US552741A - bouedon - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 C. BOURBON.

STEAMBAI'SING APPARATUS.

No. 552,741. Patented Jan. 7, 1896.

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(No Model.)

0. BOURBON. STEAM RAISING APPARATUS.

PatentedwJan. 7.1896.

A II'UUEFUTUH AN DREW IGRANAM PHHTO-LHHO. WASHINGTON DC.

CHARLES BOURD ON,

FFICE.

OF PARIS, FRANCE.

STEAM-RAISING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 552,741, dated January '7, 1896.

Application filed February 15, 1893. Serial N0.462,521. (No model.) Patented in France December 16, 1892, No. 226,433; in Belgium December 21, 1892,1i'0. 102,636, and in England December 2 1, 1892,1To. 23,808.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, CHARLES BOURDON, eugineer, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Raising Apparatus, (for which Ihave obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 226,433, dated December 16, 1892, in Great Britain, No. 23,808, dated December 24:, 1.892, and in Belgium, No. 102,636, dated December 21, 1892,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object an apparatus for producing low-pressure steam.

111 the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows an apparatus constructed according to my invention and suitable for a small production. Fig. 2 is a side sectional elevation, and Fig. 3 a front view of apparatus designed for a larger production, the principle remaining the same. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, and Fig. 4: a sectional plan of a modification. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, and Fig. 5 a sectional plan of another modification.

The principle of my invention consists in having in contact with the furnace only the smallest possible quantity of water in order to rapidly produce the steam which is re quired, and in separating this quantity of .water from that which is employed for feeding the boiler. This feedingis performed continuously by placing the chamber where the steam is produced in communication with a feed-water reservoir, and then in supplying this feed-water cistern by means of a ballcock arranged on a suitable water-pipe, or by any other suitable means.

The apparatus for producing a small quantity of steam, (shown in Fig. 1,) is composed of a furnace having a continuous feed, closed at its upper part by a lid and terminated at its lower part by a grating. The products of combustion escape by an annular chamber 13 and pass into a chimney C. The steam is produced in the annular chamber D, in direct contact with the heat of the furnace, and is discharged by a side tube E.

The feed-water reservoir is placed at F, in an annular chamber insulated from that in which the steam is produced by an air-chamber G, which may be filled, if necessary, by any suitable insulating material. This reservoir communicates at its lowest part II, by means of a space arranged between the walls, with the chamber where the steam is produced. Finally an automatic feeding apparatus, formed by a ball-cock arranged on a water-pipe is shown on the drawings at I.

The outer wall a of the chamber where the steam is produced, the bottom piece I) of the insulating air-chamber, the internal partition 0 of the feed-water reservoir, and the cover (Z of the reservoir, form a complete apparatus which may be taken out altogether, allowing this part to be easily cleaned in case the feedwater contains salts or mud. The only joint which requires to be made in this mode of construction, is the one which connects the outer wall a of the chamber where the steam is produced with the upper part c of the internal partition f.

It may be necessary in certain applications of this boiler to limit the pressure of the steam produced. For this object, and in order to limit this pressure, the steam-discharge pipe E may have a branch J, which is immersed in. the feed-water to a certain depth. In certain cases the steam, after having served for the purpose for which it is intended, is condensed, and the water of condensation may be returned, if desired, by a pipe K into the feed-cistern. This pipe is immersed in the water in this cistern in such a way as to condense (until the water in the cistern reaches 100) the small quantity of steam which may return by this pipe. The difference between the water-level in this return water-pipe K and the bottom of the branch pipe J determines the maximum pressure of the boiler. This production at a very low pressure makes it unnecessary to prevent the water in the reservoir from communicating directly with the atmospheric air, either by the lid d not being tight-fitting or by its being provided with a pipe allowing communication with the open air, or by the feed-cistern I.

It is preferable that the return water-pipe K shall not be directly inserted in the reservoir of the vaporizer, because that would cause inconvenience. In fact, when the fire of the apparatus is put out, the water from the reservoir, under the action of the vacuum which would be produced by condensation in the pipes, would be drawn up both by the return-pipe as well as by the pipe J, and would fill all the heating apparatus, inasmuch as the ball-cock would continue to feed it. This drawback is avoided by causing the pipe K to open into a siphon, as is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. When the fire is put out, the water in this siphon only is absorbed, and then the external air rushes in, disconnects the siphon, and prevents a vacuum being formed. This arrangement further allows of a small pressure being created in the pipes, which maintains a good distribution of the heat.

It is needless to state that the siphon may be made in the form shown in the drawings, or may have the usual curved shape.

It will thus be seen that this boiler does not present any danger, as in case of any stoppage in the steam-discharge pipe in consequence of the closing of the tap or for any other reason, the steam produced in the chamber D will be discharged by the pipe J as soon as it has attained a certain pressure, the limit of which is fixed by the distance this tube is immersed in the feed-cistern. Finally, two methods of regulating the working of this apparatus are shown on the drawings.

