US538835A - Apparatus for casting hollow articles - Google Patents

Apparatus for casting hollow articles Download PDF

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US538835A
US538835A US538835DA US538835A US 538835 A US538835 A US 538835A US 538835D A US538835D A US 538835DA US 538835 A US538835 A US 538835A
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/107—Means for feeding molten metal

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  • My' invention is adapted nto the castingfof hollow articles, generally, in which the interior'cavity is in the form cfa cylinder, cone or frustum of a cone, irrespective ofthe cony iigurationwhich may be given tothe exterior of the article.
  • y e u l An obvious application of my apparatus is found in the casting of iron pipe, and in Figures 1 to 6,both inclusive, of the accompanying drawings, it is exemplified as adapted to produce an iron pipeof the ordinary form.
  • Fig. l represents a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus employed.
  • ⁇ Fig.v2 is a transverse section ofthe mold upon the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional View, on an enlarged scale, of the local core which isused as an adjunct in form-VV ing the bell-mouth of the pipe;- Fig. 4 ernbraces, also on an enlarged scale, a partial end View and a sectional viewlot' the collapsible ring, which is employed to permit the longitudinal contraction of the casting during cooling.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View, in isometric perspective, illustrating a modification of the device for introducing the melted metal into the mold; and
  • Fig. 6 is a partial vertical longitudinal section of one end of a mold adapted to be used in connection with the devices shown in Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 represents a vertical longitudinal section through an apparatus adapted to produce such casting.
  • A represents-the mold, which, unless a non-chilling material is to beused for the casting, should b e so constructed as not to impart a chill thereto.
  • Said mold has the form of a hollowcylinder constructed in two 5o longitudinal sectionsf-A, A2, hinged together by means of projecting lugs, a, placed at proper intervals along the side, correspondspectively, are mounted in movable hous- ⁇ ings, D, D', at the proper distance apart and the flanges, B, B', [it closely against the said face plates, c, c', the flanges of the lower section, A2, beingsecured Vto the said face plates by means of bolts a2, a3, while the flanges upon ⁇ the upper section, A', are left free, with sufficient clearance space to permit of the movement of said section upon its hinges when it is desired to open the mold.
  • the housings, D, D' are preferably provided lng lugs, a being arranged along the other with hollow channels', d, d', for water circuthehousings;
  • the outer periphery of' the face plate, c,- is provided with gear teeth, c2, which engage with .the teeth of the gear, K, suitably mountedfor rotation by means of a ldriving pulley, L.
  • I provide a local core, G, annular in form, Awhose outer periphery has the contiguration required to form the inner surface of the bell mouth, the adjacent end of the mold proper being of course suitably formed, to give the desired exterior surface to the said bell mouth.
  • This core, G is supported by means of bolts, g, (see Fig. 3) whose inner ends are anchored in the sand, or other material composing the core, and whose outer ends are provided with nuts, .g', bearing 95,
  • This ring may be composedcof-iany'Y friablematerialsuliciently cohesive and1rel fractoryto sustain the molten ⁇ meta-land'give the proper support thereto un'tilit has sol-idied, ⁇ but ofsuclrcharacter as to collapse when subjected tothe longitudinal ,strain,-of-the pipe in cooling.
  • the process'of casting a pipe by means'of such an apparatus is as follows: Thepulley, L, being actuated, the mold causedto-ro tate -at the desired speed andthereupon a quantityof molten metal equal inweight to the weight of the casting to be producedyand just suiicient to give the required'thickness tothe Wall-of the -pipe lisintroduced'through one or both ofthe hollow trnnions ⁇ by means ⁇ oirthe conduits, I, I. "The fluid metalfspreads -evenly overthe interior surface of 'tl1e ⁇ mold, A,seekiugthe lowest -leveland building -np radially inward.
  • LA-long-ftfrou;1;lI,O,'of slightly dess widthithan the internal diameteinof the mold-itself, is 'centrallymoun'ted'at oneend upon a shaft, P-,-supportedin elongated'bearings,p,saidrshatfheiiig-provided with a-hand- -wheel, Q-forotherdevice'forrotating it.
  • Thcltrough,0 being-placed in position within -the-mold, the latter-is rotated as-beformand 'the melted metal is pouredfromlthevessel, 'R, into the outwardly projecting end of the "trough, whence ittfiows'alongand distributes itself equallyt-herein.
