG AAG ATC ATC GCC 
   399                                                                    
  Phe Phe Leu Thr Val Phe Ser Ile Glu Ala - #Ala Met Lys Ile Ile Ala      
              95     - #             100    - #             105           
  - -  TAC GGC TTC CTG TTC CAC CAG GAC GCC TAC - #CTG CGC AGC GGC TGG AAC 
   447                                                                    
  Tyr Gly Phe Leu Phe His Gln Asp Ala Tyr - #Leu Arg Ser Gly Trp Asn      
          110         - #        115         - #        120               
  - -  GTG CTG GAC TTC ATC ATC GTC TTC CTG GGG - #GTC TTC ACG GCG ATT CTG 
   495                                                                    
  Val Leu Asp Phe Ile Ile Val Phe Leu Gly - #Val Phe Thr Ala Ile Leu      
      125             - #    130             - #    135                   
  - -  GAA CAG GTC AAC GTC ATC CAG AGC AAC ACG - #GCC CCG ATG AGC AGC AAA 
   543                                                                    
  Glu Gln Val Asn Val Ile Gln Ser Asn Thr - #Ala Pro Met Ser Ser Lys      
  140                 - #145                 - #150                 -     
#155                                                                      
   - -  GGA GCC GGC CTG GAC GTC AAG GCC CTG AGG - #GCC TTC CGT GTG CTC    
AGA    591                                                                
   Gly Ala Gly Leu Asp Val Lys Ala Leu Arg - #Ala Phe Arg Val Leu Arg     
                  160 - #                165 - #                170       
  - -  CCC CTC CGG CTG GTG TCG GGG GTG CCT AGT - #TTG CAG GTG GTC CTC AAC 
   639                                                                    
  Pro Leu Arg Leu Val Ser Gly Val Pro Ser - #Leu Gln Val Val Leu Asn      
              175     - #            180     - #            185           
  - -  TCC ATC TTC AAG GCC ATG CTC CCC CTG TTC - #CAC ATC GCC CTG CTC GTC 
   687                                                                    
  Ser Ile Phe Lys Ala Met Leu Pro Leu Phe - #His Ile Ala Leu Leu Val      
          190         - #        195         - #        200               
  - -  CTC TTC ATG GTC ATC ATC TAC GCC ATC ATC - #GGG CTG GAG CTC TTC AAG 
   735                                                                    
  Leu Phe Met Val Ile Ile Tyr Ala Ile Ile - #Gly Leu Glu Leu Phe Lys      
      205             - #    210             - #    215                   
  - -  GGC AAG ATG CAC AAG ACC TGC TAC TAC ATC - #GGG ACA GAC ATC GTG GCC 
   783                                                                    
  Gly Lys Met His Lys Thr Cys Tyr Tyr Ile - #Gly Thr Asp Ile Val Ala      
  220                 - #225                 - #230                 -     
#235                                                                      
   - -  ACA GTG GAG AAT GAG AAG CCC TCG CCC TGC - #GCT AGG ACG GGC TCG    
GGG    831                                                                
   Thr Val Glu Asn Glu Lys Pro Ser Pro Cys - #Ala Arg Thr Gly Ser Gly     
                  240 - #                245 - #                250       
  - -  CGC CCC TGC ACC ATC AAC GGC AGC GAG TGC - #CGG GGC GGC TGG CCG GGG 
   879                                                                    
  Arg Pro Cys Thr Ile Asn Gly Ser Glu Cys - #Arg Gly Gly Trp Pro Gly      
              255     - #            260     - #            265           
  - -  CCC AAC CAC GGC ATC ACG CAC TTC GAC AAC - #TTC GGC TTC TCC ATG CTC 
   927                                                                    
  Pro Asn His Gly Ile Thr His Phe Asp Asn - #Phe Gly Phe Ser Met Leu      
          270         - #        275         - #        280               
  - -  ACC GTG TAC CAG TGC ATC ACC ATG GAG GGC - #TGG ACA GAT GTC CTC TAC 
   975                                                                    
  Thr Val Tyr Gln Cys Ile Thr Met Glu Gly - #Trp Thr Asp Val Leu Tyr      
      285             - #    290             - #    295                   
  - -  TGG GTC AAC GAT GCC ATC GGG AAC GAG TGG - #CCC TGG ATC TAC TTT GTC 
   1023                                                                   
  Trp Val Asn Asp Ala Ile Gly Asn Glu Trp - #Pro Trp Ile Tyr Phe Val      
  300                 - #305                 - #310                 -     
#315                                                                      
   - -  ACT CTC ATC CTG CTG GGG TCC TTC TTC ATC - #CTC AAC CTG GTG CTG    
GGC    1071                                                               
   Thr Leu Ile Leu Leu Gly Ser Phe Phe Ile - #Leu Asn Leu Val Leu Gly     
                  320 - #                325 - #                330       
  - -  GTC CTG AGT GGG GAA TTC ACC AAG GAG CGG - #GAG AAG GCC AAG TCC AGG 
   1119                                                                   
  Val Leu Ser Gly Glu Phe Thr Lys Glu Arg - #Glu Lys Ala Lys Ser Arg      
              335     - #            340     - #            345           
  - -  GGA ACC TTC CAG AAG CTG CGG GAG AAG CAG - #CAG CTG GAG GAG GAC CTT 
   1167                                                                   
  Gly Thr Phe Gln Lys Leu Arg Glu Lys Gln - #Gln Leu Glu Glu Asp Leu      
          350         - #        355         - #        360               
  - -  CGG GGC TAC ATG AGC TGG ATC ACG CAG GGC - #GAG GTC ATG GAC GTG GAG 
   1215                                                                   
  Arg Gly Tyr Met Ser Trp Ile Thr Gln Gly - #Glu Val Met Asp Val Glu      
      365             - #    370             - #    375                   
  - -  GAC CTG AGA GAA GGA AAG CTG TCC TTG GAA - #GAG GGA GGC TCC GAC ACG 
   1263                                                                   
  Asp Leu Arg Glu Gly Lys Leu Ser Leu Glu - #Glu Gly Gly Ser Asp Thr      
  380                 - #385                 - #390                 -     
#395                                                                      
   - -  GAA AGC CTG TAC GAA ATC GAG GGC TTG AAC - #AAA ATC ATC CAG TTC    
ATC    1311                                                               
   Glu Ser Leu Tyr Glu Ile Glu Gly Leu Asn - #Lys Ile Ile Gln Phe Ile     
                  400 - #                405 - #                410       
  - -  CGA CAC TGG AGG CAG TGG AAC CGT GTC TTT - #CGC TGG AAG TGC CAT GAC 
   1359                                                                   
  Arg His Trp Arg Gln Trp Asn Arg Val Phe - #Arg Trp Lys Cys His Asp      
              415     - #            420     - #            425           
  - -  CTG GTG AAG TCG AGA GTC TTC TAC TGG CTG - #GTC ATC CTG ATC GTG GCC 
   1407                                                                   
  Leu Val Lys Ser Arg Val Phe Tyr Trp Leu - #Val Ile Leu Ile Val Ala      
          430         - #        435         - #        440               
  - -  CTC AAC ACC CTG TCC ATC GCC TCG GAG CAC - #CAC AAC CAG CCG CTC TGG 
   1455                                                                   
  Leu Asn Thr Leu Ser Ile Ala Ser Glu His - #His Asn Gln Pro Leu Trp      
      445             - #    450             - #    455                   
  - -  CTG ACC CAC TTG CAA GAC ATC GCC AAT CGA - #GTG CTG CTG TCA CTC TTC 
   1503                                                                   
  Leu Thr His Leu Gln Asp Ile Ala Asn Arg - #Val Leu Leu Ser Leu Phe      
  460                 - #465                 - #470                 -     
#475                                                                      
   - -  ACC ATC GAG ATG CTG CTG AAG ATG TAC GGG - #CTG GGC CTG CGC CAG    
TAC    1551                                                               
   Thr Ile Glu Met Leu Leu Lys Met Tyr Gly - #Leu Gly Leu Arg Gln Tyr     
                  480 - #                485 - #                490       
  - -  TTC ATG TCC ATC TTC AAC CGC TTC GAC TGC - #TTC GTG GTG TGC AGC GGC 
   1599                                                                   
  Phe Met Ser Ile Phe Asn Arg Phe Asp Cys - #Phe Val Val Cys Ser Gly      
              495     - #            500     - #            505           
  - -  ATC CTG GAG CTG CTG CTG GTG GAG TCG GGC - #GCC ATG ACG CCG CTG GGC 
   1647                                                                   
  Ile Leu Glu Leu Leu Leu Val Glu Ser Gly - #Ala Met Thr Pro Leu Gly      
          510         - #        515         - #        520               
  - -  ATC TCC GTG TTG CGC TGC ATC CGC CTC CTG - #AGG CTC TTC AAG ATC ACC 
   1695                                                                   
  Ile Ser Val Leu Arg Cys Ile Arg Leu Leu - #Arg Leu Phe Lys Ile Thr      
      525             - #    530             - #    535                   
  - -  AAG TAC TGG ACG TCG CTC AGC AAC CTG GTG - #GCC TCC CTG CTC AAC TCC 
   1743                                                                   
  Lys Tyr Trp Thr Ser Leu Ser Asn Leu Val - #Ala Ser Leu Leu Asn Ser      
  540                 - #545                 - #550                 -     
#555                                                                      
   - -  ATC CGC TCC ATC GCC TCG CTG CTG CTG CTG - #CTC TTC CTC TTC ATC    
ATC    1791                                                               
   Ile Arg Ser Ile Ala Ser Leu Leu Leu Leu - #Leu Phe Leu Phe Ile Ile     
                  560 - #                565 - #                570       
  - -  ATC TTC GCC CTG CTG GGC ATG CAG CTC TTC - #GGG GGG CGG TAC GAC TTC 
   1839                                                                   
  Ile Phe Ala Leu Leu Gly Met Gln Leu Phe - #Gly Gly Arg Tyr Asp Phe      
              575     - #            580     - #            585           
  - -  GAG GAC ACG GAA GTG CGA CGC AGC AAC TTC - #GAC AAC TTC CCC CAG GCC 
   1887                                                                   
  Glu Asp Thr Glu Val Arg Arg Ser Asn Phe - #Asp Asn Phe Pro Gln Ala      
          590         - #        595         - #        600               
  - -  CTC ATC AGC GTC TTC CAG GTG CTG ACG GGT - #GAG GAC TGG AAC TCC GTG 
   1935                                                                   
  Leu Ile Ser Val Phe Gln Val Leu Thr Gly - #Glu Asp Trp Asn Ser Val      
      605             - #    610             - #    615                   
  - -  ATG TAC AAC GGG ATC ATG GCC TAC GGA GGC - #CCG TCC TAC CCG GGC GTT 
   1983                                                                   
  Met Tyr Asn Gly Ile Met Ala Tyr Gly Gly - #Pro Ser Tyr Pro Gly Val      
  620                 - #625                 - #630                 -     
#635                                                                      
   - -  CTC GTG TGC ATC TAT TTC ATC ATC CTT TTT - #GTC TGC GGC AAC TAT    
ATC    2031                                                               
   Leu Val Cys Ile Tyr Phe Ile Ile Leu Phe - #Val Cys Gly Asn Tyr Ile     
                  640 - #                645 - #                650       
  - -  CTG CTG AAT GTC TTC CTG GCC ATC GCC GTG - #GAC AAC CTG GCC GAG GCC 
   2079                                                                   
  Leu Leu Asn Val Phe Leu Ala Ile Ala Val - #Asp Asn Leu Ala Glu Ala      
              655     - #            660     - #            665           
  - -  GAG AGC CTG ACT TCC GCG CAA AAG GCC AAG - #GCC GAG GAG AGG AAA CGT 
   2127                                                                   
  Glu Ser Leu Thr Ser Ala Gln Lys Ala Lys - #Ala Glu Glu Arg Lys Arg      
          670         - #        675         - #        680               
  - -  AGG AAG ATG TCC AGG GGT CTC CCT GAC AAG - #ACG GAG GAG GAG AAG TCT 
   2175                                                                   
  Arg Lys Met Ser Arg Gly Leu Pro Asp Lys - #Thr Glu Glu Glu Lys Ser      
      685             - #    690             - #    695                   
  - -  GTG ATG GCC AAG AAG CTG GAG CAG AAG CCC - #AAG GGG GAG GGC ATC CCC 
   2223                                                                   
  Val Met Ala Lys Lys Leu Glu Gln Lys Pro - #Lys Gly Glu Gly Ile Pro      
  700                 - #705                 - #710                 -     
#715                                                                      
   - -  ACC ACT GCC AAG CTC AAG GTC GAT GAG TTC - #GAA TCT AAC GTC AAC    
GAG    2271                                                               
   Thr Thr Ala Lys Leu Lys Val Asp Glu Phe - #Glu Ser Asn Val Asn Glu     
                  720 - #                725 - #                730       
  - -  GTG AAG GAC CCC TAC CCT TCA GCT GAC TTC - #CCA GGG GAT GAT GAG GAG 
   2319                                                                   
  Val Lys Asp Pro Tyr Pro Ser Ala Asp Phe - #Pro Gly Asp Asp Glu Glu      
              735     - #            740     - #            745           
  - -  GAC GAG CCT GAG ATC CCA GTG AGC CCC CGA - #CCG CGC CCG CTG GCC GAG 
   2367                                                                   
  Asp Glu Pro Glu Ile Pro Val Ser Pro Arg - #Pro Arg Pro Leu Ala Glu      
          750         - #        755         - #        760               
  - -  CTG CAG CTC AAA GAG AAG GCA GTG CCC ATC - #CCG GAA GCC AGC TCC TTC 
   2415                                                                   
  Leu Gln Leu Lys Glu Lys Ala Val Pro Ile - #Pro Glu Ala Ser Ser Phe      
      765             - #    770             - #    775                   
  - -  TTC ATC TTC AGT CCC ACC AAT AAG GTC CGT - #GTC CTG TGT CAC CGC ATC 
   2463                                                                   
  Phe Ile Phe Ser Pro Thr Asn Lys Val Arg - #Val Leu Cys His Arg Ile      
  780                 - #785                 - #790                 -     
#795                                                                      
   - -  GTC AAC GCC ACC TGG TTC ACC AAC TTC ATC - #CTG CTC TTC ATC CTG    
CTC    2511                                                               
   Val Asn Ala Thr Trp Phe Thr Asn Phe Ile - #Leu Leu Phe Ile Leu Leu     
                  800 - #                805 - #                810       
  - -  AGC AGT GCT GCG CTG GCC GCC GAG GAC CCC - #ATC CGG GCG GAG TCC GTG 
   2559                                                                   
  Ser Ser Ala Ala Leu Ala Ala Glu Asp Pro - #Ile Arg Ala Glu Ser Val      
              815     - #            820     - #            825           
  - -  AGG AAT CAG ATC CTT GGA TAT TTT GAT ATT - #GCC TTC ACC TCT GTC TTC 
   2607                                                                   
  Arg Asn Gln Ile Leu Gly Tyr Phe Asp Ile - #Ala Phe Thr Ser Val Phe      
          830         - #        835         - #        840               
  - -  ACT GTG GAG ATT GTC CTC AAG ATG ACA ACC - #TAC GGC GCC TTC CTG CAC 
   2655                                                                   
  Thr Val Glu Ile Val Leu Lys Met Thr Thr - #Tyr Gly Ala Phe Leu His      
      845             - #    850             - #    855                   
  - -  AAG GGC TCC TTC TGC CGC AAC TAC TTC AAC - #ATC CTG GAC CTG CTG GTG 
   2703                                                                   
  Lys Gly Ser Phe Cys Arg Asn Tyr Phe Asn - #Ile Leu Asp Leu Leu Val      
  860                 - #865                 - #870                 -     
#875                                                                      
   - -  GTG GCC GTG TCT CTC ATC TCC ATG GGT CTC - #GAG TCC AGC ACC ATC    
TCC    2751                                                               
   Val Ala Val Ser Leu Ile Ser Met Gly Leu - #Glu Ser Ser Thr Ile Ser     
                  880 - #                885 - #                890       
  - -  GTG GTA AAG ATC CTG AGA GTG CTA AGG GTG - #CTC CGG CCC CTG CGA GCC 
   2799                                                                   
  Val Val Lys Ile Leu Arg Val Leu Arg Val - #Leu Arg Pro Leu Arg Ala      
              895     - #            900     - #            905           
  - -  ATC AAC AGA GCC AAA GGG TTG AAG CAC GTG - #GTC CAG TGC GTG TTC GTG 
   2847                                                                   
  Ile Asn Arg Ala Lys Gly Leu Lys His Val - #Val Gln Cys Val Phe Val      
          910         - #        915         - #        920               
  - -  GCC ATC CGC ACC ATC GGG AAC ATC GTC CTG - #GTC ACC ACG CTC CTG CAG 
   2895                                                                   
  Ala Ile Arg Thr Ile Gly Asn Ile Val Leu - #Val Thr Thr Leu Leu Gln      
      925             - #    930             - #    935                   
  - -  TTC ATG TTC GCC TGC ATC GGT GTC CAG CTC - #TTC AAG GGC AAG TTC TTC 
   2943                                                                   
  Phe Met Phe Ala Cys Ile Gly Val Gln Leu - #Phe Lys Gly Lys Phe Phe      
  940                 - #945                 - #950                 -     
#955                                                                      
   - -  AGC TGC AAT GAC CTA TCC AAG ATG ACA GAA - #GAG GAG TGC AGG GGC    
TAC    2991                                                               
   Ser Cys Asn Asp Leu Ser Lys Met Thr Glu - #Glu Glu Cys Arg Gly Tyr     
                  960 - #                965 - #                970       
  - -  TAC TAT GTG TAC AAG GAC GGG GAC CCC ACG - #CAG ATG GAG CTG CGC CCC 
   3039                                                                   
  Tyr Tyr Val Tyr Lys Asp Gly Asp Pro Thr - #Gln Met Glu Leu Arg Pro      
              975     - #            980     - #            985           
  - -  CGC CAG TGG ATA CAC AAT GAC TTC CAC TTT - #GAC AAC GTG CTG TCG GCC 
   3087                                                                   
