US205351A - Improvement in treating cast-steel ingots - Google Patents
Improvement in treating cast-steel ingots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US205351A US205351A US205351DA US205351A US 205351 A US205351 A US 205351A US 205351D A US205351D A US 205351DA US 205351 A US205351 A US 205351A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- ingots
- heat
- cast
- improvement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100016838 AXIN2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101700047552 AXIN2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
Definitions
- Steel ingots are usually cast in iron molds, from which, when they are sufficiently solid, they are turned out and allowed to cool down. In doing so it has been found that the outer part of the ingot, by being in contact with the air, will cool very rapidly, while the internal part will still remain in a liquid state, or at any rate at a very high temperature, for some time. The consequence is that. if the ingot be broken when cold, it will be found that the crystallization of the central part of the ingot Will present a very different appearance from that of the parts nearer the surface. If, therefore, an ingot, just as it comes from mold, were subjected to either of the operations of rolling, hammering, or forging, for the purpose of converting it into.
- Our invention removes the obections hereinbefore cited in a simpler and more perfect manner, and brings the ingots to a uniform temperature throughout theirmass, suitable for rolling, hammering, or forging purposes, Without subjectingthe ingots to the act-ion of a reheatingfuruace.
- the buried ingot is thus left until it is found that the inner part of the illgot has given up so much of its superfluous heat to the exterior as to cause an approximately uniform distribution of the heat throughout the whole ingot, which latter is then ready to be rolled, hammered, or forged into bars, plates, rails, or other articles without any further preparatory treatment.
- Figure 1 is a sectional plan view
- Fig. 2 is a longi- In earryin g out the invention We proceed as tudinal vertical section, of one form of apparatus we employ for carrying our invention into effect.
- the box consists of a rectangular metal box, a a, mounted on wheels 12 b, for the convenience of moving it about either on rails or otherwise. It may also be provided with an airtight cover, 0, if desired.
- the box is subdivided into compartments by the vertical partitions d d, each compartment being capable of containing two ingots, e 6, together with their packing of pulverized charcoal or equivalent material ff f 1 f f f
- an ingot has been cast and has become solirle-nough to admit of handling, it is removed from the molds and placed quickly in one of the compartments of the box a, on the bottom of which a layer of pulverized charcoal or any other suitable pulverized non-conducting m aterial, f has been previously placed as a bed to receive it.
- the chamber a into compartments by means of the fixed vertical partitions d. This is done for the sake of convenience, so that the workman can remove the ingots from one compartment without disturbing or interfering with those in the adjoining one.
- these partitions may be dispensed with altogether, and the box may be a simple rectangular vessel of suitable size to contain a convenient number of ingots; or apit may be employed to receive the ingots.
- This pit like the box, should be lined with fire-clay, and it may be conveniently situated between the Bessemer converters (or the spot where the ingots are cast) and the rolling mechanism.
- the length of time which the cast ingot should remain buried in. the pulverized charcoal or bad conductor of heat in order to equalize or approximately equalize the temperature throughout the whole mass will, of course, depend upon the size of the ingot and other conditions of it. From experiment, however, we have found that about fifteen minutes (more or less) is, in a general way, sufficiently longbutit may belonger Without detrimentfor a cast ingot measuring, say, about twelve inches square at the bottom and eleven inches square at the top, and weighing about thirteen hundredweight, to remain buried in the pulverized charcoal or non-conducting material to approximately equalize the heat throughout it and bring it to the right temperature for rolling, hammering, or forging.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
B. E. GAMMELL & J. DUFFIELD. Treating Cast Steel Ingot.
No. 205,351. Patented June 25,1878.
ILPETERs, FHOTOLITNOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON, n C.
UNITED STAT S PATENT QFFIGE.
BERNARD E. oAMMELL, or sHE FIELD,-AND JAMEs DUFFIELD, or
i DRONFIELD, ENGLAND.
IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING CAST-STEELINGOTS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No.
