US5458098A - Method and system for starting automotive internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method and system for starting automotive internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5458098A US5458098A US08/299,279 US29927994A US5458098A US 5458098 A US5458098 A US 5458098A US 29927994 A US29927994 A US 29927994A US 5458098 A US5458098 A US 5458098A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- starter motor
- motor means
- crank angle
- rotation
- load torque
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/005—Aiding engine start by starting from a predetermined position, e.g. pre-positioning or reverse rotation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N2011/0881—Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
- F02N2011/0896—Inverters for electric machines, e.g. starter-generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02N19/005—Aiding engine start by starting from a predetermined position, e.g. pre-positioning or reverse rotation
- F02N2019/007—Aiding engine start by starting from a predetermined position, e.g. pre-positioning or reverse rotation using inertial reverse rotation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
- F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
- F02N2200/021—Engine crank angle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and system for starting an automotive internal combustion engine. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and system for starting an automotive engine designed to diminish load torque as the engine is started.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-3969 discloses improving the starting ability of an internal combustion engine by applying normal rotational torque for a constant time after receipt of a starting command or start of engine cranking. When a failure has occurred in starting the engine due to heat lock or the like, forward and reverse rotation of the starter is performed alternately in response to a starting command.
- the system determines whether rotation stops after a given time. In this case, the system decides a starting failure only after the given time. Then, the system enters the reverse mode. This system creates the problem that considerable time is necessitated until the starting failure is detected. Therefore, even if the engine starting is successfully made by the reverse rotation after the failure in the first forward rotation, many operators are dissatisfied with the difficulty involved in starting the engine using such a system.
- a starter motor is first driven in a reverse direction for a short period, before being driven in a forward direction for engine starting in which direction the starter motor is normally driven for engine starting, so that the starter motor may start the engine by its forward rotation with reduced load torque applied thereto.
- the rotation in reverse direction may be initiated in various ways.
- a control means initiates reverse rotation first as soon as a start command is input and then checks whether reverse rotation of a desired angle of rotation has been performed based upon the crank angle. Then the control means directs forward rotation in the normal direction for the intended engine starting.
- control means carries out preliminary reverse rotation of the starter motor to a position where the direction of load torque decreases, which is determined in accordance with the measured crank angle. Then, the starting system directs forward rotation for the intended engine starting.
- This second aspect is based on the following findings.
- the starter motor can be driven in the direction of forward rotation immediately after starting, as normally occurs. Should the initial starting torque of the starter motor exceed the initial load torque including static friction resistance applied to the starter motor, the starter motor will be usually rotated normally with the load torque applied thereto gradually decreasing. On the other hand, if load torque to the starter motor decreases as reverse rotation is carried out, the starter motor is driven in the direction of reverse rotation immediately after starting. In such a case, if the initial starting torque of the starter motor exceeds the initial load torque including static friction resistance of the engine, the starter motor will be smoothly driven in the direction of reverse rotation.
- Reverse rotation improves the starting ability of the internal combustion engine as follows.
- the load torque (load resistance) at the time of starting is caused by frictional resistance, the acceleration resistance, and the resistance of work such as gas compression. If these resistances are large, the forward rotation speed remains low and does not increase. During this period, the driving torque will become unable to exceed the load resistance because of increases in the resistance of work (such as gas compression), the consumption of battery power, or a partial increase in the frictional resistance, etc., any of which would make the rotation stop.
- each frictional surface for the next normal forward rotation becomes the surface where the reverse rotation has been carried out before. Since the condition of friction can be regarded as the condition of dynamic friction (where friction decreases as compared to the initial amount thereof), forward rotation can be carried out easier than in the above described first normal rotation, making it possible to start the internal combustion engine with ease.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a control system of a generator motor for an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 2 is an electrical circuit diagram of the system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the control operation of the control system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a signal diagram for the system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the control operation for a second embodiment of the present invention.
- An engine starting system includes generator motor 3, which functions as both an electric motor and an electric power generator and is used as a starter motor.