  Arg Gln Trp Ile His Asn Asp Phe His Phe - #Asp Asn Val Leu Ser Ala      
          990         - #        995         - #       1000               
  - -  ATG ATG TCG CTC TTC ACG GTG TCC ACC TTC - #GAG GGA TGG CCC CAG CTG 
   3135                                                                   
  Met Met Ser Leu Phe Thr Val Ser Thr Phe - #Glu Gly Trp Pro Gln Leu      
     1005             - #   1010              - #  1015                   
  - -  CTG TAC AGG GCC ATA GAC TCC AAC GAG GAG - #GAC ATG GGC CCC GTT TAC 
   3183                                                                   
  Leu Tyr Arg Ala Ile Asp Ser Asn Glu Glu - #Asp Met Gly Pro Val Tyr      
  1020                - #1025                103 - #0                1035 
  - -  AAC AAC CGA GTG GAG ATG GCC ATC TTC TTC - #ATC ATC TAC ATC ATC CTC 
   3231                                                                   
  Asn Asn Arg Val Glu Met Ala Ile Phe Phe - #Ile Ile Tyr Ile Ile Leu      
                 1040 - #               1045  - #              1050       
  - -  ATT GCC TTC TTC ATG ATG AAC ATC TTT GTG - #GGC TTT GTC ATC GTC ACC 
   3279                                                                   
  Ile Ala Phe Phe Met Met Asn Ile Phe Val - #Gly Phe Val Ile Val Thr      
             1055     - #           1060      - #          1065           
  - -  TTC CAG GAG CAG GGG GAG ACG GAG TAC AAG - #AAC TGC GAG CTG GAC AAG 
   3327                                                                   
  Phe Gln Glu Gln Gly Glu Thr Glu Tyr Lys - #Asn Cys Glu Leu Asp Lys      
         1070         - #       1075          - #      1080               
  - -  AAC CAG CGC CAG TGT GTG CAG TAT GCC CTG - #AAG GCC CGC CCA CTT CGG 
   3375                                                                   
  Asn Gln Arg Gln Cys Val Gln Tyr Ala Leu - #Lys Ala Arg Pro Leu Arg      
     1085             - #   1090              - #  1095                   
  - -  TGC TAC ATC CCC AAG AAC CCA TAC CAG TAC - #CAG GTG TGG TAC GTC GTC 
   3423                                                                   
  Cys Tyr Ile Pro Lys Asn Pro Tyr Gln Tyr - #Gln Val Trp Tyr Val Val      
  1100                - #1105                111 - #0                1115 
  - -  ACC TCC TCC TAC TTT GAA TAC CTG ATG TTC - #GCC CTC ATC ATG CTC AAC 
   3471                                                                   
  Thr Ser Ser Tyr Phe Glu Tyr Leu Met Phe - #Ala Leu Ile Met Leu Asn      
                 1120 - #               1125  - #              1130       
  - -  ACC ATC TGC CTG GGC ATG CAG CAC TAC CAC - #CAG TCG GAG GAG ATG AAC 
   3519                                                                   
  Thr Ile Cys Leu Gly Met Gln His Tyr His - #Gln Ser Glu Glu Met Asn      
             1135     - #           1140      - #          1145           
  - -  CAC ATC TCA GAC ATC CTC AAT GTG GCC TTC - #ACC ATC ATC TTC ACG CTG 
   3567                                                                   
  His Ile Ser Asp Ile Leu Asn Val Ala Phe - #Thr Ile Ile Phe Thr Leu      
         1150         - #       1155          - #      1160               
  - -  GAG ATG ATT CTC AAG CTC TTG GCG TTC AAG - #GCC AGG GGC TAT TTC GGA 
   3615                                                                   
  Glu Met Ile Leu Lys Leu Leu Ala Phe Lys - #Ala Arg Gly Tyr Phe Gly      
     1165             - #   1170              - #  1175                   
  - -  GAC CCC TGG AAT GTG TTC GAC TTC CTG ATC - #GTC ATC GGC AGC ATC ATT 
   3663                                                                   
  Asp Pro Trp Asn Val Phe Asp Phe Leu Ile - #Val Ile Gly Ser Ile Ile      
  1180                - #1185                119 - #0                1195 
  - -  GAC GTC ATC CTC AGC GAG ATC GAC ACT TTC - #CTG GCC TCC AGC GGG GGA 
   3711                                                                   
  Asp Val Ile Leu Ser Glu Ile Asp Thr Phe - #Leu Ala Ser Ser Gly Gly      
                 1200 - #               1205  - #              1210       
  - -  CTG TAT TGC CTG GGT GGC GGC TGC GGG AAC - #GTT GAC CCA GAC GAG AGC 
   3759                                                                   
  Leu Tyr Cys Leu Gly Gly Gly Cys Gly Asn - #Val Asp Pro Asp Glu Ser      
             1215     - #           1220      - #          1225           
  - -  GCC CGC ATC TCC AGT GCC TTC TTC CGC CTG - #TTC CGG GTT ATG AGG CTG 
   3807                                                                   
  Ala Arg Ile Ser Ser Ala Phe Phe Arg Leu - #Phe Arg Val Met Arg Leu      
         1230         - #       1235          - #      1240               
  - -  ATC AAG CTG CTG AGT CGG GCC GAG GGC GTG - #CGC ACG CTG CTG TGG ACG 
   3855                                                                   
  Ile Lys Leu Leu Ser Arg Ala Glu Gly Val - #Arg Thr Leu Leu Trp Thr      
     1245             - #   1250              - #  1255                   
  - -  TTC ATC AAG TCC TTC CAG GCC CTG CCC TAC - #GTG GCC CTG CTC ATC GTC 
   3903                                                                   
  Phe Ile Lys Ser Phe Gln Ala Leu Pro Tyr - #Val Ala Leu Leu Ile Val      
  1260                - #1265                127 - #0                1275 
  - -  ATG CTG TTC TTC ATC TAC GCC GTC ATC GGC - #ATG CAG ATG TTT GGA AAG 
   3951                                                                   
  Met Leu Phe Phe Ile Tyr Ala Val Ile Gly - #Met Gln Met Phe Gly Lys      
                 1280 - #               1285  - #              1290       
  - -  ATC GCC CTG GTG GAC GGG ACC CAG ATC AAC - #CGC AAC AAC AAC TTC CAG 
   3999                                                                   
  Ile Ala Leu Val Asp Gly Thr Gln Ile Asn - #Arg Asn Asn Asn Phe Gln      
             1295     - #           1300      - #          1305           
  - -  ACC TTC CCG CAG GCC GTG CTG CTG CTC TTC - #AGG TGT GCG ACA GGG GAG 
   4047                                                                   
  Thr Phe Pro Gln Ala Val Leu Leu Leu Phe - #Arg Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu      
         1310         - #       1315          - #      1320               
  - -  GCG TGG CAA GAG ATC CTG CTG GCC TGC AGC - #TAC GGG AAG TTG TGC GAC 
   4095                                                                   
  Ala Trp Gln Glu Ile Leu Leu Ala Cys Ser - #Tyr Gly Lys Leu Cys Asp      
     1325             - #   1330              - #  1335                   
  - -  CCA GAG TCA GAC TAC GCC CCG GGC GAG GAG - #TAC ACG TGT GGC ACC AAC 
   4143                                                                   
  Pro Glu Ser Asp Tyr Ala Pro Gly Glu Glu - #Tyr Thr Cys Gly Thr Asn      
  1340                - #1345                135 - #0                1355 
  - -  TTC GCC TAC TAC TAC TTC ATC AGC TTC TAC - #ATG CTC TGC GCC TTC CTG 
   4191                                                                   
  Phe Ala Tyr Tyr Tyr Phe Ile Ser Phe Tyr - #Met Leu Cys Ala Phe Leu      
                 1360 - #               1365  - #              1370       
  - -  ATC ATC AAC CTC TTC GTG GCT GTC ATC ATG - #GAC AAC TTT GAC TAC CTG 
   4239                                                                   
  Ile Ile Asn Leu Phe Val Ala Val Ile Met - #Asp Asn Phe Asp Tyr Leu      
             1375     - #           1380      - #          1385           
  - -  ACA CGC GAC TGG TCC ATC CTG GGC CCT CAC - #CAC CTG GAC GAG TTC AAG 
   4287                                                                   
  Thr Arg Asp Trp Ser Ile Leu Gly Pro His - #His Leu Asp Glu Phe Lys      
         1390         - #       1395          - #      1400               
  - -  GCC ATC TGG GCA GAG TAT GAC CCA GAG GCC - #AAG GGG CGA ATC AAG CAC 
   4335                                                                   
  Ala Ile Trp Ala Glu Tyr Asp Pro Glu Ala - #Lys Gly Arg Ile Lys His      
     1405             - #   1410              - #  1415                   
  - -  CTG GAC GTG GTG ACC CTG CTG AGA AGG ATC - #CAG CCC CCT CTG GGC TTC 
   4383                                                                   
  Leu Asp Val Val Thr Leu Leu Arg Arg Ile - #Gln Pro Pro Leu Gly Phe      
  1420                - #1425                143 - #0                1435 
  - -  GGG AAG TTC TGT CCA CAC CGG GTG GCC TGT - #AAG CGC CTG GTG GGC ATG 
   4431                                                                   
  Gly Lys Phe Cys Pro His Arg Val Ala Cys - #Lys Arg Leu Val Gly Met      
                 1440 - #               1445  - #              1450       
  - -  AAC ATG CCC CTG AAC AGT GAC GGC ACG GTC - #ACC TTC AAT GCC ACG CTC 
   4479                                                                   
  Asn Met Pro Leu Asn Ser Asp Gly Thr Val - #Thr Phe Asn Ala Thr Leu      
             1455     - #           1460      - #          1465           
  - -  TTT GCC CTG GTG CGC ACG GCC CTC AAG ATC - #AAG ACA GAA GGT AAC TTC 
   4527                                                                   
  Phe Ala Leu Val Arg Thr Ala Leu Lys Ile - #Lys Thr Glu Gly Asn Phe      
         1470         - #       1475          - #      1480               
  - -  GAG CAG GCC AAC GAG GAG CTG AGG GCC ATC - #ATC AAG AAG ATC TGG AAG 
   4575                                                                   
  Glu Gln Ala Asn Glu Glu Leu Arg Ala Ile - #Ile Lys Lys Ile Trp Lys      
     1485             - #   1490              - #  1495                   
  - -  AGA ACC AGC ATG AAG CTA CTG GAC CAG GTC - #ATC CCT CCC ATA GGA GAT 
   4623                                                                   
  Arg Thr Ser Met Lys Leu Leu Asp Gln Val - #Ile Pro Pro Ile Gly Asp      
  1500                - #1505                151 - #0                1515 
  - -  GAC GAG GTG ACC GTG GGG AAG TTC TAC GCC - #ACA TTC CTC ATC CAG GAG 
   4671                                                                   
  Asp Glu Val Thr Val Gly Lys Phe Tyr Ala - #Thr Phe Leu Ile Gln Glu      
                 1520 - #               1525  - #              1530       
  - -  CAC TTC CGG AAG TTC ATG AAG CGC CAG GAG - #GAA TAT TAT GGG TAT CGG 
   4719                                                                   
  His Phe Arg Lys Phe Met Lys Arg Gln Glu - #Glu Tyr Tyr Gly Tyr Arg      
             1535     - #           1540      - #          1545           
  - -  CCC AAG AAG GAC ACC GTG CAG ATC CAG GCT - #GGG CTG CGG ACC ATA GAG 
   4767                                                                   
  Pro Lys Lys Asp Thr Val Gln Ile Gln Ala - #Gly Leu Arg Thr Ile Glu      
         1550         - #       1555          - #      1560               
  - -  GAG GAG GCG GCC CCT GAG ATC CGC CGC ACC - #ATC TCA GGA GAC CTG ACC 
   4815                                                                   
  Glu Glu Ala Ala Pro Glu Ile Arg Arg Thr - #Ile Ser Gly Asp Leu Thr      
     1565             - #   1570              - #  1575                   
  - -  GCC GAG GAG GAG CTG GAG AGA GCC ATG GTG - #GAG GCT GCG ATG GAG GAG 
   4863                                                                   
  Ala Glu Glu Glu Leu Glu Arg Ala Met Val - #Glu Ala Ala Met Glu Glu      
  1580                - #1585                159 - #0                1595 
  - -  AGG ATC TTC CGG AGG ACC GGA GGC CTG TTT - #GGC CAG GTG GAC ACC TTC 
   4911                                                                   
  Arg Ile Phe Arg Arg Thr Gly Gly Leu Phe - #Gly Gln Val Asp Thr Phe      
                 1600 - #               1605  - #              1610       
  - -  CTG GAA AGG ACC AAC TCC CTA CCC CCG GTG - #ATG GCC AAC CAA AGA CCG 
   4959                                                                   
  Leu Glu Arg Thr Asn Ser Leu Pro Pro Val - #Met Ala Asn Gln Arg Pro      
             1615     - #           1620      - #          1625           
  - -  CTC CAG TTT GCT GAG ATA GAA ATG GAA GAG - #CTT GAG TCG CCT GTC TTC 
   5007                                                                   
  Leu Gln Phe Ala Glu Ile Glu Met Glu Glu - #Leu Glu Ser Pro Val Phe      
         1630         - #       1635          - #      1640               
  - -  TTG GAG GAC TTC CCT CAA GAC GCA AGA ACC - #AAC CCT CTC GCT CGT GCC 
   5055                                                                   
  Leu Glu Asp Phe Pro Gln Asp Ala Arg Thr - #Asn Pro Leu Ala Arg Ala      
     1645             - #   1650              - #  1655                   
  - -  AAT ACC AAC AAC GCC AAT GCC AAT GTT GCC - #TAT GGC AAC AGC AAC CAT 
   5103                                                                   
  Asn Thr Asn Asn Ala Asn Ala Asn Val Ala - #Tyr Gly Asn Ser Asn His      
  1660                - #1665                167 - #0                1675 
  - -  AGC AAC AAC CAG ATG TTT TCC AGC GTC CAC - #TGT GAA AGG GAG TTC CCG 
   5151                                                                   
  Ser Asn Asn Gln Met Phe Ser Ser Val His - #Cys Glu Arg Glu Phe Pro      
                 1680 - #               1685  - #              1690       
  - -  GGA GAG GCG GAG ACA CCG GCT GCC GGA CGA - #GGA GCC CTC AGC CAC TCC 
   5199                                                                   
  Gly Glu Ala Glu Thr Pro Ala Ala Gly Arg - #Gly Ala Leu Ser His Ser      
             1695     - #           1700      - #          1705           
  - -  CAC AGG GCC CTG GGA CCT CAC AGC AAG CCC - #TGT GCT GGA AAA CTG AAT 
   5247                                                                   
  His Arg Ala Leu Gly Pro His Ser Lys Pro - #Cys Ala Gly Lys Leu Asn      
         1710         - #       1715          - #      1720               
  - -  GGG CAG CTG GTC CAG CCG GGA ATG CCC ATC - #AAC CAG GCA CCT CCT GCC 
   5295                                                                   
  Gly Gln Leu Val Gln Pro Gly Met Pro Ile - #Asn Gln Ala Pro Pro Ala      
     1725             - #   1730              - #  1735                   
  - -  CCC TGC CAG CAG CCT AGC ACA GAT CCC CCA - #GAG CGC GGG CAG AGG AGG 
   5343                                                                   
  Pro Cys Gln Gln Pro Ser Thr Asp Pro Pro - #Glu Arg Gly Gln Arg Arg      
  1740                - #1745                175 - #0                1755 
  - -  ACC TCC CTG ACA GGG TCT CTG CAA GAC GAA - #GCA CCC CAG AGG AGG AGC 
   5391                                                                   
  Thr Ser Leu Thr Gly Ser Leu Gln Asp Glu - #Ala Pro Gln Arg Arg Ser      
                 1760 - #               1765  - #              1770       
  - -  TCC GAG GGG AGC ACC CCC AGG CGC CCG GCT - #CCT GCT ACA GCT CTG CTG 
   5439                                                                   
  Ser Glu Gly Ser Thr Pro Arg Arg Pro Ala - #Pro Ala Thr Ala Leu Leu      
             1775     - #           1780      - #          1785           
  - -  ATC CAA GAG GCT CTG GTT CGA GGG GGC CTG - #GAC ACC TTG GCA GCT GAT 
   5487                                                                   
  Ile Gln Glu Ala Leu Val Arg Gly Gly Leu - #Asp Thr Leu Ala Ala Asp      
         1790         - #       1795          - #      1800               
  - -  GCT GGC TTC GTC ATG GCA ACA AGC CAG GCC - #CTG GTA GAC GCC TGT CAG 
   5535                                                                   
  Ala Gly Phe Val Met Ala Thr Ser Gln Ala - #Leu Val Asp Ala Cys Gln      
     1805             - #   1810              - #  1815                   
  - -  ATG GAA CCG GAG GAA GTA GAG GTC GCA GCC - #ACA GAG CTA CTG AAA GAG 
   5583                                                                   
  Met Glu Pro Glu Glu Val Glu Val Ala Ala - #Thr Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu      
  1820                - #1825                183 - #0                1835 
  - -  CGA GAG TCC GTC CAG GGC ATG GCC AGT GTC - #CCG GGA AGC CTG AGC CGC 
   5631                                                                   
  Arg Glu Ser Val Gln Gly Met Ala Ser Val - #Pro Gly Ser Leu Ser Arg      
                 1840 - #               1845  - #              1850       
  - -  AGG TCC TCC CTG GGC AGC CTT GAC CAG GTC - #CAG GGC TCC CAG GAA ACC 
   5679                                                                   
  Arg Ser Ser Leu Gly Ser Leu Asp Gln Val - #Gln Gly Ser Gln Glu Thr      
             1855     - #           1860      - #          1865           
  - -  CTT ATT CCT CCC AGG CCG TGA TGGCTGTGCA GTGTC - #CACAT GACCAAGGCG   
AGGGG 5735                                                                
   Leu Ile Pro Pro Arg Pro  *                                             
          1870                                                            
   - - GACAGTGCGT GCAGAAGCTC AGCCCTGCAT GGCAGCCTCC CTCTGTCTCA GC -        
#CCTCCTGC   5795                                                          
   - - TGAGCTGGGG CGGTCTGGAA CCGACCAGGA AGCCAGGAGC CTCCCCTGGC CA -        
#GCAAGAGG  5855                                                           
   - - CATGATTCTA AAGCATCCAG AAAGGCCTGG TCAGTGCCAC TCCCCAGCAG GA -        
#CATTAAAG  5915                                                           
   - - TCTCTAGGTC TGTGGCAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AA -        
#AAAAAAAA 5975                                                            
   - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                              
   - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                 
            (A) LENGTH: 3802 base - #pairs                                
            (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                        
            (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                      
