US596747A - Method of and apparatus for smelting complex ores - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for smelting complex ores Download PDF

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US596747A
US596747A US596747DA US596747A US 596747 A US596747 A US 596747A US 596747D A US596747D A US 596747DA US 596747 A US596747 A US 596747A
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace

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  • This invention relates to the smeltin'g of complex or mixed lead and copper ores, and has for its object to separa-te the molten copper and iron compounds from the compounds of lead and similar metals andtreat each kind of compound .separately in an appropriate manner for extracting the values contained therein.
  • Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a set of smelting and convertin g or bessemerizing furnaces embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal section in line 2 2
  • Fig. 3 is atop plan View, partly in section.
  • Fig. et is a vertical section of the smelting-furnace in line 4t 4
  • Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, on an enlarged scale, of one of the trunnions of the Waterjacketed furnacecover.
  • Fig. 6 is a vertical section in line G 6, Fig. 5.
  • A represents the primary or smelting fur nace, having a water-jacketed stack a, which is charged with ore and fuel from the charging-door a'.
  • the latter is arranged on alevel with the upper end of the stack, at the front side thereof, in the usual manner, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. B represents the uptake, which extends This top is composed of two upright side pieces l) b, each of which is composed of a frame b and side plates h2, forming a water-jacket, and a pivoted cover C, which is also water-jacketed.
  • This cover is pivotally supported with its rear end above the front end. ot" the uptake, Fig. et, and swings down between the side pieces b, resting,when closed,in an inclined position, with its front end on the top of the stack, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. e.
  • the cover is raised and suitably supported in a horizontal position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 4.
  • This cover is a flat hollow box or chamber composed ot a rec tangular frame c and top and bottom plates c', riveted thereto.
  • the water. flows to and from this chamber through vertical pipes c2.
  • Each of these pipes is stationary and provided at its lower end with an elbow o3, Fig. 5, in which is fitted the outer end of a horizontal pipe c4, which is secured to and projects laterally from the cover at the rear end thereof.
  • a stuffing-box c5 connects the horizontal pipe with the elbow.
  • the inner end of the horizontal pipe is screwed into a passage c, which is formed in the frame c of the cover and which opens into the cavity of the latter, sov that the water can pass from the stationary vertical pipe through the horizontal pipe into the cavity of the cover, or vice versa, and the cover canbe swung on the horizontal pipes as trunnions.
  • a passage c which is formed in the frame c of the cover and which opens into the cavity of the latter, sov that the water can pass from the stationary vertical pipe through the horizontal pipe into the cavity of the cover, or vice versa, and the cover canbe swung on the horizontal pipes as trunnions.
  • These trunnien-pipes rest and turn in recesses c7, formed in the upper ends of the side piecesl), Fig. 6.
  • D represents the hearth of this furnace, and d represents the tap-hole through which the metal is drawn oft which collects on the bottom of this heart-h.
  • E represents the bessemerizing-twyers, which open above the bottom and below the slag-level, and E represents the smelting-twyers, which open into the furnace above the slag-level.
  • the molten metallic compounds arrange themselves on the hearth of the furnace in superposed layers or strata in the order of their specific gravities.
  • the metal if any,is formed on the bottom, the next lighter compounds, which are mainly lead compounds, above the metal, the next lighter compounds, which are mainly copper and iron compounds, above the lead compounds, and the slag at the top.
  • p J represents the furnace foribessemerizing Y the copper matte, arranged on one side of the.
  • the copper -bessemerizing f. furnace hask7 above hearth -azstaclejf1,whiclrpreferably tapers'upwardly andi vis filled with a column of linx, such fas' quartz, diorite, Sor otherr sili-l @sions material suitable forforminfga huid slag with .ther ironoxid; VThe top of this furnace 1 nace andthefexcessof gases .can pass through f this passage 'above the' slag fronone tu rnaee to the other.
  • ⁇ consistscf side pieoesj2 andy a pivoted cover constructed like the corresponding parts of the top of the snielting-furnace.