  • the interior cavity of the casting is cylindrical in form, (excepting, of course, at thepoint where the operation is modified by the presence of the local core, G,) by reason of the location of the axis of. rotation in the plane of the horizon.
  • each longitudinal element of the surface of the cavity in the finished casting will bel rectilinear, and, in the instance just described, will be parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the mold consists of two parts, A7, AS, hinged together as indicated at a", .the lower section, A8, being secured by its projecting flanges, a8, a9, to the faces, c7, a8, of the rotating' trunnions, C7, C8, respectively. These trunnions rotate in inclined bearings, D7, D8, respectively. In the instance shown, only the trunnion, C7, is made hollow to permit the introduction of melted metal, the other trunnion, G8, being provided with a gear, 7c", actuated by means of a driving gear, K7.
  • rlhe molding surface at eachend is suitably enlarged to form the flanges upon the casting, and adjacent to one of said enlarged portions a collapsible ring, H7, to permit longitudinal shrinkage of the casting, is provided.
  • the axis of rotation of the mold is indicated by the lines R7, R8, which is inclined asshown to the plane of the horizon, indicated by the line S7, Se.
  • the angle of inclination is of course determined by reference to the desired pitch of the conical cavity to be produced within the casting, ⁇ A".
  • the surface of the melted metal tends to lie in a horizontal plane, and therefore all the longitudinal elements which together constitute the surface of the cavity in the finished casting will lie at the same angle to the axis 'of rotation.
  • the longitudinal elements ofthe molding surface are substantially rectilinear, and in both instances the long-itudinalelement,which is for the time being lowest in rotation, lies in a substantially horizontal plane.
  • the wall ofthe casting in each instance, is of the same thickness from end to end.v
  • the thickness of thek wall of the casting may be modified in any desired manner by modifying the molding surface, and, even with a molding surface whose longitudinal elements are rectilinear, a tapering wall mayL be produced by so inclinin'g'the axis of rotation that the longitudinal elements of the molding surface shall, when in their lowest position, lie at/an angle to the plane of the horizon, the amount of taper being in accordance with the degree of inclination.
  • I claim- 1 The combination of a mold rotatably mountedupon an axis in the described relation to the plane of the horizon and having a portion of its molding surface enlarged or extended radially ontward from said axis, with a collapsible hollow ring partly filling said enlarged portion and arranged at that side thereof against whichthe longitudinal strain of the casting is exerted in the act of cooling, and means for rotating said mold and for introducing melted metal into the interior thereof.
  • the combination with atubular mold rotatably mounted upon a horizontal axis, of a trough arranged within said mold and ⁇ projecting beyond the ends thereof, the sides of the projecting portions of said trough being IXO Vmiseria-beve the ⁇ normal ⁇ ⁇ line of the trough; may be poured in a diused sheet along ⁇ th journals at the respective endsof said trough, interior surface of ⁇ the-mold, substantially ⁇ as l WhosoaxisV corresponds with 'che axis of ⁇ rota. ⁇ and for the purposes'setforth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
s. L. KNEASSl APPARATUS FOR CASTING HOLLOW ARTIGLES.
Patented May 7, 1895.
rauwe.. msmma'mn; D. of
l s. L. KNEASS. y
APPARATUS FOR CASTING HOLLOW ARTICLES.
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Yu: Nonms PErEns ou., moouma, wAsHmGToN. D. c.
PATENT f Fries.
STRICKLAND L. vKNEASYS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
APPARATUS 4Foa oAs'TllNG HOLLOW ARTICLES.
SIQIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 538,835, dated May 7, 1895.
Application filed August 1.892. l Serial No. 442,368. l(No'niodel.) l
- the following is a specification.
My' invention is adapted nto the castingfof hollow articles, generally, in which the interior'cavity is in the form cfa cylinder, cone or frustum of a cone, irrespective ofthe cony iigurationwhich may be given tothe exterior of the article. y e u l An obvious application of my apparatus is found in the casting of iron pipe, and in Figures 1 to 6,both inclusive, of the accompanying drawings, it is exemplified as adapted to produce an iron pipeof the ordinary form.