            (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                          
   - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                       
   - -     (ix) FEATURE:                                                  
            (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence                             
            (B) LOCATION: 309...3630                                      
            (A) NAME/KEY: mat.sub.-- - #peptide                           
            (B) LOCATION: 387...3626                                      
            (D) OTHER INFORMATION:                                        
   - -            (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPT - #ION: SEQ ID NO:2:             
   - -  AGAAGGGAGG GCGAGCGTGG TGTGTGCGCG CTCGGGCGCC GGCGGCACCG - #CCGAGGTC
TG    60                                                                  
  - -  TTGGCAAAAG TCGCCCTTGA TGGCGGCGGA GGCGAGGCAG CCGCGGCGCC - #GAACAGCCG
A   120                                                                   
  - -  CGCGCGCTAG CGGGGTCCGC CCGCCCCTTT CCCAGAGCCC AGCGCCGCCG - #TTCGCCGCC
G   180                                                                   
  - -  CCGCCGCCCG CCCGCGCGCC GTTCGCCGCC GCCGCCGCCC GCGGGTGGCA - #GCGCCGCTC
G   240                                                                   
  - -  GTCCCCGGCC CCGGGGCCGG CTGGGGGGCG GTCGGGGCGT GTGAGGGGCT - #TGCTCCCAG
C   300                                                                   
  - -  TCGCGAAG ATG GCT GCG GGC CGC CCG CTG GCC - #TGG ACG CTG ACA CTT    
TGG    350                                                                
            Met Ala Ala Gly Arg - #Pro Leu Ala Trp Thr Leu Thr Leu Trp    
           -26 -25      - #           -20      - #           -15          
  - -  CAG GCG TGG CTG ATC CTG ATC GGG CCC TCG - #TCG GAG GAG CCG TTC CCT 
    398                                                                   
  Gln Ala Trp Leu Ile Leu Ile Gly Pro Ser - #Ser Glu Glu Pro Phe Pro      
          -10         - #         -5         - #     -1   1               
  - -  TCA GCC GTC ACT ATC AAG TCA TGG GTG GAT - #AAG ATG CAA GAA GAC CTG 
    446                                                                   
  Ser Ala Val Thr Ile Lys Ser Trp Val Asp - #Lys Met Gln Glu Asp Leu      
    5               - #   10               - #   15               - #     
20                                                                        
   - -  GTC ACA CTG GCA AAA ACA GCA AGT GGA GTC - #AAT CAG CTT GTT GAT    
ATT     494                                                               
   Val Thr Leu Ala Lys Thr Ala Ser Gly Val - #Asn Gln Leu Val Asp Ile     
                   - #25                  - #30                  - #35    
  - -  TAT GAG AAA TAT CAA GAT TTG TAT ACT GTG - #GAA CCA AAT AAT GCA CGT 
    542                                                                   
  Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Gln Asp Leu Tyr Thr Val - #Glu Pro Asn Asn Ala Arg      
               40    - #              45    - #              50           
  - -  CAG CTG GTG GAA ATT GCA GCC AGA GAC ATT - #GAG AAG CTT CTC AGC AAC 
    590                                                                   
  Gln Leu Val Glu Ile Ala Ala Arg Asp Ile - #Glu Lys Leu Leu Ser Asn      
           55        - #          60        - #          65               
  - -  AGA TCT AAA GCC CTG GTG CGC CTG GCT TTG - #GAA GCA GAG AAA GTT CAA 
    638                                                                   
  Arg Ser Lys Ala Leu Val Arg Leu Ala Leu - #Glu Ala Glu Lys Val Gln      
       70            - #      75            - #      80                   
  - -  GCA GCC CAC CAA TGG AGG GAA GAT TTT GCA - #AGC AAT GAA GTT GTC TAC 
    686                                                                   
  Ala Ala His Gln Trp Arg Glu Asp Phe Ala - #Ser Asn Glu Val Val Tyr      
  85                 - #  90                - #  95                - #    
100                                                                       
   - -  TAT AAC GCG AAG GAT GAT CTT GAT CCT GAA - #AAA AAT GAC AGT GAA    
CCA     734                                                               
   Tyr Asn Ala Lys Asp Asp Leu Asp Pro Glu - #Lys Asn Asp Ser Glu Pro     
                  105 - #                110 - #                115       
  - -  GGC AGC CAG AGG ATC AAA CCT GTT TTC ATT - #GAC GAT GCT AAC TTT AGA 
    782                                                                   
  Gly Ser Gln Arg Ile Lys Pro Val Phe Ile - #Asp Asp Ala Asn Phe Arg      
              120     - #            125     - #            130           
  - -  AGA CAA GTA TCC TAT CAG CAC GCA GCT GTC - #CAT ATC CCC ACT GAC ATC 
    830                                                                   
  Arg Gln Val Ser Tyr Gln His Ala Ala Val - #His Ile Pro Thr Asp Ile      
          135         - #        140         - #        145               
  - -  TAT GAA GGA TCG ACA ATC GTG TTA AAC GAA - #CTC AAC TGG ACA AGT GCC 
    878                                                                   
  Tyr Glu Gly Ser Thr Ile Val Leu Asn Glu - #Leu Asn Trp Thr Ser Ala      
      150             - #    155             - #    160                   
  - -  TTA GAT GAC GTT TTC AAA AAA AAT CGA GAG - #GAA GAC CCT TCA CTG TTG 
    926                                                                   
  Leu Asp Asp Val Phe Lys Lys Asn Arg Glu - #Glu Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu      
  165                 - #170                 - #175                 -     
#180                                                                      
   - -  TGG CAG GTG TTT GGC AGT GCC ACT GGC CTG - #GCC CGG TAT TAC CCA    
GCT     974                                                               
   Trp Gln Val Phe Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Leu - #Ala Arg Tyr Tyr Pro Ala     
                  185 - #                190 - #                195       
  - -  TCT CCA TGG GTT GAT AAT AGC CGA ACC CCA - #AAC AAG ATT GAT CTT TAT 
   1022                                                                   
  Ser Pro Trp Val Asp Asn Ser Arg Thr Pro - #Asn Lys Ile Asp Leu Tyr      
              200     - #            205     - #            210           
  - -  GAT GTA CGC AGA AGA CCA TGG TAC ATC CAA - #GGT GCT GCA TCC CCT AAA 
   1070                                                                   
  Asp Val Arg Arg Arg Pro Trp Tyr Ile Gln - #Gly Ala Ala Ser Pro Lys      
          215         - #        220         - #        225               
  - -  GAT ATG CTT ATT CTG GTG GAT GTG AGT GGA - #AGC GTT AGT GGA CTG ACA 
   1118                                                                   
  Asp Met Leu Ile Leu Val Asp Val Ser Gly - #Ser Val Ser Gly Leu Thr      
      230             - #    235             - #    240                   
  - -  CTC AAA CTC ATC CGG ACA TCC GTC TCC GAA - #ATG TTG GAA ACC CTC TCA 
   1166                                                                   
  Leu Lys Leu Ile Arg Thr Ser Val Ser Glu - #Met Leu Glu Thr Leu Ser      
  245                 - #250                 - #255                 -     
#260                                                                      
   - -  GAT GAT GAT TTT GTG AAC GTG GCT TCA TTT - #AAC AGC AAT GCT CAG    
GAT    1214                                                               
   Asp Asp Asp Phe Val Asn Val Ala Ser Phe - #Asn Ser Asn Ala Gln Asp     
                  265 - #                270 - #                275       
  - -  GTA AGC TGC TTT CAG CAC CTT GTC CAA GCA - #AAT GTA AGA AAT AAG AAA 
   1262                                                                   
  Val Ser Cys Phe Gln His Leu Val Gln Ala - #Asn Val Arg Asn Lys Lys      
              280     - #            285     - #            290           
  - -  GTG TTG AAA GAT GCA GTG AAT AAT ATC ACA - #GCA AAA GGA ATC ACA GAT 
   1310                                                                   
  Val Leu Lys Asp Ala Val Asn Asn Ile Thr - #Ala Lys Gly Ile Thr Asp      
          295         - #        300         - #        305               
  - -  TAT AAG AAG GGC TTT AGT TTT GCT TTT GAG - #CAG CTG CTT AAT TAT AAT 
   1358                                                                   
  Tyr Lys Lys Gly Phe Ser Phe Ala Phe Glu - #Gln Leu Leu Asn Tyr Asn      
      310             - #    315             - #    320                   
  - -  GTA TCC AGA GCC AAC TGC AAT AAG ATT ATC - #ATG TTG TTC ACG GAC GGA 
   1406                                                                   
  Val Ser Arg Ala Asn Cys Asn Lys Ile Ile - #Met Leu Phe Thr Asp Gly      
  325                 - #330                 - #335                 -     
#340                                                                      
   - -  GGA GAA GAG AGA GCC CAG GAG ATA TTT GCC - #AAA TAC AAT AAA GAC    
AAG    1454                                                               
   Gly Glu Glu Arg Ala Gln Glu Ile Phe Ala - #Lys Tyr Asn Lys Asp Lys     
                  345 - #                350 - #                355       
  - -  AAA GTA CGT GTA TTC ACA TTC TCA GTT GGC - #CAA CAT AAT TAC GAC AGA 
   1502                                                                   
  Lys Val Arg Val Phe Thr Phe Ser Val Gly - #Gln His Asn Tyr Asp Arg      
              360     - #            365     - #            370           
  - -  GGA CCT ATT CAG TGG ATG GCT TGC GAA AAT - #AAA GGT TAT TAT TAT GAA 
   1550                                                                   
  Gly Pro Ile Gln Trp Met Ala Cys Glu Asn - #Lys Gly Tyr Tyr Tyr Glu      
          375         - #        380         - #        385               
  - -  ATT CCA TCC ATT GGA GCC ATA AGA ATT AAT - #ACT CAG GAA TAC CTA GAT 
   1598                                                                   
  Ile Pro Ser Ile Gly Ala Ile Arg Ile Asn - #Thr Gln Glu Tyr Leu Asp      
      390             - #    395             - #    400                   
  - -  GTT CTG GGA AGA CCG ATG GTT TTA GCA GGA - #GAC AAA GCT AAG CAA GTC 
   1646                                                                   
  Val Leu Gly Arg Pro Met Val Leu Ala Gly - #Asp Lys Ala Lys Gln Val      
  405                 - #410                 - #415                 -     
#420                                                                      
   - -  CAA TGG ACA AAT GTG TAC CTG GAT GCA CTG - #GAA CTG GGA CTT GTC    
ATT    1694                                                               
   Gln Trp Thr Asn Val Tyr Leu Asp Ala Leu - #Glu Leu Gly Leu Val Ile     
                  425 - #                430 - #                435       
  - -  ACT GGA ACT CTT CCG GTC TTC AAC ATA ACT - #GGC CAA TTT GAA AAT AAG 
   1742                                                                   
  Thr Gly Thr Leu Pro Val Phe Asn Ile Thr - #Gly Gln Phe Glu Asn Lys      
              440     - #            445     - #            450           
  - -  ACA AAC TTA AAG AAC CAG CTG ATT CTT GGA - #GTG ATG GGA GTT GAT GTG 
   1790                                                                   
  Thr Asn Leu Lys Asn Gln Leu Ile Leu Gly - #Val Met Gly Val Asp Val      
          455         - #        460         - #        465               
  - -  TCT TTG GAA GAT ATT AAA AGA CTG ACA CCA - #CGT TTT ACA CTC TGC CCC 
   1838                                                                   
  Ser Leu Glu Asp Ile Lys Arg Leu Thr Pro - #Arg Phe Thr Leu Cys Pro      
      470             - #    475             - #    480                   
  - -  AAT GGC TAC TAT TTT GCA ATT GAT CCT AAT - #GGT TAT GTG TTA TTA CAT 
   1886                                                                   
  Asn Gly Tyr Tyr Phe Ala Ile Asp Pro Asn - #Gly Tyr Val Leu Leu His      
  485                 - #490                 - #495                 -     
#500                                                                      
   - -  CCA AAT CTT CAG CCA AAG CCT ATT GGT GTA - #GGT ATA CCA ACA ATT    
AAT    1934                                                               
   Pro Asn Leu Gln Pro Lys Pro Ile Gly Val - #Gly Ile Pro Thr Ile Asn     
                  505 - #                510 - #                515       
  - -  TTG AGA AAA AGG AGA CCC AAT GTT CAG AAC - #CCC AAA TCT CAG GAG CCA 
   1982                                                                   
  Leu Arg Lys Arg Arg Pro Asn Val Gln Asn - #Pro Lys Ser Gln Glu Pro      
              520     - #            525     - #            530           
  - -  GTG ACA TTG GAT TTC CTC GAT GCA GAG TTG - #GAG AAT GAC ATT AAA GTG 
   2030                                                                   
  Val Thr Leu Asp Phe Leu Asp Ala Glu Leu - #Glu Asn Asp Ile Lys Val      
          535         - #        540         - #        545               
  - -  GAG ATT CGA AAT AAA ATG ATC GAT GGA GAA - #AGT GGA GAA AAA ACA TTC 
   2078                                                                   
  Glu Ile Arg Asn Lys Met Ile Asp Gly Glu - #Ser Gly Glu Lys Thr Phe      
      550             - #    555             - #    560                   
  - -  AGA ACT CTG GTT AAA TCT CAA GAT GAG AGA - #TAT ATT GAC AAA GGA AAC 
   2126                                                                   
  Arg Thr Leu Val Lys Ser Gln Asp Glu Arg - #Tyr Ile Asp Lys Gly Asn      
  565                 - #570                 - #575                 -     
#580                                                                      
   - -  AGG ACA TAC ACG TGG ACT CCT GTC AAC GGC - #ACA GAT TAT AGC AGT    
TTG    2174                                                               
   Arg Thr Tyr Thr Trp Thr Pro Val Asn Gly - #Thr Asp Tyr Ser Ser Leu     
                  585 - #                590 - #                595       
  - -  GCC TTG GTA TTA CCA ACC TAC AGT TTT TAC - #TAT ATA AAA GCC AAA ATA 
   2222                                                                   
  Ala Leu Val Leu Pro Thr Tyr Ser Phe Tyr - #Tyr Ile Lys Ala Lys Ile      
              600     - #            605     - #            610           
  - -  GAA GAG ACA ATA ACT CAG GCC AGA TAT TCA - #GAA ACA CTG AAA CCG GAT 
   2270                                                                   
  Glu Glu Thr Ile Thr Gln Ala Arg Tyr Ser - #Glu Thr Leu Lys Pro Asp      
          615         - #        620         - #        625               
  - -  AAT TTT GAA GAA TCT GGC TAC ACA TTC CTA - #GCA CCA AGA GAT TAC TGC 
   2318                                                                   
  Asn Phe Glu Glu Ser Gly Tyr Thr Phe Leu - #Ala Pro Arg Asp Tyr Cys      
      630             - #    635             - #    640                   
  - -  AGT GAC CTT AAA CCT TCA GAT AAT AAC ACT - #GAA TTT CTT TTA AAT TTC 
   2366                                                                   
  Ser Asp Leu Lys Pro Ser Asp Asn Asn Thr - #Glu Phe Leu Leu Asn Phe      
  645                 - #650                 - #655                 -     
#660                                                                      
   - -  AAT GAG TTT ATT GAT AGA AAA ACT CCA AAC - #AAC CCA TCC TGT AAT    
ACA    2414                                                               
   Asn Glu Phe Ile Asp Arg Lys Thr Pro Asn - #Asn Pro Ser Cys Asn Thr     
                  665 - #                670 - #                675       
  - -  GAC TTG ATT AAT AGA GTC TTG CTG GAT GCA - #GGC TTT ACA AAT GAA CTT 
   2462                                                                   
  Asp Leu Ile Asn Arg Val Leu Leu Asp Ala - #Gly Phe Thr Asn Glu Leu      
              680     - #            685     - #            690           
  - -  GTT CAA AAT TAC TGG AGT AAG CAG AAG AAT - #ATC AAG GGA GTG AAA GCA 
   2510                                                                   
  Val Gln Asn Tyr Trp Ser Lys Gln Lys Asn - #Ile Lys Gly Val Lys Ala      
          695         - #        700         - #        705               
  - -  CGG TTT GTT GTG ACT GAT GGT GGG ATT ACC - #AGA GTT TAT CCC AAA GAG 
   2558                                                                   
  Arg Phe Val Val Thr Asp Gly Gly Ile Thr - #Arg Val Tyr Pro Lys Glu      
      710             - #    715             - #    720                   
  - -  GCT GGA GAA AAT TGG CAG GAA AAC CCA GAG - #ACA TAT GAA GAC AGC TTC 
   2606                                                                   
  Ala Gly Glu Asn Trp Gln Glu Asn Pro Glu - #Thr Tyr Glu Asp Ser Phe      
  725                 - #730                 - #735                 -     
#740                                                                      
   - -  TAT AAA AGG AGC CTC GAT AAT GAT AAC TAC - #GTT TTC ACT GCT CCC    
TAC    2654                                                               
   Tyr Lys Arg Ser Leu Asp Asn Asp Asn Tyr - #Val Phe Thr Ala Pro Tyr     
                  745 - #                750 - #                755       
  - -  TTT AAC AAA AGT GGA CCT GGG GCC TAT GAG - #TCA GGC ATT ATG GTA AGC 
   2702                                                                   
  Phe Asn Lys Ser Gly Pro Gly Ala Tyr Glu - #Ser Gly Ile Met Val Ser      
              760     - #            765     - #            770           
  - -  AAA GCT GTA GAA ATA TAT ATC CAA GGA AAA - #CTT CTT AAA CCT GCA GTT 
   2750                                                                   
  Lys Ala Val Glu Ile Tyr Ile Gln Gly Lys - #Leu Leu Lys Pro Ala Val      
          775         - #        780         - #        785               
  - -  GTT GGA ATT AAA ATT GAT GTA AAT TCT TGG - #ATA GAG AAT TTC ACC AAA 