  • j# represents the uptake of the copper-bessemerizing furnace, and (7'5 the bessemerizingtwyers of the same.
  • K represents a settling-well
  • L a bessemerizing-furnace in which the lead coinarranged adjacent to the furnace A and communicates therewith by a passage 7o, formed in the adjacent side walls of this furnace and the settling-well in such manner that the. lead compounds, the copper and iron coinsage from the smelting-furnace into the settling-well.
  • the latter is provided with a slagspout 71;', (shown in dotted lines in Fig. l and in full linesin Fig. 2,) a tap-hole k2 for drawing off the metal, and preferably with auxiliaryA tap-holes 7a3 7o* at greater heights above the bottom of the hearth 705 for drawing samples of the different compounds.
  • This settling-Well is provided above its hearth with an upwardlytapering water-jacketed stack m and has a top composed of side pieces m and a pivoted cover m2 and an uptake m3.
  • These parts are in construction and arrangement like the corresponding parts of the matte-bessemeriz'- Y charge of ore and fuel.
  • ore contains mainly sulflds and other combijnations of bismuth, lead, copper, and iron, the molten mass which collects on the hearth will become gradually enriched by the besl semerzng-blast burning out sulfur. This increases the difference in gravity between the .ingfurnace al.
  • the lower portion of the stack f is, preferably provided.abovefithe ⁇ slag-levelE with twyers m4.'
  • the stackr ⁇ of this furnace f is preferably charged with; charcoal or similar.
  • f fo representsthe 'slagspout of' the furnace; Lf which is :fitted againstpthfe '-outersideof an .f opening e" in the: sidewall of theiurnace and :1.
  • the slag-spout la of the settling-well is arrranged at a slightly-higher level than the slag-level in the smelting-furnace, as shown in Fig.r l, to adjust the spout. to. the slag-level which is maintained in the settling-Well and pounds are treated.
  • the settling-well K is which is proportionately higher than in the lsmelting-furnace by reason of the air-pressure which is maintained in the latter, because the blast cannot freely escape through the stack of the furnace, which is filled with y a column of ore and fuel.
  • the lead compounds may consist mainly of sulfids, but may also contain arsenids and antimonids and other combina- Lsg IIO
  • the lead compounds and the copper and iron mattes flow through the passage il; into the settling-Well K.
  • the lead compounds pass from the settling-Well into the lead-bessemerizing furnace L, which is also filled with charcoal or other fuel and ⁇ where the bessemerizing-blast causes the gradual enrichment-of these compounds and the separation of metallic lead, probably mixed with some lbismuth and other similar metals.
  • This molten metal flows back into the settling-Well, Where it is joined by such metal as is deposited therein, and this layer of Vm etal F', in which leadusuall y preponderates, is drawn ed through the tap-hole of the settling-Well.
  • the iron and copper mattes pass from the smeltingfnrnace into the copper-bessemerizing furnace J and are there subjected to the bessemeriZing-blast underneath the column of iux or silica which is contained in the stack of that furnace.
  • the copper and other metals combined therewith are deposited on the hearth of that furnace in a layer F2 and are drawn off from time to time through the tap-hole d.
  • the iron oxid combines with the silica and forms therewith a iiuid slag, which flows into the smelting-furnace. This slag encounters in the latter the sulfur and poor sulfids, whereby the values contained in the slag are intercepted and returned to the inattes.
  • the impoverished slag then passes into the settling-Well, from which it is discharged. Comparativelylittle slag isformed in the lead-bessemerizing furnace L, and the slag there formed is discharged through the slag-spout of that furnace.
  • the molten iron and copper mattes and the molten lead and similar compounds are separated and each is treated in an appropriate manner, the lead and similar compounds in the absence of a silicious flux, which would cause a loss of lead in the form of lead silicate, and the iron and copper mattes with a silicious flux which combines with the iron oxid and forms therewith a fluid slag, which is readily discharged and which can be caused to flow through the smelting-furnace in order to extract the values whichv may be contained in the slag.
