US5724425A - Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US5724425A
US5724425A US08/258,244 US25824494A US5724425A US 5724425 A US5724425 A US 5724425A US 25824494 A US25824494 A US 25824494A US 5724425 A US5724425 A US 5724425A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
software
key
cryptographic
computer
public
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US08/258,244
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sheue-Ling Chang
James Gosling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sun Microsystems Inc
Original Assignee
Sun Microsystems Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sun Microsystems Inc filed Critical Sun Microsystems Inc
Priority to US08/258,244 priority Critical patent/US5724425A/en
Assigned to SUN MICROSYSTEMS reassignment SUN MICROSYSTEMS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHANG, SHEUE-LING, GOSLING, JAMES A.
Priority to EP95303720A priority patent/EP0686906B1/de
Priority to DE69534212T priority patent/DE69534212T8/de
Priority to JP7144507A priority patent/JPH08166879A/ja
Assigned to SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. reassignment SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRSTPERSON, INC.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5724425A publication Critical patent/US5724425A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/12—Protecting executable software
    • G06F21/121—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs
    • G06F21/125—Restricting unauthorised execution of programs by manipulating the program code, e.g. source code, compiled code, interpreted code, machine code
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00
    • G06F2211/007—Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00
    • G06F2211/007—Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
    • G06F2211/008—Public Key, Asymmetric Key, Asymmetric Encryption

