US5909683A - Relational data base control system using object oriented access logic to limit the data base access count, and corresponding method - Google Patents

Relational data base control system using object oriented access logic to limit the data base access count, and corresponding method Download PDF

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US5909683A
US5909683A US08/640,915 US64091596A US5909683A US 5909683 A US5909683 A US 5909683A US 64091596 A US64091596 A US 64091596A US 5909683 A US5909683 A US 5909683A
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storage unit
data base
objects
record
data
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Jean-Charles Miginiac
Michel Planard
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
    • G06F16/289—Object oriented databases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941—Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99944—Object-oriented database structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99951—File or database maintenance
    • Y10S707/99952—Coherency, e.g. same view to multiple users
    • Y10S707/99953—Recoverability

Definitions

  • This invention concerns the design, development and use of computer systems. More precisely, the invention concerns control, in other words particularly retrieval and updating of relational data bases.
  • One of the main objectives of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages of prior techniques.
  • a first objective of the invention is to provide a relational data base control system capable of limiting the number of accesses to this data base.
  • the purpose of the invention is to provide a system that requires far fewer accesses to the data base for a given application than are necessary with known systems.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a system for which it is completely unnecessary to have any knowledge about the structure of the data base and relations defined between data.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a system capable of easily managing data in time, and particularly authorizing retrievals at simulated past or future dates, and retroactive modifications. Furthermore, a complementary objective of the invention is to allow interaction of this type of retroactive modification on all data.
  • a relational data base control system that limits the number of accesses to the said data base, the said data base being stored in a first storage unit controlled according to a first relational access logic and including at least one series of records, each of the said records including at least one data field, a system in which each of the said records is associated with an object including at least one variable and at least one method of affecting the value of at least one of the said variables, and wherein data retrievals and/or modifications are made only on the said objects, based on a second object oriented access logic, the said system comprising:
  • a control unit including:
  • control of the data base is very much simplified. There is no need to know the structure of the base, or the access commands to this data base.
  • the user only manipulates objects, using an approach usually referred to as "object oriented.”
  • object oriented The system according to the invention itself automatically and transparently transfers and transcodes objects and the corresponding records.
  • objects and records are stored completely separately. Objects are stored in the second temporary storage unit, and records are stored in the first data base storage unit. The user can only access the second storage unit containing objects.
  • the system comprises a data transfer unit transferring data between the first and second storage units, which rebuilds objects making use of records stored in the data base and the structure of the corresponding object class, and then stores these rebuilt objects in the temporary storage unit. Conversely, the transfer unit transcodes modified objects in records to be stored in the first storage unit.
  • system in the invention can manage work sequences, called events, and the said automatic command generator unit sending a data transfer command to transfer from the second storage unit to the first storage unit only when an event is terminated.
  • events work sequences
  • said automatic command generator unit sending a data transfer command to transfer from the second storage unit to the first storage unit only when an event is terminated.
  • control unit includes a lock management unit preventing a record in the said data base from being modified when an object associated with the said record is stored in the second storage unit and was modified by the said retrieval and modification unit.
  • the said system includes a history management unit for at least some of the said objects, associating at least one variable of the said objects with at least two distinct values, each of the said values being associated with at least one technical field bearing a date representing the validity of the said value.
  • a retrieval can fictitiously be made at any instant in time (in the past or in the future). Furthermore, modifications can be made retroactively and can occur at a chosen instant in the past.
  • the said automatic command generator unit includes a cache memory storing a series of commands that were generated in advance. In this way, creating commands is made easier.
  • the invention also concerns a relational data base control process corresponding to the system described above.
  • this process includes a step for loading at least one object in the second temporary storage unit, including the following steps:
  • the save is done symmetrically in the first storage unit.
  • At least some of the said objects comprise;
  • At least one deductive variable the value of which is determined when the said first transcoding step, starting from the value of at least one data field in the record associated with the said object and/or the class structure of the object.
  • a search for at least one object satisfying a pre-determined condition is carried out in two steps;
  • a second step consisting of a search among records stored in the said first storage unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the general structure of the system in the invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the links between an object class and a table in the data base in the system in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 presents the process according to the invention, in the form of a simplified flowchart
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the principle of chronological management of objects in the invention.
  • the invention concerns a relational data base control system making use of an object oriented concept.
  • the system according to the invention automatically and transparently sets up a bridge between relational data bases and the objects universe.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the system according to the invention.
  • the essential characteristic of the system according to the invention is that it allows control of a conventional relational data base 11 (for example in the ORACLE format (registered trademark)), without the user having direct access to the data base.
  • a conventional relational data base 11 for example in the ORACLE format (registered trademark)
  • the user only manipulates (in other words retrieves and/or modifies) objects that are stored in temporary storage unit 15, making use of control unit 14.
  • system according to the invention manages two quite distinct methods of representation and storage:
  • mode I based on representation by objects, that is the only mode accessible to the user
  • transcoding unit 16 which makes a data base record 11 starting from an object 18 stored in temporary storage unit 15, and vice versa.
  • This transcoding 16 is not a simple systematic adaptation of the format. On the other hand, it takes account of the class of this object for each object in the structure 19.
