US542424A

US542424A - Valve-gear

Info

Publication number: US542424A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1895-07-09
Anticipated expiration: 1912-07-09

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I'. M. BITES.

' VALVBGEAR.

No. 542,424. Patented July 9, 1895.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR,

f/ I I (No Model.) v F M 5 Sheets-Sheet y VALVE GEAR;

No. 542,424. Patented July 9, 1895./

FI E. l2.

wn'm-:sses: mvENToR, ma 7M @y (No Model.) I v v 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. F. M. RITES.

VALVE GEAR,

f No. 542,424. Patented July 9, 1895.

FIBJS.

li NITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

VALVE-GEAR. e

SPECIFICATION forming part o f Letters Patent No. 542,424, dated July 9, 1895.

Application ned october 16,1894. serial No. 526,042. (No modem Y T all whom, it may con/cern.-

Bo it known that I, FRANCIS M. RITEs, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Ato Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a certain new and useful `Improvementin Valve` Gear, of which improvement the following' is a specification.

The object ofmy invention is to provide simple and efficient means whereby distribution functions of two or moreliuid-pressure cylinders may be coincidently and differentially varied in such manner that a system of engine, illustrating. an application'of my in- Adistribution mechanisms of differential variability may be controlled by a single governor. To this end my invention,generally stated,

consists in the combination of an adjustable eccentric, aA fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting the rods of said eccentrics, a distribution-valve mechanism connected to thev The improvement claimed is hereinafter.

fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side View in elevation of a tandem compound Y vention; Fig. 2, a plan View, partly Ain section,

of the same; Fig. 3, a sideview in elevation of the link or frame which connects the rodsv of the adjustable and fixed eccentrics and the 1 rocker operated thereby; Figi/1, a view in ele# in elevation showing the connections of the air-cylinder valves; Fig. 8, a side View in elevation of the linkor frame which connects the rods of the adjustable and fixed eccentrics and the rocker operated thereby; Fig. 9, a vertical longitudinal central section through a double tandem compound engine having my invention applied; Fig. 10, a transverse saction through the same at the line x at of Fig.

9; Fig. 11, a partial end view showing the adi justable eccentric and its connections; Fig.

12, an end View inA elevation showing an application in a threecylinder engine of the marine type having .itscranks set one hundred Referring first to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, my.

invention is exemplied in a two-cylinder tandem compound engine having a high-pressure cylinder 1 and a low-pressure cylinder 2, which are fixed in line axially on'a bed-plate' 5, near one end of which a crank-shaft 4 is mounted in suitable bearings. The high and low pressure pistons 6 and 7 are secured upon a common piston-rod 9, which is coupled inthe ordinary manner to the vpin of a crank 10 on the shaft 4 by a connecting-rod 12. The distribution functions of the high-pressure cylinder l vare effected and controlled by a distribution-valve 13,which is fixed upon a stem'l andis fitted to reciprocate in-a Valvechest 14. on the cylinder 1.. Tl1e.`distribution functions of the lowpressure cylinder 2 vare effected and controlled by a distribution-valve 13, which is fixed upon a stem 15L and is fit.- ted to reciprocate in a valve-chest Macu the cylinder 2. The distribution-valves13 13a are reci procated through connections to -their stems by an actuating mechanism, which will.

nowV be described.

An eccentric 16 is fitted adjustably upon the crank-shaft 4 audis adapted to be regu- .la'tedin position thereon by a governor 17, by which itis moved transversely to the'shat't through arangel of `traverse admitted by a slot 18 in the eccentric. An' eccentric 34 is fixed upon the crank-shaft adjacent tof'th'e adjustable eccentric. The eccentric-rods 20 and Stof the adjustable and fixed eccentrics 16 and 34: are pivotally connected at'ther outer the loW-pressu1c-cylinder distribution-valve 13at is coupled to the link or frame 35 at a point between the connections of the eccentric-rods IOO 2O and 31 and the stem 15 of thehigh-pressurecylinder distribution-valve 13 is coupled to an arm 3S on the end of the rock-shaft 37 opposite that which is connected to the link or frame 35.

