US590271A - mauser - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet l. P. MAH-SER. SMALL LOCK FOR BOLT GUNS.

No. 590,271. @Named Sept. 21,189?.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' P.MAUSER- SMALL LOCK FOR BOLT GUNS.

Patented Sept. 21,1897, I

, NSV Q l/V TNSSJISS.-

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. MAUSER. SMALL LOCK FOR 'BOLT GUNS.

Patente Sept. 2l

.L t e e h S e e h S 4 R E S .U A M PM m. d 0 M 0 m SMALL LOOK POR BOLT GUNS.

No. 590,271. Patented sept. 21,1897.

UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL MAUSER, OF OBERNDORF, GERMANY..

s-MALLgL'ocK Fon BOLT-GUNS.

"SPEGIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent N0.`590,271, dated September 21, 1897.

Application filed December 2 1895. Serial No. 570,770. (No model.) Patented in Belgium November 9', 1895, No. 118,487; in France November 11, 1895, No. 251,598; inlinglend November 13 l 1895, No. 21,547; in Norway November 21. 1'895`,No. 45649; ill Switzerland December 9|`18951N07 11,332? il! Italy December 31 1895, No.40,133/425| in A'ustriaebruary 5, 1896, No. LL6/437, and in Spain March 7, 1896, No. 18,284. l

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PAUL MAUSER, a subject of the King of Wrtemberg, residing in Oberndorf upon the Neckar, in the Kingdom of Wrtemberg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Small Locks for Breech-Loading Bolt-G uns,of which `the following'is a specification.

This invention was patented in Spain, No. 18,284, dated March '7, 1896; in Belgium, No.

- 118,487, dated November 9, 1895; in Austria,

No. 437/46, dated February 5, 1896; in Italy, No. 40,133/425, dated December 31, 1895; in Switzerland, No. 11,332, dated December 9, 1895; in Norway, No. 4,649, dated November 21, 1895; in England, No. 21,547, dated No'- vember 13, 1895, and in France, No. 251,598, dated November 11, 1895. y

This invention relates to breech-loading bolt-guns, and aims t-o provide improvements in the small locks for coupling the firing-pin to the bolt of such guns, improvements in safety-locks for such guns, and an improved catch acting to prevent accidental loosening or uncoupling of the small lock and bolt.

To this end in carrying out the invention I provide certain features of improvement which will be hereinafter full7 set forth.

The preferred form of my invention as applied to one construction of bolt-gun is shown.

in the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 vis a fragmentary elevation ofthe left-hand side of the breech parts of a breechloading bolt-gun; -and Fig. 2 is a vertical 1ongitudinal section thereof, the bolt being shown in the receiver and in the locked position, the firing-pin cocked, and the safety device in its middle or second position, locking the tiringpin against forward movement. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary top plan view of the bolt and the parts coupled thereto, the firing-pin being in the forward or fired position and the safetylock being in its first or neutral' position, being the position in which the firing-pin is-free to move past the safety-lock. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary horizontal axial section thereof cut on the line 1-1 in Fig. 7, showing the bolt in the locked position, the firing-pin in the fired position, and tho catching device in its normal or first position or that .in which it bears against the end of the bolt, permitting rotation thereof to the unlocked position and ready upon the turning of the bolt to the unlocked position to snap forward and lock the bolt'an'd 3to 6 in the positions described with reference to these figures' and showing'the cam op the` safety-lock. Fig. 8 is an under side plan'of the parts shown in Figs. -3 to 7. in the positions described with reference to these figures.

Fig. v9 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the rearend of the bolt and its handle, and Fig. 9 is a fragmentaryrear end elevation l thereof. Fig. 10 is an under side plan of the small lock alone. Fig. 11 is a top plan thereof. Fig. 12 is a front end elevation thereof, and Fig. 13 is a rear end elevation thereof. Fig. 14 is a side elevation of thepin-nut alone; and Fig. 14 is a top plan thereof, showing its cooking-nose d; and Fig. 15 is a front ,end

elevation; and Fig. 15, a side elevation, looking from the right of the catch-pin H and its spring h.. V

Referring tothe drawings,let A indicate the recei\'er,'which,'as usual, has a substantially tubularlongitudinal socket; B, the bolt,which oscillates and reciprocates in the socket;