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of public key encryption, and more particularly, the present invention relates to the use of public key encryption to achieve enhanced security and product authentication in the distribution of software.
  • Public key encryption is based on encryption algorithms that have two keys. One key used for encryption, and the other key is used for decryption. There is a known algorithm that computes the second key given the first. However, without full knowledge of all the parameters, one cannot compute the first key given the second key.
  • the first key is referred to as the "private key”
  • the second key is referred to as the "public key”.
  • either the private key or the public key may be used to encrypt a message, with the opposite key used to decrypt it. In general, the private key must be kept private, but the public key may be provided to anyone.
  • Public key cryptography is used to send secure messages across public communication links on which an intruder may eavesdrop, and solves the problem of sending the encryption password to the other side securely.
  • Public key systems may also be used to encrypt messages, and also to effectively sign messages, allowing the received party to authenticate the sender of the message.
  • the sender computes a message digest from the data using specially designed cryptographically strong digests designed for this purpose.
  • the sender uses the private key to encrypt the message digest, wherein this encrypted message digest is called a digital "signature".
  • the sender then packages the data, the message digest and the public key together.
  • the receiver may check for tampering by computing the message digest again, then decrypting the received message digest with the public key. If the recomputed and decrypted message digests are identical, there was no tampering of the data.
  • Viruses and worms are computer code cleverly inserted into legitimate programs which are subsequently executed on computers. Each time the program is executed the virus or worm can cause damage to the system by destroying valuable information, and/or further infect and spread to other machines on the network. While there are subtle differences between a virus and a worm, a critical component for both is that they typically require help from an unsuspecting computer user to successfully infect a computer or a corporate network.
  • Firewalls generally restrict Internet file transfers and telnet connections. Such transfers and connections can only be initiated from within the corporate network, such that externally initiated file transfers and telnet connections are refused by the firewall. Firewalls allow electronic mail and network news to freely flow inside the firewall's private network.
  • the use of corporate firewalls allows employees to readily exchange information within the corporate environment, without having to adopt extreme security measures. A good firewall implementation can defend against most of the typical frontal assaults on system security.
  • One method of preventing viruses and worms from infecting a corporate network is to never execute a program that may contain viruses.
  • programs legitimately deployed throughout the corporate network should be considered virus free.
  • All binary executables, all unreviewed shell scripts, and all source code fetched from outside the firewall are software that may contain a worm or virus.
  • outside binary executables, shell scripts, and source code may enter a corporate firewall through an E-mail attachment.
  • the shell scripts that are used to make and send multiple files using E-mail and the surveytools that start up by activating the E-mail attachment may allow virus entry.
  • Executables can also be directly fetched through the iftp program, through a world-wide web browser such as Mosaic, or from an outside contractor whose network has already been compromised.
  • a user has no mechanism to authenticate that the software sold is actually from the manufacturer shown on the label. Unauthorized copying and the sale of software is a significant problem, and users who believe that they are buying software with a manufacturer's warranty instead purchase pirated software, with neither a warranty nor software support.
  • the problem of authenticating the original source of the software is accentuated when software is intended to be distributed through networks, and a user's source for the software may be far removed from the original writer of the software.
  • a user does not have that ability to verify that the software purchased contains only the original manufacturer's code.
  • a user also does not have a method for detecting any tampering, such as the existence of a virus, that may cause undesirable effects.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus for authenticating that software distributed by a manufacturer is a legitimate copy of an authorized software release, and that the software contains only the original manufacturers code without tampering.
  • the present invention solves the above identified problems through the use of a "software passport" which includes the digital signature of the application writer and manufacturer.
  • the present invention may also be used to protect intellectual property, in the form of copyrighted computer code, by utilizing cryptographic techniques referred to herein as public key encryption.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus utilizing public key encryption techniques for enhancing software security and for distributing software.
  • the present invention includes a first computer which is provided with source code to be protected using the teachings of the present invention.
  • a software application writer's private key along with an application writer's license provided to the first computer.
  • An application writer generally means a software company such as Microsoft Corporation, Adobe or Apple Computer, Inc.
  • the application writer's license includes identifying information such as the application writer's name as well as the application writer's public key.
  • a compiler program executed by the first computer compiles the source code into binary code, and computes a message digest for the binary code.
  • the first computer then encrypts the message digest using the application writer's private key, such that the encrypted message digest is defined as a digital "signature" of the application writer.
  • a software passport is then generated which includes the application writer's digital signature, the application writer's license and the binary code. The software passport is then distributed to a user using any number of software distribution models known in the industry.
  • a user upon receipt of the software passport, loads the passport into a computer which determines whether the software passport includes the application writer's license and digital signature. In the event that the software passport does not include the application writer's license, or the application writer's digital signature, then the user's computer system discards the software passport and does not execute the binary code. As an additional security step, the user's computer computes a second message digest for the software passport and compares it to the first message digest, such that if the first and second message digests are not equal, the software passport is also rejected by the user's computer and the code is not executed. If the first and second message digests are equal, the user's computer extracts the application writer's public key from the application writer's license for verification.
  • the application writer's digital signature is decrypted using the application writer's public key.
  • the user's computer compares a message digest of the binary code to be executed, with the decrypted application writer's digital signature, such that if they are equal, the user's computer executes the binary code.
  • software products distributed with the present invention's software passport permits the user's computer to authenticate the software as created by an authorized application writer who has been issued a valid application writer's license. Any unauthorized changes to the binary code comprising the distributed software is evident through the comparison of the calculated and encrypted message digests.
  • a platform builder provides an application writer with a platform builder's digital signature which is included in the application writer's license.
  • the first computer compiles the software into binary code and computes a first message digest for the binary code.
  • the first computer further encrypts the first message digest using the application writer's private key, such that the encrypted first message digest is defined as the application writer's digital signature.
  • a software passport is generated which includes the application writer's digital signature, the application writer's license and the binary code. The software passport is then distributed to a user through existing software distribution channels.
  • the user's computing platform which may be a computer, a video game box or a set top box, is provided with the platform builder's public key.
  • the computing platform determines if the software passport includes an application writer's license. If it does not, the hardware platform rejects the execution of the code. If a software passport is present, the hardware platform extracts the application writer's license from the passport and determines whether or not the passport includes the platform builder's signature. The platform builder's signature is then decrypted using the public key provided in the platform.
  • the computing platform recomputes the message digest of the application writer's license, and compares the received message digest with the recomputed message digest, such that if the digests are not equal, the software passport is not considered genuine and is rejected. If the message digests are equal, the hardware platform extracts the application writer's public key from the application writer's license, and extracts the application writer's digital signature. The hardware platform then recomputes the message digest of the binary code comprising the application software to be executed, and decrypts the application writer's digital signature using the application writer's public key. The hardware platform then compares the recomputed message digest for the binary code with the application writer's decrypted signature, such that if they are equal, the binary code is executed by the hardware platform. If the recomputed message digest and the application writer's decrypted signature are not equal, the software passport is rejected and the code is not executed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a data processing system incorporating the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 conceptually illustrates use of the present invention's software passport where the application code and the software passport are provided in separate files.
  • FIG. 3 conceptually illustrates use of the present invention's use of the software passport where the application code and the software passport are distributed in the same file.
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the present invention's process for generating a software passport.
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the use of the present invention for platform producer licensing.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b are flowcharts illustrating the steps executed by the present invention for verifying that a valid software license exists, and that the software writer's ("SW's") signature is valid, prior to permitting the execution of a computer program.
  • SW's software writer's
  • the operations referred to are machine operations.
  • Useful machines for performing the operations of the present invention include general purpose digital computers or other similar devices. In all cases, the reader is advised to keep in mind the distinction between the method operations of operating a computer and the method of computation itself.
  • the present invention relates to method steps for operating a computer, coupled to a series of networks, and processing electrical or other physical signals to generate other desired physical signals.
  • the present invention also relates to apparatus for performing these operations.
  • This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer.
  • the method/process steps presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus.
  • Various general purpose machines may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove more convenient to construct specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these machines will be apparent from the description given below.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a data processing system in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • a computer 10 which comprises three major components. The first of these is an input/output (I/O) circuit 12 which is used to communicate information in appropriately structured form to and from other portions of the computer 10.
  • I/O input/output
  • computer 10 includes a central processing (CPU) 13 coupled to the I/O circuit 12 and a memory 14.
  • CPU central processing
  • memory 14 coupled to the I/O circuit 12
  • the computer 10 may be coupled to a network, in accordance with the teachings herein.
  • the computer 10 may further include encrypting and decrypting circuitry incorporating the present invention, or as will be appreciated, the present invention may be implemented in software executed by computer 10.
  • a raster display monitor 16 is shown coupled to the I/O circuit 12 and issued to display images generated by CPU 13 in accordance with the present invention. Any well known variety of cathode ray tube (CRT) or other type of display may be utilized as display 16.
  • CTR cathode ray tube
  • the present invention's software passport identifies a portion of software, or some machine code (hereinafter "code"), in a manner similar to how a physical passport identifies a person.
  • code some machine code
  • the concept is similar to the real-life passport system which forms the basis of a trust model among different countries.
  • Physical passports enable border entry officers to identify each individual and make certain decisions based on his/her passport.
  • a software passport is a modern release process for distributing software products.
  • a software passport gives a software product an identity and a brand name.
  • the software passport provides the basis of a trust model and allows computer users to identify and determine the genuineness of a software product based on the information contained in its passport.
  • FIG. 2 the present invention is illustrated in conceptual form for the case where the computer code (comprising a piece of software) and the software passport are in separate files.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the present invention where the computer code comprising a piece of software and the software passport are in the same file.
  • the information included in the present invention's software passport may include:
  • product information such as the software product's name and any other relevant information to the specific product
  • company information including the name of the company or the software application writer who has produced the product
  • a validity date which includes the issue date of the software passport and the expiration date of the passport
  • the software code body including executable application code distributed to the user
  • a digital "signature” is produced by using certain cryptographic techniques of computing a message digest of a piece of software code (hereinafter “code”), and encrypting the message digest using the signer's private key.
  • code a piece of software code
  • message digest algorithms such as the MD2, MD4, and MD5 algorithms published by RSA, Inc.
  • the use of private cryptographic techniques makes this signature very difficult to forge since the signer keeps the private key secret.
  • the reader is referred to the papers by Whitfield Diffie, "The First Ten Years of Public Key Cryptography", Vol. 76, No.
  • the code changes its message digest reflects any differences.
  • this "digital signature" is stamped on the product prior to its release.
  • the digital signature associates a product with the entity that has produced it, and enables consumers to evaluate the quality of a product based on the reputation of the producer.
  • the signature also permits a consumer to distinguish the genuineness of a product.
  • the present invention's software producer's license (at time referred to herein as the "application writer's license”) is an identification similar to the home repair contractor's license issued by a state.
  • a software producer's license identifies and certifies that the producer is authorized to perform certain software production activities. It is contemplated that the software producer's license will be issued by some commonly-trusted authority established by the computer software industry. Before issuing an license to a software producer, this authority performs a defined process to authenticate the person or company, and to verify their job skill; as a state does before issuing a contractor's license. For convenience, in this Specification, this commonly-trusted entity is referred to as the Software Publishing Authority ("SPA").
  • SPA Software Publishing Authority
  • a software producer's license contains the following information:
  • a software producer's license associates an application writer with a name and a public key. It enables a software producer to produce multiple products, and to sign every product produced.
  • the public key embedded in a license belongs to the person who owns the license. This public key can later be used by any third party to verify the producer's digital signature.
  • a user who has purchased a product can determine the genuineness of a product by using the public key embedded in the producer's identification to authenticate the digital signature.
  • the SPA's digital signature is generated by computing the message digest of the producer's identification and encrypting the message digest using the SPA's private key. Since the SPA's private key is kept private to the SPA, third parties are not able to easily forge the SPA's signature to produce a fake identification.
  • SW software application writer
  • the code included in a passport may comprise source code in various computer languages, assembly code, machine binary code, or data.
  • the code may be stored in various formats. For example, a piece of source code may be stored in a clear text form in the passport. A portion of binary executable machine code may also be stored in a compacted format in the passport, using certain well known compaction algorithms such as Huffman encoding. The format used in a particular implementation is indicated by a flag in the passport.
  • Binary executable code may further be stored in a printable-character set format to allow the passport to be printed. A user would then reverse the printable-format to recover the software.
  • code protected by intellectual property, such as copyright or patent may be stored in an encrypted format in the passport. In such case, it is contemplated that a user may be required to pay a license fee prior to gaining access to the software.
  • the original source code 20, the application writer's private key 22, and the application writer's license 24 is provided to a compiler 26.
  • the application writer's license 24 includes the writer's name 30, the writer's public key 32 and a validity date 34.
  • the compiler 26 then compiles the source code 20 into binary code.
  • the compiler 26 further computes the message digest of the binary code, and encrypts the message digest using the private key 22 supplied by the application writer. This encrypted message digest constitutes the application writer's signature.
  • a digital signature of the application writer is produced and embedded in the passport.
  • the compiler 26 also embeds the application writer's license 24 in the passport.
  • the application writer's license 24 allows any user who has purchased the product to recognize the maker of the product.
  • the application writer's digital signature in the passport allows any user to verify the genuineness of the product.
  • the SPA's digital signature in the application writer's license 24 provides the user with the ability to verify that an application writer is a licensed application writer by using SPA's public key to encrypt the signature.
  • the generated software passport 38 including the application code is then distributed using any desired software distribution model.
  • the passport 38 is received by a user and is executed using an operating system (OS) running on a computer system (“platform”) such as the system of FIG. 1.
  • OS operating system
  • platform computer system
  • platform producers In the electronic game industry and the interactive television cable set-top box industry, platform producers often desire to allow only authorized code to be executed on their particular platform. To be able to control the accessibility of a platform, the received code must be identifiable and the platform must be able to identify the software when it arrives. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the present invention may be applied in a platform producer licensing scheme with particular application for use in settop box and video game environments.
  • a platform producer may issue a "programmer's license" to a set of application writers (alternatively referred to as "software writers") who are authorized to write application code for a particular platform.
  • a programmer's license issued by a platform producer is similar to the programmer's identification issued by the SPA, except that the license is digitally signed by the platform producer instead of by the SPA.
  • the programmer's license contains the following information:
  • the issuing authority (the platform producer);
  • the platform producer's digital signature the platform producer's digital signature.
  • the platform producer's digital signature is generated by computing the message digest of the license, and encrypting the message digest using the platform producer's private key.
  • the software produced by a licensed application writer will include a valid passport 50 (see FIGS. 5 and 6a) which contains a genuine writer's digital signature, and a valid application writer's license 52 issued by the platform builder. Any application writer who is not authorized by the platform builder will not possess a valid license. Therefore, the software passport generated by an unauthorized person will either have no valid license or no valid signature.
  • the public key 54 of the platform builder is embedded in the platform (e.g., video game) for the verification process.
  • the platform extracts the public key 54 embedded in the system to verify that a passport contains a valid application writer's license 52.
  • the digital signature in the application writer's license is generated by computing the message digest of the license 52 and encrypting the message digest using the platform builder's private key.
  • the system of the present invention can thus recover the original message digest by decrypting the signature using the platform builder's public key 54.
  • the verification process of the application writer's license may be accomplished by:
  • the passport 50 contains a valid application writer's license if the two message digests are the same. Otherwise the license is not valid.
  • the verification process of the present invention is illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 6(a).
  • the application writer might have stolen the license by copying it from some other authorized writer's passport. In this case, the unauthorized writer would not have a correct private key 58 to forge the signature of the authorized writer. It is contemplated that the system will further verify the signature of the application writer 60. It will be recalled that the application writer's digital signature in the passport was generated by computing the message digest of the passport and encrypting the message digest using the application writer's private key 58. The original message digest may be recovered by decrypting the signature using the writer's public key 62 embedded in the application writer's license 52, which is embedded in the passport 50. The application writer's digital signature may then be verified by:
  • the signature is valid if the two message digests are the same. Otherwise the passport is not valid and the platform will reject the execution of the software.
  • the steps executed by the present invention to verify the application writer's digital signature are illustrated in flow chart for FIG. 6(b).
  • the security scheme of the present invention may be used to protect inventions and authorship protected by intellectual property, such as copyrights and patents.
  • the one additional procedure that is added to protect intellectual property is that the compiler (e.g. a compiler 68 shown in FIG. 5) generates encrypted byte codes.
  • OS platform operating system
  • the verification procedures are followed as described above with reference to FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b).
  • the operating system requires an additional approval before it is permitted to run the code.
  • a cryptographic key is required which essentially results in an IP license to run the code.
  • the operating system requests the IP license.
  • the operating system verifies that the IP license is signed by the person who authored the code, and then proceeds to decrypt and execute the code.
  • third parties do not have the ability to inspect the code since it is encrypted.
  • the present invention has disclosed a method and apparatus for enhancing software security.
  • the present invention has been described with reference to FIGS. 1-6, it will be apparent that may alternatives, modifications and variations may be made in light of the foregoing description.
  • Public-key cryptosystems separate the capacities for encryption and decryption so that 1) many people can encrypt messages in such a way that only one person can read them, or 2) one person can encrypt messages in such a way that many people can read them. This separation allows important improvements in the management of cryptographic keys and makes it possible to ⁇ sign ⁇ a purely digital message.
  • Challenge and response identification and one-way functions provide protection against two quite different sorts of threats.
  • Challenge and response identification resists the efforts of an eavesdropper who can spy on the communication channel. Since the challenge varies randomly from event to event, the spy is unable to replay it and fool the challenging radar. There is, however, no protection against an opponent who captures the radar and learns its cryptographic keys. This opponent can use what he has learned to fool any other radar that is keyed the same.
  • the one-way function defeats the efforts of an intruder who captures the system password table (analogous to capturing the radar) but succumbs to anyone who intercepts the login message because the password does not change with time.
  • One subscriber can send a private message to another simply by looking up the addressee's public key and using it to encrypt the message. Only the holder of the corresponding secret key can read such a message; even the sender, should he lose the plaintext, is incapable of extracting it from the ciphertext.
  • a subscriber can sign a message by encrypting it with his own secret key.
  • anyone with access to the public key can verify that it must have been encrypted with the corresponding secret key, but this is of no help to him in creating (forging) a message with this property.
  • the first aspect of public-key cryptography greatly simplifies the management of keys, especially in large communication networks.
  • a pair of subscribers In order for a pair of subscribers to communicate privately using conventional end-to-end cryptography, they must both have copies of the same cryptographic key and this key must be kept secret from anyone they do not wish to take into their confidence. If a network has only a few subscribers, each person simply stores one key for every other subscriber against the day he will need it, but for a large network, this is impractical.
  • n(n-1)/2 pairs each of which may require a key.
  • the second aspect makes it possible to conduct a much broader range of normal business practices over a telecommunication network.
  • the availability of a signature that the receiver of a message cannot forge and the sender cannot readily disavow makes it possible to trust the network with negotiations and transactions of much higher value than would otherwise be possible.
  • Merkle's original proposal may have been hard to follow, the idea is quite simple.
  • Merkle's approach is to communicate a cryptographic key from one person to another by hiding it in a large collection of puzzles. Following the tradition in public-key cryptography the parties to this communication will be called Alice and Bob rather than the faceless A and B, X and Y, or I and J, common in technical literature.
  • Each puzzle contains a cryptographic key in a recognizable standard format.
  • the puzzle itself is a cryptogram produced by a block cipher with a fairly small key space. As with the number of puzzles, a million is a plausible number.
  • Bob receives the puzzles, he picks one and solves it, by the simple expedient of trying each of the block cipher's million keys in turn until he finds one that results in plaintext of the correct form. This requires a large but hardly impossible amount of work.
  • Bob uses the key it contains to encrypt a fixed test message, which he transmits to Alice. Alice now tries her million keys on the test message until she finds the one that works. This is the key from the puzzle Bob has chosen.
  • n 2 advantage the legitimate communicators have over the intruder is small by cryptographic standards, but sufficient to make the system plausible in some circumstances.
  • the plaintext of each puzzle is 96 bits, consisting of 64 bits of key together with a thirty-two bit block of zeros that enables Bob to recognize the right solution.
  • the puzzle is constructed by encrypting this plaintext using a block cipher with 20 bits of key. Alice produces a million of these puzzles and Bob requires about half a million tests to solve one. The bandwidth and computing power required to make this feasible are large but not inaccessible.
  • a DS1 (1.544 Mbit) channel it would require about a minute to communicate the puzzles. If keys can be tried on the selected puzzle at about ten-thousand per second, it will take Bob another minute to solve it. Finally, it will take a similar amount of time for Alice to figure out, from the test message, which key has been chosen.
  • the intruder can expect to have to solve half a million puzzles at half a million tries apiece. With equivalent computational facilities, this requires twenty-five million seconds or about a year. For applications such as authentication, in which the keys are no longer of use after communication is complete, the security of this system might be sufficient.
  • Exponential key exchange takes advantage of the ease with which exponentials can be computed in a Galois (finite) field GF(q) with a prime number of q of elements (the numbers ⁇ 0, 1, . . . , q-1 ⁇ under arithmetic modulo q) as compared with the difficulty of computing logarithms in the same field.
  • ⁇ is a fixed primitive element of GF(q) (that is the powers of ⁇ produce all the nonzero elements 1, 2, . . . , q-1 of GF(q)), then X is referred to as the logarithm of Y to the base ⁇ , over GF(q):
  • the arithmetic of exponential key exchange is not restricted to prime fields; it can also be done in Galois Fields with 2 n elements, or in prime product rings 103!, 68!.
  • the ⁇ 2 n ⁇ approach has been taken by several people 64!, 117!, 56! because arithmetic in these fields can be performed with linear shift registers and is much faster than arithmetic over large primes. It has turned out, however, that discrete logarithms can also be calculated much more quickly in ⁇ 2 n ⁇ fields and so the sizes of the registers must be about 50 percent greater.
  • the knapsack problem is fancifully derived from the notion of packing gear into a knapsack.
  • a shipping clerk faced with an odd assortment of packages and a freight container will naturally try to find a subset of the packages that fills the container exactly with no wasted space.
  • the simplest case of this problem, and the one that has found application in cryptography is the one dimensional case: packing varying lengths of fishing rod into a tall thin tube.
  • the algorithm for generating keys therefore chooses a random superincreasing cargo vector a' (with a hundred or more components) and keeps this vector secret. It also generates a random integer m, larger than ⁇ a', and a random integer w, relatively prime to m, whose inverse w -1 mod m will be used in decryption.
