US5413741A - Nested packing for distillation column - Google Patents
Nested packing for distillation column Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5413741A US5413741A US08/203,876 US20387694A US5413741A US 5413741 A US5413741 A US 5413741A US 20387694 A US20387694 A US 20387694A US 5413741 A US5413741 A US 5413741A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- plate
- apertures
- corrugations
- packing element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
- F28F25/087—Vertical or inclined sheets; Supports or spacers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
- B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
- B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
- Y10T428/24694—Parallel corrugations
- Y10T428/24702—Parallel corrugations with locally deformed crests or intersecting series of corrugations
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to a column in which mass transfer or heat exchange between liquid and vapor streams occurs and, more particularly, to packing elements used in such columns to facilitate contact between the liquid and vapor streams.
- packings have been developed for use in mass transfer or heat exchange columns. In general, these packings facilitate contact between the liquid and vapor streams by causing more uniform distribution of liquid and vapor over the surface of the packing.
- One type of packing that is widely used consists of a plurality of corrugated plates that contact each other and are disposed in parallel relationship to the column axis.
- Corrugated plates of this type can be constructed of different types of material such as sheet metal and woven wire fabric.
- the corrugated plates are made of sheet metal, uniform distribution of the liquid over the plates is impeded because the liquid tends to channel along the fold troughs.
- An example of such a plate is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,050 to Meier.
- corrugated plates When corrugated plates are utilized as packing elements, it is generally preferred that the corrugations in one plate extend at an angle to the corrugations in adjacent plates.
- One problem that results from this criss-crossing orientation is the number of plates that can be packed into a given area with the column is limited by the amplitude of the plate corrugations. As a result, less than the desired plate surface area may be available for facilitating contact between the liquid and vapor streams flowing through the packing elements.
- the invention is directed to a packing element for an exchange column, said packing element comprising:
- reliefs in at least one of each adjacent pair of plates said reliefs being positioned at each intersection of the corrugations of said at least one plate with the corrugations of the other plate in each said adjacent pair of plates, said reliefs being sized to receive an apex portion of the corrugations on the other plate, whereby said corrugations of said one plate in each adjacent pair of plates extend into the corrugations of the other plate when the apex portion of said corrugations are received within said reliefs.
- the reliefs provided in the plates preferably take the form of apertures that also allow liquid and vapor to pass through the plates and thereby enhance liquid and vapor distribution in the packing element.
- the reliefs may be recesses that are generally imperforate but still operate to disrupt the flow of liquid along the corrugations, with resulting enhancement of the liquid and vapor interaction.
- the invention is also directed to mass transfer and heat exchange columns employing the packing elements described above.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a fragmental portion of an exchange column containing a plurality of packing elements made in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one of the packing elements showing the individual corrugated plates which comprise the packing elements;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded edge elevational view of the packing element illustrated in FIG. 2 but shown on an enlarged scale;
- FIG. 4 is an edge elevational view of the packing element and similar to the view shown in FIG. 3 but with the individual plates being nested together;
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the packing element shown in FIG. 4, portions of the packing element being broken away to show the criss-crossing arrangement of the corrugations on adjacent plates of the packing element;
- FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the packing element taken in section along line 6--6 of FIG. 5 to shown the liquid and vapor flow channels formed by the plate corrugations;
- FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a packing element similar to that shown in FIG. 2 but having apertures formed in the middle as well as in the outer plates;
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a packing element similar to that shown in FIG. 2 but having imperforate recesses spaced along the corrugation ridges and troughs rather than the circular apertures shown in FIG. 2.
- the numeral 10 is used to designate a column having a region 12 in which mass transfer and/or heat exchange between liquid and vapor streams occurs.
- the liquid and vapor streams enter the region 12 from adjacent portions of column 10 and typically flow countercurrent to each other.
- Column 10 may comprise any suitable size and shape and may include other regions in which additional processing of the liquid and vapor streams takes place.
- Each packing element 14 comprises a plurality of contacting and parallel plates 16 that extend upright in generally parallel relationship to the vertical axis of the column 10.