   2798                                                                   
  Val Gly Ile Lys Ile Asp Val Asn Ser Trp - #Ile Glu Asn Phe Thr Lys      
      790             - #    795             - #    800                   
  - -  ACT TCA ATC AGG GAT CCG TGT GCT GGT CCA - #GTT TGT GAC TGC AAA CGA 
   2846                                                                   
  Thr Ser Ile Arg Asp Pro Cys Ala Gly Pro - #Val Cys Asp Cys Lys Arg      
  805                 - #810                 - #815                 -     
#820                                                                      
   - -  AAC AGT GAT GTA ATG GAT TGT GTG ATT CTA - #GAT GAC GGT GGG TTT    
CTT    2894                                                               
   Asn Ser Asp Val Met Asp Cys Val Ile Leu - #Asp Asp Gly Gly Phe Leu     
                  825 - #                830 - #                835       
  - -  TTG ATG GCC AAC CAT GAT GAT TAT ACC AAT - #CAG ATT GGA AGA TTC TTT 
   2942                                                                   
  Leu Met Ala Asn His Asp Asp Tyr Thr Asn - #Gln Ile Gly Arg Phe Phe      
              840     - #            845     - #            850           
  - -  GGA GAG ATT GAT CCA AGC TTG ATG AGA CAC - #CTG GTC AAT ATA TCA GTT 
   2990                                                                   
  Gly Glu Ile Asp Pro Ser Leu Met Arg His - #Leu Val Asn Ile Ser Val      
          855         - #        860         - #        865               
  - -  TAT GCC TTT AAC AAA TCT TAT GAT TAT CAG - #TCG GTG TGT GAA CCT GGT 
   3038                                                                   
  Tyr Ala Phe Asn Lys Ser Tyr Asp Tyr Gln - #Ser Val Cys Glu Pro Gly      
      870             - #    875             - #    880                   
  - -  GCT GCG CCA AAG CAG GGA GCA GGG CAC CGC - #TCG GCT TAT GTG CCA TCA 
   3086                                                                   
  Ala Ala Pro Lys Gln Gly Ala Gly His Arg - #Ser Ala Tyr Val Pro Ser      
  885                 - #890                 - #895                 -     
#900                                                                      
   - -  ATA GCA GAC ATA CTG CAG ATT GGA TGG TGG - #GCC ACT GCT GCT GCC    
TGG    3134                                                               
   Ile Ala Asp Ile Leu Gln Ile Gly Trp Trp - #Ala Thr Ala Ala Ala Trp     
                  905 - #                910 - #                915       
  - -  TCT ATT CTT CAG CAG TTT CTG TTG AGT TTG - #ACT TTT CCA CGG CTC CTT 
   3182                                                                   
  Ser Ile Leu Gln Gln Phe Leu Leu Ser Leu - #Thr Phe Pro Arg Leu Leu      
              920     - #            925     - #            930           
  - -  GAG GCA GCT GAT ATG GAG GAT GAC GAC TTC - #ACT GCC TCC ATG TCA AAG 
   3230                                                                   
  Glu Ala Ala Asp Met Glu Asp Asp Asp Phe - #Thr Ala Ser Met Ser Lys      
          935         - #        940         - #        945               
  - -  CAG AGC TGC ATC ACT GAG CAA ACC CAG TAT - #TTC TTC GAT AAT GAC AGC 
   3278                                                                   
  Gln Ser Cys Ile Thr Glu Gln Thr Gln Tyr - #Phe Phe Asp Asn Asp Ser      
      950             - #    955             - #    960                   
  - -  AAA TCG TTC AGT GGG GTA TTA GAC TGT GGG - #AAT TGT TCC AGA ATC TTT 
   3326                                                                   
  Lys Ser Phe Ser Gly Val Leu Asp Cys Gly - #Asn Cys Ser Arg Ile Phe      
  965                 - #970                 - #975                 -     
#980                                                                      
   - -  CAT GTA GAA AAG CTC ATG AAC ACC AAT TTA - #ATA TTC ATA ATG GTA    
GAG    3374                                                               
   His Val Glu Lys Leu Met Asn Thr Asn Leu - #Ile Phe Ile Met Val Glu     
                  985 - #                990 - #                995       
  - -  AGC AAG GGG ACA TGT CCC TGT GAC ACA CGG - #CTG CTC ATA CAA GCA GAG 
   3422                                                                   
  Ser Lys Gly Thr Cys Pro Cys Asp Thr Arg - #Leu Leu Ile Gln Ala Glu      
              1000    - #            1005     - #           1010          
  - -  CAA ACT TCT GAT GGA CCA GAT CCT TGT GAT - #ATG GTT AAG CAA CCC AGA 
   3470                                                                   
  Gln Thr Ser Asp Gly Pro Asp Pro Cys Asp - #Met Val Lys Gln Pro Arg      
          1015        - #        1020         - #       1025              
  - -  TAT CGA AAA GGG CCA GAT GTC TGC TTT GAC - #AAC AAT GTC CTG GAG GAT 
   3518                                                                   
  Tyr Arg Lys Gly Pro Asp Val Cys Phe Asp - #Asn Asn Val Leu Glu Asp      
      1030            - #    1035             - #   1040                  
  - -  TAT ACT GAC TGC GGT GGG GTC TCT GGA TTA - #AAT CCT TCC CTG TGG TCC 
   3566                                                                   
  Tyr Thr Asp Cys Gly Gly Val Ser Gly Leu - #Asn Pro Ser Leu Trp Ser      
  1045                - #1050                105 - #5               1060  
  - -  ATC ATC GGG ATA CAG TTT GTA CTG CTT TGG - #CTG GTT TCT GGC AGC AGA 
   3614                                                                   
  Ile Ile Gly Ile Gln Phe Val Leu Leu Trp - #Leu Val Ser Gly Ser Arg      
                  1065 - #                1070 - #               1075     
  - -  CAC TGC CTG TTA TGA C CTTCTAAAAC CAAATCTCCA - #TAATTAAACT CCAGACCCT
G  3670                                                                   
  His Cys Leu Leu  *                                                      
              1080                                                        
  - -  CCACAACATG ATCCCTCCGT TATGTTAAAG TAGGGTCAAC TGTTAAATCA - #GAACATTAG
C  3730                                                                   
  - -  TGGGCCTCTG CCATGGCAGA GCCCTAAGGC GCAGACTCAT CAGGCACCCA - #CTGGCTGCA
T  3790                                                                   
  - -  GTCAGGGTGT CC             - #                  - #                 
 - #     3802                                                             
  - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                               
  - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                  
           (A) LENGTH: 1560 base - #pairs                                 
           (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                         
           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                       
           (D) TOPOLOGY: unknown                                          
  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: Genomic DNA                                 
  - -     (ix) FEATURE:                                                   
           (A) NAME/KEY: Coding Se - #quence                              
           (B) LOCATION: 35...1558                                        
  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                         
  - -  GGGCGGGGGA GGGGGATTGA TCTTCGATCG CAAG ATG GCT GCT - #GGC TGC CTG   
CTG    55                                                                 
                    - #                  - #   Met Ala Ala Gly Cys Leu    
Leu                                                                       
                    - #                  - #    1              - # 5      
  - -  GCC TTG ACT CTG ACA CTT TTC CAA TCT TTG - #CTC ATC GGC CCC TCG TCG 
    103                                                                   
  Ala Leu Thr Leu Thr Leu Phe Gln Ser Leu - #Leu Ile Gly Pro Ser Ser      
          10         - #         15         - #         20                
  - -  GAG GAG CCG TTC CCT TCG GCC GTC ACT ATC - #AAA TCA TGG GTG GAT AAG 
    151                                                                   
  Glu Glu Pro Phe Pro Ser Ala Val Thr Ile - #Lys Ser Trp Val Asp Lys      
      25             - #     30             - #     35                    
  - -  ATG CAA GAA GAC CTT GTC ACA CTG GCA AAA - #ACA GCA AGT GGA GTC AAT 
    199                                                                   
  Met Gln Glu Asp Leu Val Thr Leu Ala Lys - #Thr Ala Ser Gly Val Asn      
  40                 - # 45                 - # 50                 - # 55 
  - -  CAG CTT GTT GAT ATT TAT GAG AAA TAT CAA - #GAT TTG TAT ACT GTG GAA 
    247                                                                   
  Gln Leu Val Asp Ile Tyr Glu Lys Tyr Gln - #Asp Leu Tyr Thr Val Glu      
                  60 - #                 65 - #                 70        
  - -  CCA AAT AAT GCA CGC CAG CTG GTA GAA ATT - #GCA GCC AGG GAT ATT GAG 
    295                                                                   
  Pro Asn Asn Ala Arg Gln Leu Val Glu Ile - #Ala Ala Arg Asp Ile Glu      
              75     - #             80     - #             85            
  - -  AAA CTT CTG AGC AAC AGA TCT AAA GCC CTG - #GTG AGC CTG GCA TTG GAA 
    343                                                                   
  Lys Leu Leu Ser Asn Arg Ser Lys Ala Leu - #Val Ser Leu Ala Leu Glu      
          90         - #         95         - #         100               
  - -  GCG GAG AAA GTT CAA GCA GCT CAC CAG TGG - #AGA GAA GAT TTT GCA AGC 
    391                                                                   
  Ala Glu Lys Val Gln Ala Ala His Gln Trp - #Arg Glu Asp Phe Ala Ser      
      105             - #    110             - #    115                   
  - -  AAT GAA GTT GTC TAC TAC AAT GCA AAG GAT - #GAT CTC GAT CCT GAG AAA 
    439                                                                   
  Asn Glu Val Val Tyr Tyr Asn Ala Lys Asp - #Asp Leu Asp Pro Glu Lys      
  120                 - #125                 - #130                 -     
#135                                                                      
   - -  AAT GAC AGT GAG CCA GGC AGC CAG AGG ATA - #AAA CCT GTT TTC ATT    
GAA     487                                                               
   Asn Asp Ser Glu Pro Gly Ser Gln Arg Ile - #Lys Pro Val Phe Ile Glu     
                  140 - #                145 - #                150       
  - -  GAT GCT AAT TTT GGA CGA CAA ATA TCT TAT - #CAG CAC GCA GCA GTC CAT 
    535                                                                   
  Asp Ala Asn Phe Gly Arg Gln Ile Ser Tyr - #Gln His Ala Ala Val His      
              155     - #            160     - #            165           
  - -  ATT CCT ACT GAC ATC TAT GAG GGC TCA ACA - #ATT GTG TTA AAT GAA CTC 
    583                                                                   
  Ile Pro Thr Asp Ile Tyr Glu Gly Ser Thr - #Ile Val Leu Asn Glu Leu      
          170         - #        175         - #        180               
  - -  AAC TGG ACA AGT GCC TTA GAT GAA GTT TTC - #AAA AAG AAT CGC GAG GAA 
    631                                                                   
  Asn Trp Thr Ser Ala Leu Asp Glu Val Phe - #Lys Lys Asn Arg Glu Glu      
      185             - #    190             - #    195                   
  - -  GAC CCT TCA TTA TTG TGG CAG GTT TTT GGC - #AGT GCC ACT GGC CTA GCT 
    679                                                                   
  Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu Trp Gln Val Phe Gly - #Ser Ala Thr Gly Leu Ala      
  200                 - #205                 - #210                 -     
#215                                                                      
   - -  CGA TAT TAT CCA GCT TCA CCA TGG GTT GAT - #AAT GGT AGA ACT CCA    
AAT     727                                                               
   Arg Tyr Tyr Pro Ala Ser Pro Trp Val Asp - #Asn Gly Arg Thr Pro Asn     
                  220 - #                225 - #                230       
  - -  ATG ATT GAC CTT TAT GAT GTA CGC AGA AGA - #CCA TGG TAC ATC CAA GGA 
    775                                                                   
  Met Ile Asp Leu Tyr Asp Val Arg Arg Arg - #Pro Trp Tyr Ile Gln Gly      
              235     - #            240     - #            245           
  - -  GCT GCA TCT CCT AAA GAC ATG CTT ATT CTG - #GTG GAT GTG AGT GGA AGT 
    823                                                                   
  Ala Ala Ser Pro Lys Asp Met Leu Ile Leu - #Val Asp Val Ser Gly Ser      
          250         - #        255         - #        260               
  - -  GTT AGT GGA TTG ACA CTT AAA CTG ATC CGA - #ACA TCT GTC TCC GAA ATG 
    871                                                                   
  Val Ser Gly Leu Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Arg - #Thr Ser Val Ser Glu Met      
      265             - #    270             - #    275                   
  - -  TTA GAA ACC CTC TCA GAT GAT GAT TTC GTG - #AAT GTA GCT TCA TTT AAC 
    919                                                                   
  Leu Glu Thr Leu Ser Asp Asp Asp Phe Val - #Asn Val Ala Ser Phe Asn      
  280                 - #285                 - #290                 -     
#295                                                                      
   - -  AGC AAT GCT CAG GAT GTA AGC TGT TTT CAG - #CAC CTT GTC CAA GCA    
AAT     967                                                               
   Ser Asn Ala Gln Asp Val Ser Cys Phe Gln - #His Leu Val Gln Ala Asn     
                  300 - #                305 - #                310       
  - -  GTA AGA AAT AAA AAA GTG TTG AAA GAC GCG - #GTG AAT AAT ATC ACA GCC 
   1015                                                                   
  Val Arg Asn Lys Lys Val Leu Lys Asp Ala - #Val Asn Asn Ile Thr Ala      
              315     - #            320     - #            325           
  - -  AAA GGA ATT ACA GAT TAT AAG AAG GGC TTT - #AGT TTT GCT TTT GAA CAG 
   1063                                                                   
  Lys Gly Ile Thr Asp Tyr Lys Lys Gly Phe - #Ser Phe Ala Phe Glu Gln      
          330         - #        335         - #        340               
  - -  CTG CTT AAT TAT AAT GTT TCC AGA GCA AAC - #TGC AAT AAG ATT ATT ATG 
   1111                                                                   
  Leu Leu Asn Tyr Asn Val Ser Arg Ala Asn - #Cys Asn Lys Ile Ile Met      
      345             - #    350             - #    355                   
  - -  CTA TTC ACG GAT GGA GAA GAG AGA GCC CAG - #GAG ATA TTT AAC AAA TAC 
   1159                                                                   
  Leu Phe Thr Asp Gly Glu Glu Arg Ala Gln - #Glu Ile Phe Asn Lys Tyr      
  360                 - #365                 - #370                 -     
#375                                                                      
   - -  AAT AAA GAT AAA AAA CTA CCT GTA TTC ACC - #TTC TCA GTT GGT CAA    
CAC    1207                                                               
   Asn Lys Asp Lys Lys Leu Pro Val Phe Thr - #Phe Ser Val Gly Gln His     
                  380 - #                385 - #                390       
  - -  AAT TAT GAC AGA GGA CCT ATT CAG TGG ATG - #GCC TGT GAA AAC AAA GGT 
   1255                                                                   
  Asn Tyr Asp Arg Gly Pro Ile Gln Trp Met - #Ala Cys Glu Asn Lys Gly      
              395     - #            400     - #            405           
  - -  TAT TAT TAT GAA ATT CCT TCC ATT GGT GCA - #ATA AGA ATC AAT ACT CAG 
   1303                                                                   
  Tyr Tyr Tyr Glu Ile Pro Ser Ile Gly Ala - #Ile Arg Ile Asn Thr Gln      
          410         - #        415         - #        420               
  - -  GAA TAT TTG GAT GTT TTG GGA AGA CCA ATG - #GTT TTA GCA GGA GAC AAA 
   1351                                                                   
  Glu Tyr Leu Asp Val Leu Gly Arg Pro Met - #Val Leu Ala Gly Asp Lys      
      425             - #    430             - #    435                   
  - -  GCT AAG CAA GTC CAA TGG ACA AAT GTG TAC - #CTG GAT GCA TTG GAA CTG 
   1399                                                                   
  Ala Lys Gln Val Gln Trp Thr Asn Val Tyr - #Leu Asp Ala Leu Glu Leu      
  440                 - #445                 - #450                 -     
#455                                                                      
   - -  GGA CTT GTC ATT ACT GGA ACT CTT CCG GTC - #TTC AAC ATA ACC GGC    
CAA    1447                                                               
   Gly Leu Val Ile Thr Gly Thr Leu Pro Val - #Phe Asn Ile Thr Gly Gln     
                  460 - #                465 - #                470       
  - -  TTT GAA AAT AAG ACA AAC TTA AAG AAC CAG - #CTG ATT CTT GGT GTG ATG 
   1495                                                                   
  Phe Glu Asn Lys Thr Asn Leu Lys Asn Gln - #Leu Ile Leu Gly Val Met      
              475     - #            480     - #            485           
  - -  GGA GTA GAT GTG TCT TTG GAA GAT ATT AAA - #AGA CTG ACA CCA CGT TTT 
   1543                                                                   
  Gly Val Asp Val Ser Leu Glu Asp Ile Lys - #Arg Leu Thr Pro Arg Phe      
          490         - #        495         - #        500               
  - -  ACA CTG TGC CCC AAT GG        - #                  - #             
     - # 1560                                                             
  Thr Leu Cys Pro Asn                                                     
      505                                                                 
__________________________________________________________________________