- Generator motor 3 receives electrical power from a means for storing electric energy, e.g., battery 8, and is connected to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine 1 of a vehicle for transmitting the torque therefrom.
- Electric power control unit 5 serves as part of the control means of the present invention. Control unit 5 makes generator motor 3 generate electrical energy and drive the internal combustion engine 1. Furthermore, control unit 5 controls the field current. Crank angle sensor 14 detects an angle of crankshaft using an absolute rotary encoder. Controller 4, which serves as the remaining part of the control means, controls the operation of generator motor 3 by controlling electric power control unit 5 depending on the signal from sensor 14. Controller 4 includes electronic control unit (ECU) 13, which is a computer that controls the internal combustion engine, and ROM 15, which stores various kinds of maps for the necessary control which will be described later.
- ECU electronice control unit
- FIG. 2 shows an electric circuit diagram of this system.
- Generator motor 3 i.e. a starter motor in this case, includes a three-phase synchronous electric rotary machine, where exciting coil 31 is installed on the rotor core (not illustrated) and star-connected three-phase armature coil 32 is installed on the stator core (not illustrated).
- Electric power control unit 5 includes three-phase inverter circuit 51 whose transistor switches are controlled according to the crank angle, and transistor 52 for intermittently supplying the exciting current to excitation coil 31.
- Three-phase inverter circuit 51 comprises inverters for each phase 5u, 5v and 5w, respectively, in which npn transistors (or IGBT) are connected with diodes respectively, in parallel. Output contacts of the inverters for each phase 5u, 5v, 5w are connected with each output terminal of three-phase armature coil 32.
- One end of the exciting coil 31 is connected a low voltage or ground terminal of battery 8, and the other end is connected with a high voltage terminal of battery 8 through transistor 52.
- Generator motor 3 receives electrical power from battery 8 for driving engine 1 by its motor operation, and receives torque from the internal combustion engine 1 via the crankshaft for generating electrical energy by its generator operation.
- crank angle ⁇ is read from crank angle sensor 14 in step 101.
- Each transistor in electric power control unit 5 is driven into the motor operation mode, based upon the crank angle ⁇ , to make the generator motor 3 drive or apply its torque to internal combustion engine 1 in the reverse direction in step 103.
- transistor 52 (FIG. 2) for supplying the field current in the control unit 5 is driven to apply field current having a 100% duty ratio so as to apply field current for the motor operation.
- generator motor 3 is rotated in the direction of reverse direction with the maximum torque.
- Step 104 determines whether crank angle ⁇ of reverse rotation is ⁇ /4, and step 106 determines whether the time ⁇ t from the start of reverse rotation has elapsed in step 106.
- Step 108 is conducted when the result of step 104 or 106 is YES, but step 101 is conducted again when both determinations of steps 104 and 106 are NO. Step 101 is not performed again until a predetermined time elapses.
- each transistor in electric power control unit 5 is driven in the motor operation mode depending on absolute crank angle ⁇ , to make generator 3 drive the engine 1 in the normal direction from its initial reverse rotation.
- Transistor 52 for supplying field current in electric power control unit 5 is directed to apply field current with a 100% duty ratio, similarly to the above step 103. Then, generator motor 3 is rotated in the direction of forward or normal rotation with the maximum torque.
- Step 110 determines whether or not a given time ⁇ ta from the start of normal rotation has elapsed.
- the result of the step 110 is YES indicating the continuation of motor operation for engine starting in excess of the given time, the starting of the internal combustion engine is considered a failure, and the processing returns to step 101 to once again carry out reverse rotation.
- the engine speed n is checked to determine whether the engine speed n exceeds the threshold rotational speed n th . This is determined via the crank angle ⁇ in step 112.
- step 112 is YES indicating rise of engine rotational speed, it is considered to have successfully started the internal combustion engine 1 and step 114 is conducted to stop generator motor 3 from its motor operation.
- step 108 is again performed so as to continue normal rotation.
