US5504235A - Method for decomposing polysiloxane - Google Patents
Method for decomposing polysiloxane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5504235A US5504235A US08/479,194 US47919495A US5504235A US 5504235 A US5504235 A US 5504235A US 47919495 A US47919495 A US 47919495A US 5504235 A US5504235 A US 5504235A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polysiloxane
- compound
- group
- orthoester
- active hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1884—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by dismutation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/188—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-O linkages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the decomposition of a polysiloxane to a silicon compound having a lower molecular weight.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an alkoxysilane which is one of important intermediates used in a silicone industry.
- a polysiloxane is a chemically stable compound, it should be treated at high temperature optionally in the presence of an alkali or an acid to decompose it.
- Japanese Patent KOKAI Publication No. 132590/1989 discloses a process for producing an alkoxysilane of the formula:
- R 2 is an alkyl group
- R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group
- b is 1, 2 or 3
- c is 0, 1 or 2 comprising reacting an alkoxysilane of the formula:
- R 2 is the same as defined above, R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and a is 0, 1, 2 or 3 with a polysiloxane in the presence of a titanium compound catalyst.
- the desired alkoxysilane would be synthesized through cleavage of a Si--O bond of the polysiloxane by the titanium compound used as the catalyst and an insertion reaction of the alkoxy group from the raw material alkoxysilane between the cleaved bond (depolymerization reaction).
- One object of the present invention is to provide a method for decomposing a polysiloxane under mild conditions.
- Another object is to provide a method for decomposing a polysiloxane, so that a silicone rubber is reutilized, a polysiloxane film is removed from a substrate, or a silicone surface is modified by partial decomposition thereof.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing an alkoxysilane compound in a high yield by the use of a decomposition reaction of a polysiloxane, which method is accompanied with fewer side reactions.
- a yet further object of the present invention is to provide a composition for decomposing a polysiloxane.
- a method for decomposing a polysiloxane comprising contacting a polysiloxane with a mixture which comprises an orthoester, a compound having an active hydrogen-containing group and an acid catalyst.
- composition for decomposing a polysiloxane comprising an orthoester, a compound having an active hydrogen-containing group and an acid catalyst.
- a method for producing an alkoxysilane comprising reacting an orthoester with a compound selected from the group consisting of siloxanes and polysiloxanes, in the presence of a compound having an active hydrogen-containing group and an acid catalyst.
- examples of the orthoester to be used are orthoformates (e.g. methyl orthoformate, ethyl orthoformate, propyl orthoformate, butyl orthoformate, octyl orthoformate, etc.), orthoacetates (e.g. methyl orthoacetate, ethyl orthoacetate, propyl orthoacetate, butyl orthoacetate, octyl orthoacetate, etc.), methyl orthobenzoate, and so on.
- orthoformates e.g. methyl orthoformate, ethyl orthoformate, propyl orthoformate, butyl orthoformate, octyl orthoformate, etc.
- orthoacetates e.g. methyl orthoacetate, ethyl orthoacetate, propyl orthoacetate, butyl orthoacetate, octyl orthoacetate, etc.
- methyl orthobenzoate e.g. methyl orthoformate, ethyl orthoformate
- methyl orthoesters such as methyl orthoformate and methyl orthoacetate are preferred in view of their reactivity.
- an amount of the orthoester depends on the object of the decomposition. When it is intended to proceed the decomposition largely, the orthoester is used in an amount of at least 0.5 mole, preferably at least 1.0 mole per one mole of the Si--O--Si bond of the polysiloxane.
- An upper limit of the amount of the orthoester is not limited. Usually, the upper limit is 20 moles, preferably 10 moles per one mole of the Si--O--Si bond of the polysiloxane.
- the siloxane or polysiloxane to be used in the present invention is a compound comprising at least two silicon atoms which are bonded through an oxygen atom.
- siloxane or polysiloxane are silicone oils, silicone raw rubbers, vulcanized silicone rubbers, silicone varnishes, silicone resins, polysilsesquioxane, and so on.
- Examples of a substituent group on the silicon atoms are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a chloromethyl group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as a vinyl group and an allyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a tolyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group and an ethoxy group, and the like.
- siloxanes and polysiloxanes those having a Si--H bonds are preferred since they react quickly.
- the present invention is particularly useful, when preparation of an alkoxysilane having a Si--H bond in the molecule is intended.
- a polysiloxane having Si--H bonds in a molecule is used as a raw material.
- the polysiloxane may be a straight one, a branched one or cyclic one, or a mixture thereof.
