US595825A

US595825A - Mold for lining shells of journal-bearings

Info

Publication number: US595825A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1897-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 1914-12-21

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(NoMod L) 1 0.1.UEBELA0KBR, MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS 0P JOURNAL BEARINGS.

WWW

W MN m E.

" (No Model.)

O. F. UEBELAGKER. MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS 0F JOURNAL BEARINGS.

, Patehted'DemQl, 1897. 5

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES F. UEBELAOKER, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

MOLD FOR LINING SHELLS OF JOURNAL-BEARINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,825, dated December 21, 1897.

Application filed October 16, 1896. Serial No. 609,067- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. UEBEL- ACKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Molds for Lining Shells of J ournal-Bearin gs, fully described and represented in the following Specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

The object of this invention is to furnish a means of casting a Babbitt'or other fusible lining within a metallic shell or journal-bearing and simultaneously forming inclined or spiral oil-channels upon the inner surface of the lining. Such oil channels are readily formed by furnishing the mandrel upon which the lining is cast with ribs projected from the surface of the mandrel upon suitable lines. Where such ribs wind around the surface of the mandrel over ninety degrees of its periphery, as is required to freely distribute the oil in such linings, the rib cannot be detached from the Babbitt lining when the lining is cast thereon if the mandrel and rib are in one single piece. To facilitate the removal of such a ribbed mandrel from the cast lining, I form the mandrel with a base or core having superficial detachable segments, to which the ribs are fastened, dividing the mandrel into such segments that each includes only such portion of the ribs as is adapted to withdraw from the cast. lining when completed. To effect this result, the segments are made detachable upon that part of the mandrel .where the ribs are undercut or liable to be locked in the lining when cast; but the core may extend to the surface of the mandrel,where the ribs are not attached thereto in an undercut position. To center the mandrel within the shell which is to be lined, I furnish caps fitted to the flanges of the shell and provided with recesses to hold the mandrel concentric with such shell and form the pouring-hole through one of said caps of tapering form and largest upon its inner end, so that the sprue which chills in such pou ring-h ole maybe readily removed therefrom with the shell and its lining. A detachable hopper is applied to the outer end of such pouring-hole and is hinged or jointed .to move transversely to such hole to shear off the metal at the junction of the hopper and pouring-hole before such metal is chilled or looks the hopper to the sprue. The sprues are chipped or sawed from the linings after the shell is removed from the mold. Where the shell is cylindrical, the caps may be centered exclusively by the shell; but where a half-shell is to be lined I mount the two semicylindrical caps upon a fiat back plate and secure them movably thereto, with means for pressing one or both of the caps toward the end of the shell. In this construction the detachable segments upon the mandrel may be provided with pins fitted to holes in the back plate to retain the segments and core of the mandrel in their requiredposition before the caps are adjusted, such segments being formed to draw from the back plate when the lining is removed and to be separately detached from the lining afterward. By making the core of the mandrel tapering it may beused to expand the lining within the shell and thus compensate for the shrinkage of the lining as the metal cools.

Theinvention will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the appliances for casting the lining in solid shells. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3, the jacket for supporting a plug within the oiling-aperture of the bearing. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of the bearing and jacket upon line 4 4 in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is an end view of the mandrel, with plan of the bottom cap supporting the same. Fig. 6 is a side view of one of the segments detached from the mandrel. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the apparatus for casting the lining in half-shells, partly in section above the middle line m m. Fig. 8 is a front elevation of the same with the upper cap retracted and the whole shell broken away above the middle line. Fig. 9 shows the reverse side of the apparatus with a portion broken from one edge to clear the adjacent 9 figure. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the blank for one of the ribs. Fig. 11 is a section on line 11 11 in Fig. 8, looking toward the top end cap. Fig. 12 is a section on line 12 12 in Fig. 8, looking toward the middle line m m, with the half-shell and one of the mandrel-segments retracted from the back plate. Fig. 13 shows the end of the apparatus, looking at the top of Fig. 7. Fig. 14 is an eleva-.

tion, partly in section, of devices for expanding the lining when cast. Fig. 15 is a sec tion on line 15 15 in Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a side elevation, and Fig. 17 an end elevation, of a block for centering the mold parts, with circles representing the peripheries of the bearing and the cap. Fig. 18 is a vertical section of mold with projecting mandrel-core.

Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, will be first described, relating to the lining of complete slrel ls.

A designates the body of the shell; B, the Babbitt or soft metal lining of the same; 0, the core of the mandrel, and O detachable segments upon the quarters of the same.