  • Object classes 110 defined by the control unit 15 are stored in object class storage unit 111.
  • transcoding unit 16 operate under the constraint of the object classes definition 19.
  • Control unit 14 uses an object knowledge representation based on a "Class-Instance” model; a class consists of a list of attributes, behaviors (methods) and structures (variables). In particular, this representation groups the following functions:
  • Encapsulation this characteristic associates a behavior with a structure, and also defines attributes as being public or private;
  • Control unit 14 includes a data base control subassembly 113, which automatically manages the data base 11. More precisely, subassembly 113 carries out the following operations:
  • Lock management to prevent access to records associated with an object stored in temporary memory 15 and which has been modified.
  • control subassembly 113 manages a command memory 115 which keeps the most recent commands generated by subassembly 113.
  • subassembly 113 automatically sends a locking command preventing the corresponding record from being modified in the data base 11.
  • a second user can retrieve this object but cannot modify it.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the construction of an object class, and its links with the data base table associated with it.
  • An object class 21 may include the following attributes:
  • Methods 22 1 to 22 N which define a message which may be sent to the object
  • Deductive variables 24 1 to 24 L containing calculated values not stored systematically starting from stored variables and/or external values (for example processing date).
  • a large number of instances 25 1 to 25 i or objects may be created from this class.
  • a database table 26, in which a record 27 1 to 27 i is associated with each object 25 1 to 25 i is associated with each class, or possibly group of classes, particularly when these classes were created using the inheritance mechanism starting from a father class.
  • the transcoding unit needs to carry out a large number of operations, since when it receives a record 17 it must perform the following operations to create the corresponding object 18:
  • this process includes a class definition step 31.
  • This step 31 is usually reserved for application developers, unlike steps 32 to 34 which are described later and which are accessible to all system users.
  • a class definition 31 includes the developer's definition of the class structure (methods and variables). This definition may be made starting from a mother class using the inheritance mechanism. When the class is defined, the corresponding record in the data base is created automatically, and the class structure is stored (35) in the system memory.
  • An event is processing that represents an entry point into an application and usually consists of triggering messages on objects. It may be defined in retrieval, simulation or modification mode, which defines data modification (and save in base) possibilities during the event.
  • an event 32 may include the following operations:
  • Chronology modification 322 in order to place the event at any time in the past, present or future. This technique is described in more detail later, with reference to FIG. 4;
  • Retrieval and modification 323 of objects stored in the temporary storage unit This step consists of sending messages (corresponding to methods) to objects.
  • Each message sent to an object can cause propagation of messages to related objects, in addition to its explicit effect. It can thus initiate reflexes (or actions) associated with the event. Propagation phenomena are centralized on classes, and they are activated completely transparently.
  • Step 323 automatically and transparently sets up a lock management mechanism in the data base.
  • the system is capable of managing processing by batches, all that is necessary is to very simply state the nature of the event. It can then manage memory as a function of this criterion. Interactive events or batch events are different only in triggering, and can activate the same messages. This structure thus guarantees operational consistency between real time events and batch processing.
  • the system controls the terminal step of transactions (cancel, save or confirm). Saving the transaction makes it possible to postpone its validation until later. Finally, a trace of executed events can be kept.
  • the chronology modification step 322 makes projections into the past (transparent use of the history) and into the future (simulations or assumptions) quite naturally, and facilitates production operations in the present.
  • the system directly manages objects in time. It can thus find the situation of any object at any date in the past or in the future, by means of simulations. Since time management is integrated transparently, any application will allow the user to position himself in the past or in the future, without it being necessary for him to code anything other than the rules of how values change, when they are unknown.
  • the designer has everything he needs to limit the number of history states that he keeps.
  • an object has a start and end which correspond to two points in time; therefore, there are two date-type start and end fields for each object, but these fields are not necessarily defined.
  • the object may be in different states between its start and its end; the values of its fields may change with time.
  • Each state is characterized by the values of fields; if the value of a field is modified on an object, it will change to another state.
  • the system can store the various states of an object. Histories of objects can be managed.
  • a state like an object, is characterized by start and end dates.
  • the effective date is the date on which the system takes the information into account.
  • Objects are created, modified or deleted during an event, which must be associated with a knowledge date and an effective date.
  • dates are defined as above;
  • the information retrieved is the information as it is known as a function of the knowledge date, and such that it is effective at the read effective date.
  • the distinction between the effective date and the knowledge date can be used to manage retroactive effects (write with effective date prior to the knowledge date).
  • a state is characterized by start and end dates. Therefore each object includes the following technical fields:
  • KDN knowledge start date for the state
  • KDX knowledge end date for the state.
  • the read effective date must also be between the object start and end dates.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of management with history for an object in the "person" class. Miss Mathilde DURAND has been known since Feb. 1, 1990. She informs the data base manager that she will be married to Mr. DUPOND on Jun. 15, 1990. On Jun. 5, 1992, she informs it that she was divorced on Apr. 25, 1992.
  • the object contains three states:
  • transcoding unit 16 An object stored in temporary memory is usually saved 33 at the end of an event. It consists of three steps, carried out automatically by transcoding unit 16:
  • An object is symmetrically loaded 34 in temporary memory 16. Therefore, it includes the following steps:
  • Transcode 342 the record to the object, as a function of the class structure 36 of the object;
  • An object may be loaded 34 at any time during an event. More precisely, the data base control subassembly 113 generates a change request whenever necessary, in other words when the user sends a query 12 concerning an object which is not yet in the temporary storage unit 15.
  • control unit transparently manages a list of objects in temporary storage unit 15.
  • an object search using a specific criterion is made in two steps. Firstly, the search takes place among objects stored in the temporary storage unit 15. Then, and only if the search fails, it continues in the data base 11 under the control of subassembly 113.