If the steam be produced by the apparatus in a greater quantity than is required, the return water-pipe K, in place of returning water to the boiler, will return the steam produced in excess. This steam is discharged in the form of damp vapor, and will serve for regulating the apparatus by diminishing the draft of the furnace, and consequently the production of the steam.

The first means of regulating consists in discharging this damp vapor by means of a tube L which opens into a valve-chamber M. A Very sensitive valve is keyed on the same spindle as the chimney-valve N. This latter is counterbalanced in such a way as to remain normally in a position to open the draft. hen the watery vapor reaches the valve M the pressure of the vapor, although small, causes the valve to assume an inclined position, which causes a partial'or total closing of the chimney-valve, and consequently a diminution of the activity of the production of steam. The watery vapor which proceeds from the valve-chamber M is discharged into the atmosphere.

The second method consists in conducting the watery vapor which is .released by a tube L to the space beneath the grating of the furnace. The damp air, consequently, arrives in small quantities under the furnace, and, arresting the combustion, diminishes the production of steam. The action of this jet is the more eflicacious in that it acts not only by renderin g the air already there less combustible, but by diminishing the facility of the access of fresh air to the grate, when care is taken to direct it toward the door of the ash-pan by a suitable device. These two methods of regulatinghereinbefore described act equally well in the case where an excess of pressure is produced in the chamber D, as the steam which then escapes by the tube J, as has been hereinbefore explained, escapes from the apparatus by the tube for discharging the watery vapor L or L acting with the regulating apparatus or directly on the furnace to check the fire. This excess of pressure may be caused by the apparatus (owing to the application which is made of it) havinga tap on the tube E, which may be closed at will.

When it is desired to produce a large quantity of steam, with the apparatus working on the principle hereinbefore described, it is preferable to separate the vaporizer from the feed. The apparatus for producing large quantities may then be arranged as is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. It is composed of a furnace A continuously charged, closed by a cover and terminated at its lower part by a grate A and an ash-pan A A door A serves for firing the furnace. The fuel is sustained by a bridge X. The combustion is produced in a chamber surrounded with water. This wateris contained in the boiler, properly so called, and circulates between the double walls U j 0 I i Q g, the spaces between the walls being con nected with each other by a group of tubes D, and a double partition f communicates at f f with the side walls of the boiler. The combustion gases pass through fines B to reach the chimney C. The boiler is sur mounted by a dome R, whence the steam produced escapes by means of a tube E.

The construction is such that the charger A, the furnace, the partition f and the wall 0, the group of tubes D and the internal walls g i j of the boiler may be withdrawn at a single operation, which insures an easy cleaning and necessitates only a single joint at Z being employed for the boiler.

The feed-water reservoir is situated at F. The water runs into it by means of a ball-cock I and passes into the lower part of the boiler by a pipe H, having a branch orifice 71.

In order to insure a certain pressure, but always a low one, for the steam, thus allowing it to be used for certain purpose, the discharge-tube E is prolonged on one side by a tube J, which is inserted into the feed-cistern and in the tube 11, which places this cistern in communication with the boiler. The maximum pressure of the steam will be therefore determined by the difference of level between the water of the feed-cistern and the lower opening of this tube J. The water of the boiler is nevertheless in communication with the external air by means of the tube II, which communicates with the open air either at its upper part or by means of a tube starting from the orifice 7L and passing under the regulating-bell Z, of which mention will be made further on.

According to the usages and the pressure of steam which it is desired to obtain, the dome R, the tube 11 and the tube J must be of a suitable height.

The water of condensation from the apparatus which utilizes the steam maybe caused to return, if desired, to the feed-water reservoir by means of the tube K.

The mode employed for regulating the boiler is shown in the drawings. It maybe applied to the type of boiler for a small production, which has already been ,described, and the means employed for that type may also be employed for the boiler for a large production, which is now being described. This system of regulating also utilizes the steam produced in excess in case of a too-great production of the boiler. This steam comes by the tube K for returning the water, and lifts the bell Z, which is immersed in the water of the feed reservoir, if it be not desirable for this steam to come in contact with a large surface of water, which might condense it and diminish the delicacy of the regulating. This movable bell Z may slide over a fixed bell W. However, this fixed bell is not indispensable.

A triangular slot r is arranged at the base of the movable bell Z in such a way that the first quantities of steam may arrive under the bell and escape therefrom by this slot without acting suddenly on the regulating-levers. It is only when this quantity of steam becomes considerable that the movable bell Z is raised by the force of the steam which passes between it and the fixed bell XV and acts by the lovers a and b on the valve N of the chimney, which diminishes or totally arrests the draft. The bell in rising uncovers a gradually larger portion of the triangular slot 0- and allows the steam to partially escape by this slot, which further avoids any toosudden effect or too-sudden action of the bell on the regulating-levers.