D are ribs attached to the segments 0 and adapted to form intersecting spiral channels in opposite sides of the lining, so as to oil the upper and lower sides of the bearing. An oiling-aperture E is shown at the right-hand side of the bearing.

F F are upper and lower caps formed with recess 0 to center the mandrel and recess a to center the bearing, the latter being shown with cylindrical body and cylindrical flanges A at the ends, as is illustrated more clearly in Fig. 8, where the lower end of the bearing is shown in full lines at A and the upper end in dotted lines A Fig. 4 shows the cylindrical body of the bearing in section. upper cap F is formed with a pouring-hole f and a vent-hole f, and a hopper is provided to introduce the fluid metal readily to the hole f by hingin g a bar G upon the top of the cap and forming apertures g and g through the same to correspond with the holes f and f The hole g is flared outwardly to receive the metal readily from a ladle H.

A cover is shown in Fig. l fitted to the body of the bearing and formed of two semicylindrical jackets I and I, one of them having a plug E upon theinner side of the jacket, as shown in Fig. 3, and adapted to project through the oiling-aperture E into contact with the mandrel, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4,- and thus prevent the Babbitt metal from filling the aperture when the lining is cast. The edges of the jackets are formed, respectively, with a bent tongue I) and hinge-loop b, adapted to fit over the same, as shown in Fig. 4. The jacketsare preferably lined with a layer of asbestos-paper 2', which permits the jacket to clamp the bearing elastically and prevents leakage around the plug E. l

The arrangement of the segments 0 upon the mandrel-core C is clearly shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, the segments embracing such part of the surface as is provided with the ribs D and extending from end to end of the mandrel, so that they are embraced by the recesses c in the caps F F and thus held in their proper position during the casting operation.

The apparatus is used as follows: The parts of the mandrel are assembled within the recess c of the lower cap F, and the bearingis then placed with one of its flanges A within the recess a in said cap. The cap F is then F by handle F The placed upon the top of the mandrel and bearingand the cover or jacket carrying the plug E is clamped about the body of the bearing to fill the oiling-aperture E. The bar G is then adjusted to bring the hopper over the cap F is provided with a thumb-screw h, by turning which the cap may be forced upwardly and drawn from the Babbitt-metal studs which are cast in the holes ff and thus connected with the lining B, the inward exl pansion of the holes readily permitting the 3 metal to withdraw from the holes. 1 between the caps F F is shown in Fig.1 l longer thanthe shell A of the hearing, so that l the upper flange A is faced with the Babbitt Imetal, and as the holes f f are over such 1 flange the studs referred to project from the latter. sawed from the end of the lining, or may be The space The studs are subsequently cut or cut off while the metal is soft by rotating cap I (Shown in Fig. 2.) WVith a solid bearing, such as is shown in Fig. 4:, the mandrel can only be removed from the lining by forcing it longitudinally within 1 the Babbitt lining, and the spiral ribs upon the mandrel would necessarily prevent such a displacement, except the ribs were in ade upon the loose segments 0, which permit the core Q to be first forced out of the bearing and the segments to be then drawn inwardly to detach the ribs from the oil-channels in the lining, after which the rib-segments readily drop out of the bearing.

. To facilitate the discharge of the core, it

may be slightly tapered, as is indicated,where it joins the edges of the segments in Figs. 1 and 8.

The means shown for casting the lining in half-shells, such as are used in split bearings, is shownin Figs. 7 to 13, inclusive, and differs from that shown in the preceding figures in the use of a half-mandrel and halfcaps, which are mounted upon a back plate J. The mandrel-core O is attached to the plate J by screws j, and. the edges of the segments' 0 are provided with pins 0, fitted to holes cl in the back plate to hold them in position before the caps are adjusted. Fig. 7 shows both caps adjusted npon i'he ends of the bearing in readiness for casting, the upper half of the figure being partly in section.

The mandrel in this figure shows the opposite ends of two spiral ribs which intersect or cross one another upon the outer side of the mandrel, as indicated in Fig. 8. In this figure the upper half of the bearing is indicated merely in dotted lines A to fully expose the mandrel and ribs to View, and the upper cap is shown retracted from the end of the mandrel, as would be done after the linthe top of the mandrel.