.In said drawings, Fig. l represents a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus employed. `Fig.v2 is a transverse section ofthe mold upon the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional View, on an enlarged scale, of the local core which isused as an adjunct in form-VV ing the bell-mouth of the pipe;- Fig. 4 ernbraces, also on an enlarged scale, a partial end View and a sectional viewlot' the collapsible ring, which is employed to permit the longitudinal contraction of the casting during cooling. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View, in isometric perspective, illustrating a modification of the device for introducing the melted metal into the mold; and Fig. 6 is a partial vertical longitudinal section of one end of a mold adapted to be used in connection with the devices shown in Fig. 5.
Another type of apparatus adapted to the production of a hollow casting, whose interior cavity is in form the frustum of a cone, is illustrated in Fig. 7, which represents a vertical longitudinal section through an apparatus adapted to produce such casting.
I will now proceed to describe the apparatus adapted to the casting of a pipe, by reference to Figs. l to 6.
A represents-the mold, which, unless a non-chilling material is to beused for the casting, should b e so constructed as not to impart a chill thereto. Said mold has the form of a hollowcylinder constructed in two 5o longitudinal sectionsf-A, A2, hinged together by means of projecting lugs, a, placed at proper intervals along the side, correspondspectively, are mounted in movable hous-` ings, D, D', at the proper distance apart and the flanges, B, B', [it closely against the said face plates, c, c', the flanges of the lower section, A2, beingsecured Vto the said face plates by means of bolts a2, a3, while the flanges upon` the upper section, A', are left free, with sufficient clearance space to permit of the movement of said section upon its hinges when it is desired to open the mold. The housings, D, D', are preferably provided lng lugs, a being arranged along the other with hollow channels', d, d', for water circuthehousings; The outer periphery of' the face plate, c,- is provided with gear teeth, c2, which engage with .the teeth of the gear, K, suitably mountedfor rotation by means of a ldriving pulley, L. At the end of the mold which is at the right hand side in Fig. 1, and at which the bell mouth of the pipe is to be formed, I provide a local core, G, annular in form, Awhose outer periphery has the contiguration required to form the inner surface of the bell mouth, the adjacent end of the mold proper being of course suitably formed, to give the desired exterior surface to the said bell mouth. This core, G, is supported by means of bolts, g, (see Fig. 3) whose inner ends are anchored in the sand, or other material composing the core, and whose outer ends are provided with nuts, .g', bearing 95,
ICO
surface is iiush with the .innertsurfacerof` the` mold proper, is placed within ,said .groove,.
one of the faces of said ring fitting snugly against the wall of the ,groove which is farthest from the end of the moldyand thusw-reducing the width of-the groove tot theproper point. "This ring may be composedcof-iany'Y friablematerialsuliciently cohesive and1rel fractoryto sustain the molten `meta-land'give the proper support thereto un'tilit has sol-idied,\but ofsuclrcharacter as to collapse when subjected tothe longitudinal ,strain,-of-the pipe in cooling.
,At'ihe respective endsfofgthe4 molds areincliued troughs or conduits, I,'I, respectively, suitably supported upon uprights, J, J', and `extending throughA the hollow trunnionsnto the interior of the niold; A.
"The process'of casting a pipe by means'of such an apparatus is as follows: Thepulley, L, being actuated, the mold causedto-ro tate -at the desired speed andthereupon a quantityof molten metal equal inweight to the weight of the casting to be producedyand just suiicient to give the required'thickness tothe Wall-of the -pipe lisintroduced'through one or both ofthe hollow trnnnions `by means `oirthe conduits, I, I. "The fluid metalfspreads -evenly overthe interior surface of 'tl1e`mold, A,seekiugthe lowest -leveland building -np radially inward. At ithatend of the -nio'ld wherethe bell mouth is to be formedthe metal Hows into the space betweenfthe local core,G, and the proximate surface-"ot" the mold until said-space isfull, but further accumulation/ofmetalat this point istof course prevented bythe core'Gu'The coolisurface ofthe mold causes the metal in immediate contacttherewith 4to congealatronceyanda thin coatiugof solidified metal isthus `formed. whiclrgradually increases in `thickness -as `the innerportions congeal. The-longitudinal `shrinkagerof -t he pipe,aftersolidiiication and duringthe cooling period,l is permitted by "the collapse of the hollowringgH, and-when Vthe pipe is sufliciently cool to be removed,the
mold is opened upon its hinges-and the casting lifted out. The thickness oftthe wall of the ,-pipetproperisdetermined entirely bythe quantity of metal that is `poured -into the mold, and consequently can be varied lat-will without `change in the device further 'than modifying thesizetofthe local coreatthebell mouth,the use 1of such local core being obviously only necessary when a portion of the assess pipe,.or other article, is to have a greater diameter than the remainder, without an increase in the thickness of the Wall at such portion.