  • the public cargo vector or enciphering key a is produced by multiplying each component of a' by w mod m
  • Alice publishes a transposed version of a as her public key, but keeps the transposition, the simple cargo vector a', the multiplier w and its inverse, and the modulus m secret as her private key.
  • This process can be iterated to produce a sequence of cargo vectors with more and more difficult knapsack problems by using transformations (w 1 , m 1 ), (w 2 , m 2 ), etc.
  • the overall transformation that results is not, in general, equivalent to any single (w, m) transformation.
  • the trap-door knapsack system does not lend itself readily to the production of signatures because most elements S of the ciphertext space ⁇ 0 ⁇ S ⁇ a i ⁇ , do not have inverse images. This does not interfere with the use of the system for sending private messages, but requires special adaptation for signature application 71!, 98!. Merkle had great confidence in even the single iteration knapsack system and posted a note on his office offering a $100 reward to anyone who could break it.
  • the RSA cryptosystem is a block cipher in which the plaintexts and ciphertexts are integers between 0 and N-1 for some N. It resembles the exponential key exchange system described above in using exponentiation in modular arithmetic for its enciphering and deciphering operations but, unlike that system, RSA must do its arithmetic not over prime numbers, but over composite ones.
  • the RSA system makes use of the fact that finding large (e.g., 200 digit) prime numbers is computationally easy, but that factoring the product of two such numbers appears computationally infeasible.
  • Alice creates her secret and public keys by selecting two very large prime numbers, P and Q, at random, and multiplying them together to obtain a bicomposite modulus N.
  • She makes this product public together with a suitably chosen enciphering exponent e, but keeps the factors, P and Q secret.
  • exponentiation modulo N The enciphering process of exponentiation modulo N can be carried out by anyone who knows N, but only Alice, who knows the factors of N, can reverse the process and decipher.
  • McEliece's system makes use of the existence of a class of error correcting codes, the Goppa codes, for which a fast decoding algorithm is known. His idea was to construct a Goppa code and disguise it as a general linear code, whose decoding problem is NP-complete. There is a strong parallel here with the trapdoor knapsack system in which a superincreasing cargo vector, whose knapsack problem is simple to solve, is disguised as a general cargo vector whose knapsack problem is NP-complete.
  • the secret key In a knapsack system, the secret key consists of a superincreasing cargo vector v, together with the multiplier w and the modulus m that disguise it; in McEliece's system, the secret key consists of the generator matrix G for a Goppa code together with a nonsingular matrix S and a permutation matrix P that disguise it.
  • Bob multiplies the received message x by p -1 , decodes xp -1 to get a word in the Goppa code and multiplies this by S -1 to recover Alice's data block.
  • McEliece's system has never achieved wide acceptance and has probably never even been considered for implementation in any real application. This may be because the public keys are quite large, requiring on the order of a million bits; it may be because the system entails substantial expansion of the data; or it may be because McEliece's system bears a frightening structural similarity to the knapsack systems whose fate we shall discover shortly.
  • Shamir's original attack was narrow. It seemed that perhaps its only consequence would be to strengthen the knapsack system by adding conditions to the construction rules for avoiding the new attack.
  • the first response of Gustavus J. Simmons, whose work will dominate a later section, was that he could avoid Shamir's attack without even changing the cargo vector merely by a more careful choice of w and m 16!. He quickly learned, however, that Shamir's approach could be extended to break a far larger class of knapsack systems 16!.
  • KDC key distribution center
  • Key distribution protocols vary widely depending on the cost of messages, the availability of multiple simultaneous connections, whether the subscribers have synchronized clocks, and whether the KDC has authority not only to facilitate, but to allow or prohibit, communications.
  • the following example is typical and makes use of an important property of cryptographic authentication. Because a message altered by anyone who does not have the correct key will fail when tested for authenticity, there is no loss of security in receiving a message from the hands of a potential opponent. In so doing, it introduces, in a conventional context, the concept of a certificate--a cryptographically authenticated message containing a cryptographic key-a concept that plays a vital role in modern key management.
  • the KDC responds by sending Alice a pair of certificates. Each contains a copy of the required session key, one encrypted so that only Alice can read it and one so that only Bob can read it.
  • a big improvement in both economy and security can be made by the use of public-key cryptography.
  • a certificate functions as a letter of introduction. In the protocol above, Alice has obtained a letter that introduces her to Bob and Bob alone. In a network using public-key encryption, she can instead obtain a single certificate that introduces her to any network subscriber 62!.
  • the keys that the KDC dispenses are public keys and messages encrypted with these can only be decrypted by using the corresponding secret keys, to which the KDC has no access.
  • a public-key network presents the intruder with a much more difficult problem. Even if the KDC has been corrupted and its secret key is known to opponents, this information is insufficient to read the traffic recorded by a passive wiretap.
  • the KDC's secret key is useful only for signing certificates containing subscribers' public keys: it does not enable the intruders to decrypt any subscriber traffic. To be able to gain access to this traffic, the intruders must use their ability to forge certificates as a way of tricking subscribers into encrypting messages with phony public keys.
  • Each ISDN secure phone has an operating secret-key/public-key pair that has been negotiated with the network's key management facility.
  • the public-key portion is embodied in a certificate signed by the key management facility along with such identifying information as its phone number and location. In the call setup process that follows, the phone uses this certificate to convey its public key to other phones.
  • Each phone checks the signature on the certificate it has received and extracts from it the other phone's public key.
  • each phone displays for its user the identity of the phone with which it is in communication.
  • a host nation wants to assure itself that the monitoring nation can monitor only total yield and does not employ an instrument package capable of detecting staging or other aspects of the weapon not covered by the treaty. If the data from the remote seismic observatory are encrypted, the host country cannot tell what they contain.
  • Digital signatures provided a perfect solution.
  • a digitally signed message from a remote seismic observatory cannot be altered by the host, but can be read.
  • the host country can assure itself that the observatory is not exceeding its authority by comparing the data transmitted with data from a nearby observatory conforming to its own interpretation of the treaty language.
  • the RSA system was the one best suited to signature applications, so Sandia began building hardware to carry out the RSA calculations. In 1979 it announced a board implementation intended for the seismic monitoring application 106!. This was later followed by work on both low- and high-speed chips 89!, 94!.
  • Sandia was not the only hardware builder. Ron Rivest and colleagues at MIT, ostensibly theoretical computer scientists, learned to design hardware and produced a board at approximately the same time as Sandia. The MIT board would carry out an RSA encryption with a one hundred digit modulus in about a twentieth of a second. It was adequate "proof of concept" but too expensive for the commercial applications Rivest had in mind.
  • the system to be replaced employed electronic key distribution that allowed the STU-II to bootstrap itself into direct end-to-end encryption with a different key on every call.
  • a STU-II made a secure call to a terminal with which it did not share a key, it acquired one by calling a key distribution center using a protocol similar to one described earlier.
  • the STU-III is the size of a large conventional telephone and, at about $3000 apiece, substantially cheaper than its predecessor. It is equipped with a two-line display that, like the display of the ISDN secure phone, provides information to each party about the location, affiliation, and clearance of the other. This allows one phone to be used for the protection of information at various security levels.
  • the phones are also sufficiently tamper resistant that unlike earlier equipment, the unkeyed instrument is unclassified.
  • the caller To make a secure call with a STU-III, the caller first places an ordinary call to another STU-III, then inserts a key-shaped device containing a cryptographic variable and pushes a "go secure" button. After an approximately fifteen second wait for cryptographic setup, each phone shows information about the identity and clearance of the other party on its display and the call can proceed.
  • RSA Data Security founded by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman, the inventors of the RSA cryptosystem, to exploit their patent on RSA and develop products based on the new technology.
  • RSA produces a stand-alone software package called Mailsafe for encrypting and signing electronic mail. It also makes the primitives of this system available as a set of embeddable routines called Bsafe that has been licensed to major software manufacturers 9!.
  • Cylink is also first to produce a commercially available RSA chip 7!, 31!.
  • the CY1024 is, despite its name, a 1028 bit exponential engine that can be cascaded to perform the calculations for RSA encryptions on moduli more than sixteen thousand bits long.
  • a single CY1024 does a thousand bit encryption in under half a second-both modulus size and speed currently being sufficient for most applications.
  • the modulus has remained the front runner among attacks on the RSA system. As factoring has improved, the modulus size required for security has more than doubled, requiring the system's users to hunt for larger and larger prime numbers in order to operate the system securely. As the numbers grow larger, faster and faster methods for doing modular arithmetic are required. The result has been not only the development of a technical base for public-key cryptography, but an inspiration and source of support for number theory 61!, 65!.
  • Prime finding has followed a somewhat different course from factoring. This is in part because there are probabilistic techniques that identify primes with sufficient certainty to satisfy all but perhaps the pickiest of RSA users and in part because primality is not in itself a sufficient condition for numbers to be acceptable as RSA factors.
  • the test can be refined by making use of the fact that if n is an odd prime only the numbers 1 and -1 are square roots of 1, whereas if n is the product of distinct odd primes, the number of square roots of unity grows exponentially in the number of factors. If the number n passes the pseudoprime test to base b, it can be further examined to see if ##EQU6## Tests of this kind are called strong pseudoprime tests to base b and very few composite numbers that pass strong pseudoprime tests to more than a few bases are known.
  • the factors of the modulus are not random large primes p, but large primes chosen for particular properties of the factors of p-1 91!, 52!.
  • Rivest 94! multiplication on a fixed word length processor takes time proportional to the square length of the operands or O(k 2 ). If dedicated serial/parallel hardware is constructed for the purpose, this time can be reduced to O(k). In this case, the number of gates required is also proportional to the lengths of the operands, O(k). The fastest implementations 15! run in time O(log k), but here the hardware requirements grow sharply to O(k 2 ) gates.
  • SDNS A network on implementation
  • a protocol providing authentication without key exchange is susceptible to an enemy who waits until authentication is complete and then takes over one end of the communications line. Such an attack is not precluded by a key exchange that is independent of authentication. Key exchange should be linked to authentication so that a party has assurances that an exchanged key (which might be used to facilitate privacy or integrity and thus keep authenticity alive) is in fact shared with the authenticated party, and not an imposter. For these reasons, it is essential to keep key exchange in mind in the design and analysis of authentication protocols.
  • ⁇ ⁇ Braces indicate a hash function.
  • ⁇ x, y ⁇ is the result when a hash function is applied to x concatenated with y.
  • s A Alice's secret key for a signature scheme is Alice's signature on x.
  • s A ⁇ x ⁇ is Alice's signature on the hashed version of x.
  • p A Alice's public key for a signature scheme. If the signature scheme is a public-key cryptosystem, then we define p A ⁇ x ⁇ and p A ,(x) to be Alice's public key encryption function with and without hashing.
  • Cert A Alice's certificate, containing Alice's name (and possibly other information), her public key, and a trusted authority T's signature over this information.
  • Cert A (Alice, p A , . . . , s t ⁇ Alice, p A , . . . ⁇ ).
  • Cert A binds the name Alice to the public key p A . If Alice sends her certificate to Bob and provides evidence that she knows the secret key s A corresponding to p A , then she has provided evidence to Bob that she is in fact Alice.
  • Alice begins by sending the random challenge R A to Bob.
  • Bob responds with his certificate, his signature on R A and a random challenge R B .
  • Alice uses Bob's public key in Cert B to verify Bob's signature, and then responds with her certificate and signature on R B . Finally, Bob verifies Alice's signature.
  • Eve begins by initiating the protocol with Bob.
  • Bob sends the challenge to Eve
  • Eve initiates another instance of the protocol with Alice and gets Alice to sign Bob's challenge.
  • Eve can then complete the authentication with Bob and successfully impersonate Alice.
  • the main problem here is that the challenged party has no influence over what he will sign. (As a general rule, it is better if both parties have some influence over the quantity signed.)
  • the challenger can abuse this protocol to get a signature on any quantity he chooses.
  • a particular instantiation of an authentication protocol is referred to as a run.
  • a successful run two communicating parties, Alice and Bob, exchange a number of messages at the end of which they have assurances of each other's identities and furthermore, optionally share a secret key known only to them. For every completed run, each party either accepts or rejects the other's identity and optionally an exchanged key. In a successful run, the run is completed and both parties accept.
  • the second property of a successful run concerns the records of a protocol run (assuming the participants had each recorded the exchange). To proceed, we require definitions regarding the use of the work match when applied to records of a run (a slightly different definition is given by Bird et al. 5!).
  • Matching Records of Runs We say that two records of a run match if their messages can be partitioned into sets of matching messages (each set containing one message from each record), the messages originated by one participant appear in the same order in both records, and the messages originated by the other participant appear in the same order in both records. For simplicity, we do not consider protocols in which messages need not arrive in the order in which they were sent.
  • a particular run of a protocol is an insecure run if any party involved in the run, say Alice, executes the protocol faithfully, accepts the identity of another party, and either of the following conditions holds:
  • the other party's record of the partial or full run does not match Alice's record.
  • the exchanged key accepted by Alice is known to someone other than the party whose identity Alice accepted. (This condition does not apply to authentication without key exchange.)
  • a secure protocol is a protocol for which the following conditions hold in all cases where one party, say Alice, executes the protocol faithfully and accepts the identity of another party:
  • the other party's record of the partial or full run matches Alice's record.
  • An authenticated key exchange protocol provides perfect forward secrecy if disclosure of long-term secret keying material does not compromise the secrecy of the exchanged keys from earlier runs. The property of perfect forward secrecy does not apply to authentication without key exchange.
  • Direct Authentication In some authenticated key exchange protocols, authentication is not complete until both parties prove knowledge of the shared secret key by using it in subsequent communications. Such a protocol is called indirect. When authentication is established by the end of each protocol run, the protocol is direct. An indirect protocol can be modified to be direct by adding an exchange of known messages or messages with redundancy encrypted with the exchanged key. For authentication without key exchange, an indirect protocol provides no security because neither party can accept the other's identity.
  • Timestamps are convenient for administrative and documentation purposes, it is desirable in practice to avoid relying on their use for security in authentication protocols. Difficulties, precautions, and objections to timestamps are well-documented in the literature 3!, 5!, 13!. For convenience, we summarize the more notable issues below.
  • time window for timestamps To use timestamps for authentication, all parties must maintain local clocks that are periodically synchronized in a secure manner with a reliable source of time. Between synchronizations with the reliable time source, local clocks may drift. Two parties, Alice and Bob, must allow a time window for timestamps to compensate for local clock drift and the fact that messages take time to cross a network. Alice will accept any timestamp from Bob that is within a window around the time on Alice's local clock as long as Bob has not used this particular time value before. Alice can either store all time values used by all other parties that are within her current window (which is impractical in some communications environments) or she can store the latest time used by each party and insist on strictly increasing time values from each party.
  • STS station-to-station
  • the STS protocol has evolved over time; an early version of this work was described at the 1987 International Switching Symposium 21!. We believe that it is secure according to Definition 2 and has a number of other desirable properties. In the remainder of this section, we describe the protocol, discuss its properties, and justify its subtle details by showing how variants of it are vulnerable.
  • the STS protocol consists of Diffie-Hellman key establishment 9!, followed by an exchange of authentication signatures.
  • the parameters used for the key establishment i.e., the specification of a particular cyclic group and the corresponding primitive element ⁇
  • the Diffie-Hellman operation is exponentiation, implying that the underlying group is multiplicative, the description applies equally well to additive groups (e.g., the group of points of an elliptic curve over a finite field).
  • Alice knows Bob's authentic public key, and vice versa; this assumption is dropped in the following section.
  • the protocol begins with one party, Alice, creating a random number x and sending the exponential ⁇ x to the other party, Bob (see diagram below).
  • Bob responds with the exponential ⁇ y and a token consisting of his signature on the exponentials, encrypted with K using a suitable symmetric encryption algorithm E (i.e., E K (s B ⁇ y , ⁇ x ⁇ )).
  • Alice computes K, decrypts the token using K, and verifies Bob's signature using Bob's public key.
  • Alice sends to Bob her corresponding encrypted signature on the exponentials, E K (s A ⁇ x , ⁇ y ⁇ ).
  • Bob similarly verifies Alice's encrypted signature using K and Alice's public key.
  • the security of the exponential key exchange relies on the apparent intractability of the discrete logarithm problem 24!.
  • the STS protocol has the desirable characteristics discussed in Section 4. Rather than using timestamps, challenges are used. Because the parties demonstrate knowledge of the exchanged key by encrypting their signatures, the authentication is direct. The STS protocol also offers perfect forward secrecy. The only long-term secret keying material stored by users is their secret keys for the signature scheme. If a secret key is compromised, the security of exchanged keys from earlier runs is not affected because Diffie-Hellman key exchange is used; Diffie-Hellman key exchange has no long-term keying material. There are two other desirable properties of the STS protocol. The first is that public key techniques are used to make key management simpler and more secure than is possible using conventional cryptography.
  • Eve can compute E 1 (1), and hence can impersonate Alice.
  • this attack applies only to a specific case, it illustrates a more general problem in signing only one's own exponential: if Eve can obtain a quantity for which she can acquire or compute the discrete logarithm, and can acquire or compute Alice's signature on the quantity, then Eve can use (and reuse) this quantity as an exponential to impersonate Alice.
  • Eve can introduce the second exponential into the data to be signed, an adversary is forced to solve a different instance of the problem in real time each time impersonation is attempted.
  • the STS protocol can be reduced to an authentication-only protocol by replacing exponentials with random numbers and removing the encryption on the signatures. If each party were to sign only the other party's exponential, then the authentication-only variant would be subject to the attack on the simple challenge-response outlined in Section 2. Similarly, signing only one's own exponential does not result in a protocol which reduces to a secure authentication-only variation.
  • Eve substitutes her own exponentials for Alice's and Bob's exponentials. This results in Alice and Bob calculating two different keys, both of which can be calculated by Eve.
  • this modified protocol is insecure because while Alice executed the protocol faithfully and accepted Bob's identity, the exchanged key is shared with a different party, Eve. There is a similar problem from Bob's point of view.
  • certificates may be used.
  • a certificate should contain the user's name and the signature of the trusted authority over these data items. The reason for the inclusion of the ( ⁇ , p) pair in the certificate is explained below.
  • the STS protocol is then as follows. To avoid cluttering the formulae the mod p reductions have been omitted.
  • Alice sends her Diffie-Hellman parameters along in the first message; Bob uses these instead of fixed network-wide parameters.
  • Bob verifies that the Diffie-Hellman parameters sent in the first message agree with those actually in Alice's certificate.
  • Bob sends Alice his certificate, from which Alice can extract his authentic public key; Alice verifies authenticity by checking the signature of the trusted authority on Bob's certificate.
  • Alice sends Bob her certificate, allowing Bob to extract her authenticated public key, after similarly verifying the trusted authority's signature on her certificate.
  • Bob does not need Alice's certificate until the third message, and in fact may not wish to receive it earlier, since this may require having to allocate storage to save the certificate until needed upon receipt of the third message.
  • a further reason for Alice to delay sending her certificate until the third message is to allow both Alice and Bob the option to encrypt their certificates with the exchanged key.
  • certificates are, in theory, public information, it may be desirable in some applications to prevent an eavesdropper from seeing them in order to prevent a passive eavesdropper from learning Alice and Bob's identities.
  • Eve knows the exchanged key and after authentication, she is free to both eavesdrop and inject her own messages. Note that Alice and Bob accepted each other's identities, but their records of the run do not match, and the exchanged key is known to a third party; the modified protocol is thus insecure by our definitions, as well as intuitively.
  • Kerberos protocol The popular Kerberos protocol 18!, based on symmetric cryptosystems, has several features which make it somewhat undesirable in various applications. These include the use of timestamps (discussed earlier), the requirement of an on-line authentication server, and redundancies in the protocol itself. These and further issues are discussed by Bellovin and Merritt 3!.
  • the CCITT X.509 recommendation 30! is a very widely known internationally standardized authentication protocol based on public-key cryptography.
  • the one and two-pass X.509 protocols require timestamps, while timestamps are redundant in the three-pass protocol; the specification allows that the timestamp field may be zero in this latter case (making the three-pass protocol practical, although it would be preferable if no field at all had to be allocated for timestamps).
  • Some concerns regarding the protocol are now summarized.
  • the final message of this protocol is Alice's signature on both Bob's challenge and Bob's identity: s A ⁇ R B , Bob ⁇ . 2 This allows Bob to obtain the signature of Alice on a quantity over which Bob has control.
  • a second concern involves the suggested use of the optional encrypted data field in the protocol to accomplish key exchange; this use does not guarantee perfect forward secrecy. 3 A further issue with the use of this field is that there is no guarantee that the sender of the encrypted data actually knows the encrypted data itself, and in fact an adversary can pass off another party's encrypted data as his own 7!, 13!.
  • a third concern 17! is the restriction that the signature system used must be capable of both signing and encrypting data, which rules out many candidate signature schemes including the proposed NIST Digital Signature Algorithm 10!.
  • the authentication-only version of the STS protocol is essentially the same as the three-way protocol currently proposed by ISO 1!.
  • the differences are that the ISO protocol allows redundant copies of the random numbers, optional fields for the identity of the intended recipient of a message, and optional fields for arbitrary text. Due to limitations of authentication-only protocols as discussed earlier, in most applications it is expected that the key establishment functionality of the ISO protocol (provided by the optional text fields both within and outside the signed portion of each message) will be employed. Recalling the concern noted above in X.509, care must be taken in the use of these fields; furthermore, note that their use to transfer encrypted session keys does not guarantee perfect forward secrecy.
  • Eve call Bob pretending to be Alice, sending a challenge to Bob; Eve responds to Bob's counter-challenge by calling Alice and getting her to respond correctly to the challenge; Eve then drops the call with Alice and passes the correct response along to Bob, thus completing the authentication from Bob's point of view.
  • the attack is successful even if the identity of the intended recipient of each message is incorporated within the signed portion of each authentication token, as is optionally permissible in the formal definition of the related ISO protocol. To emphasize this, these principals' identities are included, and annotated with asterisks, in the attack detailed below. For simplicity, certificates are not shown.
  • Authentication and key exchange must be linked. If authentication and key exchange are independent, then an attacker could allow two parties to carry out authentication unhindered, and could take over one party's role in key exchange. This would allow the attacker to impersonate a valid party after authentication and key exchange are completed.
  • Asymmetry in a protocol is desirable. Symmetries in a protocol should be used with caution, due to both the possibility of reflection attacks, and attacks in which responses from one party can be reused within a protocol. As an obvious illustrative example, the authentication responses of each of two parties should not be identical.
  • Messages within a particular protocol run should be logically linked or chained in some manner, to prevent the reuse of previous messages or the introduction of messages from a parallel run.
  • the objective here is to preclude replay attacks and interleaving attacks.
  • Messages should also be linked to the current time frame (e.g., through incorporation of recently generated random numbers).
  • the specific attack detailed in Section 6 is possible due to a lack of such chaining of messages; similarly, the middleperson attack discussed by Gengio et al. 4! is possible in protocols which fail to address this principle.
  • a party carrying out a cryptographic operation should be able to incorporate into the data being operated on a reasonable amount of data which he himself randomly selects.
  • a protocol should not require a party to carry out a cryptographic operation on inputs which may be entirely under the control of an adversary.
  • This "add your own salt” principle is aimed at preventing an adversary from obtaining responses to specific questions he himself may not be able to answer. This should also prevent so-called chosen-ciphertext attacks ( 6, p. 27!).
  • chosen-ciphertext attacks 6, p. 27!
  • Valid signatures should result from the transformation of a message from a message space that is a sparse subset of the domain of the signature function. For example, requiring redundancy, or some other expectation, in the data to be signed, may thwart attacks whereby an adversary attempts to forge new signatures by combining previously obtained valid signatures.
  • the hash function selected to hash the exponentials should produce a result smaller than the maximum size of input allowed to the signature process, to allow redundancy to be added to the hash result before signing.
  • the proposed station-to-station protocol satisfies the above principles, as well as the desirable properties noted in Section 4 (perfect forward secrecy, direct authentication, no requirement of timestamps). Its compatibility with the emerging ISO authentication protocol, and its ability to provide key establishment within this framwork, add to its appeal. Furthermore, the station-to-station protocol uses the minimum number of messages required for a random-number-based challenge-response mutual authentication (three), and requires only one signature generation, one signature verification, and two encryption operations by each party (with an additional signature verification if certificates are used on a per-run basis to bind a user's identity and public key).
  • E K Any appropriate signature scheme may be used in the STS protocol, including the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) recently proposed by NIST 10!. For reasons of practical efficiency, an obvious candidate signature scheme is RSA 26!. Similarly, any appropriate symmetric encryption algorithm may be used. In some applications it may be desirable to avoid the use of an encryption algorithm.
  • MAC message authentication code
  • the receiving party would then verify both the signature and the MAC over the signature. While allowing one to avoid the requirement of an encrypt/decrypt capability (which e.g., both Kerberos and the X.509 protocols require), a disadvantage of this approach is the additional data transfer it entails.
  • Entity Authentication Mechanisms--Part 3 Entity Authentication Using a Public-Key Algorithm (CD 9798-3), November 1991 (ISO/IEC JTCI/SC27 Committee Draft #4).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Technology Law (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
US08/258,244 1994-06-10 1994-06-10 Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software Expired - Lifetime US5724425A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/258,244 US5724425A (en) 1994-06-10 1994-06-10 Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software
EP95303720A EP0686906B1 (de) 1994-06-10 1995-05-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Softwaresicherheit und zur Software-Verteilung
DE69534212T DE69534212T8 (de) 1994-06-10 1995-05-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Softwaresicherheit und zur Software-Verteilung
JP7144507A JPH08166879A (ja) 1994-06-10 1995-06-12 提供用ソフトウェアの安全性強化方法及び装置

