US564053A - Aemor plates or the like - Google Patents
Aemor plates or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US564053A US564053A US564053DA US564053A US 564053 A US564053 A US 564053A US 564053D A US564053D A US 564053DA US 564053 A US564053 A US 564053A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- mold
- metal
- plates
- face
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102100000672 SMPX Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060007673 SMPX Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000018062 Taperin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050007169 Taperin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
Definitions
- My invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of armor-plates and the like.
- the process carried out in this apparatus is to effect the decreasing cementation of armor-plates, not upon the plate after the forging of the same, but upon the ingot,which will be transformed into a plate and during the casting of the ingot; not upon the metal in the solid and hammered state, but upon the metal prior to its solidiflcation.
- I utilize the property of carbon of being incorporated with the metal and of hardening it much more easily and rapidly when the metal is liquid than when it is solid.
- I obtain ingots which are very much carburized upon one face and in which the proportion of carbon decreases with the distance from this face and with the approach to the opposite face.
- the carburizing materials employed may be applied to the side of the ingot-mold by any suitable means, either by being molded or packed in'place or in the form of blocks.
- Various devices may likewise be used for eifecting the rapid cooling of one of the sides of the ingot-mold and for preserving its heat at the opposite side on which the carburizing material is provided.
- I utilize for this purpose the differences in the conductibility of materials which constitute the sides of the ingot-mold, Whose emitting powers may also be varied as regards the outer surfaces.
- the castin g of the metal is effected in such a manner that destruction or partial destruction 0f the carbureted side cannot take place.
- Figure l is a vertical section on the line l l of Figs. 2 and 3.
- Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection on line 2 2 of Fig. l
- Fig. 3 is a vertical ⁇ section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
- the ingot-mold is composed of two parts, which are connected together at E and D.
- One of the parts, D F G E forms three vertical sides concave toward the exterior, and is made of cast-iron.
- the other part, D HE constitutes a slab or metallic plate well finished interiorly. Its thickness is greater in the middle H, and it is convex toward the exterior.
- This part may be made either of cast iron or steel or of an alloy of cast-iron and another metal which is abetter conductor than iron, such as copper.
- the bottom of the ingot-mold is made of cast-iron, but-it is of a certain thickness, and a prismatic recess K L M is provided therein throughout itsV width, so as to enable fire-bricks formed with a bevel to be sunk therein.
- the middle brick is the conduit N O P for conveying the metal against the foot of the slab of the ingot-mold.
- a wall Q R made of blocks of carbon, is sunk into masonry S T U V of fire-bricks, filling the corners of the ingot-mold.
- the blocks of carbon have a thickness of at leastforty millimeters.
- the carbon employed is wood charcoal, anthracite, or coke, deprived of ashes as much as possible. According as it is desired to facilitate or diminish the absorp- IOO tion of carbon the thickness of the grains varies from one to four millimeters sidewise.
- the agglomeration is obtained by vmeans of tar freed from its water and from its light oils, or by means of molasses.
- the blocks are subjected to a strong compression in a very regular mold and then freed from the greatest quantity possible of the volatile materials which they contain by any known process of drying or distillation.
- the process which appears to succeed best in practice consists in heating the blocks of coal to a red heat in a closed vessel, so as to free' them completely from the volatile materials which they contain.
- the size of the grains of coal should be about four millimeters.
- the small faces of the blocks should be very regular, they should rest directly one upon the other without interposition of clay grout, no scratch should be produced at the corners, and the blocks should be strong enough to be handled without fear.
- the wall, consisting of blocks of coal is constructed in such a manner that the joints cross each other.
- each block of coal rests upon a bed of clay lV, covering the masonryU V of firebricks which lines the metallic side of the first part of the ingot-mold.
- the parts S T, built of fire-bricks, must terminate in a point, in order to obtain a continuous decrease in the conductibility of the sides, and the space into which the metal is cast constitutes a rectangle. It is easy to obtain the adherence of this masonry to the metal of the ingot-mold by providing in the interior side of the latter dovetail grooves.
- the temperature for the casting should not bc too high.
- the plate is subjected to any suitable process of hardening, for example, either to a hardening with Water or with oil, or even to a variable hardening, the hard face being hardened with water and the soft face with oil, these hardening operations being effected by immersion or by sprinkling, according to the 4hardness which it is desired to obtain on each of the faces.
- any suitable process of hardening for example, either to a hardening with Water or with oil, or even to a variable hardening, the hard face being hardened with water and the soft face with oil, these hardening operations being effected by immersion or by sprinkling, according to the 4hardness which it is desired to obtain on each of the faces.