Claims (25)

What is claimed is:
1. An isolated DNA molecule, comprising a sequence of nucleotides that encodes the (alpha)2 -subunit of a mammalian calcium channel, wherein:
the sequence of nucleotides hybridizes under conditions of high stringency with nucleic acid that includes all or a portion of the sequence of nucleotides set forth in FIG. 2; and
the portion includes at least nucleotides 43-272 set forth in FIGS. 2a-2f.
2. The DNA molecule of claim 1, wherein the sequence of nucleotides encodes the (alpha)2 -subunit of a skeletal muscle, cardiac, or neuronal calcium channel.
3. The DNA molecule of claim 1, wherein the sequence of nucleotides hybridizes under conditions of high stringency with DNA that is fully complementary to an mRNA transcript that is native to a mammalian cell.
4. Isolated RNA that is encoded by the DNA molecule of claim 1.
5. An isolated eukaryotic cell, comprising the DNA molecule of claim 1, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.
6. An isolated eukaryotic cell, comprising the RNA complementary to the DNA of claim 1, wherein the cell is an amphibian oocyte.
7. An isolated DNA molecule that is degenerate with the DNA molecule of claim 1.
8. Isolated mRNA encoded by the DNA of claim 1.
9. A eukaryotic cell, comprising a heterologous calcium channel, wherein said cell is produced by a process comprising administering to said cell a composition that contains mRNA that encodes an (alpha)2 -subunit of a calcium channel of a mammal, wherein:
the mRNA is complementary to DNA of claim 1;
the heterologous calcium channel includes the (alpha)2 subunit; and
the only heterologous ion channels that are expressed by the oocyte are calcium channels.
10. The cell of claim 9, which is an amphibian oocyte, and wherein the composition is administered by microinjection.
11. The cell of claim 10 which is an oocyte of Xenopus laevis.
12. The cell of claim 9, wherein said (alpha)2 -subunit is a skeletal muscle, cardiac or neuronal calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit.
13. The cell of claim 9, wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of rabbit and guinea pig.
14. The cell of claim 13, wherein the (alpha)2 -subunit is a skeletal muscle calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit.
15. The cell of claim 9, wherein the mammal is a rabbit.
16. A cultured eukaryotic cell, comprising a heterologous calcium channel, wherein said calcium channel is produced by a process comprising expressing in said cell a DNA molecule of claim 1, whereby the cell expresses a calcium channel that comprises the (alpha)2 -subunit encoded by the DNA.
17. The cell of claim 16, wherein said cell is selected from the group consisting of a yeast and mammalian cells.
18. The cell of claim 16, wherein said (alpha)2 -subunit is a skeletal muscle, cardiac or neuronal calcium channel (alpha)2 -subunit.
19. The cell of claim 18, wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of rabbit and guinea pig.
20. The cell of claim 19, wherein the (alpha)2 -subunit is a skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit.
21. The cell of claim 20, wherein the mammal is a rabbit.
22. A labeled single-stranded DNA molecule of at least 30 bases in length, comprising at least 30 contiguous bases of the protein-encoding segment of the human neuronal (alpha)2 -subunit-encoding nucleic acid set forth in SEQ ID No. 2 or 3 or the complement thereof.
23. An isolated DNA molecule, comprising at least 30 contiguous base pairs of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID No. 2 between nucleotides 71-3802.
24. An isolated DNA molecule, comprising at least 30 contiguous base pairs of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID No. 3.
25. An isolated DNA molecule, comprising the sequence of nucleotides set forth as 43-272 in FIG. 2.
US08/884,599 1988-04-04 1997-06-27 Calcium channel compositions and methods Expired - Fee Related US6013474A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/884,599 US6013474A (en) 1988-04-04 1997-06-27 Calcium channel compositions and methods