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/258,244 US5724425A (en) 1994-06-10 1994-06-10 Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5724425A true US5724425A (en) 1998-03-03

Family

ID=22979711

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/258,244 Expired - Lifetime US5724425A (en) 1994-06-10 1994-06-10 Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5724425A (de)
EP (1) EP0686906B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08166879A (de)
DE (1) DE69534212T8 (de)

Cited By (308)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998034365A1 (en) * 1997-02-05 1998-08-06 At & T Corp. System and method for providing software property assurance to a host
JPH1124919A (ja) * 1997-06-20 1999-01-29 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> 安全な記憶領域でアプリケーション・データを保護する方法及び装置
US5870469A (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-02-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for testing the intactness of stored data in a processing facility for sheet material such as bank notes or papers of value
US5878417A (en) * 1996-11-20 1999-03-02 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for network security in browser based interfaces
US5899983A (en) * 1995-09-26 1999-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for using electronic information services with guarantee of the anonymity of users in relation to the operators of such services
WO1999035583A2 (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-07-15 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for attaching a downloadable security profile to a downloadable
US5933504A (en) * 1995-05-18 1999-08-03 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US5935246A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-08-10 International Computers Limited Electronic copy protection mechanism using challenge and response to prevent unauthorized execution of software
US5943423A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-08-24 Entegrity Solutions Corporation Smart token system for secure electronic transactions and identification
US5946396A (en) * 1996-10-25 1999-08-31 Intel Corporation System and method for ensuring integrity of audio
US5946397A (en) * 1995-10-03 1999-08-31 Gemplus S.C.A. Method of cryptography with public key based on the discrete logarithm
US5949877A (en) * 1997-01-30 1999-09-07 Intel Corporation Content protection for transmission systems
US5950195A (en) * 1996-09-18 1999-09-07 Secure Computing Corporation Generalized security policy management system and method
US5958073A (en) * 1997-05-30 1999-09-28 Motorola, Inc. Reliability enhanced processing system and method for optimizing
US5968136A (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-10-19 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Apparatus and method for secure device addressing
US5999921A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-12-07 Pitney Bowes Inc. Electronic postage meter system having plural clock system providing enhanced security
US6052469A (en) * 1996-07-29 2000-04-18 International Business Machines Corporation Interoperable cryptographic key recovery system with verification by comparison
US6067575A (en) * 1995-12-08 2000-05-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for generating trusted, architecture specific, compiled versions of architecture neutral programs
US6092194A (en) * 1996-11-08 2000-07-18 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US6108425A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-08-22 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the configuration of a cryptographic processor
US6108420A (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-08-22 Channelware Inc. Method and system for networked installation of uniquely customized, authenticable, and traceable software application
US6122372A (en) * 1997-06-04 2000-09-19 Signet Assurance Company Llc System and method for encapsulating transaction messages with verifiable data generated identifiers
US6138119A (en) 1997-02-25 2000-10-24 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Techniques for defining, using and manipulating rights management data structures
US6148404A (en) * 1997-05-28 2000-11-14 Nihon Unisys, Ltd. Authentication system using authentication information valid one-time
US6151648A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-11-21 Jazio, Inc. High speed bus system and method for using voltage and timing oscillating references for signal detection
US6169803B1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2001-01-02 Nec Corporation Encryption key processing system to be incorporated into data recovery system or key setting system for generating encryption key
US6181803B1 (en) 1996-09-30 2001-01-30 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for securely processing biometric information to control access to a node
US6183366B1 (en) 1996-01-19 2001-02-06 Sheldon Goldberg Network gaming system
US6189146B1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2001-02-13 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US6199113B1 (en) * 1998-04-15 2001-03-06 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Apparatus and method for providing trusted network security
US6219423B1 (en) 1995-12-29 2001-04-17 Intel Corporation System and method for digitally signing a digital agreement between remotely located nodes
US6226383B1 (en) * 1996-04-17 2001-05-01 Integrity Sciences, Inc. Cryptographic methods for remote authentication
US6233567B1 (en) * 1997-08-29 2001-05-15 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for software licensing electronically distributed programs
US6253322B1 (en) * 1997-05-21 2001-06-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic certification authentication method and system
US6256393B1 (en) * 1998-06-23 2001-07-03 General Instrument Corporation Authorization and access control of software object residing in set-top terminals
US6263442B1 (en) * 1996-05-30 2001-07-17 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for securing a program's execution in a network environment
US6264560B1 (en) 1996-01-19 2001-07-24 Sheldon F. Goldberg Method and system for playing games on a network
US6272469B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-08-07 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Imaging system protocol handling method and apparatus
US20010016838A1 (en) * 1995-02-08 2001-08-23 Peter Landrock Electronic negotiable documents
US20010020256A1 (en) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-06 Akiyuki Hatakeyama Information processing device and record medium
US6292897B1 (en) * 1997-11-03 2001-09-18 International Business Machines Corporation Undeniable certificates for digital signature verification
US6298153B1 (en) * 1998-01-16 2001-10-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Digital signature method and information communication system and apparatus using such method
US6308270B1 (en) 1998-02-13 2001-10-23 Schlumberger Technologies, Inc. Validating and certifying execution of a software program with a smart card
WO2001080528A2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Next Level Communications Method and apparatus for test and verification of field and terminal equipment
US6311277B1 (en) * 1996-03-22 2001-10-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and device for managing computer network
US6317878B1 (en) * 1996-05-22 2001-11-13 Fujitsu Limited Information processing system and recording media
US20010042043A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2001-11-15 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Cryptographic methods, apparatus and systems for storage media electronic rights management in closed and connected appliances
US20010044820A1 (en) * 2000-04-06 2001-11-22 Scott Adam Marc Method and system for website content integrity assurance
US6324525B1 (en) 1996-06-17 2001-11-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Settlement of aggregated electronic transactions over a network
US6332195B1 (en) 1996-02-09 2001-12-18 Secure Computing Corporation Secure server utilizing separate protocol stacks
US6334118B1 (en) * 1997-07-31 2001-12-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Software rental system and method for renting software
US20020002540A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-03 Microsoft Corporation Method for authenticating and securing integrated bookstore entries
US20020023214A1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2002-02-21 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments
US20020025043A1 (en) * 2000-04-13 2002-02-28 Bao Feng Private retrieval of digital objects
WO2002033884A2 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-25 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a key distribution center
US6381698B1 (en) 1997-05-21 2002-04-30 At&T Corp System and method for providing assurance to a host that a piece of software possesses a particular property
US6385610B1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2002-05-07 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Method and apparatus for identifying and visualizing differences in object model diagrams
US6408075B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-06-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Information processing equipment and IC card
US20020095578A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-07-18 Asahiko Yamada System, method, and program for ensuring originality
US6430606B1 (en) 1998-03-16 2002-08-06 Jazio, Inc. High speed signaling for interfacing VLSI CMOS circuits
US20020108040A1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-08-08 Eskicioglu Ahmet M. Threshold cryptography scheme for conditional access systems
US20020112162A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-15 Cocotis Thomas Andrew Authentication and verification of Web page content
US6442559B1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2002-08-27 Microsoft Corporation Dynamic SKU management
US6449367B2 (en) 1996-08-12 2002-09-10 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels
US20020129270A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Electronic device for providing software protection
US20020144121A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Ellison Carl M. Checking file integrity using signature generated in isolated execution
US20020152173A1 (en) * 2001-04-05 2002-10-17 Rudd James M. System and methods for managing the distribution of electronic content
US20020157091A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-24 Microsoft Corporation Server controlled branding of client software deployed over computer networks
US20020183056A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-05 Laurence Lundblade Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US20020194010A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-19 Bergler Peter M. System and related methods for managing and enforcing software licenses
US20020191785A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2002-12-19 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus and method for encrypting and decrypting data with incremental data validation
US20030005286A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Mcgarvey John R. Methods, systems and computer program products for authentication between clients and servers using differing authentication protocols
US20030005327A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Julian Durand System for protecting copyrighted materials
US20030046244A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2003-03-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Methods for matching, selecting, and/or classifying based on rights management and/or other information
WO2003019459A2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-06 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US20030058477A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-03-27 Brunk Hugh L. Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US20030063139A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Hohberger Clive P. Method and apparatus for associating on demand certain selected media and value-adding elements
US6557105B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2003-04-29 Tut Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for cryptographic-based license management
US6578145B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-10 Gilbarco Inc. Methods and systems for securely communicating personal identification number information between a security module and a plurality of secure keypad devices
US20030110387A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-12 Cowie Neil Andrew Initiating execution of a computer program from an encrypted version of a computer program
US20030120923A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Avaya Technology Corp. Secure data authentication apparatus
US20030123665A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Dunstan Robert A. Secure delivery of encrypted digital content
US20030159045A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2003-08-21 Fujitsu Limited Original creating apparatus and originality guaranteeing apparatus
US20030163431A1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2003-08-28 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20030163427A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-08-28 Nicholas Ho Chung Fung Activity management method
US20030177051A1 (en) * 2003-03-13 2003-09-18 Robin Driscoll Method and system for managing worker resources
US20030194094A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. System and method for secure storage data using a key
US20030196111A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. Attesting to a value of a register and/or memory region
US20030200440A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Paul England Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US6647495B1 (en) * 1997-04-30 2003-11-11 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and method and recording medium
US20030220882A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-27 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US6658568B1 (en) 1995-02-13 2003-12-02 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted infrastructure support system, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management
US6658567B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2003-12-02 Geomechanics International, Inc. Method and logic for locking geological data and an analyzer program that analyzes the geological data
US20030233552A1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2003-12-18 Adrian Baldwin Packaging evidence for long term validation
US6668325B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2003-12-23 Intertrust Technologies Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security
US20040003254A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-01 Masayuki Numao Network system, server and information terminal for list matching
US20040002384A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-01 Multerer Boyd C. Discovery and distribution of game session information
US6675298B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2004-01-06 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Execution of instructions using op code lengths longer than standard op code lengths to encode data
US20040005059A1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2004-01-08 Yoshihiko Suzuki Correspondence education system and correspondence education method
US6678665B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2004-01-13 Fujitsu Siemens Computer Computer system for protecting software and a method for protecting software
US6684389B1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2004-01-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Compiler that decrypts encrypted source code
US6687825B1 (en) 2000-03-17 2004-02-03 International Business Machines Corporation Data processing system and method for protecting data in a hard drive utilizing a signature device
US6700995B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2004-03-02 Digimarc Corporation Applying digital watermarks using dot gain correction
US20040048671A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2004-03-11 Igt Gaming terminal data repository and information distribution system
US20040059922A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-25 Harris Rodney C. Continuous voice recognition for user authentication by a digital transmitting device
US6725378B1 (en) 1998-04-15 2004-04-20 Purdue Research Foundation Network protection for denial of service attacks
US20040109187A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-06-10 Hiroyuki Matsushima Image processing apparatus, image processing method and program
US20040123116A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-24 Hongxia Jin System and Method to Proactively Detect Software Tampering
US6757831B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2004-06-29 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Logic block used to check instruction buffer configuration
US20040133803A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2004-07-08 Rabin Michael O. Methods and apparatus for protecting information
US6763467B1 (en) 1999-02-03 2004-07-13 Cybersoft, Inc. Network traffic intercepting method and system
US20040139097A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2004-07-15 Kinetech, Inc. Identifying data in a data processing system
US6766305B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2004-07-20 Curl Corporation Licensing system and method for freely distributed information
US20040158533A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Steve Messick Simultaneous network news distribution
US20040180721A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2004-09-16 Igt Gaming terminal data repository and information distribution system
US6820200B2 (en) 1997-04-30 2004-11-16 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and method and recording medium
US20040235563A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-11-25 Blackburn Christopher W. Game update service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040242328A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Boot service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040243849A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Authorization service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040243848A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Authentication service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040242331A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Time service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040242329A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040255115A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2004-12-16 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for binding enhanced software features to a persona
US20040260947A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-12-23 Brady Gerard Anthony Methods and systems for analyzing security events
US20040257223A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-23 Intelagents, Inc System and method for monitoring a security of an asset
US20040259633A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-23 Gentles Thomas A. Remote authentication of gaming software in a gaming system environment
US20040259640A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-23 Gentles Thomas A. Layered security methods and apparatus in a gaming system environment
WO2004114242A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-29 Intelagents, Inc. System and method for monitoring and detecting a security threat
US20040266532A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2004-12-30 Blackburn Christopher W. Event management service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040266523A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-30 Gentles Thomas A Secured networks in a gaming system environment
US20040266533A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-30 Gentles Thomas A Gaming software distribution network in a gaming system environment
US20050002533A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Langin-Hooper Jerry Joe Fully secure message transmission over non-secure channels without cryptographic key exchange
US20050005107A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-01-06 Shlomo Touboul Method and system for caching at secure gateways
US20050021477A1 (en) * 1997-01-29 2005-01-27 Ganapathy Krishnan Method and system for securely incorporating electronic information into an online purchasing application
US6850161B1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2005-02-01 Verizon Corporate Services Group Inc. Systems and methods for identifying and mapping conduit location
US20050033663A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2005-02-10 Microsoft Corporation Architecture for an electronic shopping service integratable with a software application
US20050038751A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 Gaetano Arthur Louis System and method for software site licensing
US20050038752A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 Gaetano Arthur Louis System and method for software site licensing
US20050060266A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-03-17 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for limiting the use of user-specific software features
US20050060549A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2005-03-17 Microsoft Corporation Controlling access to content based on certificates and access predicates
US20050071656A1 (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-03-31 Klein Dean A. Secure processor-based system and method
US20050091216A1 (en) * 2003-10-23 2005-04-28 Curl Corporation URL system and method for licensing content
US20050097317A1 (en) * 2000-01-12 2005-05-05 Jonathan Trostle Directory enabled secure multicast group communications
US20050097056A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-05-05 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US20050102240A1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2005-05-12 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US6895501B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2005-05-17 Wrq, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing, interpreting, and storing heterogeneous certificates in a homogenous public key infrastructure
US20050108554A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-05-19 Moshe Rubin Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners
US20050108556A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2005-05-19 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US20050108548A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-19 Yusuke Ohta System and method for verifying validity of a product
US6901510B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2005-05-31 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing and updating group controllers over a wide area network using a tree structure
US20050125658A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2005-06-09 Yoshihiro Tsukamoto Information processing apparatus
US20050160401A1 (en) * 1999-10-16 2005-07-21 Computer Associates Think, Inc. System and method for adding user-defined objects to a modeling tool
US20050182930A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Alcatel Method and a device for transforming an operating system to protect a computer program against attack
US20050182956A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2005-08-18 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted and secure techniques, systems and methods for item delivery and execution
US20050180572A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Graunke Gary L. Apparatus and method for distributing private keys to an entity with minimal secret, unique information
US20050192907A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2005-09-01 Microsoft Corporation Method for interdependently validating a digital content package and a corresponding digital license
US6941457B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2005-09-06 Cisco Technology, Inc. Establishing a new shared secret key over a broadcast channel for a multicast group based on an old shared secret key
US6944765B1 (en) * 1999-12-21 2005-09-13 Qualcomm, Inc. Method of authentication anonymous users while reducing potential for “middleman” fraud
US20050216760A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2005-09-29 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US20050228989A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-13 Shieldip, Inc. Detection and identification methods for software
US20050227768A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2005-10-13 Blackburn Christopher W Gaming network environment having a language translation service
US20050240999A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-10-27 Moshe Rubin Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners for desktop computers
US20050246530A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-11-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Confirmation method of software and apparatus for executing software
US20050251482A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2005-11-10 Content Guard Holdings, Inc. Digital work structure
US6965968B1 (en) 2003-02-27 2005-11-15 Finjan Software Ltd. Policy-based caching
US6970849B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2005-11-29 Microsoft Corporation Inter-server communication using request with encrypted parameter
US6971023B1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2005-11-29 Mcafee, Inc. Authorizing an additional computer program module for use with a core computer program
US20050282638A1 (en) * 2000-11-04 2005-12-22 Igt Dynamic player notices for operational changes in gaming machines
US6981262B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2005-12-27 Microsoft Corporation System and method for client interaction in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US6987855B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2006-01-17 Cisco Technology, Inc. Operational optimization of a shared secret Diffie-Hellman key exchange among broadcast or multicast groups
US20060013400A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-01-19 Sutton James A Ii Method of delivering direct proof private keys in signed groups to devices using a distribution CD
US20060026677A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2006-02-02 Edery Yigal M Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US20060053158A1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2006-03-09 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Techniques for defining, using and manipulating rights management data structures
US7013389B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2006-03-14 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a secure communication channel among multiple event service nodes
US7024554B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2006-04-04 Mindspeed Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods that authorize target devices utilizing proprietary software and/or hardware
US7039713B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2006-05-02 Microsoft Corporation System and method of user authentication for network communication through a policy agent
US20060095774A1 (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-04 Butterfield Bruce D Message file editing process
US7047411B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2006-05-16 Microsoft Corporation Server for an electronic distribution system and method of operating same
US20060107058A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for uniquely and authoritatively identifying tangible objects
US20060106722A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-05-18 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US7051200B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2006-05-23 Microsoft Corporation System and method for interfacing a software process to secure repositories
US7055175B1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2006-05-30 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for generating and using a virus free file certificate integrated within a file
US20060117314A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2006-06-01 Kenji Sato Software execution control system and software execution control program
US20060117181A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-01 Brickell Ernest F Apparatus and method for establishing a secure session with a device without exposing privacy-sensitive information
US20060136747A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-22 Microsoft Corporation Changing product behavior in accordance with license
US20060149968A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2006-07-06 Edery Yigal M Method and system for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US20060161777A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2006-07-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Watermark embedding and detection
US7093119B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2006-08-15 International Business Machines Corporation Methods and computer program products for protecting source code of an interpreted programming language
US7096497B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2006-08-22 Intel Corporation File checking using remote signing authority via a network
US7103185B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-09-05 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing and updating private keys of multicast group managers using directory replication
US20060225030A1 (en) * 1999-10-16 2006-10-05 Deffler Tad A Method and System for Generating Dynamic Comparison Models
US20060236114A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-10-19 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Application program verification system, application program verification method and computer program
US20060242075A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2006-10-26 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Trusted infrastructure support systems, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce, electronic transactions, commerce process control and automation, distributed computing and rights management
US20060242406A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Microsoft Corporation Protected computing environment
US20060271915A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-30 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US20060282899A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Microsoft Corporation System and method for delivery of a modular operating system
US20070011174A1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2007-01-11 Kazuo Takaragi Method and a device for managing a computer network
US20070011453A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-11 Nokia Corporation Establishment of a trusted relationship between unknown communication parties
US20070016770A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-01-18 Dell Products L.P. System and method for managing the initiation of software programs in an information handling system
US7171692B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2007-01-30 Microsoft Corporation Asynchronous communication within a server arrangement
US20070032288A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2007-02-08 Igt Remote configuration of gaming terminals
US7181014B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2007-02-20 Cisco Technology, Inc. Processing method for key exchange among broadcast or multicast groups that provides a more efficient substitute for Diffie-Hellman key exchange
US7181602B1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2007-02-20 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for exchanging at least one secret initial value between a processing station and a chip card
US20070056035A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-03-08 Drew Copley Methods and systems for detection of forged computer files
US20070058802A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2007-03-15 Microsoft Corporation Cryptosystem Based on a Jacobian of a Curve
US20070061594A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-15 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20070064943A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-22 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20070067630A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-22 Dmitry Lenkov Trusted information exchange based on trust agreements
US7197639B1 (en) * 1999-02-05 2007-03-27 Rsa Security Inc. Cryptographic countermeasures against connection depletion attacks
US20070071238A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Research In Motion Limited System and method for providing an indication of randomness quality of random number data generated by a random data service
US20070083656A1 (en) * 1994-05-13 2007-04-12 J2 Global Communications, Inc. Systems and method for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US20070083726A1 (en) * 2003-10-13 2007-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Storage allocation per application
US20070088949A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2007-04-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and Retrieving Data Based on Public Key Encryption
US20070094508A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Harris Corporation Mobile wireless communications device with software installation and verification features and related methods
US7215773B1 (en) 1998-10-14 2007-05-08 Certicom.Corp. Key validation scheme
US20070152854A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Drew Copley Forgery detection using entropy modeling
US20070156602A1 (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-07-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Information distribution apparatus, information processing apparatus, printing apparatus, control method of information distribution apparatus, control method of information processing apparatus, and control program
US20070160202A1 (en) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-12 International Business Machines Corporation Cipher method and system for verifying a decryption of an encrypted user data key
US7260716B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2007-08-21 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method for overcoming the single point of failure of the central group controller in a binary tree group key exchange approach
US20070197298A1 (en) * 2001-02-02 2007-08-23 Igt Wide area program distribution and game information communication system
US20070220116A1 (en) * 2006-03-14 2007-09-20 Anthony Rose Filter for a Distributed Network
US20070226789A1 (en) * 1994-10-12 2007-09-27 Secure Computing Corporation System and method for providing secure internetwork services via an assured pipeline
US20070270212A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2007-11-22 Igt Executing multiple applications and their variations in computing environments
US20070294181A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-12-20 Saurabh Chheda Flexible digital rights management with secure snippets
US7334125B1 (en) 2001-11-27 2008-02-19 Cisco Technology, Inc. Facilitating secure communications among multicast nodes in a telecommunications network
US20080082446A1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2008-04-03 Hicks Christian B Remote Authorization for Unlocking Electronic Data System and Method
US20080122624A1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2008-05-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and system for generating data transaction id
US7386727B1 (en) 1998-10-24 2008-06-10 Encorus Holdings Limited Method for digital signing of a message
US20080183625A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Microsoft Corporation Controlling access to technology based upon authorization
US20080209556A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-08-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method and device for verification of code module in virtual machine
US20080215896A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2008-09-04 Steve Bourne Issuing a Publisher Use License Off-Line in a Digital Rights Management (DRM) System
US7434046B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2008-10-07 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus providing secure multicast group communication
US20080288786A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-11-20 Michael Stephen Fiske System with access keys
US7461249B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2008-12-02 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer platforms and their methods of operation
US20090003606A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Changing the order of public key cryptographic computations
US20090012864A1 (en) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Goldberg Sheldon F Compensation model for network services
US20090028325A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2009-01-29 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement for and method of performing an inversion operation in a cryptographic calculation
US20090034730A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 2009-02-05 Encorus Holdings Limited Process for digital signing of a message
US7493486B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2009-02-17 Verizon Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for supporting cryptographic-related activities in a public key infrastructure
US20090087018A1 (en) * 2003-04-15 2009-04-02 Reed Alastair M Perceptability model applied to watermark signals
US20090119779A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2009-05-07 The Mathworks, Inc. License activation and management
US20090132440A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2009-05-21 Dennis J. Dupray Compensation model for network services
US7539875B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2009-05-26 Microsoft Corporation Secure repository with layers of tamper resistance and system and method for providing same
US20090185681A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2009-07-23 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement and method for rsa key generation
US7567669B2 (en) 1996-05-17 2009-07-28 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US20090313171A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 Microsoft Corporation Electronic transaction verification
US20100004758A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2010-01-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Equipment management system, programmable controller and centralized controller
US20100024044A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2010-01-28 Microsoft Corporation Specifying rights in a digital rights license according to events
US7685425B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2010-03-23 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Server computer for guaranteeing files integrity
US7698227B1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2010-04-13 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for providing traceable acknowledgement of a digital data distribution license
US20100115283A1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2010-05-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for using cryptography to protect secure and insecure computing environments
US20100131272A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Institute For Information Industry Apparatus and method for generating and verifying a voice signature of a message and computer readable medium thereof
US20100203960A1 (en) * 2005-07-20 2010-08-12 Wms Gaming Inc. Wagering game with encryption and authentication
US7844835B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2010-11-30 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20100318804A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2010-12-16 Volkovs Nikolajs Scheme of applying the modified polynomial-based hash function in the digital signature algorithm based on the division algorithm
US20100332848A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2010-12-30 Research In Motion Limited System and method for code signing
CN101593257B (zh) * 2008-05-27 2011-02-16 北京飞天诚信科技有限公司 基于.Net虚拟机的软件保护系统和方法
US8014530B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2011-09-06 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for authenticated, recoverable key distribution with no database secrets
US20110276805A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Aashin Nagpal System and Method for Third Party Creation of Applications for Mobile Appliances
US8079086B1 (en) 1997-11-06 2011-12-13 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
CN101938471B (zh) * 2005-04-22 2012-04-04 林建华 管理公开金钥密码学的公开与秘密金钥对的方法
US8172686B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2012-05-08 Wms Gaming Inc. Configurable wagering game manager
US8176564B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2012-05-08 Microsoft Corporation Special PC mode entered upon detection of undesired state
JP2012088765A (ja) * 2010-10-15 2012-05-10 Hitachi Solutions Ltd プログラム起動制御方法、プログラム起動制御プログラム、携帯端末、ネットワークシステム
CN101436141B (zh) * 2008-11-21 2012-07-18 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 基于数字签名的固件升级、固件封装方法与装置
US8336085B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2012-12-18 Microsoft Corporation Tuning product policy using observed evidence of customer behavior
US8347078B2 (en) 2004-10-18 2013-01-01 Microsoft Corporation Device certificate individualization
US8393001B1 (en) 2002-07-26 2013-03-05 Mcafee, Inc. Secure signature server system and associated method
US20130074168A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Streaming video authentication
USRE44131E1 (en) 1995-06-02 2013-04-02 Fujitsu Limited Storage device having function for coping with computer virus
US20130084974A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2013-04-04 Stephen Byng Password Entry System
US20130104232A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Raytheon Company Appliqué providing a secure deployment environment (sde) for a wireless communications device
US8438645B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2013-05-07 Microsoft Corporation Secure clock with grace periods
USRE44220E1 (en) 1998-06-18 2013-05-14 Zih Corp. Electronic identification system and method with source authenticity
US20130238902A1 (en) * 2002-06-20 2013-09-12 Krimmeni Technologies, Inc. Method and system for control of code execution on a general purpose computing device and control of code execution in a recursive security protocol
US20140059645A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 2014-02-27 Sonicwall, Inc. Query Interface to Policy Server
US8725646B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2014-05-13 Microsoft Corporation Output protection levels
US8732831B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2014-05-20 AVG Netherlands B.V. Detection of rogue software applications
US8781969B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2014-07-15 Microsoft Corporation Extensible media rights
US8818897B1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2014-08-26 Rockstar Consortium Us Lp System and method for validation and enforcement of application security
US8892495B2 (en) 1991-12-23 2014-11-18 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Adaptive pattern recognition based controller apparatus and method and human-interface therefore
US9152779B2 (en) 2011-01-16 2015-10-06 Michael Stephen Fiske Protecting codes, keys and user credentials with identity and patterns
US9219755B2 (en) 1996-11-08 2015-12-22 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US9323951B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Encrypted warranty verification and diagnostic tool
US20160134422A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2016-05-12 Kip Sign P1 Lp System and method for identifying software changes
US9363481B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2016-06-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Protected media pipeline
US9436804B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2016-09-06 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Establishing a unique session key using a hardware functionality scan
US9535563B2 (en) 1999-02-01 2017-01-03 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Internet appliance system and method
US9575906B2 (en) 2012-03-20 2017-02-21 Rubicon Labs, Inc. Method and system for process working set isolation
USRE46439E1 (en) 1997-03-10 2017-06-13 Dropbox, Inc. Distributed administration of access to information and interface for same
US9710617B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2017-07-18 Rubicon Labs, Inc. Method and system for a recursive security protocol for digital copyright control
US9922175B2 (en) 2000-09-21 2018-03-20 Blackberry Limited Controlling access by code
TWI643160B (zh) * 2017-11-16 2018-12-01 國立臺北科技大學 利用權重參數與餘數定義隱寫資料於區塊截斷編碼影像的方法、影像壓縮裝置及電腦可讀取的記錄媒體
US20190102567A1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Intel Corporation Crypto-enforced capabilities for isolation
US10262127B2 (en) 2017-04-05 2019-04-16 General Electric Company Systems and method for securely sharing and executing data and models
KR101979323B1 (ko) * 2017-12-18 2019-05-15 주식회사 캐드서브 소프트웨어 저작권 인증 관리 방법
US20190236269A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 International Business Machines Corporation Detecting third party software elements
US10419217B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2019-09-17 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Security information configuration method, security verification method, and related chip
US10574451B2 (en) * 2017-10-19 2020-02-25 Bank Of America Corporation Method and apparatus for perfect forward secrecy using deterministic hierarchy
USRE47908E1 (en) * 1991-12-23 2020-03-17 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Ergonomic man-machine interface incorporating adaptive pattern recognition based control system
USRE48056E1 (en) * 1991-12-23 2020-06-16 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Ergonomic man-machine interface incorporating adaptive pattern recognition based control system
US10951404B1 (en) * 2020-06-09 2021-03-16 Quantropi Inc. Methods and systems for digital message encoding and signing
US11050735B2 (en) * 2018-08-23 2021-06-29 International Business Machines Corporation Customizable authentication system
US11403685B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2022-08-02 Blackberry Limited Automatic distribution of licenses for a third-party service operating in association with a licensed first-party service
USRE49334E1 (en) 2005-10-04 2022-12-13 Hoffberg Family Trust 2 Multifactorial optimization system and method
US11562073B2 (en) 2018-11-28 2023-01-24 The Boeing Company Systems and methods of software load verification
WO2023014248A1 (en) 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Mohammed Alawi E Geoffrey Methods and systems for verification method to validate documents
US11641347B2 (en) 2021-03-10 2023-05-02 Quantropi Inc. Quantum-safe cryptographic methods and systems