ing is cast to detach the shell from the mandrel. Each cap is held movably to the back plate by gibs K, fitted to slots is in the plate, as shown in Figs. 9 and 11, and is movable to and from the ends of the mandrel by a set screw 72., swiveled in the cap by screws Z. (Shown in Figs. 7 and 11.) The cover for the oiling-aperture E is formed of a bar E to which the stud E is affixed, the bar being pressed toward the outer side of the hearing by a brace M, jointed upon one of the caps by screw m, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, and held detachably upon the other cap, when adjusted, by screw and thumb-nut m. The center of the brace is provided with a setscrew N to press upon the bar E The casting is performed by forcing one cap against the end of the mandrel by screw h, then laying the half-shell over the mandrel in contact with the back plate and crowding it into the recess a in such cap. The other cap is then advanced by its screw h into contact with The bar E is then applied to close the oiling-aperture E and the brace M secured by the thumb-nut m and the set-screw'N tightened upon the bar. The upper cap is provided with the movable bar G to guide the metal into the pouring-hole, and with such bar in position for pouring the metal is poured into the mold until the holes f and f" are filled, when the bar is shifted laterally to cut off the hot metal flush with the top of the cap. As the hopper-opening g in the bar Gis flared outwardly, any metal which cools in the same is readily displaced. The half-shell is removed by reversing the steps already described and prying the shell loose from the back, as shown in Fig. 12, the loose segments of the mandrel (both of them) being carried with the lining of the shell until they are wholly freed from the mandrel, when they fall inwardly, so that the ribs clear the oilchannels D. The holes cl being formed in the back at right angles to its surface and the pins 0 fitted thereto the segments are adapted to withdraw from the back by a motion at right angles to the same, which re leases the segments from the back, so that they may be afterward detached from the shell. A recess e is shown in the face of the back plate J, adjacent to the edges of the shell A, in which a chisel or thin tool may be inserted to pry the shell loose from the plate at the close of the casting operation. The ribs upon the segments 0 when the segments are carried clear of the core 0 are able to fall out of the oil-channels D, so that if the back plate is laid horizontally they fall naturally into their original positions upon the core. One of such segments is shown in Fig. 12 thus readjusted upon the core, and the other segment clinging to the lining of the shell, from which it would be detached and readjusted upon the mandrel by means of the pins 0, and the apparatus is then ready for a repetition of the process.

I have found by experience that the mandrel and its ribs are preferably made of steel and that the ribs are made most cheaply by constructing them separately and attaching them to the exterior of the mandrel. The ribs are so small that they are weakened by forming rivet or screw holes therein, and I therefore form each rib in sections D as shown in Fig. 10, with integral pins (1 formed thereon at regular intervals, which when the rib is bent to a suitable shape are driven into holes drilled in the exterior of the mandrel and thus hold the ribs firmly in place.

In Fig. 8 the crossing of the ribs D is shown upon the edge of the core which is extended to the surface of the mandrel and therefore in contact with the lining, and the remainder of the ribs are shown upon the segments 0. Such portion of the ribs may be formed integral with the core where the movement of the shell is at right angles to the surface of the mandrel at such point, as is the case with the half shell and the mandrel shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 1 represents a mandrel having two sets of intersecting ribs upon opposite sides, and the ribs are shown wholly upon the detachable segments.

By making the core of the mandrel tapering,

as shown in Fig. 14, it may be used to expand the lining within the shell and thus compensate for the shrinkage of the lining as the lining-metal cools, and serve to consolidate the metal in close contact with the wall of the shell, so as to wholly prevent any jarring or vibration of the lining when the bearing is subsequently put into use. Such construction involves a tapering core considerably longer than the superficial segments, so as to be forced gradually through the same. The segments in this case would in close or embrace the whole exterior of the core, as shown in Fig. 15, and the shell when removed from the mold would, if not of sufficient strength to endure the operation of expanding the lining, be reinforced by clamps 1 provided with lugs I and held upon the body of the shell by bolts I or other suitable means. The bearing and the lower ends of the segments would then be supported upon a tubular standard P, resting upon asupporting surface or table P, and the core 0 would be forced longitudinally through the segments of the mandrel by a mallet, screw-pressure, or other suitable means. With the core thus constructed one or both of the caps F F would be perforated at the center, as shown at O in Fig. 18, to let the core project through such cap or caps during the casting operation, the caps being removed, when the lining was cast, to apply the clamps I to sustain the shell during the expanding operation. The reinforcing-clamp I may be used to support a solid shell during the expansion of the lining or to sustain two half-shells in a similar manner. In such case the half-shells would be separately lined and when removed from the half-mandrel shown in Fig. 7 would be fitted about the mandrel shown in Fig. 14 to be expanded.

The apparatus shown may be used for casting a lining in bearings of difierent lengths by employing a mandrel of length suited to the bearing and caps, the jacket with the construction shown in Fig. 1 being made short enough to fit between the flanges A of the shortest shell and the brace M being slotted at the fulcrum-pin m to suit the various positions of the caps.