. B', the bolt handleor knob by which the bolt is oscillated and reciprocated and which when turned down to the right places the bolt in the locked position and when turned ninety degrees to the vert-ical releases the bolt,bring ing it to the unlocked position for withdrawal rearwardly; C, the spring-actuated .firingpin within the bolt; D, the pin nut or head at the rear of the pin, coupled thereto to move therewith; d, the cooking-nose thereof; d', the soar nose or notch thereof; a, the groove in the receiver, through which the lat- 'I ter n'ose moves; Gr, the sear,"engaging the latter nose when the pin is cocked; E, the small lock, through which the tiring-pin slides and `which is screwed or otherwise suitably coupled tothe rear end of the bolt B, so that the latter turns on it and suices, as usual, to lock the bolt and firing-pin together and still permit their several movements; F, the safetylock, rotatively carried by the small lock and oscillation of the bolt when' turned to thev middle or vertical position to lock the firingacting when oscillated to the left to permity the free movement of the firing-pin and the bolt against oscillation and hold the 'firing pin in the cocked position; Q, a swiveled sep-l v arable connection between the bolt and small lock,l consisting of a screw-threaded shank g on the latter, screwing into a female screwthreadg in the-bolt, and' I the spring for the firing-pin. v

As thus far described the parts-are. in their general features of known construction and operation, ,and in lieu. of those shown any other suitable or equivalent constructions of l the same generaly character may be employed.

As usual, the rear end of the bolt is provided with an inclined cocking-face b, which in the locked position of the bolt permits the lfull forward movement of the firing-pin and which as thebolt is turned to the unlocked position acts against the beveled end of the nose d f the firing-pin nut to push back the pinto the cocked position. The rear end of the bolt 'VSS gases.

also has the usual safety-lock notch'b', which is disposed at'the top when the bolt is in the locked position and is then opposite the nose of the safety-lock F, which ,nose passes into this notch to lock the bolt againstoscillation. Whenthe bolt is withdrawn from the receiver and the safety-lock is'turned to the.

mid-position and holds" the pin cocked, the smal-1 lock can be unscrewed from the bolt, carrying with it the nut and spring. j

My invention aims to provide. meansfor vcatching or'arresting the small lock when the bolt is drawn rearwardly out of the receiver, so that during such time the smalllock shall not accidentally rotate relatively to the bolt, and to this end I provide an improved catch serving this function. The `invention also aims to provide an improved smoke and gas check, andto this end I provide a guard on the small lock to check rearwardly-escaping My invention also aims to provide an improved guide for the firing-pin and its nut and a dust-guard for the firing-pin groove a, and to this end ,I provide a guiding and closing projectionlon the nut, serving as an -additional guide therefor and closing the groove a.

' The catch for the small lock has for its object to simplify the parts with which it is connected Without increasing` t eir number, to increase the functions of thr safety-lock- 4firing-pin and its pin ing arrangements for facilitating the securing and releasing of such parts, to prevent accidental loosening or oscillation of the small lock when in its middle or retracted position while the gun is unlocked, to facilitate'dismounting of the parts, to insure correct remounting thereof, and to give a noticef able indication, preferably observable vboth .by sound and' feeling, of the arrival of ythe parts at'the vcompletely'f-remounted position.

The last-mentioned object isof great importance, as sometimes it has happened in use that `the small lock was not completely screwed home into the bolt, and when screwed even a single threadless than it should be to- Ward its home position the point of the firingpin could not project far enoughthrough the bolt-head, the result being the producing of a misfit-e, the cause' of which in most instances has been diiiicult to discover or eX- plain. f j

` .My improved catch is lettered H in the drawin s, and in its preferred formconsists of .a su stantially cylindrical pin having a lateral stud h, guided in acylindrical bore e3 in the small lock, pressed forwardly by a spring h', controlled by the projection of its stud into a slot e4 in the small lock and removable by passing this stud through an outlet e5 from this slot. One side ofl the pin H is cut away at hz'to correspond with and permit the passage ofthe end of the bolt during the normal position of the catch, and back of this portion the pin has a cylindrical or projecting portion 3.to engage with the bolt, preferably by snapping into the notch b thereof when the catch is to lock the bolt and small lock non-rotatively together, as will be hereinafter more fully described. y

IOO

My improved gas-guard is lettered e,vand

consists of a lateral dange extending, preferably, over the top and along each side of the small lock at or near the front end thereof and shielding or deiecting any rearwardlyescaping gases against a furtherrearward movement.