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW313642B (en) * 1996-06-11 1997-08-21 Ibm A uniform mechanism for using signed content
AUPO474997A0 (en) * 1997-01-23 1997-02-20 Commonwealth Bank Of Australia Distribution system with authentication
WO1999015947A1 (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 Hyo Joon Park Software license control system based on independent software registration server
US6567793B1 (en) 1997-12-22 2003-05-20 Christian Bielefeldt Hicks Remote authorization for unlocking electronic data system and method
BE1012292A3 (nl) * 1998-03-26 2000-09-05 Int Management Services Afgeko Werkwijze voor het identificeren van computergegevens, eenheden om deze werkwijze te realiseren, alsmede netwerk dat van deze werkwijze gebruik maakt.
DE19820605A1 (de) * 1998-05-08 1999-11-11 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur sicheren Verteilung von Software
US6138235A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-10-24 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Controlling access to services between modular applications
US6463535B1 (en) * 1998-10-05 2002-10-08 Intel Corporation System and method for verifying the integrity and authorization of software before execution in a local platform
JP3779837B2 (ja) * 1999-02-22 2006-05-31 松下電器産業株式会社 コンピュータ及びプログラム記録媒体
FI990461A0 (fi) * 1999-03-03 1999-03-03 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Menetelmä ohjelmiston lataamiseksi palvelimelta päätelaitteeseen
US6389537B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-05-14 Intel Corporation Platform and method for assuring integrity of trusted agent communications
US6449720B1 (en) * 1999-05-17 2002-09-10 Wave Systems Corp. Public cryptographic control unit and system therefor
WO2001030041A2 (en) * 1999-10-20 2001-04-26 Tomko George J System and method for secure data handling over a network
US6948065B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2005-09-20 Intel Corporation Platform and method for securely transmitting an authorization secret
US20030167407A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Brett Howard Authenticated file loader
US7711957B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2010-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Granting access to a computer-based object
JP4547907B2 (ja) * 2003-12-22 2010-09-22 横河電機株式会社 コントローラ
GB0516471D0 (en) * 2005-08-10 2005-09-14 Symbian Software Ltd Protected software identifiers for improving security in a computing device
EP1879122A1 (de) * 2006-07-10 2008-01-16 ABB Research Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Überprüfung der Authentizität eines aufgerufenen Code-Moduls
US8332635B2 (en) 2007-05-29 2012-12-11 International Business Machines Corporation Updateable secure kernel extensions
US8422674B2 (en) 2007-05-29 2013-04-16 International Business Machines Corporation Application-specific secret generation
US8433927B2 (en) 2007-05-29 2013-04-30 International Business Machines Corporation Cryptographically-enabled privileged mode execution
US8332636B2 (en) 2007-10-02 2012-12-11 International Business Machines Corporation Secure policy differentiation by secure kernel design
FR2922702B1 (fr) 2007-10-17 2010-02-26 Airbus France Securisation de fichiers informatiques telechargeables sur un aeronef basee sur l'identite d'entites, procede d'authenfication, systeme et aeronef associes
JP5052367B2 (ja) * 2008-02-20 2012-10-17 株式会社リコー 画像処理装置、認証パッケージインストール方法、認証パッケージインストールプログラム、及び記録媒体
JP5630261B2 (ja) * 2010-12-27 2014-11-26 日本電気株式会社 コンテンツ管理システム、管理サーバ、コンテンツ管理方法、及びプログラム
FR3113963B1 (fr) * 2020-09-10 2023-06-30 Thales Sa Chaine de confiance avancee en aeronautique domaine de l'invention

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4558176A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-12-10 Arnold Mark G Computer systems to inhibit unauthorized copying, unauthorized usage, and automated cracking of protected software
US4634807A (en) * 1984-08-23 1987-01-06 National Research Development Corp. Software protection device
US4670857A (en) * 1981-10-26 1987-06-02 Rackman Michael I Cartridge-controlled system whose use is limited to authorized cartridges
US5343527A (en) * 1993-10-27 1994-08-30 International Business Machines Corporation Hybrid encryption method and system for protecting reusable software components

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4868877A (en) * 1988-02-12 1989-09-19 Fischer Addison M Public key/signature cryptosystem with enhanced digital signature certification

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670857A (en) * 1981-10-26 1987-06-02 Rackman Michael I Cartridge-controlled system whose use is limited to authorized cartridges
US4558176A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-12-10 Arnold Mark G Computer systems to inhibit unauthorized copying, unauthorized usage, and automated cracking of protected software
US4634807A (en) * 1984-08-23 1987-01-06 National Research Development Corp. Software protection device
US5343527A (en) * 1993-10-27 1994-08-30 International Business Machines Corporation Hybrid encryption method and system for protecting reusable software components

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Davida et al., "Defending Systems Against Viruses through Cryptographic Authentication", IEEE Symposium, 1989, pp. 312-318.
Davida et al., Defending Systems Against Viruses through Cryptographic Authentication , IEEE Symposium, 1989, pp. 312 318. *
RSA Data Security, Inc., "RSA Certificate Services", Jul. 15, 1993, pp. 1-41.
RSA Data Security, Inc., RSA Certificate Services , Jul. 15, 1993, pp. 1 41. *