- the cycle for starting the internal combustion engine 1, i.e., the cycle including both reverse and normal rotation, is performed whenever the given time passes until a desired rotation speed is obtained. Since the same frictional surface has been used until starting has been successfully accomplished, frictional resistance decreases gradually due to the spread of engine lubrication oil, etc., making it possible to improve the starting ability of the engine 1 and to avoid the consumption of excess electrical power.
- FIG. 4 shows the operation of the first embodiment, where dotted lines represent the operation when reverse and normal rotation cycle is carried out two times.
- step 200 it is determined in step 200 whether the ignition switch has been activated, i.e., whether a starting command has been provided. When no starting command is detected, the ECU 13 performs other routines for a predetermined time, before again checking to see if a start command is received.
- crank angle ⁇ is read from crank angle sensor 14 in step 201.
- step 202 checks whether the direction of normal rotation is in the direction of load torque increase at the present value of crank angle ⁇ read in step 201. Since the load torque, i.e., load resistance, of the internal combustion engine 1 changes depending on the crank angle ⁇ , the range of angles where the load torque increases as normal rotation is performed can be stored in the memory such as ROM 15. If crank angle ⁇ read in step 201 is within this range, it is easy to determine that the load torque increases as normal rotation is carried out. If not, it can be easily determined that the load torque increases as reverse rotation is carried out.
- step 203 If the direction of normal rotation is the direction of load torque increase, generator motor 3 is rotated in the direction of reverse rotation in step 203 with maximum torque, i.e. with 100% field current.
- This step is similar to the step 103 of the first embodiment.
- This enables ECU 13 to determine, in step 205, whether the crank angle ⁇ x is a little larger than the minimum value of the load torque, e.g., about 20% of the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the load torque, and to determine that the angle ⁇ x is the angle where the load torque will decrease as normal rotation is performed.
- Step 206 corresponds to step 106 of the first embodiment in that it determines if a time ⁇ t has elapsed.
- the load torque decreases until the minimum of the load torque and frictional resistance decreases due to reverse rotation, making smooth acceleration possible.
- the load torque increases in the direction of normal rotation after that, the load torque is small enough to allow continued acceleration, thereby making it possible to exceed the maximum of the load torque using the inertial energy generated during acceleration.
- step 108 of FIG. 3 is immediately conducted to carry out normal rotation because it is determined that load torque decreases as normal rotation is carried out.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP21871593A JP3351042B2 (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1993-09-02 | Internal combustion engine starter for vehicles |
JP5-218715 | 1993-09-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5458098A true US5458098A (en) | 1995-10-17 |
Family
ID=16724308
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/299,279 Expired - Fee Related US5458098A (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1994-09-01 | Method and system for starting automotive internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5458098A (en) |
JP (1) | JP3351042B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4430651B4 (en) |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5713320A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-02-03 | Gas Research Institute | Internal combustion engine starting apparatus and process |
EP1039619A2 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-27 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Starter/generator apparatus for four-cycle internal combustion engine |
EP1046813A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-10-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine starter |
EP1055816A1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-11-29 | Mitsuba Corporation | Starting device for internal combustion engines and starting control device |
EP1106823A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Starter device with an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine, in particular a starter-generator |
FR2805571A1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-08-31 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Starting internal combustion engine by using alternator/starter motor to apply torques in forward and backward directions between compression points until forward compression is overcome |
US20020077740A1 (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2002-06-20 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Process and control unit for determining the crankshaft angle of an engine and drive train |
EP1233175A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-08-21 | Mitsuba Corporation | Starter, start control device, and crank angle detector of internal combustion engine |
US20020175653A1 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2002-11-28 | Switched Reluctance Drives Limited | Synchronization of machine and load characteristics |
WO2002101231A1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Device and method for controlling start of combustion internal engine, and recording medium |
US6564765B2 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-05-20 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | System for automatically stopping and starting engine vehicle |
EP1321667A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-06-25 | Mitsuba Corporation | Engine starter |
EP1321666A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-06-25 | Mitsuba Corporation | Engine starter |
US20030140881A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-07-31 | Hiroyuki Makajima | Engine starting control apparatus |
ES2196931A1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2003-12-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Engine starting device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
US20040000882A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan | Engine starting device |
US20040000281A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine starting device |
ES2244267A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2005-12-01 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink set |
US20050275366A1 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2005-12-15 | Moteurs Leroy-Somer | Devices and methods for updating the programming of a system for controlling an electric rotary machine |
