US5767660A - Method and apparatus for charging and/or charge exchange between a plurality of series connected energy storage devices - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for charging and/or charge exchange between a plurality of series connected energy storage devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5767660A US5767660A US08/776,734 US77673497A US5767660A US 5767660 A US5767660 A US 5767660A US 77673497 A US77673497 A US 77673497A US 5767660 A US5767660 A US 5767660A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- energy storage
- storage device
- charging
- storage devices
- windings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention concerns a method for charging and/or charge exchange between a plurality of like energy storage devices connected in series where at least one electric storage device is, in timed fashion, connected in parallel to the energy storage devices, wherein each electric storage device is a transformer component charged from the energy storage devices, and concerns additionally an apparatus for the application of the method.
- Such a monitoring method is known from U.S. Pat. No. -A-4 331 911 and serves the equalization of voltages of individual series-connected accumulators with a DC--DC converter.
- the sole central converter for all accumulators is charged from the overall battery and is unable to detect peculiarities of individual accumulators resulting from ageing.
- DE-PS 30 31 931 describes a device for extending the discharge time of rechargeable accumulators where the states of charge of the accumulators are detected with a monitoring device. A longer, reliable discharge of the accumulators is accomplished in that the accumulator operation is not terminated upon discharge of the weakest cell, and thus arrival at a limit voltage, but only when this limit voltage is reached at the average of all interconnected accumulators. A service life extension of accumulators in view of their replacement cannot be achieved thereby.
- SU 1 065 959 is a device for an accumulator charger that prevents overcharging and charging at inverted polarity of accumulators.
- the charging current is monitored by a transistor circuit which additionally comprises zener diodes.
- This safety circuit can guarantee neither a monitoring of the quality of the accumulators nor bring about a longer service life of accumulators degrading in their quality.
- a monitoring device for a plurality of series-wired like accumulators wherein with the aid of a control circuit an electric storage device is connected in parallel to one of the accumulators, wherein the primary winding of a transformer, in series with a breaker connected to the control circuit, is connected in parallel to the poles of the group of accumulators,
- the electric storage device is always formed of the secondary winding, which is always connected via a blocking diode to each accumulator.
- a function generator is, via a comparator, circuit turned on between the accumulators, the output of which generator is connected to the breaker. This makes it possible to supply energy to exactly the weakest accumulator.
- this system has the disadvantage of a plurality of control components representing a cost factor and, as the case may be, a space and weight factor. Besides the appreciable expense for selecting the respective weak or strong cell, the performance range of the blocking converters used is upwardly limited.
- the objective underlying the invention is to provide a method of the initially mentioned type wherein, besides delaying the replacement of an accumulator degraded in its quality at low wiring expense, the charging of the energy storage devices can also be effected.
- This objective is inventionally met for a method in that the at least one electric storage device is switched in the charging operation, in one timing step, as secondary winding, with a feeder winding arranged on the same core being provided as primary winding, and in that the at least one electric storage device is, in the charge exchange operation, switched, in one timing step, as transfer winding into which a voltage is induced from the overall energy storage device or from one or several individual energy storage devices.
- the at least one electric storage device is in the charging operation switched, in one timing step, as secondary winding, with a feeder winding arranged on the same core being provided as primary winding, and in that the at least one electric storage device is, in the charge exchange operation, switched, in one timing step, as transfer winding in which a voltage is induced from the overall energy storage device or from one or several individual energy storage devices.
- FIG. 1 a schematic wiring diagram of an apparatus for charging and charge equalization in four accumulators according to a first exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 a schematic wiring diagram of a further apparatus for charging and charge equalization in three accumulators according to a second exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 3 a schematic wiring diagram of a further apparatus for charging and charge equalization in two accumulators according to a third exemplary embodiment.
- the apparatus allows integration, e.g., in a device for charge exchange according to EP 90 123 409, of the applicant. Moreover, it may be employed also in DE (application number of ISE-P55, Az-PST; 93/30586) for forming with a small number of additional components a combined apparatus for charge exchange and charging.
- DE application number of ISE-P55, Az-PST; 93/30586
- FIG. 1 shows a wiring diagram of an apparatus for charging and charge exchange for four accumulators 1 according to a first embodiment.
- These accumulators can form a single group of four accumulators 1 or may be parts of a larger battery bank comprising, e.g., 10 to 12 accumulators.