My improved dust-guard and pin-guide is lettered (L2, and consists of a rearward extension of the cooking projection d on the firing# pin nut, which extension slides in and substantially closes the groove ain the receiver. v

Some of the advantages resultingfrom the ladoption of my improvements are: First, the

cooking-surface b, Figs. 8 and 9, at the rear end of the breech-bolt B may be considerably enlarged on account of the removal of the necessity for any second cooking-notch, while at the same time the angle of the cooking-A surface is reduced from about sixty degrees to forty'degrees, which in its turn facilitates the opening. operations ofv the lock; second; the special formA of the front end e of the small lock E enables it to serve as a shield to guard against .the lrearward escape of the` gases of explosion, and, third, through the' rearward extension d2 of the cooking projection don the nut of the firing-pin said nut IIO is not only more securely f'guided but the introduction of sand or the like into the guid-l ing-groove a is'prevented.'

The special functions required of the improved catch-H are effected at three different positions of the same, and ofthe thumbpiece or handle of the usual safety 'device F with respectto the gun.

First, firing or initial position: The safetyhandle f ofthe safety-lock F is turned over to the left, the bolt is in its locked position, and the firing-pin uncocked. (See Figs. 3, 5, 6, and 7.) In this position the improved catch H for the small lock, consequent on its position relatively to the breech-bolt, will when the bolt is forward be pressed back'andout of engagement therewith by its nose striking the receiver; but at the moment of unlocking the gun and as the bolt starts to move rearwardly the catch H will be pushed forwardly by its spring h into the notch b', thus locking the bolt and small loc'k together, whereupon it will automatically secure the small lock against accidentally unscrewing to the left orI falling by coupling it with the rear end of the breech-bolt in such a manner as to prevent any alteration in the relative positions of these. two parts until after the catch H has .been pushed back again by reason of its end striking the rear wall a', Fig. 1, of the receiver, barrel, or other fixed part during the forward movement of the breech-bolt until the latter has again assumed its forward'or closed position in the receiver, when the locking of the small lock relatively to the breechbolt is automatically severed through the release of the catch H, whereupon the bolt can be freely oscillated or locked independently of the small lock, which latter is now held by the receiver from turning. y

Second, safety or middle position: The safety thumb-piece f is turned up through an angle of ninety degrees, so as to stand vertically, and thereby locks the pin cocked. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) This is the position the safety thumb-piece is required to occupy` when it is desired to take the lock of the gun to pieces, iu which case it is necessary first to cock the gun, -whenafter turning the `safety thumb-piece into its required position the latter is caused to engage the nut D 'in such a manner as vvto prevent the forward movement of the latter with thering-pinunder the extension of its spring. When the engagement between the catch H and the breech-bolt, described in respect of the first position, is discontinued, as by pushing back the catch, the small lock may be at once un screwed from the breech-bolt 'and taken to pieces. The lockis remounted in the reverse order; but it will not now .be necessary to exercise care to properly complete making the coupling between the small lock and` the breech-bolt, as withmy vinvention this coupling is automatically terminated at the 'end of the screwing movement'bya `projection e? at the'front of the small 1ock-1whichthen comes into contact with the foot Aor base of the operating-handle B' of the bolt, thus preventing any further inward movement of the small lock. It may be mentioned that the completion of the screwing movement, and

consequently the proper position of these parts, may be ascertained not only byv the touch but also at the same time by the ear,

1 as the catch H, which forms the lock-between the small lock and the breech-bolt, snaps with a characteristic sound into the recess b' on the breech-bolt, and thus distinctly indicates that the lock and the bolt have been correctly fitted together. In this position the small lock cannot be screwed either forward or backward, and in order to do so it will be necessary to first break the coupling made by the catch H between the small lock'and the breech-bolt,"so that in the present arrangement it will be at once clear, by the resistance felt to attempts at vsuch screwing, whether or not the parts have been properly connected` together.