CN1303317C (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2007-03-07 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Engine starting controller |
US20070084429A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2007-04-19 | Nobuyuki Taki | Starting apparatus for internal combustion engine and automobile |
US20070204827A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-06 | Kokusan Denki Co., Ltd. | Engine starting device |
CN100394009C (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2008-06-11 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Engine start control system |
WO2009073951A1 (en) | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-18 | Azure Dynamics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for starting an internal combustion engine |
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US20110114049A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Four stroke single cylinder combustion engine starting system |
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US20130328323A1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2013-12-12 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method and mechanism for starting an internal combustion engine |
WO2016016812A1 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-04 | Piaggio & C. S.P.A. | Permanent magnet electric motor for an internal combustion engine and related starting control system |
WO2016016835A1 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-04 | Piaggio & C. S.P.A. | Process for starting an internal combustion engine |
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US11280307B2 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2022-03-22 | India Nippon Electricals Limited | Engine drive system |
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US20220195972A1 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-23 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Generator control apparatus suitable for integrated starter generator and method of starting the same |
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JP4273838B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 | 2009-06-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Start control device for internal combustion engine |
JP2004339952A (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-12-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Starting system of internal combustion engine |
EP1586765B1 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2011-06-29 | TEMIC Automotive Electric Motors GmbH | Method and control system for positioning the crankshaft during shutdown of a combustion engine |
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WO2016013044A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Engine system and saddle-type vehicle |
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KR20230145102A (en) * | 2021-02-12 | 2023-10-17 | 가부시키가이샤 티비케이 | hybrid system |
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JPH0241689A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-02-09 | Mazda Motor Corp | Controller for starting motor |
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- 1993-09-02 JP JP21871593A patent/JP3351042B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
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- 1994-08-29 DE DE4430651A patent/DE4430651B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-01 US US08/299,279 patent/US5458098A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS6138161A (en) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-02-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Start recharger for engine |
JPS62176552A (en) * | 1986-01-27 | 1987-08-03 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Method and device for reversely rorating motor for rice-cleaning machine |
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Cited By (86)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5713320A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-02-03 | Gas Research Institute | Internal combustion engine starting apparatus and process |
EP1055816A1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-11-29 | Mitsuba Corporation | Starting device for internal combustion engines and starting control device |
EP1055816A4 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2007-01-10 | Mitsuba Corp | Starting device for internal combustion engines and starting control device |
EP1039619A3 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2003-03-19 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Starter/generator apparatus for four-cycle internal combustion engine |
EP1039619A2 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-27 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Starter/generator apparatus for four-cycle internal combustion engine |
ES2196931A1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2003-12-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Engine starting device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
EP1046813A1 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2000-10-25 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine starter |
EP1233175A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-08-21 | Mitsuba Corporation | Starter, start control device, and crank angle detector of internal combustion engine |
EP1233175A4 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2005-01-19 | Mitsuba Corp | Starter, start control device, and crank angle detector of internal combustion engine |
EP1106823A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Starter device with an internal combustion engine and an electrical machine, in particular a starter-generator |
FR2805571A1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-08-31 | Siemens Automotive Sa | Starting internal combustion engine by using alternator/starter motor to apply torques in forward and backward directions between compression points until forward compression is overcome |
US6564765B2 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2003-05-20 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | System for automatically stopping and starting engine vehicle |
EP1321667A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-06-25 | Mitsuba Corporation | Engine starter |
EP1321666A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2003-06-25 | Mitsuba Corporation | Engine starter |
EP1321667A4 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2006-12-27 | Mitsuba Corp | Engine starter |
EP1321666A4 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2006-12-27 | Mitsuba Corp | Engine starter |
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Also Published As
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JPH0771350A (en) | 1995-03-14 |
JP3351042B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 |
DE4430651A1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
DE4430651B4 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
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