- examples of an organic group to be bonded to the silicon atoms are an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as a chloromethyl group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as a vinyl group and an allyl group, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group and a tolyl group.
- polysiloxane examples include a linear polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR1## wherein p and q are each 0 or an integer up to 3000, a linear polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR2## wherein p and q are each 0 or an integer up to 3000, and a cyclic polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR3## wherein m and n are each 0 or an integer up to 100, provided that a sum of m and n (m+n) is at least 2.
- a content of the Si--H bonds in the polysiloxane is not critical. As the content of the Si--H bonds increases, the yield of the intended alkoxysilane increases.
- polysiloxane examples include ##STR4## a branched polymethylhydrogensiloxane comprising units of the formula: (CH 3 ) 2 HSi 0 .5 and units of the formula: SiO 2 and having a hydrogen content of 1.03 wt. % and a viscosity at 25° C. of 24 cSt, and a cyclic polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR5## wherein n is an integer of 2 to 100.
- a polysiloxane having no Si--H bond may be used.
- examples of such polysiloxane are ##STR6## wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, and ##STR7## wherein Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group herein used is a compound which generates an alcohol when it is reacted with the orthoester, or a compound having a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group, an amino group, and so on in a molecule such as water, an alcohol, a carboxylic acid, a mercaptan, an amine and the like.
- water, an alcohol and a carboxylic acid are preferred.
- the alcohol examples include monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, etc, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, etc. Among them, methanol and ethanol are preferred, and methanol is particularly preferred.
- carboxylic acid examples include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, acrylic acid, and so on.
- the use of the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group is essential.
- this compound is not used, the reaction does not proceed, or if it proceeds, a reaction rate is very low.
- the reaction rate increases in proportion to the amount of the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group.
- the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group is not necessarily used in a stoichiometric amount. This is one of the characteristics of the present invention.
- the amount of the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group can be an amount sufficient for initiating the reaction.
- the reaction can be initiated at room temperature, and the desired alkoxysilane is obtained quantitatively.
- an acid is preferred.
- the acid catalyst are inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., organic acids such as acetic acid, etc., and Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride, etc.
- sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid are preferred, and sulfuric acid is particularly preferred.
- An amount of the acid catalyst is preferably from 0.01 to 1.0 wt. %, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 wt. % based on the weight of the composition for the decomposition of the polysiloxane.
- the polysiloxane is simply mixed with the components of the composition for the decomposition of the polysiloxane.
- the orthoester, the compound having the active hydrogen-containing group and the acid catalyst are mixed to prepare a mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid is contacted with the polysiloxane. This contact can be carried out by any of conventional methods such as coating, dipping, and so on.
- the polysiloxane is added to the mixed liquid.
- the reaction temperature is usually from room temperature to 150° C., preferably from room temperature to 120° C.
- methyl orthoformate 113.56 g, 1.070 mols
- methanol 34.97 g, 1.091 mols
- sulfuric acid 0.1 g, 1 mmol
- a dropper cap made of a vulcanized silicone rubber (4.4 g) was dipped at room temperature for 2 days. When the dropper cap was picked up with forceps, it was broken to pieces. After the dropper cap was kept in the mixed liquid for further three days, a supernatant solution was analyzed by gas chromatography to find that dimethyldimethoxysilane was formed.
- Example 2 In the same mixed liquid as used in Example 1, a piece of a silicone rubber sheet of a vulcanized rubber was dipped at room temperature for 2 days. Then, the piece of the silicone rubber sheet was observed to find that its surface was dissolved and changed to a muddy state.
- Methyl orthoformate, methanol, water and sulfuric acid were weighed in amounts shown in Table 1, charged in a glass vessel, and mixed to obtain a mixed liquid.
- the mixed liquid was kept standing at room temperature for 22 days. Then, it was analyzed by gas chromatography to find that 21.2 g (10.7 mmols) of phenyltrimethoxysilane was formed. Yield: 43% (based on Si).
- the reaction mixture (22.7 g) was poured in a round bottom 50 ml flask, and rectified through a fractionating tower (an inner diameter of 1.5 cm, a height of 9 cm, packed with metal coils).
- a temperature of an oil bath was kept at 50° to 75° C., and a fraction having a boiling point of about 30° C. (6.9 g) was collected. Thereafter, since a boiling point started to increase, a collecting vessel was changed, and a colorless liquid having a boiling point of about 50° to 60° C. (11.7 g) was collected.
- the first fraction contained methyl formate as a main component, and also Me(MeO) 2 SiH (1.45 g, 0.014 mol).