- the plates 16 have corrugations 17 comprising alternating and parallel ridges 18 and troughs 20 which are formed in any suitable manner, typically by folding a flat sheet of material.
- the ridges 18 and troughs 20 may be formed with sharp edges, curvilinear edges or other desired configuration.
- the apex of the ridges 18 on each plate 16 preferably lie in a common flat plane.
- the troughs 20 on each plate 16 likewise lie in a common plane.
- the corrugations 17 in each plate 16 extend at a preselected angle to the corrugations of adjacent plates 16 to form a criss-crossing pattern that facilitates mixing of the liquid and vapor streams.
- the corrugations 17 in alternating plates may extend in the same direction in overlying or offset relationship, but they need not necessarily do so. Instead, the corrugations 17 in alternate plates may extend at different angles if desired.
- the size of the plates 16 may be varied as desired. In some applications, the plates 16 can be sized to extend completely between opposite sides of the column 10. In other applications, two or more packing elements 14 may be positioned side by side across the width of the column 10. The plates 16 may also be of a height to extend from the top to the bottom of region 12 or two or more packing elements 14 may be stacked one on top of the other to fill the region 12. As illustrated, each stacked packing element 14 is disposed at an angle of 90 degrees to the overlying or underlying packing element. It is to be understood, however, that other angles could be utilized if desired.
- each of the plates 16 is preferably formed from solid sheet-like material such as various metals or other materials capable of withstanding the conditions to which they are exposed in column 10.
- some or all of the plates 16 in the packing elements 14 contain reliefs in the form of apertures 22.
- the apertures 22 are arrayed so that an aperture is located at each intersection of the ridges 18 of one plate 16 with troughs 20 in an adjacent plate 16. This positioning of the apertures 22 at the points of contact between the adjacent plates allows a portion of the corrugations 17 on one plate 16 to extend within the corrugations of an adjacent plate, as is best shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. As a result, the plates 16 can be spaced more closely together than would otherwise be possible if the apertures 22 were not present.
- the spacing between plates 16 can be changed by varying the size and shape of the apertures 22 as well as by placing an aperture 22 in both plates 16 at each intersection of corrugations 17 rather than in only one of the adjacent plates. In some applications, close spacing may be desired and can be achieved by increasing the sizing of the apertures 22 without changing the amplitude of the corrugations 17. In other applications, smaller apertures 22 may be used to increase the spacing between the plates 16.
- the shape of the apertures 22 is not limited to the circular configurations illustrated but can include other configurations as desired.
- the apertures 22 are particularly advantageous in that they allow the spacing between plates 16 to be varied in a manner other than by changing the amplitude of the corrugations 17.
- the apertures 22 thus allow plates 16 with corrugations 17 of a given amplitude to be used in many different applications by simply punching different sized and/or shaped apertures 22 in the plates. This can greatly reduce the fabrication costs for the plates 16 by allowing one or more standard corrugation sizes to be utilized in a wide range of applications.
- the paired plate 16 preferably contains a random or ordered arrangement of openings 23 that allow liquid and/or vapor to pass through the plate. It is to be understood, however, that in another embodiment some of the apertures 22 can be formed in one of the plates while others of the apertures 22 are formed in the other plate. In a still further embodiment, apertures 22 can be formed in both plates 16 at some or all intersections of the corrugations 17, as shown in FIG. 7. In such an embodiment, the apertures need not be of the same size or shape. For example, the apertures 22 in one plate can be substantially larger than those in the adjacent plate.
- the apertures 22 When all of the apertures 22 are contained in one plate 16, they extend along each ridge 18 and trough 20 at intervals corresponding to the perpendicular distance between adjacent ridges and adjacent troughs.
- the apertures 22 on successive ridges lie along common imaginary parallel lines that extend at a preselected angle along the plate 16. The orientation of these parallel lines corresponds to the angle along which the corrugations 17 in an adjacent plate lie, as can best be seen in FIG. 5.
- the apertures 22 When the angle to the horizontal formed by the corrugations 17 in the plates is a 45° angle, the apertures 22 form a square grid pattern with apertures equally spaced along the rows and columns of the grid. When other angles are utilized, the grid pattern will assume the shape of a parallelogram.