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  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
US08/640,915 1993-11-05 1994-11-03 Relational data base control system using object oriented access logic to limit the data base access count, and corresponding method Expired - Lifetime US5909683A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR93/13488 1993-11-05
FR9313488A FR2712101B1 (fr) 1993-11-05 1993-11-05 Système de contrôle d'une base de données relationnelle selon une logique d'accès orientée objet limitant le nombre des accès à la base de données, et procédé correspondant.
PCT/FR1994/001274 WO1995012855A1 (fr) 1993-11-05 1994-11-03 Systeme de controle d'une base de donnees relationnelle selon une logique d'acces orientee objet limitant le nombre des acces a ladite base de donnees, et procede correspondant

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EP (1) EP0727071B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3859171B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE162899T1 (de)
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ES (1) ES2121329T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2712101B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1995012855A1 (de)

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DE69408337D1 (de) 1998-03-05
EP0727071A1 (de) 1996-08-21
JP3859171B2 (ja) 2006-12-20
WO1995012855A1 (fr) 1995-05-11
DK0727071T3 (da) 1998-09-21
JPH09509767A (ja) 1997-09-30
FR2712101A1 (fr) 1995-05-12
ES2121329T3 (es) 1998-11-16
EP0727071B1 (de) 1998-01-28
ATE162899T1 (de) 1998-02-15
DE69408337T2 (de) 1998-11-12
FR2712101B1 (fr) 1996-01-05

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