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17689988A 1988-04-04 1988-04-04
PCT/US1989/001408 WO1989009834A1 (en) 1988-04-04 1989-04-04 Calcium channel compositions and methods
US07/914,231 US5407820A (en) 1988-04-04 1992-07-13 Calcium channel α-2 subunit DNAs and cells expressing them
US08/314,083 US5686241A (en) 1988-04-04 1994-09-28 Probes and assays for calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding nucleic acids
US08/884,599 US6013474A (en) 1988-04-04 1997-06-27 Calcium channel compositions and methods

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/314,083 Continuation US5686241A (en) 1988-04-04 1994-09-28 Probes and assays for calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding nucleic acids

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6013474A true US6013474A (en) 2000-01-11

Family

ID=22646350

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/404,354 Expired - Fee Related US5618720A (en) 1988-04-04 1995-02-15 Cells expressing calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding DNA, optionally with a reporter gene for screening assays
US08/404,950 Expired - Fee Related US7063950B1 (en) 1988-04-04 1995-03-13 Nucleic acids encoding human calcium channel and methods of use thereof
US08/884,599 Expired - Fee Related US6013474A (en) 1988-04-04 1997-06-27 Calcium channel compositions and methods

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/404,354 Expired - Fee Related US5618720A (en) 1988-04-04 1995-02-15 Cells expressing calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding DNA, optionally with a reporter gene for screening assays
US08/404,950 Expired - Fee Related US7063950B1 (en) 1988-04-04 1995-03-13 Nucleic acids encoding human calcium channel and methods of use thereof

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US5618720A (en)
EP (1) EP0424397B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3066398B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE139542T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3548089A (en)
CA (1) CA1341170C (en)
DE (1) DE68926713T2 (en)
DK (1) DK173404B1 (en)
FI (1) FI904827A0 (en)
WO (1) WO1989009834A1 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002097045A2 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the alpha2delta subunit of calcium channels and methods therefore
US20030166045A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2003-09-04 Ning Qin CDNA encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
US20090270338A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Diaryl-cyclylalkyl derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20090270394A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Cyclylamine derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20090270413A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Di-t-butylphenyl piperazines as calcium channel blockers
US20100087446A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-04-08 Chakravarty Prasun K 2-substituted indole derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20100204247A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-12 Duffy Joseph L N-substituted oxindoline derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20100210620A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-19 Chakravarty Prasun K Substituted Aryl Sulfone Derivatives as Calcium Channel Blockers
US20100216815A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-26 Duffy Joseph L N-substituted oxindoline derivatives as calcium channel blockers
WO2011053542A1 (en) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Heterocycle amide t-type calcium channel antagonists
US20110172236A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2011-07-14 Chakravarty Prasun K Substituted aryl sulfone derivatives as calcium channel blockers
WO2013148640A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2013-10-03 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Imidazolyl methyl piperidine t-type calcium channel antagonists
US9402848B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2016-08-02 Vm Therapeutics Llc Method for treating pain syndrome and other disorders

Families Citing this family (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6387696B1 (en) 1988-04-04 2002-05-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US5846757A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-08 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α1, α2, and β subunits and assays using them
US5851824A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-22 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α-1C/α-1D, α-2, β-1, and γsubunits and cells expressing the DNA
US5429921A (en) * 1988-04-04 1995-07-04 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Assoc. Inc. Assays for agonists and antagonists of recombinant human calcium channels
US5386025A (en) * 1990-02-20 1995-01-31 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates Calcium channel compositions and methods
WO1993004083A1 (en) * 1991-08-15 1993-03-04 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US6096514A (en) * 1988-04-04 2000-08-01 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US6653097B1 (en) 1991-08-15 2003-11-25 Merck & Co., Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
EP0424397B1 (en) * 1988-04-04 1996-06-19 The Salk Institute Biotechnology Industrial Associates, Inc. Calcium channel compositions and methods
US5876958A (en) * 1988-04-04 1999-03-02 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Assays of cells expressing human calcium channels containing α1 β subunits
US5874236A (en) * 1988-04-04 1999-02-23 Sibia Neurosciences. Inc. DNA encoding human calcium channel α-1A, β1, β-2, and β-4 subunits, and assays using cells that express the subunits
US20040018510A1 (en) 1990-11-08 2004-01-29 Merck & Co., Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US5369028A (en) * 1990-04-03 1994-11-29 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. DNA and mRNA encoding human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor compositions and cells transformed with same
US6440681B1 (en) 1990-04-03 2002-08-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Methods for identifying agonists and antagonists for human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
US5401629A (en) * 1990-08-07 1995-03-28 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Assay methods and compositions useful for measuring the transduction of an intracellular signal
WO1992005244A1 (en) 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 Duke University Expression of g protein coupled receptors in yeast
US6229000B1 (en) 1991-04-04 2001-05-08 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Tissue-specific human neuronal calcium channel subtypes and their use
DE4110785A1 (en) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-08 Bayer Ag TISSUE-SPECIFIC HUMAN NEURONAL CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBTYPES AND THEIR USE
US6001884A (en) * 1991-08-23 1999-12-14 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
US6011068A (en) * 1991-08-23 2000-01-04 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
US6031003A (en) * 1991-08-23 2000-02-29 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
US6313146B1 (en) 1991-08-23 2001-11-06 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
US5688938A (en) * 1991-08-23 1997-11-18 The Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
US5763569A (en) * 1991-08-23 1998-06-09 The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc Calcium receptor-active molecules
US5858684A (en) * 1991-08-23 1999-01-12 The Brigham And Women's Hospital, Inc. Method of screening calcium receptor-active molecules
ATE313321T1 (en) * 1991-08-23 2006-01-15 Nps Pharma Inc CALCIUM RECEPTOR ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
US5670113A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-09-23 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Automated analysis equipment and assay method for detecting cell surface protein and/or cytoplasmic receptor function using same
AU3582593A (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-08-03 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Antigen recognized by patients with antibody associated lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), DNA encoding same and uses thereof
US5962314A (en) * 1993-02-23 1999-10-05 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Calcium receptor-active molecules
GB2286397C (en) 1993-03-08 1997-09-10 Sibia Neurosciences Inc Human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor compositions and methods of applying same
US7235648B1 (en) 1993-03-31 2007-06-26 Cadus Technologies, Inc. Yeast cells engineered to produce pheromone system protein surrogates, and uses therefor
US6255059B1 (en) 1993-03-31 2001-07-03 Cadus Pharmaceutical Corporation Methods for identifying G protein coupled receptor effectors
US6100042A (en) 1993-03-31 2000-08-08 Cadus Pharmaceutical Corporation Yeast cells engineered to produce pheromone system protein surrogates, and uses therefor
US5912122A (en) * 1993-06-04 1999-06-15 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Nucleic acids encoding and method for detecting nucleic acid encoding human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR6
US6090623A (en) * 1993-08-11 2000-07-18 Merck & Co., Inc. Recombinant human calcium channel β4 subunits
GB2287941B (en) * 1993-11-08 1998-01-28 Salk Inst Biotech Ind Human alpha2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor compositions and methods employing same
US6800452B1 (en) 1994-08-08 2004-10-05 Science Applications International Corporation Automated methods for simultaneously performing a plurality of signal-based assays
US5623051A (en) * 1994-11-10 1997-04-22 University Of Washington Methods and compositions for screening for presynaptic calcium channel blockers
DK1203761T3 (en) 1994-12-08 2005-04-11 Nps Pharma Inc Calcium receptor active compounds
US6485967B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2002-11-26 Merck & Co., Inc. Human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 and β3 nucleic acid
US5981599A (en) 1996-05-01 1999-11-09 Nps Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Inorganic ion receptor active compounds
US6362009B1 (en) 1997-11-21 2002-03-26 Merck & Co., Inc. Solid phase synthesis of heterocycles
US6528630B1 (en) * 1997-12-03 2003-03-04 Merck & Co., Inc. Calcium channel compositions and methods
AU4125699A (en) 1998-06-02 1999-12-20 University Technologies International Inc. Retinal calcium channel (alpha)1f-subunit gene
US6441156B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2002-08-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Calcium channel compositions and methods of use thereof
WO2003059251A2 (en) 2001-10-22 2003-07-24 The Scripps Research Institute Antibody targeting compounds
US20040009537A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2004-01-15 Jack Roos Methods of modulating and of identifying agents that modulate intracellular calcium
US8759091B2 (en) 2006-10-30 2014-06-24 Le Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Gene reporter assay, kit and cells with improved sensitivity and/or specificity for determining the level of an extracellular signal
CA2749142A1 (en) 2008-03-04 2009-09-11 Biomonitor Limited Cell, method and kit for conducting an assay for neutralizing antibodies

Citations (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4788135A (en) * 1983-03-07 1988-11-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Jr. University System for efficient isolation of genes using probes
US4906564A (en) * 1987-03-13 1990-03-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies obtained using a pathogenic agent or a derivative thereof that presents a restricted set of antigens
US4912202A (en) * 1987-01-08 1990-03-27 Miles Inc. Dihydropyridine receptor and antibodies thereto
US4950739A (en) * 1988-02-10 1990-08-21 New York University Membrane calcium channels and factors and methods for blocking, isolating and purifying calcium channels
US4954436A (en) * 1987-08-06 1990-09-04 Trustees Of Dartmouth College Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel as a tumor associated marker
WO1991013077A1 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-09-05 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Calcium channel compositions and methods
US5051403A (en) * 1989-11-22 1991-09-24 Neurex Corporation Method of treating ischemia-related neuronal damage
WO1992002639A1 (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-20 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Assay methods and compositions for detecting and evaluating the intracellular transduction of an extracellular signal
WO1992013092A1 (en) * 1991-01-18 1992-08-06 Oncogene Science, Inc. Methods of transcriptionally modulating expression of hematopoietic growth factor genes
EP0507170A2 (en) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Bayer Ag Calcium channel subtype specific of human neuronal tissue and its use
US5189020A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-02-23 Neurex Corporation Method of reducing neuronal damage using omega conotoxin peptides
WO1993008469A1 (en) * 1991-10-23 1993-04-29 Trustees Of Dartmouth College Recombinant calcium channel polypeptides
WO1993014098A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Antigen recognized by patients with antibody associated lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome (lems), dna encoding same and uses thereof
CA2085502A1 (en) * 1992-02-17 1993-08-18 Peter Spreyer Human neuronal beta subunits of voltage-operated calcium channels and the use thereof
US5264371A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-11-23 Neurex Corporation Screening method for neuroprotective compounds
WO1994002511A1 (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-02-03 Pfizer Inc. Calcium channel blocking polypeptide from agelenopsis aperta
WO1995004144A1 (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-02-09 Neurex Corporation Dna encoding a human calcium channel alpha-1e subunit
US5407820A (en) * 1988-04-04 1995-04-18 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Calcium channel α-2 subunit DNAs and cells expressing them
US5429921A (en) * 1988-04-04 1995-07-04 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Assoc. Inc. Assays for agonists and antagonists of recombinant human calcium channels
WO1996039512A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 Warner-Lambert Company A cell line for the rapid expression of functional calcium channels
US5618720A (en) * 1988-04-04 1997-04-08 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Cells expressing calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding DNA, optionally with a reporter gene for screening assays
US5792846A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-08-11 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US5846757A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-08 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α1, α2, and β subunits and assays using them
US5851824A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-22 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α-1C/α-1D, α-2, β-1, and γsubunits and cells expressing the DNA
US5874236A (en) * 1988-04-04 1999-02-23 Sibia Neurosciences. Inc. DNA encoding human calcium channel α-1A, β1, β-2, and β-4 subunits, and assays using cells that express the subunits

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU546577B2 (en) * 1980-02-25 1985-09-05 Trustees Of Columbia University, The Use of eucaryotic promoter sequences in the production of proteinaceous materials
US5024939A (en) 1987-07-09 1991-06-18 Genentech, Inc. Transient expression system for producing recombinant protein

