US1172069A

US1172069A - Short straight-pull breech-action for military hand-firearms.

Info

Publication number: US1172069A
Application number: US86885414A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hans Stamm
Original assignee: Adolph Saurer AG
Current assignee: Saurer AG
Priority date: 1914-05-06
Filing date: 1914-10-27
Publication date: 1916-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 1933-02-15
Also published as: SE41093C1

Description

H. STAMM.

SHORT STRAIGHT PULL BREECH ACTION FUR MILITARY HAND FIREARMS APPLICATIuN HLED ocT.27.1914.

1,172,069. l Patented Feb.15,1916.

'2 SHEETS-SHEET)- H. STAMM. SHORT STRAIGHT PULL BREECH ACTION FOR MILITARY HAND FIREARMS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 27| i914.

1,172,069. I Patented F@b.15,1916;

ze 75 15 7 25 '23 ,33 9 73 5 .9 i v 2 SHEETS-SHEET 42.

Z/Zfnessas: fwezzafwww.. @ZW am HANS STAM, Y0I' ST.

UMTED sTArEs PATENT c OFFICE 1 i Snom" STRAIGHT-PULL Bannon-crioN Fon MILITARY HAND-manna.

Specification. of Letten Patent.

Patented Feb. 15, 1916.

Application tiled October 27, 1914. Serial 0.868,854.

To all whom it may concernv exact description o they invention, such as will enable others skilled in -the art `to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanydrawings, and to letters or figures of' 1n reerence marked thereon, which form a part Vof this specication.

Straight pull breech action in which the i breech bolt, fitted -with lockingnibs, can be turned by a turning member mounted on it,

a so-called grip, or a rectilinearly movable locking member in the breech frame, in order to effect the `lockin andj unlocking, have already been made own. In these breech action systems the locking nibs are fitted in front on the breech bolt head, owing to which the turning member, the -grip or the locking member has` to be pushed over the bolt from behind.

In straight pull breech actions in which the breech bolt can be turned by a locking member which moves to ,and fro in. a straight line, spiral grooves must be provided for the purpose of rotating thebreech bolt, these grooves being cut in the surface'4 of the bolt, the consequence of which is that the back endof the bolt is very much weakened on the one hand by these grooves, and on the other hand bythe principal bore in the breech bolt which serves to receive the striking mechanism or device, and.' also by a screw-thread outside or inside the back end of the bolt, vwhich serves toreceive a nut or guide socket. If this weakened bolt end is furthermore provided on its front face with lnotches in which, for the purpose of automatically grlpping and securing the striking p1na securing'member connected, with ythe latterY must move,r this weakened notched surface at the rear v end of the Abolt y will 'rapidly wear away and in `course of time lose its shape. Furthermore, the provision of the lookin nibs on the front-end of the breech bo t involves an extremely lon breech mechanism,

because behind the locklng nibs, directly in front of the loading-aperture back su ports must also be provided on the breech` rame, thus entailing considerable lengthening of eALLEN, sw1TzEB.LANn, assIeNon 'ro THE nimmer from saunas., or aaron', swrrznnmrm.

the movement of the whole of the breech mechanism when opening and closing it.

According to the present inventionthese drawbacks are to be remedied by arranging the locking nibs on the back part of the breech bolt and making it posslble to push the 'locking member from the front on to the breech bolt so that the rear end of the bolt can without hindrance b e made of sulicient strength, and means are further provided to enable the front end of the bolt in the closed position of the breech mechanism', to project only a small. amount into the breech frame in front of the loading aperture, so that the breech action and its Y movements are extremely short.

A constructional example of the Ainvention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fi re 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the locked breech mechanism after firing a shot. Fig. 2 is a horizontal-longitudinal section through the breechaction ,shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a `horizontal section through the breech actonin its open and drawn back position;v Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a safety' device combined with the trigger for securing the breech bolt. Fig. 5 is a section on the line A-B of Fig. 1 with the safety device in side elevation.

As shown, the military firearm possesses a straight pullybreechy action which is movable in a straight line to and fro in astationary breechframe 1 rigidly fixed to the a handle 6, by meansof which the locking sleeve or the entire breech action can be actuated. For receiving the locking nibs 4 when locking theV breech mechanism, there are provided at the rear end of the breech frame l, the two locking recesses 7 formed with rear abutments 8 (Figs. 1 and 4).