Cited By (610)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8892495B2 (en) 1991-12-23 2014-11-18 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Adaptive pattern recognition based controller apparatus and method and human-interface therefore
USRE48056E1 (en) * 1991-12-23 2020-06-16 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Ergonomic man-machine interface incorporating adaptive pattern recognition based control system
USRE47908E1 (en) * 1991-12-23 2020-03-17 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Ergonomic man-machine interface incorporating adaptive pattern recognition based control system
US20070083656A1 (en) * 1994-05-13 2007-04-12 J2 Global Communications, Inc. Systems and method for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US7895313B2 (en) 1994-05-13 2011-02-22 Advanced Messaging Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US7730299B2 (en) 1994-10-12 2010-06-01 Secure Computing, Llc System and method for providing secure internetwork services via an assured pipeline
US20070226789A1 (en) * 1994-10-12 2007-09-27 Secure Computing Corporation System and method for providing secure internetwork services via an assured pipeline
US20060106722A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-05-18 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US7788182B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2010-08-31 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Method for loaning digital works
US9727876B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2017-08-08 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for permitting use of content using transfer rights
US20100106659A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2010-04-29 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for enforcing usage rights associated with digital content
US9953328B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2018-04-24 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Method and system for conducting transactions between repositories
US8484751B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2013-07-09 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for permitting use of content
US20060190404A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-08-24 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System for controlling the distribution and use of digital works
US20100106658A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2010-04-29 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for rendering content associated with a digital work
US8170955B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2012-05-01 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for enforcing usage rights associated with digital content
US7809644B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2010-10-05 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Digital work structure
US7664708B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2010-02-16 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System for controlling the distribution and use of digital works using digital tickets
US20130006871A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2013-01-03 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for participating in transactions between computing devices
US20060167801A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-07-27 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Method and apparatus for client customization by executing software parts on plural servers
US20060149680A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-07-06 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System for controlling the distribution and use of digital works
US8671461B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2014-03-11 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System, apparatus, and media for granting access to and utilizing content
US20060129493A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-06-15 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US20050251482A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2005-11-10 Content Guard Holdings, Inc. Digital work structure
US20060200417A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-09-07 Xerox Corporation Method for loaning digital works
US20060129492A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2006-06-15 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US9734506B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2017-08-15 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for controlling utilization of content
US20130006870A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2013-01-03 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for participating in transactions between computing devices
US20100212027A1 (en) * 1994-11-23 2010-08-19 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. System and method for rendering content associated with a digital work
US7970709B2 (en) 1994-11-23 2011-06-28 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Method and apparatus for client customization by executing software parts on plural servers
US7505945B2 (en) * 1995-02-08 2009-03-17 Cryptomathic A/S Electronic negotiable documents
US20010016838A1 (en) * 1995-02-08 2001-08-23 Peter Landrock Electronic negotiable documents
US8185473B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2012-05-22 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted infrastructure support systems, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce, electronic transactions, commerce process control and automation, distributed computing, and rights management
US20040103305A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2004-05-27 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20050182956A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2005-08-18 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted and secure techniques, systems and methods for item delivery and execution
US20060200392A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2006-09-07 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Cryptographic methods, apparatus and systems for storage media electronic rights management in closed and connected appliances
US7917749B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2011-03-29 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US8543842B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2013-09-24 Intertrust Technologies Corporation System and methods for secure transaction management and electronics rights protection
US20060242075A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2006-10-26 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Trusted infrastructure support systems, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce, electronic transactions, commerce process control and automation, distributed computing and rights management
US20050246541A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2005-11-03 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted and secure techniques, systems and methods for item delivery and execution
US7844835B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2010-11-30 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US6658568B1 (en) 1995-02-13 2003-12-02 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Trusted infrastructure support system, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management
US20070064943A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-22 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20070061594A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2007-03-15 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20040123129A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2004-06-24 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Trusted infrastructure support systems, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management
US20010042043A1 (en) * 1995-02-13 2001-11-15 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Cryptographic methods, apparatus and systems for storage media electronic rights management in closed and connected appliances
US8751793B2 (en) 1995-02-13 2014-06-10 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Trusted infrastructure support systems, methods and techniques for secure electronic commerce transaction and rights management
US5870469A (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-02-09 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for testing the intactness of stored data in a processing facility for sheet material such as bank notes or papers of value
US8001096B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2011-08-16 Kinetech, Inc. Computer file system using content-dependent file identifiers
US7945539B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2011-05-17 Kinetech, Inc. Distributing and accessing data in a data processing system
US7949662B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2011-05-24 Kinetech, Inc. De-duplication of data in a data processing system
US7945544B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2011-05-17 Kinetech, Inc. Similarity-based access control of data in a data processing system
US20110231647A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2011-09-22 Kientech, Inc. Accessing data in a content-addressable data processing system
US20070185848A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2007-08-09 Kinetech, Inc. Accessing data in a data processing system
US8082262B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2011-12-20 Personalweb Technologies, LLC Methods, systems, and devices supporting data access in a data processing system
US20110225177A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2011-09-15 Kinetech, Inc. Accessing Data In A Content-Addressable Data Processing System
US20040139097A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2004-07-15 Kinetech, Inc. Identifying data in a data processing system
US7802310B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2010-09-21 Kinetech, Inc. Controlling access to data in a data processing system
US20080065635A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2008-03-13 Kinetech, Inc. Similarity-based access control of data in a data processing system
US8099420B2 (en) 1995-04-11 2012-01-17 Personalweb Technologies, LLC Accessing data in a data processing system
US20110196894A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2011-08-11 Kinetech, Inc. Accessing data in a data processing system
US20050114296A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2005-05-26 Savvis, Inc. Content delivery network and associated methods and mechanisms
US20080066191A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2008-03-13 Kinetech, Inc. Controlling access to data in a data processing system
US20080082551A1 (en) * 1995-04-11 2008-04-03 Kinetech, Inc. Content delivery network
US20070083614A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 2007-04-12 J2 Global Communications, Inc. Systems and method for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US7934148B2 (en) 1995-04-28 2011-04-26 Advanced Messaging Technologies, Inc. Systems and method for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US20070081457A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 2007-04-12 J2 Global Communications, Inc. Systems and method for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US7895306B2 (en) 1995-04-28 2011-02-22 Advanced Messaging Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for storing, delivering, and managing messages
US5933504A (en) * 1995-05-18 1999-08-03 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US6563928B1 (en) 1995-05-18 2003-05-13 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
USRE44131E1 (en) 1995-06-02 2013-04-02 Fujitsu Limited Storage device having function for coping with computer virus
US5899983A (en) * 1995-09-26 1999-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for using electronic information services with guarantee of the anonymity of users in relation to the operators of such services
US5946397A (en) * 1995-10-03 1999-08-31 Gemplus S.C.A. Method of cryptography with public key based on the discrete logarithm
US6067575A (en) * 1995-12-08 2000-05-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for generating trusted, architecture specific, compiled versions of architecture neutral programs
US5943423A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-08-24 Entegrity Solutions Corporation Smart token system for secure electronic transactions and identification
US6219423B1 (en) 1995-12-29 2001-04-17 Intel Corporation System and method for digitally signing a digital agreement between remotely located nodes
US9530150B2 (en) 1996-01-19 2016-12-27 Adcension, Llc Compensation model for network services
US20100235233A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2010-09-16 Beneficial Innovations, Inc. Network gaming system
USRE44566E1 (en) 1996-01-19 2013-10-29 Beneficial Innovations, Inc. Advertising system for the internet and local area networks
USRE44323E1 (en) 1996-01-19 2013-06-25 Beneficial Innovations, Inc. Method and system for playing games on a network
US8065702B2 (en) 1996-01-19 2011-11-22 Beneficial Innovations, Inc. Network advertising and game playing
US20090132440A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2009-05-21 Dennis J. Dupray Compensation model for network services
US6183366B1 (en) 1996-01-19 2001-02-06 Sheldon Goldberg Network gaming system
US6712702B2 (en) 1996-01-19 2004-03-30 Sheldon F. Goldberg Method and system for playing games on a network
US6264560B1 (en) 1996-01-19 2001-07-24 Sheldon F. Goldberg Method and system for playing games on a network
US20090186704A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2009-07-23 Beneficial Innovations, Inc. Network advertising and game playing
US6332195B1 (en) 1996-02-09 2001-12-18 Secure Computing Corporation Secure server utilizing separate protocol stacks
US7139759B2 (en) 1996-03-22 2006-11-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and a device for managing a computer network
US6311277B1 (en) * 1996-03-22 2001-10-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and device for managing computer network
US6226383B1 (en) * 1996-04-17 2001-05-01 Integrity Sciences, Inc. Cryptographic methods for remote authentication
US5935246A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-08-10 International Computers Limited Electronic copy protection mechanism using challenge and response to prevent unauthorized execution of software
US20100014663A1 (en) * 1996-05-17 2010-01-21 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US8229113B2 (en) 1996-05-17 2012-07-24 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US8953787B2 (en) 1996-05-17 2015-02-10 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US8983064B2 (en) 1996-05-17 2015-03-17 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US7567669B2 (en) 1996-05-17 2009-07-28 Certicom Corp. Strengthened public key protocol
US6317878B1 (en) * 1996-05-22 2001-11-13 Fujitsu Limited Information processing system and recording media
US6263442B1 (en) * 1996-05-30 2001-07-17 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for securing a program's execution in a network environment
US6324525B1 (en) 1996-06-17 2001-11-27 Hewlett-Packard Company Settlement of aggregated electronic transactions over a network
US6052469A (en) * 1996-07-29 2000-04-18 International Business Machines Corporation Interoperable cryptographic key recovery system with verification by comparison
US20030041239A1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2003-02-27 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments
US6449367B2 (en) 1996-08-12 2002-09-10 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels
US20020023214A1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2002-02-21 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments
US7925898B2 (en) 1996-08-12 2011-04-12 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments
US8307212B2 (en) 1996-08-12 2012-11-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels
US20060248353A1 (en) * 1996-08-12 2006-11-02 Shear Victor H Systems and methods using cryptography to protect secure computing environments
US6618484B2 (en) 1996-08-12 2003-09-09 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Steganographic techniques for securely delivering electronic digital rights management control information over insecure communication channels
US8533851B2 (en) 1996-08-30 2013-09-10 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US20030163431A1 (en) * 1996-08-30 2003-08-28 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection
US5950195A (en) * 1996-09-18 1999-09-07 Secure Computing Corporation Generalized security policy management system and method
US6181803B1 (en) 1996-09-30 2001-01-30 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for securely processing biometric information to control access to a node
US5946396A (en) * 1996-10-25 1999-08-31 Intel Corporation System and method for ensuring integrity of audio
US6804780B1 (en) 1996-11-08 2004-10-12 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US6092194A (en) * 1996-11-08 2000-07-18 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US9189621B2 (en) 1996-11-08 2015-11-17 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US6154844A (en) * 1996-11-08 2000-11-28 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for attaching a downloadable security profile to a downloadable
US9219755B2 (en) 1996-11-08 2015-12-22 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US6167520A (en) * 1996-11-08 2000-12-26 Finjan Software, Inc. System and method for protecting a client during runtime from hostile downloadables
US9141786B2 (en) 1996-11-08 2015-09-22 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US6480962B1 (en) 1996-11-08 2002-11-12 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for protecting a client during runtime from hostile downloadables
US9444844B2 (en) 1996-11-08 2016-09-13 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US5878417A (en) * 1996-11-20 1999-03-02 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for network security in browser based interfaces
US6169803B1 (en) * 1997-01-24 2001-01-02 Nec Corporation Encryption key processing system to be incorporated into data recovery system or key setting system for generating encryption key
US20050021477A1 (en) * 1997-01-29 2005-01-27 Ganapathy Krishnan Method and system for securely incorporating electronic information into an online purchasing application
US8677494B2 (en) 1997-01-29 2014-03-18 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US5949877A (en) * 1997-01-30 1999-09-07 Intel Corporation Content protection for transmission systems
US6148401A (en) * 1997-02-05 2000-11-14 At&T Corp. System and method for providing assurance to a host that a piece of software possesses a particular property
WO1998034365A1 (en) * 1997-02-05 1998-08-06 At & T Corp. System and method for providing software property assurance to a host
US20060053158A1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2006-03-09 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Techniques for defining, using and manipulating rights management data structures
US20080016103A1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2008-01-17 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Techniques for Defining, Using and Manipulating Rights Management Data Structures
US20080114790A1 (en) * 1997-02-25 2008-05-15 Intertrust Technolgies Corp. Techniques for Defining, Using and Manipulating Rights Management Data Structures
US6138119A (en) 1997-02-25 2000-10-24 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Techniques for defining, using and manipulating rights management data structures
US9438577B2 (en) 1997-03-10 2016-09-06 Dell Software Inc. Query interface to policy server
US9276920B2 (en) 1997-03-10 2016-03-01 Dell Software Inc. Tunneling using encryption
US9331992B2 (en) * 1997-03-10 2016-05-03 Dell Software Inc. Access control
USRE46439E1 (en) 1997-03-10 2017-06-13 Dropbox, Inc. Distributed administration of access to information and interface for same
US20140059646A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 2014-02-27 Sonicwall, Inc. Query Interface to Policy Server
US20140059645A1 (en) * 1997-03-10 2014-02-27 Sonicwall, Inc. Query Interface to Policy Server
US9154489B2 (en) * 1997-03-10 2015-10-06 Dell Software Inc. Query interface to policy server
US6108420A (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-08-22 Channelware Inc. Method and system for networked installation of uniquely customized, authenticable, and traceable software application
US6820200B2 (en) 1997-04-30 2004-11-16 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and method and recording medium
US6647495B1 (en) * 1997-04-30 2003-11-11 Sony Corporation Information processing apparatus and method and recording medium
US5999921A (en) * 1997-04-30 1999-12-07 Pitney Bowes Inc. Electronic postage meter system having plural clock system providing enhanced security
US6381698B1 (en) 1997-05-21 2002-04-30 At&T Corp System and method for providing assurance to a host that a piece of software possesses a particular property
US6253322B1 (en) * 1997-05-21 2001-06-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Electronic certification authentication method and system
US6148404A (en) * 1997-05-28 2000-11-14 Nihon Unisys, Ltd. Authentication system using authentication information valid one-time
US6678665B1 (en) * 1997-05-28 2004-01-13 Fujitsu Siemens Computer Computer system for protecting software and a method for protecting software
US5958073A (en) * 1997-05-30 1999-09-28 Motorola, Inc. Reliability enhanced processing system and method for optimizing
US6122372A (en) * 1997-06-04 2000-09-19 Signet Assurance Company Llc System and method for encapsulating transaction messages with verifiable data generated identifiers
US5968136A (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-10-19 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Apparatus and method for secure device addressing
US6668325B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2003-12-23 Intertrust Technologies Obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security
JP3363379B2 (ja) 1997-06-20 2003-01-08 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション 安全な記憶領域内のアプリケーション・データを保護する方法及び装置
US6175924B1 (en) 1997-06-20 2001-01-16 International Business Machines Corp. Method and apparatus for protecting application data in secure storage areas
JPH1124919A (ja) * 1997-06-20 1999-01-29 Internatl Business Mach Corp <Ibm> 安全な記憶領域でアプリケーション・データを保護する方法及び装置
US6108425A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-08-22 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the configuration of a cryptographic processor
US6334118B1 (en) * 1997-07-31 2001-12-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Software rental system and method for renting software
US6233567B1 (en) * 1997-08-29 2001-05-15 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for software licensing electronically distributed programs
US20090034730A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 2009-02-05 Encorus Holdings Limited Process for digital signing of a message
US7774609B2 (en) 1997-10-28 2010-08-10 First Data Mobile Holdings Limited Process for digital signing of a message
US6292897B1 (en) * 1997-11-03 2001-09-18 International Business Machines Corporation Undeniable certificates for digital signature verification
US20030046244A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2003-03-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Methods for matching, selecting, and/or classifying based on rights management and/or other information
US20050240999A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-10-27 Moshe Rubin Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners for desktop computers
US20050005107A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-01-06 Shlomo Touboul Method and system for caching at secure gateways
US20060149968A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2006-07-06 Edery Yigal M Method and system for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US8225408B2 (en) 1997-11-06 2012-07-17 Finjan, Inc. Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners
US8079086B1 (en) 1997-11-06 2011-12-13 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US7613926B2 (en) 1997-11-06 2009-11-03 Finjan Software, Ltd Method and system for protecting a computer and a network from hostile downloadables
US7975305B2 (en) 1997-11-06 2011-07-05 Finjan, Inc. Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners for desktop computers
US20050108554A1 (en) * 1997-11-06 2005-05-19 Moshe Rubin Method and system for adaptive rule-based content scanners
US7418731B2 (en) 1997-11-06 2008-08-26 Finjan Software, Ltd. Method and system for caching at secure gateways
WO1999035583A2 (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-07-15 Finjan Software, Ltd. System and method for attaching a downloadable security profile to a downloadable
WO1999035583A3 (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-09-16 Finjan Software Ltd System and method for attaching a downloadable security profile to a downloadable
US6298153B1 (en) * 1998-01-16 2001-10-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Digital signature method and information communication system and apparatus using such method
US6308270B1 (en) 1998-02-13 2001-10-23 Schlumberger Technologies, Inc. Validating and certifying execution of a software program with a smart card
US6430606B1 (en) 1998-03-16 2002-08-06 Jazio, Inc. High speed signaling for interfacing VLSI CMOS circuits
US6160423A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-12-12 Jazio, Inc. High speed source synchronous signaling for interfacing VLSI CMOS circuits to transmission lines
US6151648A (en) * 1998-03-16 2000-11-21 Jazio, Inc. High speed bus system and method for using voltage and timing oscillating references for signal detection
US6189146B1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2001-02-13 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US20050102240A1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2005-05-12 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US7171662B1 (en) * 1998-03-18 2007-01-30 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US7809648B2 (en) * 1998-03-18 2010-10-05 Microsoft Corporation System and method for software licensing
US6725378B1 (en) 1998-04-15 2004-04-20 Purdue Research Foundation Network protection for denial of service attacks
US6199113B1 (en) * 1998-04-15 2001-03-06 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Apparatus and method for providing trusted network security
USRE44220E1 (en) 1998-06-18 2013-05-14 Zih Corp. Electronic identification system and method with source authenticity
US6256393B1 (en) * 1998-06-23 2001-07-03 General Instrument Corporation Authorization and access control of software object residing in set-top terminals
US20070011174A1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2007-01-11 Kazuo Takaragi Method and a device for managing a computer network
US7711714B2 (en) 1998-09-22 2010-05-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and a device for sterilizing downloaded files
US8116451B2 (en) 1998-10-14 2012-02-14 Certicom Corporation Key validation scheme
US8594324B2 (en) 1998-10-14 2013-11-26 Certicom Corp. Key validation scheme
US7215773B1 (en) 1998-10-14 2007-05-08 Certicom.Corp. Key validation scheme
US20070147607A1 (en) * 1998-10-14 2007-06-28 Johnson Donald B Key validation scheme
US7711685B1 (en) 1998-10-16 2010-05-04 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Method and system for an extensible macro language
US6385610B1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2002-05-07 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Method and apparatus for identifying and visualizing differences in object model diagrams
US7386727B1 (en) 1998-10-24 2008-06-10 Encorus Holdings Limited Method for digital signing of a message
US7302709B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2007-11-27 Microsoft Corporation Key-based secure storage
US20060021064A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2006-01-26 Microsoft Corporation Key-based secure storage
US20030196085A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. System and method for authenticating an operating system
US7415620B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2008-08-19 Microsoft Corporation System and method for authenticating an operating system to a central processing unit, providing the CPU/OS with secure storage, and authenticating the CPU/OS to a third party
US7434263B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2008-10-07 Microsoft Corporation System and method for secure storage data using a key
US7424606B2 (en) * 1998-10-26 2008-09-09 Microsoft Corporation System and method for authenticating an operating system
US20030196111A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. Attesting to a value of a register and/or memory region
US7356682B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2008-04-08 Microsoft Corporation Attesting to a value of a register and/or memory region
US20050060549A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2005-03-17 Microsoft Corporation Controlling access to content based on certificates and access predicates
US20030196099A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. System and method for secure storage of data using public and private keys
US20030194094A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2003-10-16 Lampson Butler W. System and method for secure storage data using a key
US7543336B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2009-06-02 Microsoft Corporation System and method for secure storage of data using public and private keys
US20070118738A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2007-05-24 Microsoft Corporation System and Method for Authenticating an Operating System to a Central Processing Unit, Providing the CPU/OS with Secure Storage, and Authenticating the CPU/OS to a Third Party
US20070118769A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2007-05-24 Microsoft Corporation System and Method for Authenticating an Operating System to a Central Processing Unit, Providing the CPU/OS with Secure Storage, and Authenticating the CPU/OS to a Third Party
US20070104329A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2007-05-10 Microsoft Corporation System and Method for Authenticating an Operating System to a Central Processing Unit, Providing the CPU/OS with Secure Storage, and Authenticating the CPU/OS to a Third Party