- the main fraction contained Me(MeO) 2 SiH (11.4 g, 0.108 mol). Isolated yield: 81%. Purity: 98%.
- This reaction mixture (146.6 g) was rectified through a fractionating tower (an inner diameter of 1.5 cm, a height of 50 cm, packed with glass beads).
- a temperature of an oil bath was kept at 45° to 70° C., and a first fraction having a boiling point of about 32°-37° C. (43.4 g) was collected. Then, an intermediate fraction having a boiling point of 35°-55° C. (10.1 g) was collected. Thereafter, a main fraction having a boiling point of 59°-61° C. (67.5 g) was collected.
- the first fraction contained methyl formate as a main component, and the intermediate fraction contains methyl formate and also Me(MeO) 2 SiH in a weight ratio of about 50:50.
- the main fraction contained Me(MeO) 2 SiH (65.4 g, 0.62 mol), Me3SiOMe (1.6 g, 0.015 mol) and methanol (0.1 g,0.003 mol). Isolated yield: 79%. Purity: 97%.
- Liquid A Hexamethyldisiloxane (61.6 g, 0.38 mol) and methyl orthoformate (40.5 g, 0.38 mol) were mixed to prepare Liquid A.
- a compound having an active hydrogen-containing group shown in Table 2 and sulfuric acid as a catalyst were charged to carry out a reaction. After 20 and 100 hours, a yield of Me 3 SiOMe (based on Si) was measured by 1 H-NMR. The Yields of Me3SiOMe are shown in Table 2.
- the collected liquid contained Me(MeO) 2 SiH (3.1 g) and rest of methanol.
- a yield of Me(MeO) 2 SiH was 19% (based on the Si--H).
- the reaction mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography to find that Me(MeO) 2 SiH was formed in a yield of 93% based on the Si--H bonds of the raw material polysiloxane.
- the decomposition method of the present invention can be carried out at room temperature, the polysiloxane can be decomposed without the use of an alkali or an acid at high temperature.
- this decomposition method is highly effective in re-use of the silicone rubber, removal of the polysiloxane film from the substrate, surface modification of the silicone by partial decomposition, and so on.
- the orthoester and the siloxane or polysiloxane can be reacted in the presence of the alcohol and the acid catalyst under the mild condition of room temperature, undesired by-products are not formed, undesirable side reactions do not substantially take place, and troublesome fractionation of the product is not necessary. Further, the residue does not remain in a large amount.
- any halogen compound such as hydrogen chloride or chlorosilane is not formed. Then, the halogen free alkoxysilane is easily produced in a high yield.
- the alkoxysilane having the Si--H bond in the molecule can be readily produced in a high yield.
Abstract
Description
R.sup.3.sub.b SiH.sub.c (OR.sup.2).sub.4-(b+c)
R.sup.1.sub.a Si(OR.sup.2).sub.4-a
Me.sub.3 SiO--(MeHSiO).sub.40 --SiOMe.sub.3
(Me.sub.2 SiO).sub.4
TABLE 1 __________________________________________________________________________ Ex. 3 Ex. 4 C. Ex. 1 C. Ex. 2 C. Ex. 3 __________________________________________________________________________ Methyl grams 21.8 21.2 21.3 -- -- orthoformate mol 0.21 0.20 0.20 -- -- Methanol grams 6.4 -- -- 24.8 -- mol 0.20 -- -- 0.77 -- Water grams -- 1.8 -- -- 29.8 mole -- 0.10 -- -- 1.6 Sulfuric milli- 23 23 23 23 23 acid grams milli- 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 mol After dipping at No 50% of No No No room temperature original original change change change for 2 days shape shape Complete was disinteg- disinteg- ration rated __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2 ______________________________________ Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. C. Ex. Component (mol %) 13 14 15 16 17 5 ______________________________________ Hexamethyl- 100 100 100 100 100 100 disiloxane Methyl 101 101 101 101 101 101 orthoformate Sulfuric acid 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Water 5.3 -- -- -- -- -- Methanol -- 5.1 -- -- -- -- Ethanol -- -- 5.2 -- -- -- 1-Butanol -- -- -- 4.8 -- -- Acetic acid -- -- -- -- 5.2 -- Yield (%) After 20 hrs. 83 52 53 53 35 15 After 100 hrs. 86 74 80 79 65 17 ______________________________________
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15543394 | 1994-06-15 | ||
JP6-155433 | 1994-06-15 | ||
JP6-224033 | 1994-08-26 | ||
JP22403394A JP3529854B2 (en) | 1994-08-26 | 1994-08-26 | Composition for decomposing polysiloxane and method for decomposing polysiloxane |
JP6-248300 | 1994-09-19 | ||
JP24830094A JP3529858B2 (en) | 1994-06-15 | 1994-09-19 | Method for producing alkoxysilane |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US5504235A true US5504235A (en) | 1996-04-02 |
Family
ID=27320832
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/479,194 Expired - Lifetime US5504235A (en) | 1994-06-15 | 1995-06-07 | Method for decomposing polysiloxane |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5504235A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0687679B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69522745T2 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5804040A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-09-08 | Kaneka Corporation | Purification process for silane compound |
US5892087A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1999-04-06 | Jae-Kun Yang | Process for decomposing siloxane bond-containing compound |
US6207728B1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2001-03-27 | Jsr Corporation | Photo-curable composition and photo-cured product |
US6284908B1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2001-09-04 | Sandia Corporation | Method for making polysilsesquioxanes and organohydridosilanes |
US20050034868A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-17 | Frost Keith A. | Orthoester compositions and methods of use in subterranean applications |
US20050045328A1 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2005-03-03 | Frost Keith A. | Orthoester compositions and methods for reducing the viscosified treatment fluids |
US20060283597A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2006-12-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of degrading filter cakes in a subterranean formation |
