US599831A

US599831A - cohen

Info

Publication number: US599831A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1898-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 1915-03-01

Description

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` UNITED STATES PATENT OEErcEo VICTOR E. COHEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TOTHE HILL VMANUFACTURING COMPANY', OF SAME PLACE.

COMPRESSION-PUMP.

sPEcIFIcA'rIoN forming part of Lettere Patent No. 599,831, dated Maren 1,1898.

Y Application faea June 17,1897. serai 110.641,101.' (Nomodei.)

l is for use in connection With refrigerating apparatus where a vapor, such as that of ammonia, is to be compressed for subsequent expansion t produce cold; but I do not limit my claims to this specific use. The pumping device is one in which the compressing action is effected through the medium of a liquid which is forced into a chamber containing the iiuid to be compressed, said liquid, which for convenience of description may be termed the piston liquid, being of course practically a permanent body, which is utilized in successive actions of the pumping device and which is of such a character as not to commingle injuriously With the iiuid to be compressed. In devices of this character mercury has been employed;` but while I do not restrict my claims to any particular liquid I v have found that with the device hereinafter described oil may be advantageously substituted for mercury, thus affording a cheaper and in many respects a more'satisfactory'medium. v 1 p The main objects of my invention are to simplify the construction of the apparatus, dispensing with cumbersome and bulky parts, and to render the compressing action efficient to the highest degree and Without waste of action through the failure to completely clear the compressing-chamber. Furthermore, I am enabled to completely and efciently return the body of piston liquid for repetition of the operation.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a plan view of an apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the apparatus as seen from the left-hand side of Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the pistoncylinder, showing the mechanism for automatically'operating the feed-valves of said cylinder. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of parts on the line' 5 of Fig. 1. Fig.

6 is a horizontal sectional view of one of the feed-valves of the piston-cylinder on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4:.

In said iigures, A is the piston-cylinder, and B the piston-head, adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, said head being'provided with the usual piston-rob b and stuffing-box a. Thepiston B may be reci procated by any convenient mechanism.

The cylinder A is provided at its respective ends with upward extensions a and a2. The said extensions communicate, respectively,

with pump-chambers A' and A2, said pumpa separating-cylinder G, wherein said compressed fluid may be freed from particles of oil or other foreign substances which have accidentally'mixed with it. Said oil, &c., gravitates through the pipe g to the trap g', which communicates at g2 with the reservoir H.

The piston-cylinder A contains upon each side of said pistonB whatI term the piston liquid X.. By means of mechanism hereinafter described said liquid is automatically supplied lfrom a suitable reservoir H in such quantity upon the respective sides of said piston-head B that when the piston reaches the extremity of its stroke vtoward one or the other of said extensions of the piston-cylindersaid liquid shall overflow from the top of the respective pump-chamber. In order that thismay be effected, a quantity of said liquid isV maintained in the reservoir H, which communicates at its top with the pipe F aforesaid. Extending from the bottom of said reservoir H are two feed-pipes h and h2, which lead, respectively, into the cylinder extensions ot' and a2. Said feed-pipes are conveniently provided with stop-valves h3 and h4;

but in the normal operation of the device said valves remain open and the flow of the surplus piston liquid from the reservoir to the respective pump-chambers A and A2 is predetermined bythe adjustment of the feedvalves II' and H2.

The valves H and H2 are alike in construction. Ihave therefore shown but one of them in section in Fig. G. Said valve comprises a spring-actuated puppet (marked h4 and h5) in the respective valves. Said puppets normally close the inlets from the feed-pipes to their respective cylinder extensions and pump-chambers.

Conveniently mounted upon the piston-cylinder A is a slide-rod I. Said rod is caused to reciprocate by means of a pitman c', which may be conveniently actuated from the motor of the piston-rod b, so as to make the same number of strokes as the latter, though of course wit-h a more limited movement. Adjustably mounted upon said rod I are standards I and I2, provided, respectively, with adjustable tappets i' and The said tappets 'i' and 2 are adapted to strike and actuate the puppets h4 and 71.5 of the feed-valves II' H2, respectively.

The automatic regulation of the opening of the respective feed-valves may be predetermined with precision by the adjustment of the mechanism above described, the relation of the parts being such that shortly after the commencement of the pistons stroke one feed-valve shall open and permit the inflow of sufficient surplus piston liquid through the proper feed-pipe from the reservoir H to insure the overflow of said piston liquid from the top of that pump-chamber which is for the time being the seat of compression.