- a mold for casting metal plates having one wall of carburizin g material, and the wall opposite thereto of metal, and refractory walls of varying thickness back of the carburizing-Wall and at the sides, taperin g from the carburizin g side to the metal side, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
- a mold for casting metal plates having ⁇ one wall provided with an inner face of carburizing material, and being of less l1eat-conducting capacity than the opposite wall, substantially as described.
- a mold for casting metal plates having its inlet for the fluid metal at the bottom and ⁇ having the wall provided with an inner face IOO IIO
Description
(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
v. E. L. DBMENGE. APPARATUS POR MANUFACTURING ARMOR PLATES 0R THE LIKE.
No. 564,053. Patented July 14, 1896.
.70 /ywm wy? M 3 Sheets-Sheet; 2.
(N0 Model.)
V. E. L. DBMENGB. y APPARATUS P0P MANUPAGPUMNG ARMOR PLATES 0R PHP LIKE.
Patented July 14, 1896.
PETERS co. MDT
(No Model.) 3 Sheets-.Sheet 3.
V.E.L.DBMBNGB. A APPARATUS POR MANUFACTURING ARMOR PLATES 0R THE LIKE.'
No. 564,053. Patented July 14', 1896.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
VALRE EMILE LEON DEMENGE, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ARMOR-PLATES ORTHE LIKE.
SPECIFICATION forming'part of Letters 'Patent No. 564,053, dated July 14, 1896.
Application filed May 11894. Serial No. 509,628. (No model.) Patented in England April 9, 1894,No. 7,061.
ratus for the Manufacture of Armor-Plates or the Like, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 7,061, dated April 9,1S94.,) of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of armor-plates and the like.
The process carried out in this apparatus is to effect the decreasing cementation of armor-plates, not upon the plate after the forging of the same, but upon the ingot,which will be transformed into a plate and during the casting of the ingot; not upon the metal in the solid and hammered state, but upon the metal prior to its solidiflcation. I utilize the property of carbon of being incorporated with the metal and of hardening it much more easily and rapidly when the metal is liquid than when it is solid. In the casting I obtain ingots which are very much carburized upon one face and in which the proportion of carbon decreases with the distance from this face and with the approach to the opposite face. For attaining this result it is needful to combine two conditions: iirst, to cover one of the sides of the ingot-mold (that corresponding to the face of the in got which is to be cemented) with a sufficiently thick layer of carburizing materials which may or may not be united by any agglomerating agent; second, to regulate the solidication of the ingot, so that it will take place very rapidly upon one of the faces of the ingot, (that which is designed to absorb the least carbon possible,) next successively from this face to the opposite face, (that which has to be hardened,) and then as slowly as possible on the side of this latter face.
The carburizing materials employed, (pulverized wood, charcoal, coke, anthracite, or the like,) agglomerated by tar, molasses, or other materials, may be applied to the side of the ingot-mold by any suitable means, either by being molded or packed in'place or in the form of blocks. Various devices may likewise be used for eifecting the rapid cooling of one of the sides of the ingot-mold and for preserving its heat at the opposite side on which the carburizing material is provided. For instance, I utilize for this purpose the differences in the conductibility of materials which constitute the sides of the ingot-mold, Whose emitting powers may also be varied as regards the outer surfaces. Moreover, Itake account of the conditions of cooling by radiation and give my ingot-mold the outer form, which is best adapted for obviating too rapid a cooling at the eXtreme parts and at the corners of the mold. I may also change the conditions of cooling in the various parts of the ingot-mold by causing currents of fluids at various temperatures to circulate therein.
The castin g of the metal is effected in such a manner that destruction or partial destruction 0f the carbureted side cannot take place.
In the accompanying drawings I have represented by Way of example an ingot-mold according to my invention.
Figure l is a vertical section on the line l l of Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection on line 2 2 of Fig. l, and Fig. 3 is a vertical `section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
The ingot-mold is composed of two parts, which are connected together at E and D. One of the parts, D F G E, forms three vertical sides concave toward the exterior, and is made of cast-iron. The other part, D HE, constitutes a slab or metallic plate well finished interiorly. Its thickness is greater in the middle H, and it is convex toward the exterior. This part may be made either of cast iron or steel or of an alloy of cast-iron and another metal which is abetter conductor than iron, such as copper. The bottom of the ingot-mold is made of cast-iron, but-it is of a certain thickness, anda prismatic recess K L M is provided therein throughout itsV width, so as to enable fire-bricks formed with a bevel to be sunk therein. In the middle brick is the conduit N O P for conveying the metal against the foot of the slab of the ingot-mold.