- a transformer 2 is provided that has four identical windings 3, all of which are arranged on a common core 4 in close magnetic coupling in the same directional sense indicated by the dots.
- One winding 3, forming an energy storage device is always associated with an accumulator 1, with each winding 3 arrayed in series with a diode 7 and wired in parallel with the accumulator 1.
- a supplemental winding 13 with a winding sense opposite to the windings 3 the supplemental winding is arrayed, in series with a parallel combination of a switch 8 and a diode 17, for being switched to the overall battery bank.
- the power rectifier 10 is energized, e.g., from the usual A/C source 11 and generates on the secondary side an intermediate-circuit voltage.
- the windings 23 and 33 are now connected with the aid of the switches 5 and 6 alternately to the poles of the power rectifier 10 at a pulse duty factor of less than 50%.
- the switches 5 and 6 are illustrated in the timing step in which the switch 5 is closed, so that the winding 23 is acted upon by the intermediate-circuit voltage generated by the power rectifier 10.
- switch 6 closes, whereas switch 5 opens, so that the winding 33 is acted upon by the intermediate-circuit voltage.
- the switch 8 is open at that time.
- the device operates as a rectifier.
- the feeder winding 23 induces in the windings 3 a voltage to the effect that the diodes 7 become conductive and a current flows directly to the accumulators 1.
- the larger portion of the current flows to the accumulator cell with the lowest voltage, so that in conjunction with charging a direct equalization of charged voltages occurs during the charging operation.
- the feeder winding 33 induces a voltage in the winding 13, making the diode 17 conductive and causing a current to flow into the overall battery.
- the switches 5 and 6 are each connected to appropriate outputs of a clock generator, which is not illustrated in the drawing and is able to generate a clock frequency of preferably more than 20 kHz.
- the switches 5 and 6 are opened and the power rectifier 10 is disconnected from the power source. Thereafter, the device is operated as a blocking oscillator with the aid of a sequence control.
- an activating circuit is provided which can be tripped by a plurality of events, depending on the purpose of application as an example a simple on/off switch may be used, e.g., by the equivalent of an ignition lock of a battery-powered vehicle.
- the circuit may also feature a voltage comparator that transmits a switching pulse to the output of the circuit when the absolute value of the battery voltage ranges within, or better without, predetermined values.
- a voltage comparator that transmits a switching pulse to the output of the circuit when the absolute value of the battery voltage ranges within, or better without, predetermined values.
- these values could range at a voltage of greater than 2.2 volts or smaller than 1.95 volts.
- a voltage of an accumulator 1 outside these values allows inferring a charging or discharging operation at which the charge equalization should take place.
- the activating circuit When the activating circuit generates a start pulse in accordance with one of the above conditions, which can be checked individually but also grouped, said pulse activates, e.g., a monoflop that turns on the device for charge equalization for a predetermined time, for instance for one-half hour, this time period may also be set by a characteristic of the activated load.
- the device is monitored by a logic unit to which further signals for detection of an excess current or excess temperature of components, such as transistors and windings.
- This circuit may also possess an output for display of status signals or control signals, for example, for load dumping
- This control logic activates the said clock generator of high clock frequency, to the output of which the control input of the switch 8 is connected.
- the switch 8 opens and closes at a high clock frequency of several kHz, whereby energy is withdrawn from the overall battery and is passed to the weakest individual cell.
- FIG. 2 shows a wiring diagram of a further device for charging and charge equalization with three accumulators 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment. Identical features are referenced identically in all of the figures.
- the control signal of the clock generator acts upon further switches 15 that are each wired in series with the windings 3. These switches 15 are also closed in the timing step in which the switch 5 is closed, and they switch the windings 3 is parallel with the accumulators 1. This allows the energy delivered by the power rectifier 10 to be induced via the feeder winding 23 in the windings 3, which output a charging current for the individual accumulators 1.
- the clock generator opens the switches 15 and causes a voltage to be induced in the winding 13 via the feeder winding 33, thereby charging the overall battery.
- the device according to FIG. 2 therefore operates as a circuit for charge equalization, when both switches 5 and 6 are open and the switches are only opened and closed with the aid of the same or of a further clock generator.
- All of the windings 3 are switched to the accumulators 1 in the same direction, while for the second timing period with open switches 15 there is provided the demagnetizing winding 13, which acts jointly for all accumulators 1 and is switched via a diode 17 via the overall battery.