205,351, dated June 25,1878 application filed January 22, 1878.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that we, BERNARD EDWARD OAMMELL, of Sheflield, in the county of York, and J AMEs DUFFIELD, of Dronfield, in the county of Derby, England, have invented an improved method of treating cast steel or other ingots preparatory to rolling, hammering, or forging them-into any desired form, of which the following is a specification:
Steel ingots are usually cast in iron molds, from which, when they are sufficiently solid, they are turned out and allowed to cool down. In doing so it has been found that the outer part of the ingot, by being in contact with the air, will cool very rapidly, while the internal part will still remain in a liquid state, or at any rate at a very high temperature, for some time. The consequence is that. if the ingot be broken when cold, it will be found that the crystallization of the central part of the ingot Will present a very different appearance from that of the parts nearer the surface. If, therefore, an ingot, just as it comes from mold, were subjected to either of the operations of rolling, hammering, or forging, for the purpose of converting it into. sheets, plates, rails, bars, or other forms, the result would be very unsatisfactory, owing to the want of uniformity in the heat, and crystallization of the metal through the ingot. This is well known to iron and steel manufacturers, and therefore the usual practice is to submit the ingots to a heating-furnace before subjecting them tothe operations of rolling, hammering, and forging.
By thus reheating the ingotits temperature is rendered uniform, or practically so, throughout the whole mass, and it is ready for the operations of rolling, hammering, or forging. This reheating of the ingots, however, requires a considerable amount of fuel and an increase of plant, thereby adding materially to the manufacturing expenses.
These objections it has before been proposed to remove in part, and to preserve the heat in the ingot as the latter is taken from the mold, and to utilize said heat for the after manipulation or working of the ingot by inclosing the ingot, as it is taken from the mold, in a chamber or furnace of fire-resisting material, or having a charcoal or other special the iron fire-resisting lining, and thereby to prevent the heat due to the casting of the ingot from radiating from the external part of the ingot, and so preserving the temperature of the ingot until its interior is set and the time has arrived for rolling or otherwise working the ingot. Our invention, however, removes the obections hereinbefore cited in a simpler and more perfect manner, and brings the ingots to a uniform temperature throughout theirmass, suitable for rolling, hammering, or forging purposes, Without subjectingthe ingots to the act-ion of a reheatingfuruace. This is effected by embedding or burying the hot ingots, as they are taken from their molds, in some pulverized material which is a bad conductor of heat, thereby completely excludin g the air from theingots, whilethe heat from theinterior of the ingot is allowed to radiate toward the exterior and raise the temperature of the cooler parts of the ingot until the heat throughout the mass is equalized and a proper temperature is obtained for the ingot throughout its whole body to admit of its being rolled, hammered, or forged into bars, rails, plates, or other articles, without the use of a reheating-furnace or specially lined and constructed chambers of fire-resistin g material.
follows: When an ingot has been cast by pouring the molten metal into the iron mold in the usual manner, it is allowed to remain in the mold a short timethat is, until it has become sufficiently solid to handle. It is then released from its mold and immediately placed in an iron box or other receptacle containing charcoal or other suitable non-conductin g material in a pulverized state, and covered with this substance so as to completely exclude the air therefrom. The buried ingot is thus left until it is found that the inner part of the illgot has given up so much of its superfluous heat to the exterior as to cause an approximately uniform distribution of the heat throughout the whole ingot, which latter is then ready to be rolled, hammered, or forged into bars, plates, rails, or other articles without any further preparatory treatment.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional plan view, and Fig. 2 is a longi- In earryin g out the invention We proceed as tudinal vertical section, of one form of apparatus we employ for carrying our invention into effect.
It consists of a rectangular metal box, a a, mounted on wheels 12 b, for the convenience of moving it about either on rails or otherwise. It may also be provided with an airtight cover, 0, if desired. The box is subdivided into compartments by the vertical partitions d d, each compartment being capable of containing two ingots, e 6, together with their packing of pulverized charcoal or equivalent material ff f 1 f f f When an ingot has been cast and has become solirle-nough to admit of handling, it is removed from the molds and placed quickly in one of the compartments of the box a, on the bottom of which a layer of pulverized charcoal or any other suitable pulverized non-conducting m aterial, f has been previously placed as a bed to receive it. As quickly as possible another ingot is placed 011 the first, and, the spaces between the ingots and the sides of the compartments having been filled with the same pulverized non-conducting material as shown at ff, the two ingots are covered in with a layer, f, of the pulverized material. When all the compartments of the box have thus been filled and the ingots covered up with charcoal, so as to prevent the access of air thereto, the box may be closed, if desired, by means of the cover 0. The contents are then left a sufficient. length of time, as before mentioned, to allow the greater heat of the central part of the ingots to radiate toward the cooler parts and raise their temperature, after which the ingots may be removed, one by one, as required, and subjected to the processes of rolling, hammering, or forging in the usual manner.
