US592209A - Manufacture of incandescents - Google Patents
Manufacture of incandescents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US592209A US592209A US592209DA US592209A US 592209 A US592209 A US 592209A US 592209D A US592209D A US 592209DA US 592209 A US592209 A US 592209A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glucinum
- framework
- aluminium
- solution
- salts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium(0) Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;hydron;hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].O VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001602 chrysoberyl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21H—INCANDESCENT MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION
- F21H1/00—Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor
Definitions
- my invention consists in a substance iit for such a framework, and which, while artificially produced byl the Aprocess invented by me and hereinafter described and claimed, is chemically identical with the wellknown mineral chrysoberyl, being the aluminate of glucinum and having the composition indicated by the formula Be2O3Al2O3, Where Be indicates beryllium or glucinum.
- Theartificialcompoundproduced by my process possesses the infusibility and unalterability of the chrysoberyl and is readily put into any shape desired, as is hereinafter explained.
- the invention consists in the process by which the compound is produced, and in the third place the invention consists in the incandescent composed of the said framework and the'oxids ofthe incandescent earths thereon or therein.
- a piece of suitable combustible fabric such as cotton or linen, which has been first cleansed by washing in hydrochloric andhydrofluoric acid, is well saturated with the solution and partially dried. Then the fabric is brought into a solution or an atmosphere of ammonium hydrate, whereby the salts of the metals are decomposed with the formation of their hydroxids and corresponding salts of ammonia. It is necessary after this stage of the process, especially if a solution of ammonium hydrate has been used,vto partially dry the fabric again, and then wash out the salt or salts of ammonia with distilled water, in order to prevent injurious reactions on the frame- Work.
- the fabric is again partially dried and now can be shaped and formed into mantles.
- the mantle having been formed is burned out over a gas flame in the usual manner, or in a furnace, leaving the oXids of the minerals in the form of the mantle with some small portion of unconsumed carbon.
- the oxids of the minerals are now in the proportion in which a chemical compound, consisting of glucinum alu m-inate, is formed.
- These frameworks or skeletons can be dipped, when desired, in suitable solutions of the nitrates or chlorids of zirconia, thoria, or other known incandescent earths, either singly or in combination, or may be dipped in emulsions of the hydroxids of the said earths, producing the desired incandescing mantles.
- the mantle should be dipped in a solution of ammonium hydrate and reignited, in order to decompose the salts, with the formation of their hydroxids and corresponding salts of ammonia. It is not, however, necessary, after this step of the process, to wash out the salts of ammonia, although-I prefer to do so.
- a framework for incandescents consisting of aluminium and glucinum Iorrids combined in the proportions of one molecule or atom of aluminium oxid and one molecule or atom of glucinum oxid, substantially as described.
- An incandescent consisting of a framework which is composed of aluminium and glucinum oxids in the proportions of one molecule or atom of aluminium oxid and one molecule or atom of glucinum oxid, and oXid of the incandescing earths deposited thereon, substantially as described.
- incandescen'ts consisting in forming a solution containing aluminium and glucinum in the proportions of one molecule or atom of each, then saturating a combustible fabric in said solution and burning out, whereby a framework of the oxids of said minerals is produced in the proportions existing in glucinum aluminate, and then depositing oXids of the incandescent earths on said framework, substantially as described;
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.
CHARLES G. RICHARDSON, OF NEW BRIGHTON, NEI/V YORK.
l MANUFACTURE oF |NCANDESGENTS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 592,209, dated October 19, 1897.
Application filed March 10, 1897.
To all whom it may concerm.
Be it known that I, CHARLES G. RICHARD- SON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of the town of New tical results it is essential that the said framework should be free from silica, the presence of which in the incandescent deteriorates the light.
In the first place my invention consists in a substance iit for such a framework, and which, while artificially produced byl the Aprocess invented by me and hereinafter described and claimed, is chemically identical with the wellknown mineral chrysoberyl, being the aluminate of glucinum and having the composition indicated by the formula Be2O3Al2O3, Where Be indicates beryllium or glucinum. Theartificialcompoundproduced by my process possesses the infusibility and unalterability of the chrysoberyl and is readily put into any shape desired, as is hereinafter explained.