- the actual charge exchange occurs in the cut-in phase within the first timing period. With a suitable selection of the windings 3 and 13, this timing period can also amount to over 50% of a cycle, since the demagnetization can occur swiftly.
- FIG. 3 shows a wiring diagram of a further device for charge equalization with two accumulators 1 illustrated in this section, according to a third exemplary embodiment. Illustrated are two series-wired accumulators 1 which are part of a battery bank comprising a plurality of accumulators. Two windings 3 of different winding sense are coordinated with each of the accumulators 1. These windings 3, each with a different winding sense as regards their switching to the accumulator 1, are series-wired each with a switch 15 or 16. The windings 3 are arranged on a common core 4.
- each of the two windings 3 assigned to an accumulator 1 is connected in parallel with the accumulator 1, with all of the accumulators being virtually switched in parallel, so that a charge exchange occurs in each step and a current flows into the weakest accumulator 1.
- the device possesses the feeder windings 23 and 33 on the common core 4, connected to the power rectifier 10 in a manner analogous to the other exemplary embodiments.
- the switches 5 and 15, respectively 6 and 16 are now jointly closed or opened. Switches 5 and 15 or switches 6 and 16 are always operated in synchronism. Hence, a voltage is induced in the windings 3 via the feeder winding 23 while the switch 5 is closed, which windings 3 are wired in parallel with the accumulators 1 via the switches 15.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4428769.0 | 1994-08-13 | ||
DE4428769A DE4428769C1 (de) | 1994-08-13 | 1994-08-13 | Vorrichtung zur Aufladung von und/oder zum Ladungsaustausch zwischen einer Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Energiespeichern |
PCT/DE1995/000975 WO1996005643A1 (de) | 1994-08-13 | 1995-07-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufladung von und/oder zum ladungsaustausch zwischen einer vielzahl von in reihe geschalteten energiespeichern |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5767660A true US5767660A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
Family
ID=6525647
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/776,734 Expired - Fee Related US5767660A (en) | 1994-08-13 | 1995-07-21 | Method and apparatus for charging and/or charge exchange between a plurality of series connected energy storage devices |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5767660A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0775378B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4428769C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996005643A1 (de) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999021241A1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-29 | Usar Systems Inc. | Improved voltaic pile with charge equalizing system |
US6046573A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-04-04 | Xicon Battery Electronics Ab | System for equalizing the level of charge in batteries |
JP2000308271A (ja) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-11-02 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | エネルギー移送装置、充電装置および電源装置 |
JP2001076766A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-23 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | 蓄電システムおよび蓄電モジュール |
JP2001076765A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-23 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | エネルギー移送装置 |
US6297616B1 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2001-10-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Charge and discharge system for electric power storage equipment |
US6301138B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-10-09 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Data carrier with load modulation means and with improved power supply in the process of load modulation |
US6323620B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-11-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power system using an electric power storing secondary battery effective for load leveling |
FR2815787A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-26 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Appareil d'egaliseur de tension et son procede |
FR2817087A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-24 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Appareil d'egalisation de tension pour dispositifs a batterie |
US6410992B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-06-25 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | System and method for dual mode control of a turbogenerator/motor |
US20030214267A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Long Laurence P. | Ultracapacitor balancing circuit |
US6664653B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2003-12-16 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Command and control system for controlling operational sequencing of multiple turbogenerators using a selected control mode |
US20050077879A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-14 | Near Timothy Paul | Energy transfer device for series connected energy source and storage devices |
US20050140336A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-06-30 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Voltage equalizer for battery elements |
US20050185429A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-25 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Adaptively configured voltage transformation module array |
US20050185430A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-25 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Adaptively configured and autoranging voltage transformation module arrays |
US20050254272A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-11-17 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Energy storage and hold-up method and apparatus for high density power conversion |
US20050270812A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-12-08 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Universal AC adapter |
US20060214636A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-28 | Yazaki Corporation | Method and apparatus for equalizing secondary cells |
US20080123374A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2008-05-29 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Adaptively Configured and Autoranging Power Converter Arrays |
US20090079265A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2009-03-26 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply having an auxiliary power cell |