If the quantity of steam produced is too much to be carried off by all the steam-using apparatus and to reach the tube K sufficiently in time to regulate the draft, or if, by any cause whatever, the discharge-pipe E for the steam is stopped, the steam produced passes through the tube J and is discharged into the open air, where it may go through a suitable vent and be condensed in the feedtank. The damp steam escapes by a tube m. No danger of explosion is, therefore, to be feared, the steam produced being able to escape into the open air.

In order to complete the description of the applications of this vaporizer, the form which it may assume when it is employed for heating vehicles, such as omnibuses, railway-carriages, tram-cars, and the like, will now be described, and the arrangements which it is preferable to make in the apparatus in which the heating of the steam produced is utilized as much for heating the vehicles as for that of dwellings.

The first is shown in Fig. 4, and is composed of a fireplace A having an inclined grate with. a charging apparatus A formed by a hopper containing the reserve of fuel. This grate is surrounded by the boiler D properly so called, Where the water in a thin layer rapidly comes to the boil. The products of combustion. escape by two side openings B arranged in the double wall of the boiler D They are brought by the side flues B having internal baffle-plates B up to the chimney This latter incloses the steam-dome R which surmounts the boiler D The feed-Water reservoir is at F This water can never be brought to boiling-point, for it only receives the heat of the products of combustion which are relatively cool. E is the steam-outlet from the dome R. In proportion as the water is very rapidly evaporated in the boiler 1) it is replaced by Water from the reservoir, which passes by the tube I-l into the boiler D Its construction is such that the furnace is completely independent of the rest of the apparatus. This part being the only one which can become worn out,it may be replaced while preserving in tact the feed-water reservoir and the fuel-hopper. The plate A behind the boiler being removable, all the parts in which the evaporation is produced may be easily cleaned.

The second type, of a more simple construction than the preceding one, is shown in Fig. 5. The boiler, roperly so ca1led,is formed of a circular grating A placed at the bottom of a central furnace A ,'one portion of which is occupied by the chimney C The water exposed to the action of the furnace is in a circular portion D of relatively very small thickness. A circular air-chamber G insulates the boiler from the feed-water reservoir F which communicates with the latter by the annular space IF. A rod A projecting from the ash-pan allows the grating A to be rocked. The boiler D is of a greater height than the feed-water reservoir F so as to form the steam-dome R at its upper part. On this steam-dome the pipe for conveying the steam E is arranged. The feed-water may be introduced by means of an opening situated in the upper part of the reservoir F Inorder to internally clean the apparatus the air-chamber is removed in a single piece, and the upper lid of the apparatus. The part comprised between the furnace and the external case is accessible from all parts after this has been done.

The quantity of steam produced may be regulated in both these types of boilers by regulating the draft of the furnace by a valve placed in the smoke-stack.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an apparatus for producing low pressure steam, a boiler comprising two chambers of unequal volume in communication with each other at all times, the smaller chamber constituting a steam chamber, and the larger one a feed water reservoir, open to the atmosphere, in combination with the steam outlet pipe from the steam chamber having a branch with its open end immersed in the feed water, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an apparatus for producing low pressure steam, a boiler comprising two communieating chambers of unequal Volume,one a feed water reservoir open to the atmosphere, and an intervening insulation in combination with the steam outlet pipe from the steam chamber having a branch with its open end immersed in the feed water, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a steam boiler for producing low pressure steam, a boiler comprising two communicating chambers of unequal volume, the larger a feed water reservoir open to the atmosphere, the steam outlet pipe from the steam chamber, and a branch pipe from the said steam outlet pipe, the said branch having its open end terminating in the larger chamber at a predetermined distance below the water level, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In an apparatus for producing low pressure steam, a boiler comprising two conmunicating chambers, a steam outlet pipe from one of the chambers, the other chamber being provided with two inlet pipes terminating at predetermined levels therein, one of the said pipes leading from the said steam outlet pipe, the other being a return pipe, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an apparatus for producing low pressure steam, a boiler comprising two communi eating chambers, one provided with a steam outlet pipe, the other provided with two pipes terminating at predetermined levels therein, one of the last named pipes leading from the said steam outlet pipe, and the other being a return pipe, for the condensed steam, and a siphon in the latter chamber into which the return pipe opens, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. An apparatus for producing low pressure steam comprising an annular furnace A, B, annular walls a and c forming chambers D and G, and an annular chamber F all 0011- centric with the said furnace, an annular bottom wall D connecting the lower edges of said walls a. and c and a cover cl the said walls a, b and c and cover (Z forming a complete apparatus which is adapted to be removed as one piece, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

CHARLES BOURDON. lVitnesses:

JOSEPH DELAGE, RoBT. M. HOOPER.

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