In the second place the invention consists in the process by which the compound is produced, and in the third place the invention consists in the incandescent composed of the said framework and the'oxids ofthe incandescent earths thereon or therein.
In working my invention I prefer to proceed in the following manner: I first form a solution which contains aluminium nitrate, aluminium chlorid, or other suitable salts of aluminium, and gluoinum nitrate, glucinum chlorid, or other suitable salts of glucinum in such proportions that the solution shall contain one atom or molecule of aluminium to one atom or molecule of glucinum. I also prefer to use solutions which contain from Serial No. 626,844. (No model.)
twenty to fortyrper cent. of the combined salts. Having prepared the solution, a piece of suitable combustible fabric, such as cotton or linen, which has been first cleansed by washing in hydrochloric andhydrofluoric acid, is well saturated with the solution and partially dried. Then the fabric is brought into a solution or an atmosphere of ammonium hydrate, whereby the salts of the metals are decomposed with the formation of their hydroxids and corresponding salts of ammonia. It is necessary after this stage of the process, especially if a solution of ammonium hydrate has been used,vto partially dry the fabric again, and then wash out the salt or salts of ammonia with distilled water, in order to prevent injurious reactions on the frame- Work. The fabric is again partially dried and now can be shaped and formed into mantles. The mantle having been formed is burned out over a gas flame in the usual manner, or in a furnace, leaving the oXids of the minerals in the form of the mantle with some small portion of unconsumed carbon. The oxids of the minerals are now in the proportion in which a chemical compound, consisting of glucinum alu m-inate, is formed. These frameworks or skeletons can be dipped, when desired, in suitable solutions of the nitrates or chlorids of zirconia, thoria, or other known incandescent earths, either singly or in combination, or may be dipped in emulsions of the hydroxids of the said earths, producing the desired incandescing mantles. When solutions of the salts of the incandescent earths are used, the mantle should be dipped in a solution of ammonium hydrate and reignited, in order to decompose the salts, with the formation of their hydroxids and corresponding salts of ammonia. It is not, however, necessary, after this step of the process, to wash out the salts of ammonia, although-I prefer to do so.
I do not intend to claim generally the process of manufacturing mantles by dipping combustible fabrics in solutions of the earths and then burning out, nor the formation of porcelanous framework, or those containing silica, and then depositing the incandescing earths on such frameworks; but
I do claim as my invention, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, the following:
IOO
l. A framework for incandescents, consisting of aluminium and glucinum Iorrids combined in the proportions of one molecule or atom of aluminium oxid and one molecule or atom of glucinum oxid, substantially as described.
2. An incandescent consisting of a framework which is composed of aluminium and glucinum oxids in the proportions of one molecule or atom of aluminium oxid and one molecule or atom of glucinum oxid, and oXid of the incandescing earths deposited thereon, substantially as described.
3. The process of producing a framework for incandescents, consisting in first forming a solution containing aluminium and glucinum in the proportion of one molecule or'atom of each, then saturating a combustible fabric with said solution and burning out, whereby a framework of the oxids of said minerals is produced in tbe proportions existing in glucinum aluminate, substantially as described.
i. The process of manufacturing incandescen'ts, consisting in forming a solution containing aluminium and glucinum in the proportions of one molecule or atom of each, then saturating a combustible fabric in said solution and burning out, whereby a framework of the oxids of said minerals is produced in the proportions existing in glucinum aluminate, and then depositing oXids of the incandescent earths on said framework, substantially as described;
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my inventionl have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 18th day of February, 1807.
CHARLES G. RICIIARDSON.
Witnesses:
IIEUNTOR MCKENNEY, ABM. VAN SANTvoonD.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US592209A true US592209A (en) | 1897-10-19 |
Family
ID=2660864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US592209D Expired - Lifetime US592209A (en) | Manufacture of incandescents |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US592209A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102379143A (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-03-14 | 高通股份有限公司 | Conveying synchronization stratum information |
-
0
- US US592209D patent/US592209A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102379143A (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-03-14 | 高通股份有限公司 | Conveying synchronization stratum information |
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