US7561446B1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2009-07-14 | Vlt, Inc. | Double-clamped ZVS buck-boost power converter |
US20100219793A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2010-09-02 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply for an electronic device |
US20100326063A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2010-12-30 | Leblanc William Kenneth | Methods and apparatus to charge accumulator apparatus |
US20110140663A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-16 | Farshid Tofigh | Systems and methods for balancing multi-cell batteries |
WO2014026801A1 (de) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schaltbare energiespeichervorrichtung sowie verfahren zum betreiben einer schaltbaren energiespeichervorrichtung |
USRE46156E1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2016-09-20 | Eaglepicher Technologies Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same |
US20210181265A1 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2021-06-17 | Igus Gmbh | Monitoring system for cable drag chains |
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DE10312362A1 (de) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-30 | Andreas Klasen | Lade und Ausgleich System für Akkumulatoren, Einzelzellen oder Blöcke (Kurz LAS) |
DE102008023291A1 (de) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | Clean Mobile Ag | Elektrisches Leichtfahrzeug mit elektrischer Energieversorgungseinheit und Verfahren zum Laden und Entladen von Akkumulatoren eines elektrischen Leichtfahrzeugs |
DE102008023292A1 (de) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-12-03 | Clean Mobile Ag | Elektrische Energieversorgungseinheit und Verfahren zum Laden und Entladen von Akkumulatoren einer elektrischen Energieversorgungseinheit |
DE102011014925A1 (de) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum aktiven Balancieren von Spannungsquellen |
DE102011014924A1 (de) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft | Flurförderzeug mit einem elektrischen Antrieb |
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Cited By (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6046573A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-04-04 | Xicon Battery Electronics Ab | System for equalizing the level of charge in batteries |
US6511764B1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2003-01-28 | Usar Systems, Inc. | Voltaic pile with charge equalizing system |
WO1999021241A1 (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-04-29 | Usar Systems Inc. | Improved voltaic pile with charge equalizing system |
US6664653B1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2003-12-16 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | Command and control system for controlling operational sequencing of multiple turbogenerators using a selected control mode |
US6297616B1 (en) * | 1999-01-18 | 2001-10-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Charge and discharge system for electric power storage equipment |
JP2000308271A (ja) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-11-02 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | エネルギー移送装置、充電装置および電源装置 |
JP2001076766A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-23 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | 蓄電システムおよび蓄電モジュール |
JP2001076765A (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2001-03-23 | Nagano Japan Radio Co | エネルギー移送装置 |
US6633091B1 (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2003-10-14 | Nagano Japan Radio Co., Ltd. | Storage module |
JP3280641B2 (ja) | 1999-09-08 | 2002-05-13 | 長野日本無線株式会社 | エネルギー移送装置 |
US6301138B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-10-09 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Data carrier with load modulation means and with improved power supply in the process of load modulation |
US6323620B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2001-11-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Electric power system using an electric power storing secondary battery effective for load leveling |
US6410992B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-06-25 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | System and method for dual mode control of a turbogenerator/motor |
US6664654B2 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2003-12-16 | Capstone Turbine Corporation | System and method for dual mode control of a turbogenerator/motor |
FR2815787A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-26 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Appareil d'egaliseur de tension et son procede |
FR2817087A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-05-24 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Appareil d'egalisation de tension pour dispositifs a batterie |
US8026637B2 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2011-09-27 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply having an auxiliary power cell |
US20090079265A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2009-03-26 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply having an auxiliary power cell |
US20100219793A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2010-09-02 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply for an electronic device |
US8030798B2 (en) | 2001-01-24 | 2011-10-04 | Cochlear Limited | Power supply for an electronic device |
US20030214267A1 (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Long Laurence P. | Ultracapacitor balancing circuit |
US20050077879A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-14 | Near Timothy Paul | Energy transfer device for series connected energy source and storage devices |
US20050140336A1 (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-06-30 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Voltage equalizer for battery elements |
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US9413259B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2016-08-09 | Vlt, Inc. | Universal AC adaptor |
US7408795B2 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2008-08-05 | Vlt, Inc. | Energy storage and hold-up method and apparatus for high density power conversion |
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US20050270812A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-12-08 | Patrizio Vinciarelli | Universal AC adapter |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0775378B1 (de) | 1998-11-11 |
EP0775378A1 (de) | 1997-05-28 |
WO1996005643A1 (de) | 1996-02-22 |
DE4428769C1 (de) | 1996-05-02 |
DE59504232D1 (de) | 1998-12-17 |
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