As above mentioned, the reservoir H is in communication at its top with the outlet-pipe F. Therefore when said feed-valve is opened the pressure of the fluid from said pipe F upon the surface of the reserved liquid in the reservoir H serves to inject said liquid through the said feed-pipe into the piston liquid already contained in the cylinder extension, although said liquid is of course under compression.

The reservoir H is preferably provided with an indicator 71 whereby the quantity of reserved liquid may be determined, the said indicator being conveniently provided with the usual stop-valves, &c.

As is usual in machines of this class, the pump-chambers A and A2 are preferably surrounded with water-jackets A4 and A5, provided with suitable inlets and outlets A6 and A7, as best shown in Fig. l.

I also iind it convenient to provide the apparatus with two gages J and J The said gages .I and J being respectively connected piston liquid to lill said chamber when the piston B is at the end of its stroke beneath the respective chamber, and reservoir II bcing filled to such a height as to make said reserved liquid visible in the indicator 7L, the operation of the device is as follows: The piston B and slide-rod I are caused to reciprocate. As the piston-head shifts along its cylinder the piston liquid by gravitation follows, producing a vacuum or partial vacuum in the pump-chamber, in which said liquid sinks. As soon as the pressure in said chamber falls below the pressure of the fluid in the inlet-pipe E the valve C opens downward against the pressure of its spring c, allowing said iluid to flow into the space above the piston liquid, which inflow continues until the end of the stroke of the piston B, completely filling the pump-chamber. neously with the foregoing action the piston liquid in front of the piston-head B rises in its respective pump-chamber and, compressing the fluid above it, causes the valve D to open against the pressure of its spring (l when said pressure exceeds that of the fluid in the outlet-pipe F. As said liquid rises the compressed fluid is of course discharged through said outlet-pipe F into the separating-chamber G or other suitable receptacle. The stroke of the rod I in the same direction as the piston-head B brings one of its tappets against the respective feed-valve and `opens the feed-inlet to the pump-chamber,

in which the fluid is under pressure. As

`above described, the pressure-outlet F is in communication with the reservoir II. rIherefore as soon as the feed-valve is open a portion of the piston liquid from the reservoir II is injected by the fluid-pressure above it through the feed pipe and valve aforesaid into the cylinder under pressure. The quantity of the piston liquid thus delivered at the beginning of each pressure-stroke is predetermined, so that the piston liquid at the completion of its compressing stroke shall always overflow the seat of the valve D. Said surplus of course iinds its way through the outlet F into the top of the reservoir Il'. Upon the reversal of the stroke of the piston-head B the valve D seats itself in the liquid overflowing its seat. Therefore there cannot be a waste space at the top of the compressioncylinder to contain a troublesome residue of the compressed fluid. By the reversal of the stroke of the piston-head B the valve action in the respective cylinders is of course reversed The pump-chamber in which the iluid has just been compressed, being gradscribed.

In the foregoing description I have referred to an ordinary reciprocating piston as the most obvious means for actuating the piston liquid; but it must be understood that I do not limit myself to the particular device shown, and in my claims I intend to compre- ICO IIO

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hend under the term actuating-pump any device which is capable of producing the desired movement ofthe piston liquid.

Having thus described my invention, I claimv 1. The combination, of an actuating-pump; a chamber communicating therewith, said chamber being provided with inlet and outlet valves to control the admission and discharge of fluid to be compressed; a reservoir for piston liquid communicating with said pump; a body of piston liquid exceeding in quantity the capacity of said chamber; a feedvalve controlling the supply of piston liquid; and means substantially as set forth, including positive actuating mechanism for said valve, whereby at predetermined intervals a surplus of the piston liquid in the reservoir is introduced into the chamber.

2. The combination, of an actuating-pump; a pair of chambers communicating therewith, said chambers being provided with inlet and outlet valves to control the admission and discharge of the iiuid to be compressed; a reservoir for piston liquid communicating with said pump in the described relation to each of said chambers respectively; a body of piston liquid exceeding in quantity the capacity of said chambers respectively; a discharge-pipe for eompressed'luid, leading from each'of said chambers and' communicating also with said reservoir; feed-valves controlling the communication between said reservoir and said pump; and positive actuating mechanism for said valves, whereby, in the described relation to the action of the compressing-pump, a surplus of piston liquid is introduced into that one of said chambers which is for the time being the seat of the compressing action, substantially as described.

VICTOR E. COHEN.

Witnesses:

G. HERBERT JENKINS, JAMES H. BELL.