US7529919B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2009-05-05 Microsoft Corporation Boot blocks for software
US7457412B2 (en) 1998-10-26 2008-11-25 Microsoft Corporation System and method for authenticating an operating system to a central processing unit, providing the CPU/OS with secure storage, and authenticating the CPU/OS to a third party
US6901371B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2005-05-31 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Imaging system protocol handling method and apparatus
US6272469B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-08-07 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Imaging system protocol handling method and apparatus
US6988074B2 (en) * 1998-11-25 2006-01-17 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Imaging system protocol handling method and apparatus
US6408075B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-06-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Information processing equipment and IC card
US7181602B1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2007-02-20 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for exchanging at least one secret initial value between a processing station and a chip card
US9535563B2 (en) 1999-02-01 2017-01-03 Blanding Hovenweep, Llc Internet appliance system and method
US6763467B1 (en) 1999-02-03 2004-07-13 Cybersoft, Inc. Network traffic intercepting method and system
US7197639B1 (en) * 1999-02-05 2007-03-27 Rsa Security Inc. Cryptographic countermeasures against connection depletion attacks
US6766305B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2004-07-20 Curl Corporation Licensing system and method for freely distributed information
US7680744B2 (en) * 1999-03-27 2010-03-16 Microsoft Corporation Method for interdependently validating a digital content package and a corresponding digital license
US20050192907A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2005-09-01 Microsoft Corporation Method for interdependently validating a digital content package and a corresponding digital license
US9246916B2 (en) 1999-03-27 2016-01-26 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Specifying rights in a digital rights license according to events
US20100024044A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2010-01-28 Microsoft Corporation Specifying rights in a digital rights license according to events
US7685425B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2010-03-23 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Server computer for guaranteeing files integrity
US6557105B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2003-04-29 Tut Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for cryptographic-based license management
US7073197B2 (en) 1999-05-05 2006-07-04 Shieldip, Inc. Methods and apparatus for protecting information
US20040133803A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2004-07-08 Rabin Michael O. Methods and apparatus for protecting information
US7131144B2 (en) 1999-05-05 2006-10-31 Shieldip, Inc. Methods and apparatus for protecting information
US6442559B1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2002-08-27 Microsoft Corporation Dynamic SKU management
US20050008153A1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2005-01-13 Barton Colleen A. Method and logic for capturing and analyzing conduit data
US6658567B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2003-12-02 Geomechanics International, Inc. Method and logic for locking geological data and an analyzer program that analyzes the geological data
US6578145B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-10 Gilbarco Inc. Methods and systems for securely communicating personal identification number information between a security module and a plurality of secure keypad devices
US20100115283A1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2010-05-06 Intertrust Technologies Corp. Systems and methods for using cryptography to protect secure and insecure computing environments
US6684389B1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2004-01-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Compiler that decrypts encrypted source code
US7996669B2 (en) 1999-08-13 2011-08-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer platforms and their methods of operation
US7461249B1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2008-12-02 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer platforms and their methods of operation
US20090031141A1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2009-01-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Computer platforms and their methods of operation
US7469344B2 (en) * 1999-08-18 2008-12-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Logic block used to check instruction buffer configuration
US6675298B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2004-01-06 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Execution of instructions using op code lengths longer than standard op code lengths to encode data
US6757831B1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2004-06-29 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Logic block used to check instruction buffer configuration
US20050005157A1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2005-01-06 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Logic block used to check instruction buffer configuration
US7181014B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2007-02-20 Cisco Technology, Inc. Processing method for key exchange among broadcast or multicast groups that provides a more efficient substitute for Diffie-Hellman key exchange
US6987855B1 (en) * 1999-09-10 2006-01-17 Cisco Technology, Inc. Operational optimization of a shared secret Diffie-Hellman key exchange among broadcast or multicast groups
US7434046B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2008-10-07 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus providing secure multicast group communication
US7660983B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2010-02-09 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a secure communication channel among multiple event service nodes
US7013389B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2006-03-14 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating a secure communication channel among multiple event service nodes
US7260716B1 (en) 1999-09-29 2007-08-21 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method for overcoming the single point of failure of the central group controller in a binary tree group key exchange approach
US20080082446A1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2008-04-03 Hicks Christian B Remote Authorization for Unlocking Electronic Data System and Method
US20050160401A1 (en) * 1999-10-16 2005-07-21 Computer Associates Think, Inc. System and method for adding user-defined objects to a modeling tool
US20060225030A1 (en) * 1999-10-16 2006-10-05 Deffler Tad A Method and System for Generating Dynamic Comparison Models
US7734457B2 (en) 1999-10-16 2010-06-08 Computer Associates Think, Inc. Method and system for generating dynamic comparison models
US20020129270A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Electronic device for providing software protection
US7039713B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2006-05-02 Microsoft Corporation System and method of user authentication for network communication through a policy agent
US7562395B2 (en) * 1999-12-17 2009-07-14 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US20090293116A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2009-11-26 Microsoft Corporation Accessing Protected Content In A Rights-Management Architecture
US20050188228A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2005-08-25 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US7047411B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2006-05-16 Microsoft Corporation Server for an electronic distribution system and method of operating same
US8032943B2 (en) * 1999-12-17 2011-10-04 Microsoft Corporation Accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US6970849B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2005-11-29 Microsoft Corporation Inter-server communication using request with encrypted parameter
US7707643B2 (en) * 1999-12-17 2010-04-27 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US6996720B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2006-02-07 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US20050108556A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2005-05-19 Microsoft Corporation System and method for accessing protected content in a rights-management architecture
US6944765B1 (en) * 1999-12-21 2005-09-13 Qualcomm, Inc. Method of authentication anonymous users while reducing potential for “middleman” fraud
US7103185B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2006-09-05 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing and updating private keys of multicast group managers using directory replication
US6901510B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2005-05-31 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing and updating group controllers over a wide area network using a tree structure
US7383436B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2008-06-03 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing and updating private keys of multicast group managers using directory replication
US7055175B1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2006-05-30 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for generating and using a virus free file certificate integrated within a file
US20050097317A1 (en) * 2000-01-12 2005-05-05 Jonathan Trostle Directory enabled secure multicast group communications
US7089211B1 (en) 2000-01-12 2006-08-08 Cisco Technology, Inc. Directory enabled secure multicast group communications
US7502927B2 (en) 2000-01-12 2009-03-10 Cisco Technology, Inc. Directory enabled secure multicast group communications
US20010020256A1 (en) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-06 Akiyuki Hatakeyama Information processing device and record medium
US6948072B2 (en) 2000-03-03 2005-09-20 Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Information processing device and record medium
US6895501B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2005-05-17 Wrq, Inc. Method and apparatus for distributing, interpreting, and storing heterogeneous certificates in a homogenous public key infrastructure
US6687825B1 (en) 2000-03-17 2004-02-03 International Business Machines Corporation Data processing system and method for protecting data in a hard drive utilizing a signature device
US7058822B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2006-06-06 Finjan Software, Ltd. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US7647633B2 (en) 2000-03-30 2010-01-12 Finjan Software, Ltd. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US20060026677A1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2006-02-02 Edery Yigal M Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US20010044820A1 (en) * 2000-04-06 2001-11-22 Scott Adam Marc Method and system for website content integrity assurance
US20020025043A1 (en) * 2000-04-13 2002-02-28 Bao Feng Private retrieval of digital objects
US7231047B2 (en) * 2000-04-13 2007-06-12 Agency For Science, Technology And Research (A*Star) Private retrieval of digital objects
WO2001080528A3 (en) * 2000-04-14 2002-07-04 Next Level Comm Method and apparatus for test and verification of field and terminal equipment
WO2001080528A2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Next Level Communications Method and apparatus for test and verification of field and terminal equipment
US20040240704A1 (en) * 2000-04-19 2004-12-02 Reed Alastair M. Applying digital watermarks using printing process correction
US6700995B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2004-03-02 Digimarc Corporation Applying digital watermarks using dot gain correction
US10552603B2 (en) 2000-05-17 2020-02-04 Finjan, Inc. Malicious mobile code runtime monitoring system and methods
US7493486B1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2009-02-17 Verizon Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for supporting cryptographic-related activities in a public key infrastructure
US8826000B2 (en) 2000-06-09 2014-09-02 Verizon Laboratories Inc. Method and apparatus for supporting cryptographic-related activities in a public key infrastructure
US20090138702A1 (en) * 2000-06-09 2009-05-28 Verizon Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for supporting cryptographic-related activities in a public key infrastructure
US20070058802A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2007-03-15 Microsoft Corporation Cryptosystem Based on a Jacobian of a Curve
US20070192397A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2007-08-16 Microsoft Corporation Cryptosystem Based on a Jacobian of a Curve
US7730315B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2010-06-01 Microsoft Corporation Cryptosystem based on a Jacobian of a curve
US7051200B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2006-05-23 Microsoft Corporation System and method for interfacing a software process to secure repositories
US7171692B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2007-01-30 Microsoft Corporation Asynchronous communication within a server arrangement
US20040255115A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2004-12-16 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for binding enhanced software features to a persona
US7958373B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2011-06-07 Microsoft Corporation Secure repository with layers of tamper resistance and system and method for providing same
US7861306B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2010-12-28 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for limiting the use of user-specific software features
US8417968B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2013-04-09 Microsoft Corporation Secure repository with layers of tamper resistance and system and method for providing same
US20050097056A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-05-05 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US20060123025A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2006-06-08 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US7430542B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2008-09-30 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US20050097057A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-05-05 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US7017189B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2006-03-21 Microsoft Corporation System and method for activating a rendering device in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US20110239005A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2011-09-29 Microsoft Corporation Secure Repository With Layers Of Tamper Resistance And System And Method For Providing Same
US7158953B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2007-01-02 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for limiting the use of user-specific software features
US6981262B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2005-12-27 Microsoft Corporation System and method for client interaction in a multi-level rights-management architecture
US7539875B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2009-05-26 Microsoft Corporation Secure repository with layers of tamper resistance and system and method for providing same
US20050060266A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2005-03-17 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for limiting the use of user-specific software features
US6891953B1 (en) 2000-06-27 2005-05-10 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for binding enhanced software features to a persona
US7823208B2 (en) 2000-06-27 2010-10-26 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for binding enhanced software features to a persona
US7634429B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2009-12-15 Microsoft Corporation Architecture for an electronic shopping service integratable with a software application
US6941457B1 (en) 2000-06-30 2005-09-06 Cisco Technology, Inc. Establishing a new shared secret key over a broadcast channel for a multicast group based on an old shared secret key
US7225159B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2007-05-29 Microsoft Corporation Method for authenticating and securing integrated bookstore entries
US20020002540A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-03 Microsoft Corporation Method for authenticating and securing integrated bookstore entries
US20050033663A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2005-02-10 Microsoft Corporation Architecture for an electronic shopping service integratable with a software application
US9922175B2 (en) 2000-09-21 2018-03-20 Blackberry Limited Controlling access by code
US10032007B1 (en) 2000-09-21 2018-07-24 Blackberry Limited Controlling access by code
US10437967B2 (en) 2000-09-21 2019-10-08 Blackberry Limited Code signing system and method
US11030278B2 (en) 2000-09-21 2021-06-08 Blackberry Limited Code signing system and method
US7024554B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2006-04-04 Mindspeed Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods that authorize target devices utilizing proprietary software and/or hardware
US6971023B1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2005-11-29 Mcafee, Inc. Authorizing an additional computer program module for use with a core computer program
WO2002033884A2 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-25 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a key distribution center
US7395549B1 (en) 2000-10-17 2008-07-01 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a key distribution center without storing long-term server secrets
WO2002033884A3 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-11-28 Sun Microsystems Inc Method and apparatus for providing a key distribution center
US8556698B2 (en) 2000-10-19 2013-10-15 Igt Executing multiple applications and their variations in computing environments
US9836918B2 (en) 2000-10-19 2017-12-05 Igt Remote configuration of gaming terminals
US20080045346A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2008-02-21 Igt Remote configuration of gaming terminals
US20040048671A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2004-03-11 Igt Gaming terminal data repository and information distribution system
US20070032288A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2007-02-08 Igt Remote configuration of gaming terminals
US8814650B2 (en) 2000-10-19 2014-08-26 Igt Executing multiple applications and their variations in computing environments
US20070270212A1 (en) * 2000-10-19 2007-11-22 Igt Executing multiple applications and their variations in computing environments
US9754447B2 (en) 2000-10-19 2017-09-05 Igt Dynamic player notices for operational changes in gaming machines
US9251647B2 (en) 2000-10-19 2016-02-02 Igt Remote configuration of gaming terminals
US6850161B1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2005-02-01 Verizon Corporate Services Group Inc. Systems and methods for identifying and mapping conduit location
US7747873B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2010-06-29 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US20050216760A1 (en) * 2000-11-03 2005-09-29 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US8636596B2 (en) 2000-11-04 2014-01-28 Igt Dynamic player notices for operational changes in gaming machines
US20050282638A1 (en) * 2000-11-04 2005-12-22 Igt Dynamic player notices for operational changes in gaming machines
US20020108040A1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-08-08 Eskicioglu Ahmet M. Threshold cryptography scheme for conditional access systems
US7224806B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2007-05-29 Thomson Licensing Threshold cryptography scheme for conditional access systems
US20020095578A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2002-07-18 Asahiko Yamada System, method, and program for ensuring originality
US7100045B2 (en) * 2000-11-22 2006-08-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba System, method, and program for ensuring originality
US20040180721A1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2004-09-16 Igt Gaming terminal data repository and information distribution system
US20070197298A1 (en) * 2001-02-02 2007-08-23 Igt Wide area program distribution and game information communication system
US8540576B2 (en) 2001-02-02 2013-09-24 Igt Wide area program distribution and game information communication system
US20020112162A1 (en) * 2001-02-13 2002-08-15 Cocotis Thomas Andrew Authentication and verification of Web page content
US7096497B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2006-08-22 Intel Corporation File checking using remote signing authority via a network
US20020144121A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Ellison Carl M. Checking file integrity using signature generated in isolated execution
US20020152173A1 (en) * 2001-04-05 2002-10-17 Rudd James M. System and methods for managing the distribution of electronic content
US7904568B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2011-03-08 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for managing the distribution of electronic content
US20100030869A1 (en) * 2001-04-05 2010-02-04 Intertrust Technologies Corporation Systems and methods for managing the distribution of electronic content
US7580988B2 (en) * 2001-04-05 2009-08-25 Intertrust Technologies Corporation System and methods for managing the distribution of electronic content
US7188342B2 (en) 2001-04-20 2007-03-06 Microsoft Corporation Server controlled branding of client software deployed over computer networks
US20020157091A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-24 Microsoft Corporation Server controlled branding of client software deployed over computer networks
US7099663B2 (en) * 2001-05-31 2006-08-29 Qualcomm Inc. Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US20060287958A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2006-12-21 Laurence Lundblade Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US8112076B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2012-02-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US20100173608A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2010-07-08 Laurence Lundblade Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US20020183056A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-05 Laurence Lundblade Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
USRE48001E1 (en) 2001-05-31 2020-05-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US7684792B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2010-03-23 Qualcomm Incorporated Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US8588766B2 (en) 2001-05-31 2013-11-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
US20030233552A1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2003-12-18 Adrian Baldwin Packaging evidence for long term validation
US7107456B2 (en) * 2001-06-04 2006-09-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Packaging evidence for long term validation
US20020191785A1 (en) * 2001-06-14 2002-12-19 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus and method for encrypting and decrypting data with incremental data validation
US7343297B2 (en) 2001-06-15 2008-03-11 Microsoft Corporation System and related methods for managing and enforcing software licenses
US20020194010A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-19 Bergler Peter M. System and related methods for managing and enforcing software licenses
US7809948B2 (en) * 2001-06-19 2010-10-05 International Business Machines Corporation Cellular telephone device having authenticating capability
US20060107058A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for uniquely and authoritatively identifying tangible objects
US20060107060A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Cellular telephone device having authenticating capability
US7783887B2 (en) 2001-06-19 2010-08-24 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for providing television services using an authenticating television receiver device
US7797541B2 (en) * 2001-06-19 2010-09-14 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for providing cellular telephone service using an authenticating cellular telephone device
US20060107057A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for providing television services using an authenticating television receiver device
US20060107059A1 (en) * 2001-06-19 2006-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for providing cellular telephone service using an authenticating cellular telephone device
US7818578B2 (en) 2001-06-19 2010-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for uniquely and authoritatively identifying tangible objects
US20030005327A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Julian Durand System for protecting copyrighted materials
US20030005286A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-02 Mcgarvey John R. Methods, systems and computer program products for authentication between clients and servers using differing authentication protocols
US7287156B2 (en) 2001-06-29 2007-10-23 International Business Machines Corporation Methods, systems and computer program products for authentication between clients and servers using differing authentication protocols
CN101145252B (zh) * 2001-08-24 2010-08-11 Zih公司 媒质保持器和媒质处理系统
US8301886B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2012-10-30 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US7137000B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2006-11-14 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US20060191022A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2006-08-24 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
WO2003019459A3 (en) * 2001-08-24 2004-03-04 Zih Corp Method and apparatus for article authentication
US7664257B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2010-02-16 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
WO2003019459A2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-06 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US20100284531A1 (en) * 2001-08-24 2010-11-11 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US8667276B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2014-03-04 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for article authentication
US6993149B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US20030058477A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-03-27 Brunk Hugh L. Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US6857714B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2005-02-22 Zih Corp. Method and apparatus for associating on demand certain selected media and value-adding elements
US20030063139A1 (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-03 Hohberger Clive P. Method and apparatus for associating on demand certain selected media and value-adding elements
US20050125658A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2005-06-09 Yoshihiro Tsukamoto Information processing apparatus
US20040005059A1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2004-01-08 Yoshihiko Suzuki Correspondence education system and correspondence education method
US7334125B1 (en) 2001-11-27 2008-02-19 Cisco Technology, Inc. Facilitating secure communications among multicast nodes in a telecommunications network
US7346781B2 (en) * 2001-12-06 2008-03-18 Mcafee, Inc. Initiating execution of a computer program from an encrypted version of a computer program
US20030110387A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-12 Cowie Neil Andrew Initiating execution of a computer program from an encrypted version of a computer program
US20030120923A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-06-26 Avaya Technology Corp. Secure data authentication apparatus
US20030123665A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Dunstan Robert A. Secure delivery of encrypted digital content
US7400729B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2008-07-15 Intel Corporation Secure delivery of encrypted digital content
US20030159045A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2003-08-21 Fujitsu Limited Original creating apparatus and originality guaranteeing apparatus
US9286603B2 (en) * 2002-02-27 2016-03-15 Oneempower Pte Ltd Activity management method
US20030163427A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-08-28 Nicholas Ho Chung Fung Activity management method
US20110119500A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2011-05-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US7424612B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2008-09-09 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US20110119505A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2011-05-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US20110154057A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2011-06-23 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US7765397B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2010-07-27 Microsoft Corporation Generating, migrating or exporting bound keys
US8601286B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2013-12-03 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US20110119501A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2011-05-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US20070088946A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2007-04-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and Retrieving Data Based on Symmetric Key Encryption
US20070067624A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2007-03-22 Microsoft Corporation Saving and Retrieving Data Based on Symmetric Key Encryption
US7752456B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2010-07-06 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US9183406B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2015-11-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US7587589B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2009-09-08 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US20070086588A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2007-04-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and Retrieving Data Based on Symmetric Key Encryption