1t will be seen that under the construction above described the cut-off obtainable by the connection of a valve-stern to the top of the link or frame 35 is that due to the fixed eccentric and is therefore invariable. rPhe valve-stem 15 of the high-pressure distribue tion-valve being in this vinstance connected (through the

arms

36 and 38 and rock-shaft 37) to the link or frame 35 at a point below the connection of the rod of the adjustable eccentric, the high-pressure distribution-valve 13 will be variable not only through the entire range of cut-ott d ue to the adjustable eccentric, but also through an increased range, due to the lever-arm formed by the vertical distance between the centers of the connections of the rod or frame 35 to the eccentric-rod 2O of the adjustable eccentric and to the rocker-arm 36, respectively. 'It these two centers are made coincident, as lnay be done, if preferred, the range of cut-of`t` of the high-pressure distribution-valve will be equal to that due to the adjustable eccentric. The valve-stem 15a ot' the low-prcssure distribution-valve, being connected to the link or frame 35 at a point out of line with the connections ofthe rods of the fixed and adjustable eccentrics, is influenced by both of said eccentrics, and the range of cut-off of the low-pressure distribution-valve will therefore be less in extent and have a less degree of variation than that of the highpress` pressure valve-stem is connected to the rod or frame 35 farther from or nearer to the point of connection of the rod of the adjustable cccentric. As the lower side of the rod or frame 35 has the wider and the upper side the narrower range of cut-off, an y point between the two will correspondingly have a wider or a narrower range of cut-off as it approach es the lower or the upper side, respectively. Variation of cut-off in the two cylinders will, for the reasons stated, be effected coincidently, but differentially, by the governor.

Fig. 4 shows lthe centers of the connections of the eccentric-rod E20 and the rocker-arm 36 to the link or frame 35 made coincident, as above specified, and also shows the link or frame 35 as slotted, in order to admit of the connection of the low-pressure valve-stem 15 being made at such desired point as may be determined by experiment to be best suited to the conditions of operation.

It will be obvious that if a valve-stem connection be made to the link or frame 35 beyond or above the connection ofthe rod 31 of the fixed eccentric thereto distribution functions of the valve or valves actuated through such valve-stem connection will be varied diffcrentially relatively to those of the valve or valves actuated by connections made to the link or frame 35 between the connections of the rods of the fixed and the adjustable eccentrics or below the connection of the rod ofthe adjustable eccentric.

It will also beseen that the direction of variation of distribution functions ofthe valve or valves actuated through a valve-stem connected to the link or frame 35` beyond or above the connection ofthe rod 3l of the fixed connection will be reversed relatively to that of the valve or valves connected to the link or frame 35 below the connection of the rod of the fixed eccentric thereto.

An application of the invention in which such reversal of direction is effected is illustrated in Figs.i 5 to 8, inclusive, which represent a highspeed air-compressor, having a steam-cylinder 1, and an aircylinder 2b secured in line axially upon a bed-plate 5 and Ifitted respectively with pistons 6 and 6", se-

14 on the cylinder 1.` The distribution functions of the air-cylinder 2l" are veffected and controlled by two inlet-valves 13C, of the plug type, one' at each end of the cylinder, and two similar outlet-valves 13d, each controlling communication between one end of the aircylinder and a reservoir, into which the air is compressed.

The distribution-valves of thesteam and air cylinders are, as in the instance first described, actuated from an adjustable eccentric 16, controlled by a governor 17, and a fixed,

eccentric 34 through a link or frame 35, connecting the free ends of the

rods

20 and 31 of the adjustable and fixed eccentrics. In this instance,however,thc Stem 15, which is con pled to and actuates the outlet-valves 131 of the air-cylinder, is connected to the link or frame 35 above or beyond the point of connection of the rod 31 of the fixed, eccentric therewith. The stern 15c of the inlet-valves 13C of the air-cylinder is coupled to the link or frame 35 in line with the connection of the rod of the fixed eccentric therewith, and the stern 15 of the distribution-valve 13 of the steam'cylinder is coupled to the link or frame 35 (through the rocker-shaft 37 and its arms 36 and 38) in line with the connection ofthe rod 2O ofthe adjustable eccentric 16 to the link or frame.

Instead of actuating the distribution-valves of' both cylinders by and through the rod or frame 35, which connects the rods of the adjustable and fixed eccentrics, oneofsaid valves may be actuated through said rod or -frame and the other independently thereof, asin the construction shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. In

this case the engine is a double tandem compound, having two high-pressure cylinders l IOO IIO

1'al and twolowpressure cylinders 2.2,.jset in line, respectively, with the high-pressure cylinders. The pistons 6 and 7 of the righthand engine are fixed upon a common piston-rod 9,

g which is coupled bya connecting-rod 12 to the` and to an arm 24 on a rock-shaft 25.