  • the bessemerizing of the separated ingredients proceeds simultaneously and While the smelting is going on, and the reheatin g of the products of the operation of Metallic bis' smelting is thereby avoided, rendering the process simple, continuous, and economical.
  • Low-grade mattes and otherf urnace products may be smelted in the same way, and I do not Wish to limit myself to the smelting of ores, but Wish to include the smelting of such metallic combinations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1A (No Model.)
O. S. GARRETSON. METHOD of* AND APPARATUS POR SMBLTING GOMPLEX GRES.
Patented Jan. 4, 1898.
M INVENTOR- WITNESSESI @MAZAAW/A ATTORN EYS.
we nmaxs :11cm :zo Mom-nwo.. WASHINGTON, D. c.
(No Model.)
3 Sheets-Sheet' 2. O. S. GARRETSON. METHOD OP ND APPARATUS POR SMELTINGGOMPLEX DRES.
Patented Jan. 4, 1898.
1 Y gg.
WITNESSESZ INVENTOP. MLV M ATTORN EYS.
s warms ct:A Ha-mutuo. WASH 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
(No Model.)
0. S. GARR'ETSON. MBTHGD o? AND APPARATUS POR SMBLTING GGMPLEX GRES. No. 596,704?.
INYENTOR.
l ATTQRN EYS.
rearwardly 'from the furnace-top.
UNITED STATES- lParenti trice,
OLIVER S. GARRETSON, OF BUFFALO, NEWv YORK.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SMELTING COMPLEX CRES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596, 74.7, dated January 4,1898.
Application filed March 6, 1897. Serial No. 626,256. (No model.)
To all whom t may concern:
Be it known that I, OLIVER S. GARRETSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State ot' New York, have invented a new and useful lmprovement in Methods of and Apparatus for Smelting Complex Ores, of which the following is aspeciiication.
This invention relates to the smeltin'g of complex or mixed lead and copper ores, and has for its object to separa-te the molten copper and iron compounds from the compounds of lead and similar metals andtreat each kind of compound .separately in an appropriate manner for extracting the values contained therein.
It is well known that in lead-smelting the presence of copper compounds is objectionable, and that in such smelting the values contained in the copper compounds cannot be protably extracted, while in copper-smelt ing the presence of lead compounds is equally objectionable. My invention is designed to overcome these ditliculties and to separate and extract the values from both kinds of compounds at one operation in a simple and efficient manner.
In the accompanying drawings, consisting of three sheets, Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a set of smelting and convertin g or bessemerizing furnaces embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section in line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is atop plan View, partly in section. Fig. et is a vertical section of the smelting-furnace in line 4t 4, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, on an enlarged scale, of one of the trunnions of the Waterjacketed furnacecover. Fig. 6 is a vertical section in line G 6, Fig. 5.
Like letters of reference referto like parts in the several iigures.
A represents the primary or smelting fur nace, having a water-jacketed stack a, which is charged with ore and fuel from the charging-door a'. The latter is arranged on alevel with the upper end of the stack, at the front side thereof, in the usual manner, as shown in Fig. 4.
B represents the uptake, which extends This top is composed of two upright side pieces l) b, each of which is composed of a frame b and side plates h2, forming a water-jacket, and a pivoted cover C, which is also water-jacketed. This cover is pivotally supported with its rear end above the front end. ot" the uptake, Fig. et, and swings down between the side pieces b, resting,when closed,in an inclined position, with its front end on the top of the stack, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. e. For charging the stack the cover is raised and suitably supported in a horizontal position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 4. This cover is a flat hollow box or chamber composed ot a rec tangular frame c and top and bottom plates c', riveted thereto. The water. flows to and from this chamber through vertical pipes c2. Each of these pipes is stationary and provided at its lower end with an elbow o3, Fig. 5, in which is fitted the outer end of a horizontal pipe c4, which is secured to and projects laterally from the cover at the rear end thereof. A stuffing-box c5 connects the horizontal pipe with the elbow. The inner end of the horizontal pipe is screwed into a passage c, which is formed in the frame c of the cover and which opens into the cavity of the latter, sov that the water can pass from the stationary vertical pipe through the horizontal pipe into the cavity of the cover, or vice versa, and the cover canbe swung on the horizontal pipes as trunnions. These trunnien-pipes rest and turn in recesses c7, formed in the upper ends of the side piecesl), Fig. 6.