US20080070808A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7678742B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-03-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7687438B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-03-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7998910B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2011-08-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use |
JP2017003288A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-01-05 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Quantitative method of silane coupling agent |
US11843092B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-12-12 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110128464B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-01-11 | 湖北江瀚新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of methyldimethoxysilane |
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US2698861A (en) * | 1953-08-05 | 1955-01-04 | Dow Corning | Method of preparing alkoxysilicon compounds |
GB2015550A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1979-09-12 | Vysoka Skola Chem Tech | Reclamation of siloxanes |
US4202831A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-05-13 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of silanes |
US5183914A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1993-02-02 | Dow Corning Corporation | Alkoxysilanes and oligomeric alkoxysiloxanes by a silicate-acid route |
US5258537A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-11-02 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing organomonochlorosilane |
EP0618211A1 (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-10-05 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing alkoxysilane |
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GB778871A (en) * | 1955-02-14 | 1957-07-10 | Sadolin & Holmblad As | Pyridinediol oxides and acetates thereof and their preparation |
SU1004391A1 (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-03-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4236 | Process for producing 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-7-siloxadihydrophenanthrenyl cyclotetrasiloxane |
JP2597113B2 (en) | 1987-11-19 | 1997-04-02 | 東芝シリコーン株式会社 | Method for producing alkoxysilane |
-
1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/479,194 patent/US5504235A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-14 DE DE69522745T patent/DE69522745T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-14 EP EP95109228A patent/EP0687679B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US2698861A (en) * | 1953-08-05 | 1955-01-04 | Dow Corning | Method of preparing alkoxysilicon compounds |
GB2015550A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1979-09-12 | Vysoka Skola Chem Tech | Reclamation of siloxanes |
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US5258537A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1993-11-02 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing organomonochlorosilane |
EP0618211A1 (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1994-10-05 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing alkoxysilane |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5804040A (en) * | 1995-09-08 | 1998-09-08 | Kaneka Corporation | Purification process for silane compound |
US5892087A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1999-04-06 | Jae-Kun Yang | Process for decomposing siloxane bond-containing compound |
US6207728B1 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2001-03-27 | Jsr Corporation | Photo-curable composition and photo-cured product |
US6284908B1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2001-09-04 | Sandia Corporation | Method for making polysilsesquioxanes and organohydridosilanes |
US7168489B2 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2007-01-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Orthoester compositions and methods for reducing the viscosified treatment fluids |
US20050045328A1 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2005-03-03 | Frost Keith A. | Orthoester compositions and methods for reducing the viscosified treatment fluids |
US20050034868A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2005-02-17 | Frost Keith A. | Orthoester compositions and methods of use in subterranean applications |
US20060283597A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2006-12-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of degrading filter cakes in a subterranean formation |
US7140438B2 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2006-11-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Orthoester compositions and methods of use in subterranean applications |
US7497278B2 (en) | 2003-08-14 | 2009-03-03 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of degrading filter cakes in a subterranean formation |
US20080070808A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7678743B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-03-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7678742B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-03-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7687438B2 (en) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-03-30 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill-in fluids and associated methods |
US7998910B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2011-08-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use |
JP2017003288A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-01-05 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Quantitative method of silane coupling agent |
US11843092B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-12-12 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0687679A1 (en) | 1995-12-20 |
DE69522745D1 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
DE69522745T2 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
EP0687679B1 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
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