Where the pipe, or other casting, is to be a very long one, I prefer toiuse the device shown in Figs. 5 and 6, in order to diffuse or spread the melted metal with the utmost regularity :alongthe surfaceot the mold. Referring to the said figures, A3, A4, represent the upper and lower sections of the mold, respectively; `onlyfthat endtbeingshown at which the bell `mouth of the pipe is formed. The method of rotatably supporting the mold by means of trunnions is precisely the same as that before endshownin Fig. (his provided with a-cen- Aftralplug, "M, which i fits tightly 1therein, and #the-inner end'of saidiplug has a central cavity, YN, -axially-inlinewith the axis of 'the mold and trunnion. LA-long-ftfrou;1;lI,O,'of"slightly dess widthithan the internal diameteinof the mold-itself, is 'centrallymoun'ted'at oneend upon a shaft, P-,-supportedin elongated'bearings,p,saidrshatfheiiig-provided with a-hand- -wheel, Q-forotherdevice'forrotating it. At the other end of said trough is a-projecting -stem'or ijournal, P', whichwftsfreely in the lcavitygN, offthe-plugplll. 4l`-l1is;trough,f0, is
offsufficientlength.to-extendalongthe whole i' interiorfofthemold `and `project f0ut-beyond the -l1ollow-trunnion, `at theyend which is -at -tached to the shaftgP, .tand it uis A thus-rotat i*ablymountedupon an axis coinciding with thefaxisofthe-mold. "The sidesof that portion of thetrough whichcprojectout beyond `thehollow trunnion'fare' raised `above the normal'leveloftheremaining portion of the -sides,as indicated 'at o, inWFig. 5. l The inode "of operationpracticed'with it is-as `follows:
Thcltrough,0, being-placed in position within -the-mold, the latter-is rotated as-beformand 'the melted metal is pouredfromlthevessel, 'R, into the outwardly projecting end of the "trough, whence ittfiows'alongand distributes itself equallyt-herein. r1NVhensu Iicientmetal has been poured-Hin, the trough is'turned or tilted ,upon its longitudinal axis'rby-'means of -the handwheel,^Q, andthe metal is thus'poured out in an extended sheet along `thewhole len gth ofthemold soas to-become completely 1'diffusedalongrthe surface :before it has had time tochill at anynpoint. The raisedsides -ofthe`^trough perrnitithe operator to pour in 4the :meltedfmetal at theou-twardly yprojecting end thereof Withoudanger of overflowL during the ,acti'ot`--pouring;4 and, furthermore, `wheni'the'trough` is itilted to distribute=the metal in the interior of the mold, these raised proj octions con ti ne the `overflow of; the-metal ltothe region W-hichis wit-hin the mold proper. "The mode of-operation, exceptrini so Afar-as it is-modiied -by this systenrofJ distribution, is thesame as that vbeforedescribed, `and a similarresult yis lofcourse produced.
In the use of the apparatusjust described,
described, but-the hollowtrunnion, C2, at the' ICO IIO
the interior cavity of the casting is cylindrical in form, (excepting, of course, at thepoint where the operation is modified by the presence of the local core, G,) by reason of the location of the axis of. rotation in the plane of the horizon.
As the surface of the melted metal lying immediately above the longitudinal element of the mold, which is for the time being the lowest, tends to lie in practically a horizontal plane, each longitudinal element of the surface of the cavity in the finished casting will bel rectilinear, and, in the instance just described, will be parallel to the axis of rotation.
When the apparatus is adapted to the production of a hollow casting whose cavity has the shape of a cone, or frustum of a cone, the position of the axis of rotation with reference to the plane ofthe horizon must be modified, and I will nowy proceed to describe the casting of a hollow conical column provided with flanges at each end and having the wall intermediate between said angesof substantially uniform thickness. The apparatus proper for such application of the process is shown in Fig. 7.