D represents the hearth of this furnace, and d represents the tap-hole through which the metal is drawn oft which collects on the bottom of this heart-h. E represents the bessemerizing-twyers, which open above the bottom and below the slag-level, and E represents the smelting-twyers, which open into the furnace above the slag-level.
In smelting in this furnace complex ores containing sulds of lead, bismuth, and similar metals, and copper and iron suliids, the molten metallic compounds arrange themselves on the hearth of the furnace in superposed layers or strata in the order of their specific gravities. The metal, if any,is formed on the bottom, the next lighter compounds, which are mainly lead compounds, above the metal, the next lighter compounds, which are mainly copper and iron compounds, above the lead compounds, and the slag at the top.
IOO
` Inithe drawings`,r1`r represents the. bottom Vstratum of metal; iinfthe `Vsrueltirig-furnace.;
' The moltenlead compoundsandltheinolten. copper and` iron compounds ilow separately= :froin'thesmelting-furnace into bessemer-izing or convertingfurnacesA arranged on opposite.-
p J represents the furnace foribessemerizing Y the copper matte, arranged on one side of the.
sides of the-smelting-furnace.
' smelting-furnaceA. i'llhisfurnace'communil cates with the `snie'ltiiig-turn ace nya passageY 33, formedrin the adjacent sidewalls 'of these furnaces-in such'manner thatthe' lead .corn-3 5 :pounds =are excluded from :this passage While the copper. and ii-onf rcompounds f or 1 mattesi furnace into the 'eopper-bessemerizin -furipassage-jisarranged above: the level of the 1 stratum Goirrlead compounds in the' smeltingfurnace and lbelow the. slag-level', asshownfiu.
above'the slag-level, so thatthe slag formed.
f through this passage in to the smelting-furl :The copper -bessemerizing f. furnace hask7 above hearth -azstaclejf1,whiclrpreferably tapers'upwardly andi vis filled with a column of linx, such fas' quartz, diorite, Sor otherr sili-l @sions material suitable forforminfga huid slag with .ther ironoxid; VThe top of this furnace 1 nace andthefexcessof gases .can pass through f this passage 'above the' slag fronone tu rnaee to the other.
` consistscf side pieoesj2 andy a pivoted cover constructed like the corresponding parts of the top of the snielting-furnace.
j# represents the uptake of the copper-bessemerizing furnace, and (7'5 the bessemerizingtwyers of the same.
K represents a settling-well, and L a bessemerizing-furnace in which the lead coinarranged adjacent to the furnace A and communicates therewith by a passage 7o, formed in the adjacent side walls of this furnace and the settling-well in such manner that the. lead compounds, the copper and iron coinsage from the smelting-furnace into the settling-well. The latter is provided with a slagspout 71;', (shown in dotted lines in Fig. l and in full linesin Fig. 2,) a tap-hole k2 for drawing off the metal, and preferably with auxiliaryA tap-holes 7a3 7o* at greater heights above the bottom of the hearth 705 for drawing samples of the different compounds. This settling-Well is provided above its hearth with an upwardlytapering water-jacketed stack m and has a top composed of side pieces m and a pivoted cover m2 and an uptake m3. These parts are in construction and arrangement like the corresponding parts of the matte-bessemeriz'- Y charge of ore and fuel. ore contains mainly sulflds and other combijnations of bismuth, lead, copper, and iron, the molten mass which collects on the hearth will become gradually enriched by the besl semerzng-blast burning out sulfur. This increases the difference in gravity between the .ingfurnace al. The lower portion of the stack f is, preferably provided.abovefithe `slag-levelE with twyers m4.' The stackr` of this furnace f is preferably charged with; charcoal or similar.