The caps are shown with recesses a and c fitted to mandrels and bearings of a certain diameter, but they may be bushed when required to center mandrels and bearings of smaller diameter. The recesses in the caps serve to hold the segments detachably upon the core in the center of the shell during the casting operation and release them automatically from the core when the caps are re tracted to remove the shell from the mold, thus permitting the segments to follow the Babbitt-metal lining and to move laterally within the same to clear the ribs from the oilchanuels.

It is common in casting tubular ingots to center a mandrel with the mold by means of caps; but I am not aware that a recess in the center of a cap has ever been used to hold the segments and core of a mandrel in the desired relation during the casting operation.

The shell may be centered with the caps by a bearing-surface applied to the exterior of the shell, and such means is shown in Figs. 16 and 17 for centering the caps upon a solid shell in a horizontal position, the shell A, caps F F, and mandrel 0 being indicated in these figures in dotted lines only. The means consists of a block Q, having a central seat R to support the body of the shell and two end seats S to support the caps F F. The seats R and S are concentric with the center of the shell, but embrace, respectively, only a portion-say one-third of the shell or cap.

With the shell A in a horizontal position the mold requires no pouring-gate, as the fluid metal is readily poured through the oiling-aperture E or an aperture formed in the side of the shell for such purpose, the aperture being disposed at the top of the shell to facilitate the introduction of the fluid metal. I have used such device successfully, but find it preferable to hold the shell vertically, as shown in Fig. 1, when casting the lining. The back plate J for the half-mandrel which is shown in Figs. 7 to 9, inclusive, is laid horizontally when assembling the parts formolding, but is then set vertically, as represented in Fig. 7, to pour the metal in the hopper g-.

My invention is obviously adapted for lining the shells of journal-bearings with any metal that is suitable to use in such a mold.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what I claim herein is-- bearings, the combination, with the shell, of a mandrel, caps fitted to the ends of the shell and provided with recesses to center the opposite ends of the mandrel within the shell, one of said caps having a pouring-hole with vent-hole adjacent thereto, and the bar G hinged upon the cap and formed with the hopper g and vent-hole g, and movable transversely to the pouring-hole, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a mold for babbitting the shells of journal-bearings, the combination, with the shell, of caps fitted to the ends of the shell and recessed to center the opposite ends of a mandrel, and a mandrel having ribs formed with integral pins (1 inserted in the exterior of the mandrel to hold the ribs thereon, sub- I stantially as herein set forth. I

3. In a mold for lining half-shells of jour- ,nalbearings, the combination, with a back 1 plate, of half-caps secured movably upon the iplate near opposite ends of the same, the iscrews 7?. upon the plate to adjust the said caps, and a half-mandrel fitted to the plate concentric with the half-caps, substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, the combination, with a flat back plate, of half-caps fitted at the ends of such plate to center the half-shell, and a with lateral segments secured in position by the pins 0 fitted to holes d in the plate, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, the combination, with a fiat back plate, of half-caps secured movably to the plate at opposite ends, with means for moving them toward one another to center the shell, a mandrel having a core attached to the plate with lateral segments secured in position by the pins 0 fitted to holes d in the plate, and one of the caps having the pourin g-hole f and vent-hole f, and provided with the bar G pivoted upon the cap, and having the hopper g and vent-hole g, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. I11 a mold for lining half-shells of journal-bearings, having each the oiling-aperture E, the combination, with a back plate, of half-caps secured movably upon the plate near opposite ends of the same, a half-mandrel fitted to the plate, the bar F. having stud E fitted to aperture E, and the brace M hinged to one of the caps and secured detachably to the other cap, and provided with the setscrew N to press upon the bar E as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a mold for babbitting shells of journal-bearings, the combination, with the shell, of caps provided with annular flanges to engage the opposite ends of the shell and recessed to lit the opposite ends of a mandrel, and the mandrel made of suitable length to 7 hold one of the caps away from the end of mandrel having a core attached to the plate 1. In a mold for lining shells for journalthe shell to cast a collar upon the end of the Babbitt lining, substantially as herein set forth.

8. In a mold for babbitting shells of journal-bearings, the combination, with a mandrel having superficial segments and a taperin g core of greater length than such segments, of caps provided with annular flanges to engage the opposite ends of the shell, and formed with apertures to fit the opposite ends of the mandrel and perforations to permit the projection of the core, the Whole being adapted to cast the lining in the shell with the core projecting through the ends of the mandrel, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES F. UEBELAOKER.

Witnesses:

THOMAS S. CRANE, PATRICK CONNOR.