Third or locked position: The thumb-piece ofthe safetydevice4 is turned through an anits initial position into-the horizontal position at the right-hand side of the gun, This position and its eifects on the lock mechanism are well known. The tiring-'pin is then 'pre- 1 vented, by the ange c of the safety-lock from moving forward, and the breech-bolt is prevented by thehead c' of the safety-lock entering the notch b' from turning in the receiver to the unlockedposition without requiring the catch H to operate in the manner stated with respect to positions v I and Il. The catch H operates only when the breechbolt is unlocked, When it is required ,to prevent the small lock from falling over and damaging the stock of the gun in the relooking of the bolt.

The safety-lock F in Figs'. 1 and 2 is in its second or middle position. Although preventing the iring-pin from moving forward, it has no inuence on the movement of the breechbolt' in relation to the small lock, because its recessed part o2 is beyond the end of the bolt. If in that position the previouslyturned breech-bolt were taken outof the barrel, it was possible with the arrangement .hitherto `gle of one hundred and eighty degrees from ICO ris

in use to merely unscrew the small lock fromV the breech-bolt and to remove it, together with the firing-pin and nut D, from the gun.

Moreover, it was possible in that position for -the small lock to tumble over'through a blow or shock; and thus give rise to the in-conve'n iences hereinbefore mentioned. This is ob-- viated by the improved catch H inl connec-y tion with the small lock, consisting, as shown in Figs. 15 and 15"', of the catch-pin H with stud hand the spring h', guided in acylinsmall lockwhen the latter is being removed.

l According to another feature of improve-l ment the safety-lock `F ifs-provided with a cam f or with other suitable means for automatically crowding the firing-pinback to permit the flange o of the safety-lock to pass in ifront of it as the lock F is turned from the firing position toward the safety position.

This cam f is shown in Fig. 7 as extending y' effect of always insuring that the sealwill along the lower edge of the` ange c to the rear side of the flange an extent suicient to enter in front of the `nut D and crowd back the pin' C until the scar-shoulder d' is4 removed from the scar G when the lock F is turned tosafety, so that the parts will then stand in the positions shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings,wherein the safety device F is represented as being in its second position and in operative engagement with the cockinghead D, andthe scar-shoulderl d is slightly separated from the yengaging part of the sear G, leaving a slight space between these two parts, whereby Upon pulling'the trigger the sear will simply play up and down in space without there being any contact or engagement between the scar and its complemental shoulder on the cooking-head. .This has the rise up in front of the scar-shoulder of the ring-pin in case the trigger were accidentally or intentionally pulled while the'gun is cocked and the safety device is in operative.

\ position, which might not be the case it vthis provision were not made.

this provision friction vmight i-n time wear away the engaging parts' of the safety and 'cooking heads, thus permitting the firing-pin to move slightly in advance of aposition to` be engaged by the sear should the same have been withdrawn While the parts are in the safety position, thus renderingv possible the accidental ringof the gun in removing the safety from its engagement with the firingpin. The iiange c also has a shallow notch opposite and receiving the nut D of the pin,

flanked by shoulders f" f",which engage the 4 nut and resist displacement of the lock.

The catchfpin H is taken out-of thesmall llock in the following manner: by pressing it with the nger so far back into the small lock `itself that the stud hcomes opposite the side outlet or opening e5 in the slot e4. The pin l' H is then turned round toward the interior iof the small lock when .the stud h passes through the outlete5 into the position shown at Fig. 12, when it can be -pulled out of the `cylindrical bore e3 in the small lock. l

The catch-pin H, under the pressure .of the spring h', has a constant tendency to advance into its most outward position from the small lock, and to enableit to do so its rearward cylindrical part h3 must necessarily enter the recess b' at the rear of the breech-bolt, and thus couple the latter with the small lockin lsuch a. manner-as to prevent any twisting movementof the two part-s in relation to each other.' The above advancing movement of the catch-pin is impossible, first, when the In the absence of v small lock is' notin a position to bring it in vline with the recess lb in the rear end of the breech-bolt, (see Figs. 3', 4, and 8;) secondly, when the breech-boltjin the locking position has entered so far into the gun-receiver that the catch-pin H vcolnes int-o contact with the rear part of the latter, and 'is thereby pushed back far enough to allow its cylindrical part h to leave the recessb, and thus to break the locking between the small lock and the breech-bolt. Thislatter position of the catch isalways the case when the breech-bolt is in its locked position, but it cannot happeneaccidentallyI when the bolt is unlocked, as previous to pulling the bolt back both the bolt and the small lock are brought into such a i relative position as tolbring the recess b' into the axial line ofthe catch-pin H, so that the latter can enter it as soon as the parts start back, and thereby prevent the accidental tumbling over of the small lock thereafter.