- the plates 16 facilitate distribution and mixing of the liquid and vapor streams flowing through the packing elements 14 in column 10.
- the apertures 22 allow more plate surface area to be present within each packing element 14 by allowing a greater number of plates 16 to be placed in the packing elements 14.
- the increased surface area results in better distribution of the liquid and vapor streams and greater contact area between those streams, with the increased contact area serving to facilitate the desired mass transfer and/or heat exchange within the packing elements 14.
- the apertures 22 facilitate liquid distribution through the packing element 14 by allowing the liquid to flow between opposite sides of the plates instead of only along flow channels 24 (FIG. 6) formed by the corrugations 17.
- the flow distribution is particularly enhanced when the apertures are sized sufficiently large to allow the corrugations 17 to extend through the apertures and into the flow channel 24 formed along the opposite side of the corrugations 17 containing the apertures 22.
- the presence of the peak of the corrugation 17 in the flow channel disrupts the laminar flow of liquid along the channel 24, with the resulting turbulence contributing to liquid flow through the apertures 22 as well as down the slopes of the corrugations 17.
- that portion of the peak that extends into the aperture 22 also contains a secondary aperture, liquid enters the secondary aperture and is transferred between the adjacent plates. This results in an enhanced distribution of liquid within the packing element 14.
- the flow channels 24 formed by the corrugations 17 remain generally open and reduce the pressure drop across the packing element 14.
- the flow channels 24 between the nested plates 16 allow the hydraulic capacity of the packing element 14 to be significantly greater than a packing element with the same fixed surface area but having plates with smaller corrugations.
- apertures 22 While the use of apertures 22 is generally preferred, it is to be understood, however, that the reliefs need not be in the form of apertures 22. Instead, as can be seen in FIG. 8, the reliefs can be imperforate recesses 26 that allow the desired spacing between plates 16 to be obtained. If the recesses 26 are utilized in place of apertures 22, it is preferred that an ordered or random distribution of openings 28 be provided along the corrugations 17 to allow liquid and vapor to pass through the plates 16. These openings 28 can be placed along the slopes of the corrugations 17 as illustrated and/or they can be located along the apex of the ridges 18 and troughs 20.
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/203,876 US5413741A (en) | 1992-12-01 | 1994-03-01 | Nested packing for distillation column |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US98396992A | 1992-12-01 | 1992-12-01 | |
US08/203,876 US5413741A (en) | 1992-12-01 | 1994-03-01 | Nested packing for distillation column |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US98396992A Continuation | 1992-12-01 | 1992-12-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5413741A true US5413741A (en) | 1995-05-09 |
Family
ID=25530214
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/203,876 Expired - Fee Related US5413741A (en) | 1992-12-01 | 1994-03-01 | Nested packing for distillation column |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5413741A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0671963B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE171879T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5869494A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2150706A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69321482T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2123759T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994012258A2 (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5523062A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1996-06-04 | Chemical Research & Licening Company | Catalytic distillation distribution structure |
US5683493A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1997-11-04 | Stober; Berne K. | Packing for separation columns and process of use |
US5837105A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-11-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Co-current contacting separation tray design and methods for using same |
US5975503A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 1999-11-02 | Alberta Research Council | Structured packing assembly |
US6000685A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-12-14 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Gas/liquid contact structure |
US6059934A (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2000-05-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Co-current contacting separation tray design and methods for using same |
US6314756B1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2001-11-13 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Structured packing with asymmetric crimp pattern |
US6325360B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-12-04 | Alberta Research Council Inc. | Structured packing assembly |
US6378332B1 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2002-04-30 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Packing with low contacting crimp pattern |
DE10055374A1 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-05-29 | Bartels Mikrotechnik Gmbh | Distribution plate for liquids and gases |
US6764532B1 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-07-20 | General Motors Corporation | Method and apparatus for filtering exhaust particulates |
US20040261354A1 (en) * | 1999-01-15 | 2004-12-30 | Antonio Gigola | Procedure and press for producing screening and humidifying panels in particular for avicultural facilities or greenhouses and panels produced by this procedure |
US20050051916A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-03-10 | C.E. Shepherd Co., Inc. | Cooling media pack |