In order to impart the necessary rotary movement to the breech bolt for locking and unlocking, the breech bolt is formed with helical grooves 9 into which the locking sleeve 5 projects with corresponding helical l ribs 10. 'The locking sleeve 5 has such longitudinal movement on the breech bolt 3, that when shifted on the bolt it imparts to the latter a quarter turn of 90, the nibs 4 being turned in to the recesses 7 or out of them. The movement of the locking sleeve on the breech bolt is limited in its back-v ward movement on the breech bolt by the stop face 3 on the breech bolt (Fig.,1) and is limited in its forward movement thereon by a nose 1l on the cartridge extractor 12 of the breech bolt, the said nose extending into a recess 5 in the locking sleeve 5 (Figs. 2 and 3).

The locking sleeve 5 is guided by lateralv ledges 13 in corresponding longitudinal grooves 14 in the breech frame 1. These grooves 14, in the rear ends of which the nibs 4 can also be guided, are in connection with the recesses' 7 so that the Ynibs can be turned out of the groovesl14 into therecesses and vice versa out of the recesses into the grooves. In order to prevent the complete drawing out of the breech action from the breech frame when opening the breech for the purpose of loading, there is fitted at the rear end of the breech frame 1 a breech holder which consists of a lever 15 mounted at the side of the breech frame, and formed y with a nose 16 which 'projects into the latter, under the action of a, spring. There is also provided at the front end of the breech bolt a recess 17, into which the nose 16 of the lever 15 can snap when the breech is open and thus prevent the breech action from being completely drawn out of the frame (Fig.

In the breech bolt 3 the striking device is mounted; it consists of the striking pin 18 which carries at its front end. the removable tip 19 and at its rear end -a head 20, formed with .a lateral -safety arm 21 (Fig. 2). The striking pin is ,under the action of the main spring 22 which bears at one end against the striking pin tip 19 and at the other end against a sleeve 23 screwed into the breech bolt 3 (Figs. 1-3). This sleeve'has a rear cylindrical socket 24 to receive a safety sleeve 25, which is in turn designed to receive the striking pin head 20.

The safety sleeve 25 and the socket 24, which serves as guide for A.the safety sleeve, have proper for the, arm 21of the striking pin.

The notches in the guide socket 24 are only provided to allow the arm 21 to enter the notches in the safety sleeve; they are deeper than the notches 26 and 27 (Figs. 2 and i The sleeve 25 is coupled to the striking pin by means of-a stud 28 mounted in it, which projects into a groove 29 in the striking pin head 20. The groove 29 is semiannular to allow of rotating the striking pin relatively to the safety sleeve; at its end it is made wide enough to permit of drawing back the striking'pin in the safety sleeve 25 for the purpose of securing it. A ledge 25 (Fig. 4) Oprovided on the lower face of the sleeve 25 projects into a longitudinal slot in the guide socket 24 and at the bottom of this ledge there is the lug 30 and at the front end of the ledge, the safety nose 31 which, for the purpose of securing the breech bolt 3, works in conjunction with two

notches

32 and 33 at an angle of 90 to each other provided at the back end of the breech bolt. The notch 32 is deeper than the notch 33 (Fig. 2) to enable'the striking pin to shoot forward with the safety sleeve on ring. The notch 32 on the other hand, in which the nose 31 lies after unlocking the breech bolt, and which is connected withv the notch 32 by an oblique surface, serves the purpose of keeping the striking pin in its secured drawn back position.

34 is the spring cartridge ejector which is itted in a vertically movable manner beneath the breech bolt, and for the purpose of ejecting the empty cases of the fired carders it impossible to fire the shot before the I breech bolt is completely locked.