US8621243B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2013-12-31 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US8589701B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2013-11-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US8683230B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2014-03-25 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US7487365B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2009-02-03 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US20030200440A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-23 Paul England Saving and retrieving data based on symmetric key encryption
US7890771B2 (en) 2002-04-17 2011-02-15 Microsoft Corporation Saving and retrieving data based on public key encryption
US20070088949A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2007-04-19 Microsoft Corporation Saving and Retrieving Data Based on Public Key Encryption
US7991995B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2011-08-02 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US20030220882A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2003-11-27 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US7406593B2 (en) * 2002-05-02 2008-07-29 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US20100212019A1 (en) * 2002-05-02 2010-08-19 Shieldip, Inc. Method and Apparatus for Protecting Information and Privacy
US8327453B2 (en) 2002-05-02 2012-12-04 Shieldip, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting information and privacy
US20130238902A1 (en) * 2002-06-20 2013-09-12 Krimmeni Technologies, Inc. Method and system for control of code execution on a general purpose computing device and control of code execution in a recursive security protocol
US9705677B2 (en) * 2002-06-20 2017-07-11 Rubicon Labs, Inc. Method and system for control of code execution on a general purpose computing device and control of code execution in a recursive security protocol
US9710617B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2017-07-18 Rubicon Labs, Inc. Method and system for a recursive security protocol for digital copyright control
US20040002384A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-01 Multerer Boyd C. Discovery and distribution of game session information
US7803052B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-09-28 Microsoft Corporation Discovery and distribution of game session information
US20100317430A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2010-12-16 Microsoft Corporation Discovery and Distribution of Game Session Information
US20040003254A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-01 Masayuki Numao Network system, server and information terminal for list matching
US7979712B2 (en) * 2002-07-01 2011-07-12 International Business Machines Corporation Network system, server and information terminal for list matching
US7093119B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2006-08-15 International Business Machines Corporation Methods and computer program products for protecting source code of an interpreted programming language
US8393001B1 (en) 2002-07-26 2013-03-05 Mcafee, Inc. Secure signature server system and associated method
US20040109187A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2004-06-10 Hiroyuki Matsushima Image processing apparatus, image processing method and program
US7640403B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2009-12-29 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image processing apparatus in which an external application is executed from a storage device
US20040059922A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-25 Harris Rodney C. Continuous voice recognition for user authentication by a digital transmitting device
US20040260947A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2004-12-23 Brady Gerard Anthony Methods and systems for analyzing security events
US20090126014A1 (en) * 2002-10-21 2009-05-14 Versign, Inc. Methods and systems for analyzing security events
US7484207B2 (en) * 2002-12-11 2009-01-27 O'z Co., Ltd. Software execution control system and software execution control program
US20060117314A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2006-06-01 Kenji Sato Software execution control system and software execution control program
US7707429B2 (en) 2002-12-19 2010-04-27 International Business Machines Corporation System and method to proactively detect software tampering
US7305564B2 (en) 2002-12-19 2007-12-04 International Business Machines Corporation System and method to proactively detect software tampering
US20040123116A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-24 Hongxia Jin System and Method to Proactively Detect Software Tampering
US20080066178A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2008-03-13 International Business Machines Corporation System and Method to Proactively Detect Software Tampering
US20040158533A1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2004-08-12 Steve Messick Simultaneous network news distribution
US7069245B2 (en) 2003-02-06 2006-06-27 Business Wire Simultaneous network news distribution
US20080215896A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2008-09-04 Steve Bourne Issuing a Publisher Use License Off-Line in a Digital Rights Management (DRM) System
US8719171B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2014-05-06 Microsoft Corporation Issuing a publisher use license off-line in a digital rights management (DRM) system
US8700535B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2014-04-15 Microsoft Corporation Issuing a publisher use license off-line in a digital rights management (DRM) system
US20040235563A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-11-25 Blackburn Christopher W. Game update service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US6965968B1 (en) 2003-02-27 2005-11-15 Finjan Software Ltd. Policy-based caching
US20040242328A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Boot service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040242329A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US8308567B2 (en) 2003-03-05 2012-11-13 Wms Gaming Inc. Discovery service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040243849A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Authorization service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040243848A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Authentication service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20030177051A1 (en) * 2003-03-13 2003-09-18 Robin Driscoll Method and system for managing worker resources
US20040242331A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-12-02 Blackburn Christopher W. Time service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20040266532A1 (en) * 2003-03-27 2004-12-30 Blackburn Christopher W. Event management service in a service-oriented gaming network environment
US20090087018A1 (en) * 2003-04-15 2009-04-02 Reed Alastair M Perceptability model applied to watermark signals
US8098882B2 (en) 2003-04-15 2012-01-17 Digimarc Corporation Perceptability model applied to watermark signals
US20040259640A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-23 Gentles Thomas A. Layered security methods and apparatus in a gaming system environment
US20040259633A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-23 Gentles Thomas A. Remote authentication of gaming software in a gaming system environment
US20040266533A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-30 Gentles Thomas A Gaming software distribution network in a gaming system environment
US20040266523A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-12-30 Gentles Thomas A Secured networks in a gaming system environment
US20050227768A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2005-10-13 Blackburn Christopher W Gaming network environment having a language translation service
WO2004114242A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-29 Intelagents, Inc. System and method for monitoring and detecting a security threat
US20070008114A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2007-01-11 Intelagents, Inc. System and method for monitoring a security of an asset
US7046138B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2006-05-16 Intelagents, Inc. System and method for monitoring a security of an asset
US20070164858A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2007-07-19 Intelagents, Inc. Global intelligent remote detection system
US7755479B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2010-07-13 Infraegis, Inc. Global intelligent remote detection system
US7209037B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2007-04-24 Infraegis, Inc. System and method for monitoring a security of an asset
US20040257223A1 (en) * 2003-06-17 2004-12-23 Intelagents, Inc System and method for monitoring a security of an asset
US7012520B2 (en) 2003-06-17 2006-03-14 Infraegis, Inc. Global intelligent remote detection system
US20050002533A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Langin-Hooper Jerry Joe Fully secure message transmission over non-secure channels without cryptographic key exchange
US20060161777A1 (en) * 2003-07-11 2006-07-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Watermark embedding and detection
US8738535B2 (en) 2003-08-15 2014-05-27 Inter-Tel (DE) Inc System and method for software site licensing
US20050038751A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 Gaetano Arthur Louis System and method for software site licensing
US20050038752A1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-17 Gaetano Arthur Louis System and method for software site licensing
US20050071656A1 (en) * 2003-09-25 2005-03-31 Klein Dean A. Secure processor-based system and method
US20070186117A1 (en) * 2003-09-25 2007-08-09 Klein Dean A Secure processor-based system and method
US20070083726A1 (en) * 2003-10-13 2007-04-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Storage allocation per application
US7516147B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2009-04-07 Sumisho Computer Systems Corporation URL system and method for licensing content
US20050091216A1 (en) * 2003-10-23 2005-04-28 Curl Corporation URL system and method for licensing content
US20050108548A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-19 Yusuke Ohta System and method for verifying validity of a product
US7802085B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2010-09-21 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for distributing private keys to an entity with minimal secret, unique information
US20050182930A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Alcatel Method and a device for transforming an operating system to protect a computer program against attack
US8639915B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2014-01-28 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for distributing private keys to an entity with minimal secret, unique information
US20050180572A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-08-18 Graunke Gary L. Apparatus and method for distributing private keys to an entity with minimal secret, unique information
US20050246530A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-11-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Confirmation method of software and apparatus for executing software
US7590851B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2009-09-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Confirmation method of software and apparatus for executing software
US8239958B2 (en) 2004-03-31 2012-08-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Confirmation method of software and apparatus for executing software
US20090228880A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2009-09-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Confirmation method of software and apparatus for executing software
US7287159B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2007-10-23 Shieldip, Inc. Detection and identification methods for software
US20050228989A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-13 Shieldip, Inc. Detection and identification methods for software
US7693286B2 (en) * 2004-07-14 2010-04-06 Intel Corporation Method of delivering direct proof private keys in signed groups to devices using a distribution CD
US20060013400A1 (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-01-19 Sutton James A Ii Method of delivering direct proof private keys in signed groups to devices using a distribution CD
US8347078B2 (en) 2004-10-18 2013-01-01 Microsoft Corporation Device certificate individualization
US9336359B2 (en) 2004-10-18 2016-05-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Device certificate individualization
US8200476B2 (en) * 2004-11-04 2012-06-12 Avaya Inc. Message file editing process
US20060095774A1 (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-04 Butterfield Bruce D Message file editing process
US8176564B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2012-05-08 Microsoft Corporation Special PC mode entered upon detection of undesired state
US20060136747A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-06-22 Microsoft Corporation Changing product behavior in accordance with license
US8336085B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2012-12-18 Microsoft Corporation Tuning product policy using observed evidence of customer behavior
US9224168B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2015-12-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Tuning product policy using observed evidence of customer behavior
US7694153B2 (en) 2004-11-15 2010-04-06 Microsoft Corporation Changing product behavior in accordance with license
US20060117181A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-01 Brickell Ernest F Apparatus and method for establishing a secure session with a device without exposing privacy-sensitive information
US8924728B2 (en) 2004-11-30 2014-12-30 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for establishing a secure session with a device without exposing privacy-sensitive information
US20080288786A1 (en) * 2004-12-20 2008-11-20 Michael Stephen Fiske System with access keys
US20060236114A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-10-19 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Application program verification system, application program verification method and computer program
US8332823B2 (en) 2005-04-05 2012-12-11 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Application program verification system, application program verification method and computer program
US8725646B2 (en) 2005-04-15 2014-05-13 Microsoft Corporation Output protection levels
US9363481B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2016-06-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Protected media pipeline
US20060242406A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Microsoft Corporation Protected computing environment
US9436804B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2016-09-06 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Establishing a unique session key using a hardware functionality scan
US9189605B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2015-11-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Protected computing environment
CN101938471B (zh) * 2005-04-22 2012-04-04 林建华 管理公开金钥密码学的公开与秘密金钥对的方法
US8438645B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2013-05-07 Microsoft Corporation Secure clock with grace periods
US8781969B2 (en) 2005-05-20 2014-07-15 Microsoft Corporation Extensible media rights
US20060271493A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-30 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Method and apparatus for executing code in accordance with usage rights
US20060271915A1 (en) * 2005-05-24 2006-11-30 Contentguard Holdings, Inc. Usage rights grammar and digital works having usage rights created with the grammar
US8597122B2 (en) * 2005-05-31 2013-12-03 Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Ltd Password entry system
US20130084974A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2013-04-04 Stephen Byng Password Entry System
US20060282899A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2006-12-14 Microsoft Corporation System and method for delivery of a modular operating system
US8353046B2 (en) 2005-06-08 2013-01-08 Microsoft Corporation System and method for delivery of a modular operating system
US20070011453A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-01-11 Nokia Corporation Establishment of a trusted relationship between unknown communication parties
US8132005B2 (en) * 2005-07-07 2012-03-06 Nokia Corporation Establishment of a trusted relationship between unknown communication parties
US7698227B1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2010-04-13 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for providing traceable acknowledgement of a digital data distribution license
US20070016770A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2007-01-18 Dell Products L.P. System and method for managing the initiation of software programs in an information handling system
US20100203960A1 (en) * 2005-07-20 2010-08-12 Wms Gaming Inc. Wagering game with encryption and authentication
US20110183748A1 (en) * 2005-07-20 2011-07-28 Wms Gaming Inc. Wagering game with encryption and authentication
US8775316B2 (en) 2005-07-20 2014-07-08 Wms Gaming Inc. Wagering game with encryption and authentication
US20070056035A1 (en) * 2005-08-16 2007-03-08 Drew Copley Methods and systems for detection of forged computer files
US20090185681A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2009-07-23 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement and method for rsa key generation
US8265265B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2012-09-11 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement and method for RSA key generation
US8023645B2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2011-09-20 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement for and method of performing an inversion operation in a cryptographic calculation
US20090028325A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2009-01-29 Nxp B.V. Circuit arrangement for and method of performing an inversion operation in a cryptographic calculation
US20070067630A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-03-22 Dmitry Lenkov Trusted information exchange based on trust agreements
US8682795B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2014-03-25 Oracle International Corporation Trusted information exchange based on trust agreements
US20070071238A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Research In Motion Limited System and method for providing an indication of randomness quality of random number data generated by a random data service
US8452970B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2013-05-28 Research In Motion Limited System and method for code signing
US9077524B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2015-07-07 Blackberry Limited System and method for providing an indication of randomness quality of random number data generated by a random data service
US8340289B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2012-12-25 Research In Motion Limited System and method for providing an indication of randomness quality of random number data generated by a random data service
US20100332848A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2010-12-30 Research In Motion Limited System and method for code signing
USRE49334E1 (en) 2005-10-04 2022-12-13 Hoffberg Family Trust 2 Multifactorial optimization system and method
US7953225B2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2011-05-31 Harris Corporation Mobile wireless communications device with software installation and verification features and related methods
US20070094508A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Harris Corporation Mobile wireless communications device with software installation and verification features and related methods
US20070156602A1 (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-07-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Information distribution apparatus, information processing apparatus, printing apparatus, control method of information distribution apparatus, control method of information processing apparatus, and control program
US8818897B1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2014-08-26 Rockstar Consortium Us Lp System and method for validation and enforcement of application security
US20070152854A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Drew Copley Forgery detection using entropy modeling
US20070160202A1 (en) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-12 International Business Machines Corporation Cipher method and system for verifying a decryption of an encrypted user data key
US7499552B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2009-03-03 International Business Machines Corporation Cipher method and system for verifying a decryption of an encrypted user data key
US8775508B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2014-07-08 Altnet, Inc. Filter for a distributed network
US20070220116A1 (en) * 2006-03-14 2007-09-20 Anthony Rose Filter for a Distributed Network
US9098683B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2015-08-04 Global File Systems Holdings, Llc Filter for a distributed network
US8185576B2 (en) 2006-03-14 2012-05-22 Altnet, Inc. Filter for a distributed network
US8014530B2 (en) 2006-03-22 2011-09-06 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for authenticated, recoverable key distribution with no database secrets
US20070294181A1 (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-12-20 Saurabh Chheda Flexible digital rights management with secure snippets
US8311650B2 (en) * 2006-07-13 2012-11-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Equipment management system, programmable controller and centralized controller
US20100004758A1 (en) * 2006-07-13 2010-01-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Equipment management system, programmable controller and centralized controller
CN101473282B (zh) * 2006-07-13 2012-10-17 三菱电机株式会社 设备管理系统、可编程控制器以及集中控制器
US8172686B2 (en) 2006-08-08 2012-05-08 Wms Gaming Inc. Configurable wagering game manager
US8204214B2 (en) * 2006-10-30 2012-06-19 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and system for generating data transaction ID
US20080122624A1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2008-05-29 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Method and system for generating data transaction id
US8356351B2 (en) * 2007-01-19 2013-01-15 International Business Machines Corporation Method and device for verification of code module in virtual machine
US20080209556A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-08-28 International Business Machines Corporation Method and device for verification of code module in virtual machine
US8682800B2 (en) * 2007-01-30 2014-03-25 Microsoft Corporation Controlling access to technology based upon authorization
US20080183625A1 (en) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Microsoft Corporation Controlling access to technology based upon authorization
US20100318804A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2010-12-16 Volkovs Nikolajs Scheme of applying the modified polynomial-based hash function in the digital signature algorithm based on the division algorithm
US7974409B2 (en) * 2007-06-28 2011-07-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Changing the order of public key cryptographic computations
US20090003606A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Changing the order of public key cryptographic computations
US20090012864A1 (en) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Goldberg Sheldon F Compensation model for network services
US20090119779A1 (en) * 2007-11-06 2009-05-07 The Mathworks, Inc. License activation and management
US10013536B2 (en) * 2007-11-06 2018-07-03 The Mathworks, Inc. License activation and management
CN101593257B (zh) * 2008-05-27 2011-02-16 北京飞天诚信科技有限公司 基于.Net虚拟机的软件保护系统和方法
US20090313171A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-17 Microsoft Corporation Electronic transaction verification
CN101436141B (zh) * 2008-11-21 2012-07-18 深圳创维数字技术股份有限公司 基于数字签名的固件升级、固件封装方法与装置
US20100131272A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Institute For Information Industry Apparatus and method for generating and verifying a voice signature of a message and computer readable medium thereof
US9135434B2 (en) * 2010-04-19 2015-09-15 Appcentral, Inc. System and method for third party creation of applications for mobile appliances
US20110276805A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Aashin Nagpal System and Method for Third Party Creation of Applications for Mobile Appliances
JP2012088765A (ja) * 2010-10-15 2012-05-10 Hitachi Solutions Ltd プログラム起動制御方法、プログラム起動制御プログラム、携帯端末、ネットワークシステム
US9152779B2 (en) 2011-01-16 2015-10-06 Michael Stephen Fiske Protecting codes, keys and user credentials with identity and patterns
US8732831B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2014-05-20 AVG Netherlands B.V. Detection of rogue software applications
US9098678B2 (en) * 2011-09-15 2015-08-04 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Streaming video authentication
US20130074168A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Streaming video authentication
US20130104232A1 (en) * 2011-10-25 2013-04-25 Raytheon Company Appliqué providing a secure deployment environment (sde) for a wireless communications device
US9098696B2 (en) * 2011-10-25 2015-08-04 Raytheon Company Appliqué providing a secure deployment environment (SDE) for a wireless communications device
US9575906B2 (en) 2012-03-20 2017-02-21 Rubicon Labs, Inc. Method and system for process working set isolation
US20160134422A1 (en) * 2012-06-29 2016-05-12 Kip Sign P1 Lp System and method for identifying software changes
US9323951B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Encrypted warranty verification and diagnostic tool
US10419217B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2019-09-17 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Security information configuration method, security verification method, and related chip
US11403685B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2022-08-02 Blackberry Limited Automatic distribution of licenses for a third-party service operating in association with a licensed first-party service
US10262127B2 (en) 2017-04-05 2019-04-16 General Electric Company Systems and method for securely sharing and executing data and models
US10706164B2 (en) * 2017-09-29 2020-07-07 Intel Corporation Crypto-enforced capabilities for isolation
US20190102567A1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Intel Corporation Crypto-enforced capabilities for isolation
US11177948B2 (en) * 2017-10-19 2021-11-16 Bank Of America Corporation Method and apparatus for perfect forward secrecy using deterministic hierarchy
US10574451B2 (en) * 2017-10-19 2020-02-25 Bank Of America Corporation Method and apparatus for perfect forward secrecy using deterministic hierarchy
TWI643160B (zh) * 2017-11-16 2018-12-01 國立臺北科技大學 利用權重參數與餘數定義隱寫資料於區塊截斷編碼影像的方法、影像壓縮裝置及電腦可讀取的記錄媒體
KR101979323B1 (ko) * 2017-12-18 2019-05-15 주식회사 캐드서브 소프트웨어 저작권 인증 관리 방법
US20190236269A1 (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-01 International Business Machines Corporation Detecting third party software elements
US11050735B2 (en) * 2018-08-23 2021-06-29 International Business Machines Corporation Customizable authentication system
US11979393B2 (en) 2018-08-23 2024-05-07 Green Market Square Limited Customizable authentication system
US11562073B2 (en) 2018-11-28 2023-01-24 The Boeing Company Systems and methods of software load verification
US10951404B1 (en) * 2020-06-09 2021-03-16 Quantropi Inc. Methods and systems for digital message encoding and signing
US11641347B2 (en) 2021-03-10 2023-05-02 Quantropi Inc. Quantum-safe cryptographic methods and systems
WO2023014248A1 (en) 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Mohammed Alawi E Geoffrey Methods and systems for verification method to validate documents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0686906A3 (de) 1997-08-06
JPH08166879A (ja) 1996-06-25
DE69534212T2 (de) 2006-01-12
DE69534212D1 (de) 2005-06-23
EP0686906A2 (de) 1995-12-13
DE69534212T8 (de) 2006-04-27
EP0686906B1 (de) 2005-05-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5724425A (en) Method and apparatus for enhancing software security and distributing software
Diffie The first ten years of public-key cryptography
Diffie et al. New directions in cryptography
Leighton et al. Secret-key agreement without public-key cryptography
Abe Mix-networks on permutation networks
Pfitzmann Trials of traced traitors
Diffie et al. Authentication and authenticated key exchanges
Clark et al. A survey of authentication protocol literature
Desmedt et al. Weaknesses of undeniable signature schemes
Frankel et al. Parallel reliable threshold multisignature
Bellare et al. Encapsulated key escrow
Alfred et al. Handbook of applied cryptography
Kiayias et al. Extracting group signatures from traitor tracing schemes
Oppliger Cryptography 101: From Theory to Practice
KR20010013155A (ko) 자동 복구가능하고 자동 증명가능한 암호체계들
Oppliger Secure messaging on the internet
Paillier Paillier Encryption and Signature Schemes.
Rueppel A formal approach to security architectures
Nuoskala et al. FE [r] Chain: Enforcing Fairness in Blockchain Data Exchanges Through Verifiable Functional Encryption
Maurer Cryptography 2000±10
Faust et al. Statement-oblivious threshold witness encryption
Diffie et al. 6. New Directions in
Leighton et al. Secret Key Agreement without Public-Key Cryptography
Baek Construction and formal security analysis of cryptographic schemes in the public key setting
Sakuraii et al. A key escrow system with protecting user's privacy by blind decoding

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SUN MICROSYSTEMS, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHANG, SHEUE-LING;GOSLING, JAMES A.;REEL/FRAME:007111/0400;SIGNING DATES FROM 19940711 TO 19940719

AS Assignment

Owner name: SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FIRSTPERSON, INC.;REEL/FRAME:008110/0493

Effective date: 19950630

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 12