US20100065501A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-03-18 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing module for mass transfer column and process involving same |
US20100227116A1 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2010-09-09 | Onera | Three-dimensional sheet structure, method for making same, and sandwich-type structural material comprising such structure |
US20110042035A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Heat transfer element for a rotary regenerative heat exchanger |
US20110309536A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2011-12-22 | Ilja Ausner | Mass transfer apparatus having a structured packing |
EP2267391A3 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2014-02-26 | SWEP International AB | Asymmetric heat exchanger |
ITUB20152873A1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-05 | Baretti Mefe S R L | STRUCTURED PACKAGING WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY AND CAPACITY? FOR DISTILLATION COLUMNS. |
US10094626B2 (en) | 2015-10-07 | 2018-10-09 | Arvos Ljungstrom Llc | Alternating notch configuration for spacing heat transfer sheets |
WO2018203224A1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-08 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing module for mass transfer columns |
US10175006B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2019-01-08 | Arvos Ljungstrom Llc | Heat transfer elements for a closed channel rotary regenerative air preheater |
US10197337B2 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2019-02-05 | Arvos Ljungstrom Llc | Heat transfer sheet for rotary regenerative heat exchanger |
CN109908757A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-21 | 国电环境保护研究院有限公司 | A kind of carbon base catalyst regenerating unit and regeneration method |
USD854132S1 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2019-07-16 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Corrugated steel structure |
US20190226693A1 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2019-07-25 | Hewitech Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insert element for inserting into a device for humidifying, cleaning and/or cooling a fluid, in particular a gas, such as, for example, air |
US10378829B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2019-08-13 | Arvos Ljungstrom Llc | Heat transfer assembly for rotary regenerative preheater |
US10914527B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2021-02-09 | Arvos Gmbh | Tube bundle heat exchanger |
US10953382B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2021-03-23 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing module for mass transfer columns |
US20220395806A1 (en) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-15 | Koch-Glitsch, Lp | Structured packing and crossflow contactor employing same |
FR3132851A3 (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-25 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Distillation apparatus |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU709351B2 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1999-08-26 | Lantec Products, Inc. | Folded packing |
DE59510174D1 (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 2002-05-23 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag Winterthur | Pack for a countercurrent high pressure column |
US5996974A (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-12-07 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges | Device for material and heat exchange |
DE10031119A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Basf Ag | Packings for heat and mass transfer columns |
EP2230011B1 (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2020-03-25 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing |
TWI495505B (en) | 2009-03-18 | 2015-08-11 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Method and apparatus for the purification of fluids |
FR3057346B1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-09-13 | Hamon Thermal Europe | EXCHANGE BODY FOR COOLING TOWER |
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-
1993
- 1993-11-29 DE DE69321482T patent/DE69321482T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-29 ES ES94904806T patent/ES2123759T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 CA CA002150706A patent/CA2150706A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-11-29 AT AT94904806T patent/ATE171879T1/en active
- 1993-11-29 WO PCT/US1993/011510 patent/WO1994012258A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-11-29 AU AU58694/94A patent/AU5869494A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-11-29 EP EP94904806A patent/EP0671963B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-03-01 US US08/203,876 patent/US5413741A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4548766A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-10-22 | Marley Cooling Tower Company | Vacuum formable water cooling tower film fill sheet with integral spacers |
US4668443A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1987-05-26 | Brentwood Industries, Inc. | Contact bodies |
US4710326A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1987-12-01 | Seah Alexander M | Corrugated packing and methods of use |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE171879T1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
AU5869494A (en) | 1994-06-22 |
DE69321482D1 (en) | 1998-11-12 |
CA2150706A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
EP0671963B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 |
ES2123759T3 (en) | 1999-01-16 |
WO1994012258A3 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
WO1994012258A2 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
DE69321482T2 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
EP0671963A1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
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