Patent Citations (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4788135A (en) * 1983-03-07 1988-11-29 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Jr. University System for efficient isolation of genes using probes
US4912202A (en) * 1987-01-08 1990-03-27 Miles Inc. Dihydropyridine receptor and antibodies thereto
US4906564A (en) * 1987-03-13 1990-03-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies obtained using a pathogenic agent or a derivative thereof that presents a restricted set of antigens
US4954436A (en) * 1987-08-06 1990-09-04 Trustees Of Dartmouth College Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel as a tumor associated marker
US4950739A (en) * 1988-02-10 1990-08-21 New York University Membrane calcium channels and factors and methods for blocking, isolating and purifying calcium channels
US5846757A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-08 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α1, α2, and β subunits and assays using them
US5851824A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-12-22 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel α-1C/α-1D, α-2, β-1, and γsubunits and cells expressing the DNA
US5407820A (en) * 1988-04-04 1995-04-18 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Calcium channel α-2 subunit DNAs and cells expressing them
US5792846A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-08-11 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US5710250A (en) * 1988-04-04 1998-01-20 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Calcium channel Alpha 2 subunit polypeptides
US5686241A (en) * 1988-04-04 1997-11-11 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Probes and assays for calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding nucleic acids
US5618720A (en) * 1988-04-04 1997-04-08 Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. Cells expressing calcium channel α2 subunit-encoding DNA, optionally with a reporter gene for screening assays
US5429921A (en) * 1988-04-04 1995-07-04 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Assoc. Inc. Assays for agonists and antagonists of recombinant human calcium channels
US5874236A (en) * 1988-04-04 1999-02-23 Sibia Neurosciences. Inc. DNA encoding human calcium channel α-1A, β1, β-2, and β-4 subunits, and assays using cells that express the subunits
US5051403A (en) * 1989-11-22 1991-09-24 Neurex Corporation Method of treating ischemia-related neuronal damage
US5189020A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-02-23 Neurex Corporation Method of reducing neuronal damage using omega conotoxin peptides
US5264371A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-11-23 Neurex Corporation Screening method for neuroprotective compounds
US5424218A (en) * 1989-11-22 1995-06-13 Neurex Corporation Screening method for neuroprotective compounds
US5386025A (en) * 1990-02-20 1995-01-31 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates Calcium channel compositions and methods
WO1991013077A1 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-09-05 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Calcium channel compositions and methods
US5401629A (en) * 1990-08-07 1995-03-28 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Assay methods and compositions useful for measuring the transduction of an intracellular signal
WO1992002639A1 (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-20 The Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates, Inc. Assay methods and compositions for detecting and evaluating the intracellular transduction of an extracellular signal
US5436128A (en) * 1990-08-07 1995-07-25 Salk Institute Biotechnology/Industrial Associates Assay methods and compositions for detecting and evaluating the intracellular transduction of an extracellular signal
WO1992013092A1 (en) * 1991-01-18 1992-08-06 Oncogene Science, Inc. Methods of transcriptionally modulating expression of hematopoietic growth factor genes
EP0507170A2 (en) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-07 Bayer Ag Calcium channel subtype specific of human neuronal tissue and its use
WO1993008469A1 (en) * 1991-10-23 1993-04-29 Trustees Of Dartmouth College Recombinant calcium channel polypeptides
WO1993014098A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Antigen recognized by patients with antibody associated lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome (lems), dna encoding same and uses thereof
US5643750A (en) * 1992-02-17 1997-07-01 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Human neuronal beta subunits of voltage-operated calcium channels and the use thereof
CA2085502A1 (en) * 1992-02-17 1993-08-18 Peter Spreyer Human neuronal beta subunits of voltage-operated calcium channels and the use thereof
WO1994002511A1 (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-02-03 Pfizer Inc. Calcium channel blocking polypeptide from agelenopsis aperta
WO1995004144A1 (en) * 1993-07-30 1995-02-09 Neurex Corporation Dna encoding a human calcium channel alpha-1e subunit
WO1996039512A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-12 Warner-Lambert Company A cell line for the rapid expression of functional calcium channels

Non-Patent Citations (158)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Akong et al., High throughput measurement of intracellular Ca 2 by fluorescence imaging of a 96 well microtiter plate, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 (1995). *
Akong et al., High-throughput measurement of intracellular Ca2+ by fluorescence imaging of a 96-well microtiter plate, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 (1995).
Barhanin et al., The calcium channel antagonists receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle: reconstitution after purification and subunit characterization, Eur. J. Biochem. 164: 525 531 (1987). *
Barhanin et al., The calcium channel antagonists receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle: reconstitution after purification and subunit characterization, Eur. J. Biochem. 164:525-531 (1987).
Bezprozvanny et al., Voltage dependent blockade of diverse types of voltage gated Ca 2 channels expressed in Xenopus ooxytes by the Ca 2 channel antagonist mibefradil (Ro40 5967), Mol. Pharmacol. 48: 540 549 (1995). *
Bezprozvanny et al., Voltage-dependent blockade of diverse types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels expressed in Xenopus ooxytes by the Ca2+ channel antagonist mibefradil (Ro40-5967), Mol. Pharmacol. 48:540-549 (1995).
Blackshear et al., Protein kinase C dependent and independent pathways of proto oncogene induction in human astrocytoma cells, J. Biol. Chem. 262 ( 16 ):7774 7781 (1987). *
Blackshear et al., Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent pathways of proto-oncogene induction in human astrocytoma cells, J. Biol. Chem. 262(16):7774-7781 (1987).
Borsotto et al., The 1,4 dihydropyridine receptor associated with the skeletal muscle voltage dependent Ca 2 channel, J. Biol. Chem. 260 ( 26 ): 14255 14263 (1985). *
Borsotto et al., The 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor associated with the skeletal muscle voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, J. Biol. Chem. 260(26): 14255-14263 (1985).
Boulter et al., Functional expression of two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from cDNA clones identifies a gene family, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 7763 7767 (1987). *
Boulter et al., Functional expression of two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from cDNA clones identifies a gene family, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:7763-7767 (1987).
Brust et al., Human neuronal voltage dependent calcium channels: studies on subunit structure and role in channel assembly, Neuropharmacology 32 ( 11 ):1089 1102 (1993). *
Brust et al., Human neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channels: studies on subunit structure and role in channel assembly, Neuropharmacology 32(11):1089-1102 (1993).
Castellano et al., Cloning and expression of a neuronal calcium channle subunit, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12359 12366 (1993). *
Castellano et al., Cloning and expression of a neuronal calcium channle β subunit, J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12359-12366 (1993).
Castellano et al., Rattus novegicus cDNA sequence, complete 5 and 3 UTR s, GenBank database record, acc. No. LO2315 (1993). *
Castellano et al., Rattus novegicus cDNA sequence, complete 5' and 3' UTR's, GenBank database record, acc. No. LO2315 (1993).
Catterall et al., Molecular properties of dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels in skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 263: 3535 3538 (1988). *
Catterall et al., Molecular properties of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 263:3535-3538 (1988).
Claudio et al., Genetic reconstitution of functional acetylcholine receptor channels in mouse fibroblasts, Science 238: 1688 1694 (1987). *
Claudio et al., Genetic reconstitution of functional acetylcholine receptor channels in mouse fibroblasts, Science 238: 1688-1694 (1987).
Claudio et al., Stable expression of transfected Torpedo acetylcholine receptor subunits in mouse fibroblast L cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 84: 5967 5971 (1987). *
Claudio et al., Stable expression of transfected Torpedo acetylcholine receptor α subunits in mouse fibroblast L cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 84: 5967-5971 (1987).
Cooper et al., Purification and characterization of the dihydropyridine sensitive voltage dependent calcium channel from cardiac tissue, J. Biol. Chem. 262 ( 2 ): 509 512 (1987). *
Cooper et al., Purification and characterization of the dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent calcium channel from cardiac tissue, J. Biol. Chem. 262(2): 509-512 (1987).
Curran et al., Barium Modulates c fos Expression and post translational modification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 8521 8524 (1986). *
Curran et al., Barium Modulates c-fos Expression and post-translational modification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8521-8524 (1986).
Curtis et al., Purification of the calcium antagonist receptor of the voltage sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle transverse tubules, Biochemistry 23 ( 10 ): 2113 2118 (1984). *
Curtis et al., Purification of the calcium antagonist receptor of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle transverse tubules, Biochemistry 23(10): 2113-2118 (1984).
Curtis et al., Reconstitution of the voltage sensitive calcium channel purified from skeletal muscle transverse tubules, Biochemistry 25: 3077 3083 (1986). *
Curtis et al., Reconstitution of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel purified from skeletal muscle transverse tubules, Biochemistry 25:3077-3083 (1986).
Dascal et al., Expression of modulation of voltage gated calcium channels after RNA injection in Xenopus oocytes, Science 231: 1147 1150 (1986). *
Dascal et al., Expression of modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels after RNA injection in Xenopus oocytes, Science 231: 1147-1150 (1986).
Elliot et al., Role of calcium channel subtypes in calcium transients in hippocampal CA3 neurons, J. Neurosci. 15 ( 10 ):6433 6444 (1995). *
Elliot et al., Role of calcium channel subtypes in calcium transients in hippocampal CA3 neurons, J. Neurosci. 15(10):6433-6444 (1995).
Ellis et al., Replacement of insulin receptor tyrosine residues 1162 and 1163 compromises insulin stimulated kinase activity and uptake of 2 deoxyglucose, Cell 45: 721 732 (1986). *
Ellis et al., Replacement of insulin receptor tyrosine residues 1162 and 1163 compromises insulin-stimulated kinase activity and uptake of 2-deoxyglucose, Cell 45:721-732 (1986).
Ellis et al., Sequence and expression of mRNAs encoding the 1 and 2 subunits of DHP sensitive calcium channel, Science 241: 1661 1664 (1988). *
Ellis et al., Sequence and expression of mRNAs encoding the α1 and α2 subunits of DHP-sensitive calcium channel, Science 241:1661-1664 (1988).
Emori et al., Isolation and sequence analysis of cDNA clones for the small subunit of rabbit calcium dependent protease, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 9472 9476 (1986). *
Emori et al., Isolation and sequence analysis of cDNA clones for the small subunit of rabbit calcium-dependent protease, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 9472-9476 (1986).
Faramisco et al., Optimal spatial requirements for the location of basic residues in peptide substrates for the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem. 225 ( 9 ):4240 4245 (1980). *
Faramisco et al., Optimal spatial requirements for the location of basic residues in peptide substrates for the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem. 225(9):4240-4245 (1980).
Fisch et al., c fos sequences necessary for basal expression and induction by epidermal growth factor, 12 O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate, and the calcium ionophore, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7: 3490 3502 (1987). *
Fisch et al., c-fos sequences necessary for basal expression and induction by epidermal growth factor, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, and the calcium ionophore, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3490-3502 (1987).
Gielow et al., Resolution and pharmacological analysis of the voltage dependent calcium channels of Drosophila larval muscles, J. Neurosci. 15 ( 9 ):6085 6093 (1995). *
Gielow et al., Resolution and pharmacological analysis of the voltage-dependent calcium channels of Drosophila larval muscles, J. Neurosci. 15(9):6085-6093 (1995).
Greenberg et al., Stimulation of neuronal acetylcholine receptors induces rapid gene transcription, Science 234: 80 83 (1986). *
Greenberg et al., Stimulation of neuronal acetylcholine receptors induces rapid gene transcription, Science 234:80-83 (1986).
Hackett et al., DNA sequence analysis reveals extensive homologies of regions preceding hsp70 and heat shock genes in Drosophila melanogaster, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 6196 6200 (1981). *
Hackett et al., DNA sequence analysis reveals extensive homologies of regions preceding hsp70 and αβ heat shock genes in Drosophila melanogaster, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 6196-6200 (1981).
Hofmann et al., Regulation of the L type calcium channel, TIPS 8: 393 398 (1987). *
Hofmann et al., Regulation of the L-type calcium channel, TIPS 8:393-398 (1987).
Hubbard et al., Synthesis and processing of asparagine linked oligosaccharides 1,2 , Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50: 555 583 (1981). *
Hubbard et al., Synthesis and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides1,2, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50:555-583 (1981).
Hullin et al., Calcium channel subunit heterogeneity: functional expression of cloned cDNA from heart, aorta and brain, EMBO J. 11 ( 3 ): 885 890 (1992). *
Hullin et al., Calcium channel β subunit heterogeneity: functional expression of cloned cDNA from heart, aorta and brain, EMBO J. 11(3): 885-890 (1992).
Imagawa et al., Phosphorylation of the 1,4 dihydropyridine receptor of the voltage dependent Ca 2 channel by an intrinsic protein kinase in isolated triads from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Science 262 ( 17 ):8333 8339 (1987). *
Imagawa et al., Phosphorylation of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel by an intrinsic protein kinase in isolated triads from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Science 262(17):8333-8339 (1987).
Ishibari et al., Regional difference of high voltage activated Ca 2 channels in rat CNS neurones, NeuroReport 6: 1621 1624 (1995). *
Ishibari et al., Regional difference of high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in rat CNS neurones, NeuroReport 6:1621-1624 (1995).
Kim et al. "IgG from patients with Lambert-Eaton blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels." Science. 239:405-408 (1988).
Kim et al. IgG from patients with Lambert Eaton blocks voltage dependent calcium channels. Science. 239:405 408 (1988). *
Kozak, An analysis of 5 noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs, Nucleic Acids Research 15 ( 20 ):8125 8148 (1987). *
Kozak, An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs, Nucleic Acids Research 15(20):8125-8148 (1987).
Lang et al., The effect of myasthenic syndrome antibody on presynaptic channels in the mouse, J. Physiol. 390: 257 270 (1987). *
Lang et al., The effect of myasthenic syndrome antibody on presynaptic channels in the mouse, J. Physiol. 390:257-270 (1987).
Leung et al., Biochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the 1,4 dihydropyridine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 263 ( 2 ):994 1101 (1988). *
Leung et al., Biochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 263(2):994-1101 (1988).
Leung et al., Monoclonal antibody characterization of the 1,4 dihydropyridine receptor of rabbit skeletal muscle, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522: 43 46 (1988). *
Leung et al., Monoclonal antibody characterization of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor of rabbit skeletal muscle, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522: 43-46 (1988).
Leung et al., Structural characterization of the 1,4 dihydropyridine receptor of the voltage dependent Ca 2 channel from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 262 ( 17 ):7943 7946 (1987). *
Leung et al., Structural characterization of the 1,4-dihydropyridine receptor of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 262(17):7943-7946 (1987).
Mes Masson et al., Overlapping cDNA clones define the complete coding region for the P210 c abl gene product associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia cells containing the Philadelphia chromosome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 9768 9772 (1986). *
Meshi et al., Nucleotide sequence of the 30K protein cistron of cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus, Nucleic Acids Research 10: 6111 6117 (1982). *
Meshi et al., Nucleotide sequence of the 30K protein cistron of cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus, Nucleic Acids Research 10:6111-6117 (1982).
Mes-Masson et al., Overlapping cDNA clones define the complete coding region for the P210c-abl gene product associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia cells containing the Philadelphia chromosome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 9768-9772 (1986).
Mierendorf et al., Gene isolation by screening gt11 libraries with antibodies, Methods in Enzymology 152: 458 469 (1986). *
Mierendorf et al., Gene isolation by screening λgt11 libraries with antibodies, Methods in Enzymology 152:458-469 (1986).
Miller, Multiple calcium channels and neuronal function, Science 234: 46 52 (1987)Miller (1987). *
Miller, Multiple calcium channels and neuronal function, Science 234:46-52 (1987)Miller (1987).
Morton et al., Monoclonal antibody identifies a 200 kDA subunit of the dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channel, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 11904 11907 (1987). *
Morton et al., Monoclonal antibody identifies a 200-kDA subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel, J. Biol. Chem. 262:11904-11907 (1987).
Nakayama et al., Purification of a putative Ca 2 channel protein from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 6572 6576 (1987). *
Nakayama et al., Purification of a putative Ca2+ channel protein from rabbit skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 6572-6576 (1987).
Nikaido et al., Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human interleukin 2 receptor, Nature 311: 631 636 (1984). *
Nikaido et al., Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human interleukin-2 receptor, Nature 311:631-636 (1984).
Noda et al., Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain, Nature 320: 188 192 (1986). *
Noda et al., Existence of distinct sodium channel messenger RNAs in rat brain, Nature 320:188-192 (1986).
Noda et al., Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA, Nature 322:826 828 (1986). *
Noda et al., Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA, Nature 322:826-828 (1986).
Peralta et al., Distinct primary structures, ligand binding properties and tissue specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, EMBO J. 6 ( 13 ):3923 3929 (1987). *
Peralta et al., Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, EMBO J. 6(13):3923-3929 (1987).
Roberts, et al. "Paraneoplastic Myasthenic Syndrome IgG inhibits Ca flux in a small cell carcinoma." Nature. 317:737-739 (1985).
Roberts, et al. Paraneoplastic Myasthenic Syndrome IgG inhibits Ca flux in a small cell carcinoma. Nature. 317:737 739 (1985). *
Rock et al., Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of stably expressed class B and class E Ca 2 channels in HEK 293 cells, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21: 508.1 (1995). *
Rock et al., Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of stably expressed class B and class E Ca2+ channels in HEK 293 cells, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:508.1 (1995).
Sakurai et al., Immunochemical identification and differential phosphorylation of alternatively spliced forms of the 1A subunit of brain calcium channels, J. Biol. Chem. 270 ( 36 ):21234 21242 (1995). *
Sakurai et al., Immunochemical identification and differential phosphorylation of alternatively spliced forms of the α1A subunit of brain calcium channels, J. Biol. Chem. 270(36):21234-21242 (1995).
Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989, pp. 9.47 9.57, 16.3. *
Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989, pp. 9.47-9.57, 16.3.
Scharf, Cloning with PCR, in PCR Protocols A Guide To Methods and Applications, Innis, M.A., et al., eds., New York: Academic Press; Chapter 11, pp. 84 91 (1990). *
Scharf, Cloning with PCR, in PCR Protocols A Guide To Methods and Applications, Innis, M.A., et al., eds., New York: Academic Press; Chapter 11, pp. 84-91 (1990).
Schmid et al., Immunochemical analysis of subunit structure of 1,4 dihydropyridine receptors associated with voltage dependent Ca 2 channels in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, Biochemistry 25: 3492 3495 (1986). *
Schmid et al., Immunochemical analysis of subunit structure of 1,4-dihydropyridine receptors associated with voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, Biochemistry 25: 3492-3495 (1986).
Seager et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522: 43 46 (1988). *
Seager et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522:43-46 (1988).
Sharp et al., Identification and characterization of the dihydropyridine binding subunit of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 62: 12309 12315 (1987). *
Sharp et al., Identification and characterization of the dihydropyridine-binding subunit of the skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor, J. Biol. Chem. 62:12309-12315 (1987).
Sieber et al., The 165 KDa peptide of the purified skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor contains the known regulatory sites of the calcium channel, Eur. J. Biochem. 167: 117 122 (1987). *
Sieber et al., The 165-KDa peptide of the purified skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor contains the known regulatory sites of the calcium channel, Eur. J. Biochem. 167:117-122 (1987).
Simerson et al., Pharmacological characterization of recombinant cell lines stably expressing human voltage gated calcium channel subunits 1A , 1B and 1E , Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 (1995). *
Simerson et al., Pharmacological characterization of recombinant cell lines stably expressing human voltage-gated calcium channel subunits α1A, α1B and α1E, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21 (1995).
Smith et al., Calcium channel activity in a purified dihydropyridine receptor preparation of skeletal muscle, Biochemistry 26: 7182 7188 (1987). *
Smith et al., Calcium channel activity in a purified dihydropyridine-receptor preparation of skeletal muscle, Biochemistry 26:7182-7188 (1987).
Stefani et al., Action of GP 47779, the active metabolite of oxcarbazepine, on the corticostriatal system. II. Modulation of high voltage activated calcium currents, Epilepsia 336 ( 10 ):997 1002 (1995). *
Stefani et al., Action of GP 47779, the active metabolite of oxcarbazepine, on the corticostriatal system. II. Modulation of high-voltage-activated calcium currents, Epilepsia 336(10):997-1002 (1995).
Striessnig et al., Photoaffinity labelling of the phenylalkylamine receptor of the skeletal muscle transverse tubule calcium channel, FEBS Lett. 212: 247 253 (1987). *
Striessnig et al., Photoaffinity labelling of the phenylalkylamine receptor of the skeletal muscle transverse-tubule calcium channel, FEBS Lett. 212:247-253 (1987).
Stumpo et al., Induction of c fos sequences involved in induction by insulin and phorbol esters, J. Biol. Chem. 263 ( 4 ):1611 1614 (1988). *
Stumpo et al., Induction of c-fos sequences involved in induction by insulin and phorbol esters, J. Biol. Chem. 263(4):1611-1614 (1988).
Takahashi et al., Dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle membranes: studies with antibodies against the alpha subunits, Biochemistry 26: 5518 5526 (1987). *
Takahashi et al., Dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle membranes: studies with antibodies against the subunits, Biochemistry 26(17):1518 1526 (1987). *
Takahashi et al., Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle membranes: studies with antibodies against the alpha subunits, Biochemistry 26:5518-5526 (1987).
Takahashi et al., Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle membranes: studies with antibodies against the α-subunits, Biochemistry 26(17):1518-1526 (1987).
Takahashi et al., Identification of an subunit of dihydropyridine sensitive brain calcium channels, Science 236: 88 91 (1987). *
Takahashi et al., Identification of an α subunit of dihydropyridine-sensitive brain calcium channels, Science 236:88-91 (1987).
Takahashi et al., Subunit structure of dihydropyridine sensitive calcium channels from skeletal muscle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 5478 5482 (1987). *
Takahashi et al., Subunit structure of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels from skeletal muscle, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5478-5482 (1987).
Tanabe et al., Primary Structure of the Receptor for Calcium Channel Blockers from Skeletal Muscle, Nature 328: 313 318 (1987). *
Tanabe et al., Primary Structure of the Receptor for Calcium Channel Blockers from Skeletal Muscle, Nature 328:313-318 (1987).
Utz et al., Inhibition of L type calcium currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes by the opioid agonist U50488H does not involve binding to opiate receptors, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 274 ( 2 ):627 633 (1995). *
Utz et al., Inhibition of L-type calcium currents in guinea pig ventricular myocytes by the κ-opioid agonist U50488H does not involve binding to opiate receptors, J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 274(2):627-633 (1995).
Vaghy et al., Identification of a novel 1,4 dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine binding polypeptide in calcium channel preparations, J. Biol. Chem. 262: 14337 14342 (1987). *
Vaghy et al., Identification of a novel 1,4-dihydropyridine- and phenylalkylamine-binding polypeptide in calcium channel preparations, J. Biol. Chem. 262:14337-14342 (1987).
Vaghy et al., Mechanism of action of calcium channel modulator drugs, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522: 176 186 (1988). *
Vaghy et al., Mechanism of action of calcium channel modulator drugs, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 522: 176-186 (1988).
Varaldi et al., Acceleration of activation and inactivation by the subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel, Nature 352: 159 162 (1991). *
Varaldi et al., Acceleration of activation and inactivation by the β subunit of the skeletal muscle calcium channel, Nature 352: 159-162 (1991).
von Heijne, Signal sequences: the limits of variation, J. Mol. Biol. 184: 99 105 (1985). *
von Heijne, Signal sequences: the limits of variation, J. Mol. Biol. 184:99-105 (1985).
Westenbroek et al., Immunochemical identification and subcellular distribution of the 1A subunits of brain calcium channels, J. Neurosci. 15 ( 10 ):6403 6418 (1995). *
Westenbroek et al., Immunochemical identification and subcellular distribution of the α1A subunits of brain calcium channels, J. Neurosci. 15(10):6403-6418 (1995).
Williams et al., An essential structural domain that determines the biophysical properties of the human 1A high voltage activated calcium channel, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21: 508.3 (1995). *
Williams et al., An essential structural domain that determines the biophysical properties of the human α1A high-voltage activated calcium channel, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:508.3 (1995).
Williams et al., Structure and functional characterization of neuronal 1E calcium channel subtypes, J. Biol. Chem. 269 ( 35 ):22347 22357 (1994). *
Williams et al., Structure and functional characterization of neuronal α1E calcium channel subtypes, J. Biol. Chem. 269(35):22347-22357 (1994).
Williams et al., Structure and functional expression of an Conotoxin Sensitive Human N Type Calcium Channel, Science 257: 389 395 (1992). *
Williams et al., Structure and functional expression of an ω-Conotoxin-Sensitive Human N-Type Calcium Channel, Science 257:389-395 (1992).
Williams, Structure and functional expression of 1 , 2 and subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype, Neuron 8: 71 84 (1992). *
Williams, Structure and functional expression of α1, α2 and β subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype, Neuron 8:71-84 (1992).
Wood, Gene cloning based on long oligonucleotide probes, Methods in Enzymology 152: 443 447 (1987). *
Wood, Gene cloning based on long oligonucleotide probes, Methods in Enzymology 152:443-447 (1987).
Yokoyama et al., Biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of the neuronal class E calcium channel 1 subunit, J. Neurosci. 15 ( 10 ):6419 6432 (1995). *
Yokoyama et al., Biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of the neuronal class E calcium channel α1 subunit, J. Neurosci. 15(10):6419-6432 (1995).
Young RA, and Davis RW. "Efficient isolation of genes using antibody probes." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80(5):1194-1198 (1983).
Young RA, and Davis RW. Efficient isolation of genes using antibody probes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80(5):1194 1198 (1983). *