fuel, which acts as a iilterfin intercepting I particles of inatte'ormetal which may; -iioating inthe slag and. also. to someV extent operates to .reduce lnetallicoxida f 1 The Llead-hesseinerizing furnace Lisar- ,ranged ontheouter side of'thesettling-well c f .K r:and communicates with the latter Vby a pas sagehformedin the ladjacernt sidewalls at. isucha heightabovethe bottom thatonly ther y c l lead compounds canowthroufgh this passage g l. lfromV the settling-Well lil. to the lead-besse- .merizing'urnaceli, while the lightercopper=v t 1k and iron'conrpounds, whichoncupyahigher*. devel,- are `prewaitedfrom entering, this pas- LsageixThis .lead-bessernerizing furnace vis y .l provided above'its hearthiwithran upwardly l.' tapering water-jacketed stack ,n .and a topl rwhich is composed of sidepieees andl a pivotedcoverf 'ai and eommunicateswiththe up.-i
takeMS, all ofwhich partsare constructed 'and .f
'settling-well. Y
f fo representsthe 'slagspout of' the furnace; Lf which is :fitted againstpthfe '-outersideof an .f opening e" in the: sidewall of theiurnace and :1. g Vmade vertioallyadjustable in a wells-known Y.
`manner,so'fthat .the spout can be adjusted to. Y
1 the slag-level whichis maintained lin this f urf nace; Prepresents the.hessemerining-twyersi fof this furnace, which: open 1 immediately ahovethe bottom; of :thehearithpf thereof..j This bottom isiarranged slightly. higherthan w .l
the bottom 21:5 of the settling-well liso, thatl the, metal which is deposited 'on` the bottom js, which are water-jacketed and otherwise p flows through the passage Z upon th-e bottom of the settling-well, from which it is drawn off through the tap-hole k2.
The slag-spout la of the settling-well is arrranged at a slightly-higher level than the slag-level in the smelting-furnace, as shown in Fig.r l, to adjust the spout. to. the slag-level which is maintained in the settling-Well and pounds are treated. The settling-well K is which is proportionately higher than in the lsmelting-furnace by reason of the air-pressure which is maintained in the latter, because the blast cannot freely escape through the stack of the furnace, which is filled with y a column of ore and fuel.
pounds, and the slag flow through this pas- The smelting-furnace is kept filled with a Assuming that -the sulfids and other compounds of lead and similar metalsuch as bismuth, antimony, tin,
dac-and the iron and copper mattes, which I are specifically lighter than the lead compounds. The lead compounds may consist mainly of sulfids, but may also contain arsenids and antimonids and other combina- Lsg IIO
' 'seaterV s4 tions of these metals, according1 to the composition of the ores used, and when arsenids arepresent in suiiicient quantity they may forma distinct layer, which will take its place below the layer consisting mainly of lead sullid, as it is specifi cally heavier. ninth, probably mixed with some lead and other similar metals, being the heaviest ingredient, will form the lowest layer F, lead compounds, probably containing some bismuth and other metals, the next higher layer G, the iron and copper mattes the next higher layer H, and the slag the top layer I. The deposited metal is drawn off from time to time through the tap-hole d. The lead compounds and the copper and iron mattes flow through the passage il; into the settling-Well K. The lead compounds pass from the settling-Well into the lead-bessemerizing furnace L, which is also filled with charcoal or other fuel and `where the bessemerizing-blast causes the gradual enrichment-of these compounds and the separation of metallic lead, probably mixed with some lbismuth and other similar metals. This molten metal flows back into the settling-Well, Where it is joined by such metal as is deposited therein, and this layer of Vm etal F', in which leadusuall y preponderates, is drawn ed through the tap-hole of the settling-Well.