42 is the loading aperture (Fig. 3). Tliemethod of handling and the 'operation of the firearm is as follows: The breech action is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in the lockedposition after firing a shot, the locking sleeve 5 is in its front position on the breech bolt and the safety sleeve 25 pro 'ects with the nose 31 `into the deeper notch 2 at the back end of the breech bolt, while the safety arm 21 of the striking pin 18 isin the deeper notch 26 of the safet sleeve 25, z'. e. in the unsecured position. o open the breech mechanism, the lookin sleeve 5 is drawn back; this, in the rst instance, owing to the helicirl grooves 9 and the screw pieces 10, causes the breech bolt 3 to turn, that is unlocks the breech action, and owing to the transverse step on the locking nibs 4, the empty cartridge case which has been fired is very much loosened. Toward the end of the releasing movement, the back end ofthe locking sleeve strikes against the stop surface 3 of the breech, boltnnd the locking nibs 4 pass out of the recesses-,7 in the breech frame into the uide grooves 14, and from -tliis moment t e Wholei-breech action is drawn back behind the loading aperture 42 where it is held fast by the lateral breech helder 15, which rejects into the recess 17 at the front end o? the breech bolt, (Fig. 3). At the same moment the cartridge case which was just loosened is thrown out bythe ejector 34 provided beneath the `leerling aperture, and duri the return movement of the locking sleeve, z. e. during the releasing rotin tion of the breech bolt, the striking pin 18 is drawn farther back. The last operation is effected by the safety sleeve 25 which is shifted back by the rising slopn surface between the notches 32 and'33 0.3) at the buck end of the breech bolt, engaging the nose 31, which under the pressure of the main spring. snaps into the shallower safety notch 33 at'the end of said surface, owing to which the striking pintip 19 is also drawn away from the cartridge percussion cap and held or secured in thisdrawn back position. At the saine time the breech bolt 3 is in this way prevented from making an unintended further turn. rW'hen closing the breech action, owing to the rectilinear forward push of the locking sleeve 5, the `breech bolt 3 iny the first place forces a .fresh cartridge, pressed up from the magazine,` into the barrel and at the saine time, when ythe breech action is forced forward, the striking pin lug` 30 on the safety sleeve is held by the ti'i er lug 40 and the main spring 22 putmun er` tension. Vhcn the'breech bolt `strikes behind tlie cartridge at the back cnd'of the barrel, a mere forward thrust ofthe locking sleeve suices to `turn the breech bolt'again through the helical grooves 9 and the screw` pieces 10, and consequently the locking nibs will again reach their locking position in the I arrangement against firing. f

recesses 7, und the nose `31 von the safety `sleeve.limilieen turned outvol'. the sl'izillowcr -notch nud willl lio opposite'thc deeper notch 32 :it the buck rml of the breech bolt, into shallower notch 27 of the safety sleeve 25,

owing to which the striking pin tip 19 is drawn away from the cartridge cap and is held in this position by the main spring 22.

In the straight pull breech action above described and illustrated, the arrangement 1n which the locki nibs are provided at the back end of the reech bolt and the ro tary member, i. e. .the locking sleeve 5 can be thrust vfrom the front over the breech bolt, permits of making the rear end of the breech bolt of sufficient strength without any hindrance, and the front end of the breech bolt needonly project by a smell amount in front of t e loading aperture, into the breech frame. Owing to these measures, o

pin 18 can, as already mentioned,A

considerable strengthening and shortening of the breech action and mobility of the breech action when o ning and closing it for the purpose of ceding, are secured. Owing to the strengthening of the rear end ofthe breech bolt, it is also made possible to utilize the guidesleeve as back supportfor the main spring und make the rear parts of the striking pin and safety mechanism of sulicient strength. The arrangement of the locking nibs at the rear end of the breech holt, r. ict-.hindv the loading aperture, also allows of'fitting the

breech safety pieces

4, 41, Iat che most favorable possible point` Owing to the fact that when actuating the trigger, the cheek 41 on the sear 39 cnn rise up from below, together with the breech nib t lying below, the breech bolt is, when the shot is` fired, n prevented by the cheek 41` fromturnng back and thus effecting automatic unlocking. I f, when the shot is i red the breech bolt should not be fully locked.

proper locking position, it is impossible to pull the senr down to fire theshot,because its cheek 41 cannot then rise into the mierture in the breech frame 1 covered b v the lower locking nib, and therefore the firing ofthe shotfwhen the breech action is not completely locked is prevented, so that the above breech su fety arrangement against unlocking of the breech action serves ut thv suine time as an absolutely reliable safety The taking apart und.`l putting together ngain of the brceuhhnction can bo ell'cctorl with gri-.ut facility owing to the simplicity "i ing pin tip is then coupled to the striking of the desi After drawing the breech action out o the breech frame, the sleeve 23 together with the striking device, are unscrewed from behind out of the breech bolt 3, whereupon the striking picn tip 19 is uncoupled' from the striking pin 18 and can now be removed together with the main spring. Hereupon the striking pin 18 is by its arm 21, together with the safety sleeve, drawn from behind out of the guide socket 24 and the entire breech action has thus been taken apart. It is not necessary that the locking sleeve 5 should also be slipped forward over the breech bolt except in the case of general cleaning or greasing.I In this case only the spring cartridge extractor 12 is presseddown slightly by its 'nose 11, whereupon the locking sleeve can straightway be slipped off the breech bolt.