The mold consists of two parts, A7, AS, hinged together as indicated at a", .the lower section, A8, being secured by its projecting flanges, a8, a9, to the faces, c7, a8, of the rotating' trunnions, C7, C8, respectively. These trunnions rotate in inclined bearings, D7, D8, respectively. In the instance shown, only the trunnion, C7, is made hollow to permit the introduction of melted metal, the other trunnion, G8, being provided with a gear, 7c", actuated by means of a driving gear, K7. rlhe molding surface at eachend is suitably enlarged to form the flanges upon the casting, and adjacent to one of said enlarged portions a collapsible ring, H7, to permit longitudinal shrinkage of the casting, is provided. The axis of rotation of the mold is indicated by the lines R7, R8, which is inclined asshown to the plane of the horizon, indicated by the line S7, Se. The angle of inclination is of course determined by reference to the desired pitch of the conical cavity to be produced within the casting,`A". The surface of the melted metal, as before stated, tends to lie in a horizontal plane, and therefore all the longitudinal elements which together constitute the surface of the cavity in the finished casting will lie at the same angle to the axis 'of rotation.
In both the illustrations given, of the application of my process, the longitudinal elements ofthe molding surface (disregarding the local enlargements for bell mouth, anges, &c.), are substantially rectilinear, and in both instances the long-itudinalelement,which is for the time being lowest in rotation, lies in a substantially horizontal plane. Hence the wall ofthe casting, in each instance, is of the same thickness from end to end.v Obviously, however, the thickness of thek wall of the casting may be modified in any desired manner by modifying the molding surface, and, even with a molding surface whose longitudinal elements are rectilinear, a tapering wall mayL be produced by so inclinin'g'the axis of rotation that the longitudinal elements of the molding surface shall, when in their lowest position, lie at/an angle to the plane of the horizon, the amount of taper being in accordance with the degree of inclination.
Having thus described my invention, I wish it to be understood that I do not broadly claim the use of a rotatable mold, since I am aware that such molds are not, broadly speaking, new. Furthermore, While it is one object of my `invention to dispense with the use of a core in the casting of articles of this class, it is obviously in conformity with the spirit of the invention that a local core or cores should be employed to modify what would otherwise be the action of the apparatus,
throughout certain limited portions of the body of the casting.
I claim- 1. The combination of a mold rotatably mountedupon an axis in the described relation to the plane of the horizon and having a portion of its molding surface enlarged or extended radially ontward from said axis, with a collapsible hollow ring partly filling said enlarged portion and arranged at that side thereof against whichthe longitudinal strain of the casting is exerted in the act of cooling, and means for rotating said mold and for introducing melted metal into the interior thereof.
2. The combination of a mold constructed in two longitudinal sections, said sections being provided with hinges and with locking mechanism, with a pair of trunnions rotatably mounted at each end of said mold upon an axis in the described relation to the plane of the horizon; means substantially as set forth whereby one section of said mold is secured at each end of said trunnions, respectively; means substantially as set forthfor rotating said trunnions; and means substantially as set forth for introducing melted metal into the interior of the mold.
3. The combination of a two-part tubular mofd rotatably mounted upon a horizontal axis and having its molding surface at one end extending radially outward from said axis to form a bell mouth for the casting, and its molding surface at the other end extending outward in the form of a groove, with a local core supported in proximity to said bell mouth end; a collapsible ring arranged in said groove at the other end of the mold and partly filling said groove, substantially as set forth; and means substantially as set forth for rotating said mold and for introducing theA melted metal into the interior thereof.
4. The combination with atubular mold rotatably mounted upon a horizontal axis, of a trough arranged within said mold and`projecting beyond the ends thereof, the sides of the projecting portions of said trough being IXO Vmiseria-beve the `normal` `line of the trough; may be poured in a diused sheet along` th journals at the respective endsof said trough, interior surface of` the-mold, substantially `as l WhosoaxisV corresponds with 'che axis of `rota.` and for the purposes'setforth.
tion fof themold;.means substantiallyasset STRIGKLAND Lf-KNEASS. 5 `:forth for rotating said mold; and means sub- Witnesses:
stantially-as set forth for turning said trough JAMES H. BELL,
aupon .itsjournais whereby the melted metal E. ,REESE
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8186421B1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-29 Mcwane Global Coreless pole mold and method of making same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8186421B1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-29 Mcwane Global Coreless pole mold and method of making same

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