The iron and copper mattes pass from the smeltingfnrnace into the copper-bessemerizing furnace J and are there subjected to the bessemeriZing-blast underneath the column of iux or silica which is contained in the stack of that furnace. The copper and other metals combined therewith are deposited on the hearth of that furnace in a layer F2 and are drawn off from time to time through the tap-hole d. The iron oxid combines with the silica and forms therewith a iiuid slag, which flows into the smelting-furnace. This slag encounters in the latter the sulfur and poor sulfids, whereby the values contained in the slag are intercepted and returned to the inattes. The impoverished slag then passes into the settling-Well, from which it is discharged. Comparativelylittle slag isformed in the lead-bessemerizing furnace L, and the slag there formed is discharged through the slag-spout of that furnace. In this manner the molten iron and copper mattes and the molten lead and similar compounds are separated and each is treated in an appropriate manner, the lead and similar compounds in the absence of a silicious flux, which would cause a loss of lead in the form of lead silicate, and the iron and copper mattes with a silicious flux which combines with the iron oxid and forms therewith a fluid slag, which is readily discharged and which can be caused to flow through the smelting-furnace in order to extract the values whichv may be contained in the slag. The bessemerizing of the separated ingredients proceeds simultaneously and While the smelting is going on, and the reheatin g of the products of the operation of Metallic bis' smelting is thereby avoided, rendering the process simple, continuous, and economical. Low-grade mattes and otherf urnace products may be smelted in the same way, and I do not Wish to limit myself to the smelting of ores, but Wish to include the smelting of such metallic combinations.
l claim as my inventionl. Theherein-described continuous method of smelting complex ores or furnace products which consists in smelting the ore or furnace product, permitting the stratification of the molten mass according to the different densities of the ingredients, causing superposed layers of `different ingredients to dow separately and continuously into bessemerizingfurnaces, and bessemerizing such ingredients separately, substantially as set forth.
2. The herein-described contin nous method of smelting complex ores or furnace products containing lead compounds and iron and copper compounds, which consists in smelting the ore or furnace product, bessemerizing the molten mass and permitting the stratification thereof according to the different densities of the ingredients, causing the superposed layers of lead compounds and of iron and copper mattesto flouT separately and continuously into bessemerizing-furnaces, bessemerizing the iron and copper mattes underneath a column of flux, and bessemerizing the lead compounds separately, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination With a smelting-furnace, of bessemeriZing-furnaces having their hearths communicating with the hearth of the smelting-furnace by separate passages arranged at different levels, through Which the layers of the molten mass collecting on the hearth of the smelting-furnace according to their densities flow separately to said bessemerizing-furnaces, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with a smelting-f urnace, of a matte-bessemerizing furnace having its hearth communicating with that of the smelting-furnace by a matte-passage, and a lead-bessemerizing furnace having its hearth communicating with that of the smelting-furnace by a passage which has its top arranged lower than the bottom of the matte-passage, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with a smelting-furnace, of a matte-bessemerizing furnace havin g its hearth communicating with that of the smelting-furnace by a matte-passage, a settling-Well having its hearth communicating With that of the smelting-furnace, and a leadbessemerizing furnace communicating with the settling-Well by a passage which has its top arranged lower than the bottom of the matte-passage, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with a smelting-furnace, of a settling-Well having its hearth communicating With that of the smelting-furnaoe, and a bessemerizing-fnrnace having its hearth communicating with that of the settling-Well and having its hearth arranged higher than IOO IIO
that of the settling-Well, whereby the molten metal which is deposited in the bessemerizing-furnace is caused to ow back into the settling-Well, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with a metallurgical furnace, of a top composed ofwater-jaeketed side pieces and a pivoted. cover arranged between these side pieces and composed of a
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725044A (en) * 1968-12-07 1973-04-03 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Method of continuous processing of sulfide ores
US3822871A (en) * 1968-12-07 1974-07-09 T Morisaki Apparatus for continuous processing of sulfide ores and apparatus therefor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725044A (en) * 1968-12-07 1973-04-03 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Method of continuous processing of sulfide ores
US3822871A (en) * 1968-12-07 1974-07-09 T Morisaki Apparatus for continuous processing of sulfide ores and apparatus therefor

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