It will be seen that we have divided the chamber a into compartments by means of the fixed vertical partitions d. This is done for the sake of convenience, so that the workman can remove the ingots from one compartment without disturbing or interfering with those in the adjoining one. If desired, however, these partitions may be dispensed with altogether, and the box may be a simple rectangular vessel of suitable size to contain a convenient number of ingots; or apit may be employed to receive the ingots. This pit, like the box, should be lined with fire-clay, and it may be conveniently situated between the Bessemer converters (or the spot where the ingots are cast) and the rolling mechanism.
The length of time which the cast ingot should remain buried in. the pulverized charcoal or bad conductor of heat in order to equalize or approximately equalize the temperature throughout the whole mass will, of course, depend upon the size of the ingot and other conditions of it. From experiment, however, we have found that about fifteen minutes (more or less) is, in a general way, sufficiently longbutit may belonger Without detrimentfor a cast ingot measuring, say, about twelve inches square at the bottom and eleven inches square at the top, and weighing about thirteen hundredweight, to remain buried in the pulverized charcoal or non-conducting material to approximately equalize the heat throughout it and bring it to the right temperature for rolling, hammering, or forging.
Having now described our invention, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, We claim- The process of equalizing throughout the mass of the ingot the heat which it contains when discharged from the mold, and thus rendering the ingot fit, without further heat in g, to undergo the operations of rolling, hammering, or forging into shape, such process consisting in burying the heated ingot for a limited time in pulverized charcoal or other bad conductor of heat reduced to a granular or pulverized state, and thereby protecting the ingot from the action of the air.
Dated the 30th day of November, 187 7 BERNARD E. GAMMELL. JAS. DUFFIELD.
Witnesses:
WILLIAM B. ESAM,
Solicitor, Shefiield. H. Y. HABLYAM,
Clerk with Messrs. lVatson da Esmn,
Solicitors, Sheffield.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US205351A true US205351A (en) | 1878-06-25 |
Family
ID=2274755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US205351D Expired - Lifetime US205351A (en) | Improvement in treating cast-steel ingots |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US205351A (en) |
-
0
- US US205351D patent/US205351A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3204301A (en) | Casting process and apparatus for obtaining unidirectional solidification | |
DE2327568A1 (en) | Process for the production of blanks from metal powder | |
US205351A (en) | Improvement in treating cast-steel ingots | |
US2142139A (en) | Hardening process for high speed steel tools and other articles | |
US2020184A (en) | Portable hood | |
NO127754B (en) | ||
US1211635A (en) | Process for heating steel and tin plates. | |
US3985514A (en) | Hot rolled composite billet for nuclear control rods | |
US2091666A (en) | Means for heat treatment of metal | |
US283735A (en) | giers | |
US574668A (en) | Process of making carbonized steel for armor-plates | |
US270249A (en) | Regenerator for securing a uniform temperature in steel ingots | |
RU2000355C1 (en) | Method of chromocalorizing of steel articles by diffusion under vacuum | |
US234900A (en) | Coating stock-bells with brass | |
US1074114A (en) | Case-hardening process for articles of iron, steel, and steel alloys. | |
US2075385A (en) | Method of heat treating sheets | |
US653133A (en) | Apparatus for treating ingots or steel. | |
US564053A (en) | Aemor plates or the like | |
US3955972A (en) | Method of producing sheets and article to practice such method | |
US412893A (en) | Process of manufacturing steel bodies having layers of different carbons | |
US784171A (en) | Process of carburizing steel plates. | |
US1027010A (en) | Apparatus for tempering metal articles. | |
US593534A (en) | Method of and apparatus for welding metals | |
US291046A (en) | John gjebs | |
US181046A (en) | Improvement in processes and apparatus for refining metals |