pin ofwa crank 10, and the pistons 6a and 7zt of the left-hand enginearesimilarly fixed, upon a common piston-rod.9 andcoupled-by; a connecting-rod 12B. to the pin of a crank 10"-,

set at anangle of ninety degrees to `the Vcrank by a distribution-valve 13^of lthe piston type fixed upon a valve-stem 15and those of the The left-hand highfan'd low pressure cylinders 1? 2? are provided'with similarfdistribution-valves, which are not shown, and which` are fixed, res'pectivel.y,.upon stems 15c and 15d. The distribution-valves of the high-pressure cylinders 1 .1a are both actuated by a single adjustable eccentricl on the crank-shaft 4, whicheccentric is varied and controlled Vin position by a governor 17, and are operated through angular connections fromV the strap 19 of s aid v'eccentric torock-.shafts 23'vand 25, as described in my applicationtCase A) tiled byme'of even date herewith,Serial No. 526,041.

Suchconstruction, by which the movement of transmission of motion from the adjustableA eccentric ;l 6` to the links or frames 35 35a, through which the low-pressure valves of the described.' y t Y As' inniyapplication (Case A) above referred to-,the strap 19 of the adjustable eccentric 16 is secured to two eccentric-rods 2O 2l, which project from the strap at right anglesfone tothe other and are coupled, respectively, to an arm 22 von a rock-shaft 23 The stem' 15 of the distribution-valveof the righthand high-pressure cylinder 1 'is coupled to an arm 26 on the Vrock-shaft 23, and the stem engine are actuated in the manner previously 15c of the distribution .valve of the left-hand high-pressure cylinder la'is coupled to an arxn 4. Thelink or frame 35 thus partakes of the motions of the adjustable eccentric 16 and the fixed eccentric 34, as in the instance first described. The stern 15a of the distribution-Valvewof the right-handlow-pressure cylvariation of cut-olf than Ldistribution-valve.

A y the preceding instance. 27 on the rock-shaft25. The high-pressure linder is coupled to the link 'or frame 35 `between the connections of Vthe'adjustable :and fixed eccentrics thereto, and saiddistributionvalve will therefore, as in the former instance,

have a lesser range of cut-off and degree of The stem y15d of the distribution-valveof the left-hand low-pressure cylinder is similarly l coupled to a' similar link or frame 35, which is. coupled at one side to an arm 39a on the rock-v 'shaft A25 and at the other to the rod 31a of an eccefntric31a tiXed upon thecrank-shaft. The

V f v i 'distribution-valve of the left-hand low-pressright-hand low-pressure cylinder by a vslide" distribution-valve 13, fixed upon a stem 15:

ure cylinder will therefore be subject to the same operative conditions as that of the iright-hand low-pressure cylinder, and the disktribntion functions of all the valves will be Figs. 12, 13, and 14 illustrate an application of the invention in a triple-expansionengine 'ot'. the marine type, having a high-pressure cylinder 1, an intermediate pressure cylinder 2, and a loW-pressurecylinder 3,.all,supported in aframeor housings 5, ythe pistons 6, and 8 of which cylinders are xed upon piston-rods 9, whichare coupled by connecting rods 12 to cranks 10 l0a 10b set atangles of'one hundred and twenty degrees apart. The distribution `functions of the cylinders 1 2 3 are effected tbyv distribution-valves 13 13a 13b, respectively, which are shown as of the piston typ'e and are respectivelyxed upon valve-stems 15 15a 15b. The several distribution valves are, in a broad and general sense, actuated by a single eccentric 16ti`tted adjustably upon the crankshaft, and adjusted in position by a governor 17.y The specific construction, however, f ur- 4ther embodies a fixed eccentric 34 having Arods connected by links corresponding With the links 'or frames 35 35a, previously'de-4 scribed, to rods on the strap of the adjustable eccentric. The distributiorv'alves ofv lthe intermediate and low-pressure cylinders `are actuated from said links, and that of the the high-pressure IIO The strap 19 of the adjustable eccentric 16v is provided with three arms 28 2O 21,.Wh ich; project from it in themanner of eccentricrods and are set angularly, the central arml 2 8 being at angles of ninety degrees with the two side arms 2O 21. The central arm 28'is coupled by a link28L to the stem 15 of the distribution-valve 13 ofthe high-pressure cylinder 1. The arm 2O is connected by a link 2Oa with one end of a' link or double-armed lever 35, the opposite end of which is coupled by a link 29 to-'an arm 31 projecting, in the manner of an eccentric-rod, from the strap 33 'of the Iixedeccentric 3ft. An arm22 on ai horizontal rock-shaft 23 is coupled to the link 35 at a point between the connections of the fixed and adjustable eccentrics thereto, and an arm 26 on the opposite end of the rockshaft 23 is coupled to the stem 15 of the distribution-valve 13 of the intermediate cylinder 2. The arm 2l of the eccentric-strap is connected by a link 21 with one end of a link or double-armed lever 35, the opposite end .of which is coupled by a link 30 to an arm 32 projecting in opposite direction to the arm 3l from the strap of the fixed eccentric 34;. An arm 24 on a horizontal rock-shaft 25 is coupled to the link 35 at a point between the connections of the fixed and adjustable eccentrics thereto, and an arm 27 on the opposite end of the rock-shaft 25 is coupled to the stem 15b of the distribution-valve 18 of the lowpressure cylinder 3. t