lf it is intended to remove the small lock from the unlocked breech-bolt, care must be taken that the safety thumb-piece f is in po.

sition Il. Itis then only necessary to press the catch-pin-I-I far enough back to force its cylindrical part, hs out-of the recess b', when vthe small-lockjcan be unscrewed from the lbolt without diiiculty. When, 0n the con'- trary, it is 4desired to remount the small lockon the breech-bolt, it can'be screwed thereon only until the shoulder e2 on the annular part vetat-the front of the small lock abuts against the 'foot of the handle B', at which moment the catch-pin H is caused by the spring h' to snap into the recess b on the breech-bolt with Va loud sound, as-previously stated., 'By this .means the unscrewingof the small lock is prevented unless thek catch-pin is pressed back, as hereinbefore explained. The above-mentionedsound constitutes an unfailing indication that the parts have been correctly mounto ed in relation to each other. l 4 It will be seen that the operations before IOO described. for securing the boltagainst'accidental unlocking, as wellas for preventing the small lockl from accidentally tumbling over, are both'effected by aid of the one recess b', which prevents the accidental unlocking of the breech-bolt when entered by the head of the safety ldevice F, while when 'the breecl1-bolt is unlocked and away from the barrel the catch-pin H enters the same recess b', whereby the small lock 'is coupled to and held by thev breech-'bolt and is thus preventedA from accidentally tumbling over.'-

novel features and combinations, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, namely:

.1. An oscillatory and longitudinally-movable bolt having a lixed bolt-handle, a small lock rotatively coupled to the rear of the bolt and movable longitudinally therewith, 'a ring-pin carried by said bolt and coupled thereto by said smalllock, and a receiver holding said small lock against turning when the bolthandle is turned down and freeing the small lock when said handle is turned up and moved back, in combination with automaticl means locking said small lock against rotation when the bolt-handle is turned up and during its longitudinal movement, and automatically unlocking it at the end of such movement, and then permitting said handle to turn down, whereby during longitudinal movement the small lock cannot turn out of position.

2. A receiver, a bolt having a fixed handle, and having oscillatory and longitudinal mov'ements therein, a small lock secured to and moving longitudinally With said bolt at rear of its handle, engaging said receiver when moved forward, then prevented thereby from rotation, and free to rotate when moved back, and a firing-pin carried by said bolt, said bolt and small lock movable from a' closed position in said receiver to an open position at rear thereof, and the one having a notch adjacent to the other, said handle turning down to lock the bolt in the closed position and turning up to free it and move it back, in combination with a catch carried hy oneV of said parts and engaging the notch in the other of said parts when the handle is turned up and moved back, and then locking said small lock non-rotativelyto the bolt, said catch having a portion engaging and moved by the receiver as said parts approach the forward position, and thereby disengaged from said notch, and then permitting said bolt-handle to oscillate.

3. A bolt having a notch b', and a small lock E swiveled thereto and having a socket e3, a notch e4 and a recess e5, and a catch H consisting of a pin seated in said socket, engaging said notch b in said bolt and having a stud hmoving in said notch e4, all combined and arranged substantiall'yas and for the purpose'set forth.

4. A receiver, and a bolt Working therein and having an open rear end, in combination with ad small lock E swiveled to and closing the rear end of said bolt, bearing at its under side on said receiver, and havinga lateral projecting flange e near its front end, and surrounding the exposed end of said bolt, and constituting a gas-shield for defiecting rearwardly-escaping gases.

5. An oscillatory bolt having a lockingl notch, and a small lock swiveled to said holt, and a safety-loch carried by said small lock, and entering said notch at one position of thov bolt, and thereby locking the bolt against oscillation, in combination with a safetycatch carried by said small lock, entering said notch when said bolt is moved to another position, and then locking-the small lock against oscillation relatively to the holt.

"in Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

PAUL MAUSER. lWitnesses:

W. HAUPT, ALoYs GOBANZ.

Images