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030166045A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2003-09-04 Ning Qin CDNA encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
EP1427825A2 (en) * 2001-04-11 2004-06-16 Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Cdna encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
EP1427825A4 (en) * 2001-04-11 2005-03-16 Ortho Mcneil Pharm Inc Cdna encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
US7157248B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2007-01-02 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. CDNA encoding the human α2 δ4 calcium channel subunit
US7524643B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2009-04-28 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. CDNA encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
US20090259022A1 (en) * 2001-04-11 2009-10-15 Ning Qin Cdna encoding the human alpha2 delta4 calcium channel subunit
US7820792B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2010-10-26 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. CDNA encoding the human α2 δ4 calcium channel subunit
WO2002097045A2 (en) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-05 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the alpha2delta subunit of calcium channels and methods therefore
WO2002097045A3 (en) * 2001-05-30 2003-12-18 Ortho Mcneil Pharm Inc Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the alpha2delta subunit of calcium channels and methods therefore
US6838249B2 (en) 2001-05-30 2005-01-04 Sui-Po Zhang Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the α2δ subunit of calcium channels and methods therefore
US7049084B2 (en) 2001-05-30 2006-05-23 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Neuroblastoma cell lines expressing the α2δ subunit of calcium channels and methods therefore
US20100087446A1 (en) * 2007-04-26 2010-04-08 Chakravarty Prasun K 2-substituted indole derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20100210620A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-19 Chakravarty Prasun K Substituted Aryl Sulfone Derivatives as Calcium Channel Blockers
US20100204247A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-12 Duffy Joseph L N-substituted oxindoline derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US8273749B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2012-09-25 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. N-substituted oxindoline derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20100216815A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2010-08-26 Duffy Joseph L N-substituted oxindoline derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US8304434B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2012-11-06 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Substituted aryl sulfone derivatives as calcium channel blockers
EP3106166A1 (en) 2008-02-29 2016-12-21 VM Therapeutics LLC Compounds for treating pain syndrome and other disorders
US9834555B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2017-12-05 VM Therapeutics LLC. Method for treating pain syndrome and other disorders
US9402848B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2016-08-02 Vm Therapeutics Llc Method for treating pain syndrome and other disorders
US20090270413A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Di-t-butylphenyl piperazines as calcium channel blockers
US20090270394A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Cyclylamine derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20090270338A1 (en) * 2008-04-28 2009-10-29 Galemmo Jr Robert Diaryl-cyclylalkyl derivatives as calcium channel blockers
US20110172236A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2011-07-14 Chakravarty Prasun K Substituted aryl sulfone derivatives as calcium channel blockers
WO2011053542A1 (en) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Heterocycle amide t-type calcium channel antagonists
WO2013148640A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2013-10-03 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Imidazolyl methyl piperidine t-type calcium channel antagonists

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1341170C (en) 2001-01-16
WO1989009834A1 (en) 1989-10-19
EP0424397B1 (en) 1996-06-19
DK240090D0 (en) 1990-10-04
DE68926713D1 (en) 1996-07-25
ATE139542T1 (en) 1996-07-15
DK173404B1 (en) 2000-09-25
EP0424397A1 (en) 1991-05-02
US5618720A (en) 1997-04-08
EP0424397A4 (en) 1992-08-12
US7063950B1 (en) 2006-06-20
FI904827A0 (en) 1990-10-01
AU3548089A (en) 1989-11-03
DE68926713T2 (en) 1996-11-14
JP3066398B2 (en) 2000-07-17
JPH04503152A (en) 1992-06-11
DK240090A (en) 1990-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6013474A (en) Calcium channel compositions and methods
US5407820A (en) Calcium channel α-2 subunit DNAs and cells expressing them
US5981245A (en) EPH-like receptor protein tyrosine kinases
US6015677A (en) Assay methods using DNA encoding mammalian phosphodiesterases
US6031088A (en) Polycystic kidney disease PKD2 gene and uses thereof
US5985586A (en) Methods for identifying compounds that modulate the activity of human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
US6022704A (en) DNA and mRNA encoding an α4 subunit of human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cells transformed with same
US6166180A (en) Chromosome 21 gene marker, compositions and methods using same
US5726035A (en) Recombinant production of mammalian calcium channel gamma subunits
US6083705A (en) DNA encoding human α 1 adrenergic receptors and uses thereof
US6001581A (en) Cation-based bioassay using human metabotropic glutamate receptors
US6096514A (en) Human calcium channel compositions and methods
US6066472A (en) Nucleic acids coding for GLM-2, a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase
US6007981A (en) Polynucleotide encoding a receptor for a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin and methods of use
US6040143A (en) DNA encoding von Willebrand factor and methods of use
US6015673A (en) Cloning and expression of cDNA for human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
US6165719A (en) hKCa3/KCNN3 small conductance calcium activated potassium channel: a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target
US6020128A (en) DNA polymerase from Treponema pallidum
US6001354A (en) GRB2 associating polypeptides and nucleic acids encoding therefor
US6017695A (en) Nucleic acids encoding human cell adhesion molecule
US6001575A (en) Therapeutic uses of grip and grip-related molecules
US6121419A (en) Compositions and methods for detecting gene rearrangements and translocations
US6156879A (en) Human minor vault protein p193
US6140485A (en) Nucleic acid encoding human neuronal calcium channel subunits
US6054313A (en) Nucleic acid and amino acid sequences for mammalian sulfonylurea receptor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MERCK & CO., INC., NEW JERSEY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIBIA NEUROSCIENCES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:010514/0001

Effective date: 19991222

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAT HOLDER NO LONGER CLAIMS SMALL ENTITY STATUS, ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: STOL); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

REFU Refund

Free format text: REFUND - PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: R1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: REFUND - SURCHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENT, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: R1554); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Free format text: REFUND - SURCHARGE, PETITION TO ACCEPT PYMT AFTER EXP, UNINTENTIONAL (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: R2551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20120111