As shown in Fig. l2, the arm 22 of the rockshaft 23, through which motion is transmitted from the link 35 to the stem of the intermediate-cylinder distribution-valve, is coupled to the link 35 nearer to the connection thereof with the adjustable eccentric than is the arm 24 of the rock-shaft 25 to the connection of its companion link 35 with the adjustable eccentric. It follows that the cut-effin the iutermediate cylinder will be variable through a wider range than that in the low-pressure cylinder, and as the distribution-valve of the high-pressure cylinder is actuated through connections with the adjustable eccentric, by which it is variable through the entire range of cut-off due to said eccentric, the range of variable cut-off in the high-pressure cylinder will iu turn be wider than that in the intermediate cylinder. It will therefore be s een that in this as in the preceding instances coincident and differential variation of cut-off in the several cylinders will be effected by the governor.

rlhe leading and essen tial feature of my invention and that by which it is clearly differentiated from all prior valve mechanisms, so far as my knowledge and information of the art extend, is a valve actuating mechanism by which distribution functions of two or more Huid-pressure cylinders are varied coincidently and differentially by a governor through the iniiuence of an adjustable eccentric and the resultant infiuence of au adjustable and a fixed eccentric upon valves indel pendently controlling distribution in said cylinders.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentdifferential variations in the operations of the valves, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a fixed eccentric, of an adjustable eccentric, a valve operated by the adjustable eccentric, and a valve conthe valves to the adjustable eccentric and from the other valve to both eccentrics, substantially as set forth. K

4f. The combination with two or more cylinders, of valves for each of the cylinders, a fixed eccentric and an adjustable eccentric, connections from the adjustable eccentric to the valve or valves or" one of the cylinders, and connections from the fixed and adjustable eccentrics to the valve or valves of the other cylinders, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting the rods of said eccentrics, a distribution valve mechanism connected to the link or frame or to the adjustable eccentric, and adstribution valve mechanism independently connected to the link or frame.

6. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting system actuated by the rods of said eccentrics, two or more distribution valve mechanisms, and connections through which the movement of the adjustable eccentric is transmitted to one of said valve mechanisms, and a resultant of the movement of the adjustable and the fixed eccentric is transmitted, through the link or frame connecting system, to another one or more of said valve mechanisms.

7. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting the rods of said eccentrics, a distribution valve mechanism connected to the link or frame or to the adjustable eccentric, a distribution valve mechanism independently connected to the link or frame, and a governor controlling the adjustable eccentric.

8. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a governor controlling the adjustable eccentric, two or more fluid pressure cylinders, valve mechanisms independently controlling the distribution of said cylinders, and connections through which the movement of the adjustable eccentric is transmitted to one of said valve mechanisms, and a resultant of the movement of the adjustable and the fixed eccentric is transmitted t0 another one or more of said valve mechanisms.

9. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting system actuated by the rods of said eccentrics, and two distribution valve mechanisms connected to different points on the link or frame connecting system.

10. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an adjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting system actuated by the rods of said eccentrics, a governor controllingvthe adjustable eccentric,

Y and twodistribution valver mechanisms connected to dierent points on the link or frame .connecting system.

11. The combination, substantially as set forth, of an ladjustable eccentric, a fixed eccentric, a link or frame connecting the rods of said eccentrics, a distribution Valve mechanism connected to the adjustable eccentric, and a distribution valve mechanism connected to the link or frame.

12. The combination, with two or more eccentrics, of two or more valves operated by the eccentrics, and a governor connected to and controlling the adjustment of one of the .eccentrics, and thereby adapted to effect variations in the operation of the valves, sub- Witnesses:

J. SNOWDEN BELL, F. E. GAITHER.

FRANCIS M. RlTES.