Putting together is effected in the inverse' order with the same ease and simplicity. The striking pin 18 together with the sleeve 25 are pushed from behind into the

guide socket

23, 24. Hereupon the mainspring is pushed from the front on to the nlong front part of the striking pin and the strikpin 18 in front of the main spring. The whole is now screwed into the breech bolt from behind by means of the 'guide` socket,`

whereupon the breech action can straightwav be pushed back into the breech frame.

What I wish to claim is:

1. In a straight pull breech action for re' arms, a breech frame, a breech bolt having integral locking nibs on its rearend adapted to engage recesses in the back part of the breech frame, a locking sleeve guided rectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt in front of the nibs, and means on the sleeve and bolt for locking the latter in the frame.

and bolt for lockingthe latter in the frame,

and means on the breech bolt to limit the backward and forward movement of thev locking sleeve on the bolt. I

3. In a straight ppll breech action for firearms, a breech fragile, a breech bolt having integral locking nibs on its rear end adapted to"engage recesses in the back part of the breech frame, a locking sleeve guided rectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt, helical ribs and grooves on the -sleeve and bolt for locking the latter in the frame, a

spring cartridge extractor at the front endv of the breech bolt having a projecting nose engaging a recess at the front end of the' locking sleeve,` and a stop on the rearpart of the breech bolt to limit the backward movement of the sleeve on the breech bolt.

4. In a straight pull breech action for firearms, a breech frame, a breech bolt having integral locking nibs on its rear end adapted to engage recesses in the back -part of the breech frame, a locking sleeve guided rectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt, said sleeve havingr helical ribs ena'aginghelical grooves in the bolt for locking the latter in the frame, means on `the breech bolt for limiting the backward and' forward movement of the sleeve on the bolt, and means to limit the opening movement of the breech action.

5. In a straight pull breech action for firearms, a breech frame, a breech bolt having.

integral lockingnibs on its rear end adapted to engage recesses in the back part of the breech frame, aalocking sleeve guided rectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt,

limiting kthe backward and forward movement of the sleeve on the bolt, and a spring actuated member arranged on the frame to engage a recess inv the front end of the breech boltfwhen the latter is near the end 'of its rearward movement.

6. In a straight pull breech action for lirearms, a breech frame, a breech bolt having integral locking nibs on its rear endadapted to engage recesses in the back part of the breech framefa locking sleeve guided rectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt, means on the sleeve andbolt for locking the latter in the frame, a searmechanism, and means for preventing the unlocking of the breech bolt o-n firing and to prevent the operation of the Sear when the breech action is unlocked'. A

7. In a straight pull breech action foilirearms, a breech frame, a breech bolt having breech frame, a locking sleeve guided recti linearly in the latter, and on the breechbolt,

- integral locking nibs on its rear endadapted to engage recesses in the back part of the means o-n the sleeve and bolt for locking the l latter in the frame, aA sear mechanism, and

an upwardly projecting member arranged to be moved by the scar into the casing adjacent one of the locking nibs to prevent un l locking ofthe breech'bolt on firing.

8. In a'straight pull breech action'for fire-- arms, a breech frame, abreech bolt having integral lockingnbs on its rear end adapted to engage recessesin the back part of the breech frame, a locln'ng sleeve guid'edrectilinearly in the latter and on the breech bolt in front of the nibs, means on the sleeveand4 bolt for locking the latter in the frame,

means on the breech bolt to limit the backward and forward movement of the lockingy sleevey onithe bolt, means to limit the openas my invention Iy have signed my name in ing movement of the breech action, and presence of thesbscrbin Witnesses.

means tok prevent VVthe unlocking of the ANS STAMM. breech bolt u on firing sind to prevent-,the Witnesses: 5 operationof t e'lsear when the breech action CARL KAUFMAN, is unlocked. R. H. WILLIAMS.,

In testimony that I claim thewfuoregong. FRANK 'Eliminating