US575263A - Gas-incandescent - Google Patents
Gas-incandescent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US575263A US575263A US575263DA US575263A US 575263 A US575263 A US 575263A US 575263D A US575263D A US 575263DA US 575263 A US575263 A US 575263A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per cent
- incandescent
- oxids
- indium
- gallium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium Chemical compound [Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium(IV) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LKRFCKCBYVZXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxyindiganyl nitrate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O LKRFCKCBYVZXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052846 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 at one hand Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VGBPIHVLVSGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium(4+);tetranitrate Chemical compound [Th+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VGBPIHVLVSGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21H—INCANDESCENT MANTLES; OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION
- F21H1/00—Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor
- F21H1/02—Incandescent mantles; Selection of imbibition liquids therefor characterised by the material thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improvement in manufacture of gas-incandescents, the object being to provide a novel composition of matter out of which to constitute the incandescing filament; and it consists, essentially, in the combination of materials substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
- incandescent light by which I refer to the phenomena produced by the characteristic property of certain mixtures of oxids to change the rays of heat into rays of light, I have found that the oxids exhibiting such phenomena may be divided primarily into kinds which, for the purpose of convenience, I designate as carriers and as developers.
- Carriers are oxids of a high m elting-point and mostly stable. Developers are always variable oxids, according to the degree of the volatility of the oxids employed, and the duration of the appearance of the incandescent light is a longer or a shorter one.
- the incandescent light is formed by'the continuous oxidation and reduction in the edge of the flame when the oxids of any element havingseveral stages of oxidation, such as chrome, manganese, cerium, indium, or gallium,are brought into the flame.
- This quicklychanging or alternate process produces a conversion of the rays of heat into rays of light.
- bodies are employed that are constant in the glowing heat, such as thorium, aluminium, &c., 50 which bodies I call carriers, because they dium and gallium possess the peculiarity that they may be employed in both forms.
- Aluminium nitrate fifty per cent; indium nitrate, 0.12 per cent. zircon nitrate, 0.05 per cent. 5 water, 49.83 per cent.
- I will therefore Second. Thorium nitrate, twenty per cent. gallium nitrate, 0.15 per cent; calcium nitrate, 0.05 per cent. Water, 79.80 per cent.
- Manganese may be substituted for the chrome, if desired.
- An incandescent burner composed of a mixture of the oXids of indium and chrome.
- An incandescent composed of a mixture of the oXids of indium and chromium, in proportions substantially as set forth.
Description
ROBERT MOSCHELES, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO LOUIS H.
OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
l-IALL,
GAS-INCANDESCENT.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 575,263, dated January 12, 1897.
Original application filed July 3, 1896, Serial No. 598,002. Divided and this application filed November 17, 1896. Serial No. 612,498 (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that 1, ROBERT MOSCHELES, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, have in- 5 vented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Incandescents; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap- IO pertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to an improvement in manufacture of gas-incandescents, the object being to provide a novel composition of matter out of which to constitute the incandescing filament; and it consists, essentially, in the combination of materials substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
In my studies and investigations with relation to the so-called incandescent light, by which I refer to the phenomena produced by the characteristic property of certain mixtures of oxids to change the rays of heat into rays of light, I have found that the oxids exhibiting such phenomena may be divided primarily into kinds which, for the purpose of convenience, I designate as carriers and as developers. Carriers are oxids of a high m elting-point and mostly stable. Developers are always variable oxids, according to the degree of the volatility of the oxids employed, and the duration of the appearance of the incandescent light is a longer or a shorter one. The incandescent light is formed by'the continuous oxidation and reduction in the edge of the flame when the oxids of any element havingseveral stages of oxidation, such as chrome, manganese, cerium, indium, or gallium,are brought into the flame. This quicklychanging or alternate process produces a conversion of the rays of heat into rays of light. To make practical use of this physical phenomenon in the form of incandescent light, it is necessary to apply the oxid of one of the enumerated bodies, this being the developer 45 of light in finest division, in the edge of the flame not emittinglight,and wherein it should be held in astable position. To this end bodies are employed that are constant in the glowing heat, such as thorium, aluminium, &c., 50 which bodies I call carriers, because they dium and gallium possess the peculiarity that they may be employed in both forms.
It is unnecessary here to enter into any lengthy or detailed explanation with reference to the known combinations and developers, such as thorium and cerium oxid, aluminium and chrome oxid, &c. proceed to describe the observations made by me to the effect that the oxids of gallium and indium are exceedingly appropriate to serve as carriers as well as developers in producing a constant incandescent light of great intensity and long duration.
I have found that, for instance, thorium, aluminium, or zircon oxid, with small additions, up to about three per cent. or four per cent. of gallium or indium, at one hand, and indium or gallium oxid, with small admixtures of about three per cent. to four per cent. of chrome, manganese, or any other valuable oxid, on the other hand, show in exquisite manner the incandescent light. This characteristic property permits of the manufacture of incandescent-light bodies containing indium. or gallium oxid made by the process or method of first providing a combustible fabric and then impregnating it with salt solutions of about ten per cent. to fifteen per cent. incandescent residue of the mentioned combinations in the quoted proportions of quantity, and after drying in the ordinary manner for the production of the skeleton of ashes of the oxids that is, the solution of the impregnation must be such that the residue resulting from the solution will after burning be from-ten per cent. to fifteen per cent. By the application of heat to the impregnated combustible fabric the said fabric is burned out and the skeleton structure, composed of the infusible earthy oxids, is left as a residue, capable of readily incandescing when heat is applied.
I submit the following examples of compounds for incandescing filaments containing indium or gallium:
First. Aluminium nitrate, fifty per cent; indium nitrate, 0.12 per cent. zircon nitrate, 0.05 per cent. 5 water, 49.83 per cent.
substances enumerated for the purposes of serve as carriers for the light-developers. In-
I will therefore Second. Thorium nitrate, twenty per cent. gallium nitrate, 0.15 per cent; calcium nitrate, 0.05 per cent. Water, 79.80 per cent.
Third. Indium nitrate, thirty per cent; chrome nitrate, .40 per cent. barium nitrate, 0.05 per cent; Water, (39.55 per cent.
Manganese may be substituted for the chrome, if desired.
WVhile I have described the use of gallium in various combinations with the salts of refractory earths, Ihave not claimed the same herein, as such subject-matter is described and claimed in my application, Serial No. 598,002, filed July 3, 1896, of which the present application is a division.
Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. An incandescent burner composed of a mixture of the oXids of indium and chrome. 2. An incandescent composed of a mixture of the oXids of indium and chromium, in proportions substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
ROBERT MOSCIIELES.
lVitnesses:
CHARLES 11. DAY, HENRY HARPER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US575263A true US575263A (en) | 1897-01-12 |
Family
ID=2643955
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US575263D Expired - Lifetime US575263A (en) | Gas-incandescent |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US575263A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5686368A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1997-11-11 | Quantum Group, Inc. | Fibrous metal oxide textiles for spectral emitters |
-
0
- US US575263D patent/US575263A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5686368A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1997-11-11 | Quantum Group, Inc. | Fibrous metal oxide textiles for spectral emitters |
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