` A wall Q R, made of blocks of carbon, is sunk into masonry S T U V of fire-bricks, filling the corners of the ingot-mold. The blocks of carbon have a thickness of at leastforty millimeters. The carbon employed is wood charcoal, anthracite, or coke, deprived of ashes as much as possible. According as it is desired to facilitate or diminish the absorp- IOO tion of carbon the thickness of the grains varies from one to four millimeters sidewise. The agglomeration is obtained by vmeans of tar freed from its water and from its light oils, or by means of molasses. The blocks are subjected to a strong compression in a very regular mold and then freed from the greatest quantity possible of the volatile materials which they contain by any known process of drying or distillation. The process which appears to succeed best in practice consists in heating the blocks of coal to a red heat in a closed vessel, so as to free' them completely from the volatile materials which they contain. However, in order that the blocks thus treated may possess a sufficient strength the size of the grains of coal should be about four millimeters. The small faces of the blocks should be very regular, they should rest directly one upon the other without interposition of clay grout, no scratch should be produced at the corners, and the blocks should be strong enough to be handled without fear. The wall, consisting of blocks of coal, is constructed in such a manner that the joints cross each other. Moreover, each block of coal rests upon a bed of clay lV, covering the masonryU V of firebricks which lines the metallic side of the first part of the ingot-mold. The parts S T, built of fire-bricks, must terminate in a point, in order to obtain a continuous decrease in the conductibility of the sides, and the space into which the metal is cast constitutes a rectangle. It is easy to obtain the adherence of this masonry to the metal of the ingot-mold by providing in the interior side of the latter dovetail grooves.
The thickness of the layer of masonry VU,`
made of fire-bricks placed between the metal of the ingot-mold and the wall consisting of blocks of coal, may be varied according to the slowness with which the part of the ingot directly in contact with the coal is to cool. In like manner the thicknesses of the slab D H E and of the lateral linings S T may be varied according to circumstances. lhen this masonry has been built u p, I subject this iirstpart of the ingot-mold to a drying operation in the stove, which operation must be conducted slowly and with the greatest care.
Before the casting I arrange the in got-mold in the pit, taking care to remove from the slab all the sources of heat which might in-` from 0.10 to 0.15 per cent.) The temperature for the casting should not bc too high.
In certain cases it is advantageous to coat the outer surface of the blocks of coal on the side where the metal will be cast with a grout of molasses mixed with clay or other inert material, for this thin layer will prevent any kind of diffusion at the commencement of the pouring, while disappearing after a certain time for enabling the absorption to take place. Such diffusion or mixing of detached particles of carbon with the mass of metal being cast would result in an effervescence which would agitate the metal and might cause an indiscriminate carburizing throughout the mass. The in got removed from the mold presents on one face a layer of coal adhering to a layer of cast-iron, first very graphitous,then cleaner and cleaner, which in turn adheres to the layer of hard steel. This face must be carefully chipped off withV a chisel to remove the layer of carbon. Next the iugot is placed in a reheating-furnace and heated to the `usual temperature for the forging. The stamp on the press acting upon the sides of the ingot frees it very quickly from the parasitic crust, which falls as easily as ordinary oxid. The ingot is then treated like a homogeneous ingot and transformed into a plate either by forging or by rolling. `Next the plate is subjected to any suitable process of hardening, for example, either to a hardening with Water or with oil, or even to a variable hardening, the hard face being hardened with water and the soft face with oil, these hardening operations being effected by immersion or by sprinkling, according to the 4hardness which it is desired to obtain on each of the faces.
lVhat l claim is-- l. A mold for casting metal plates, the said mold having one wall of carburizin g material, and the wall opposite thereto of metal, and refractory walls of varying thickness back of the carburizing-Wall and at the sides, taperin g from the carburizin g side to the metal side, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. A mold for casting metal plates, having `one wall provided with an inner face of carburizing material, and being of less l1eat-conducting capacity than the opposite wall, substantially as described.
3. A mold for casting metal plates, having its inlet for the fluid metal at the bottom and `having the wall provided with an inner face IOO IIO
lined With a refractory masonry of variable thickness, and further lined, on the part next the side of the ingot to be hardened With a Wall of carburizing material, the form of the iron envelop being such that the refractory lining is smaller in the transverse vertical plane passing through the center of the mold and thicker at the parts corresponding to the edges of the ingot at the side to be carburized,
1o whereby the swiftness of coolin g by radiation is uniform in all points of each layer of metal parallel to the carburizing-Wall.
In testimonyv whereof I have signed my name to this specication in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.
VALRE EMILE LEON DEMENGE.
Witnesses z LEON FRANCKENS, CLYDE SHROPSHIRE.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US564053A true US564053A (en) | 1896-07-14 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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US564053D Expired - Lifetime US564053A (en) | Aemor plates or the like |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US564053A (en) |
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- US US564053D patent/US564053A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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