US5341080A - Apparatus and three phase induction motor starting and stopping control method - Google Patents
Apparatus and three phase induction motor starting and stopping control method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5341080A US5341080A US07/972,821 US97282192A US5341080A US 5341080 A US5341080 A US 5341080A US 97282192 A US97282192 A US 97282192A US 5341080 A US5341080 A US 5341080A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- switches
- phase
- phases
- voltage
- motor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
- H02P1/28—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of voltage applied to primary circuit of motor
Definitions
- the starting of three phase induction motors can be controlled by electromechanical devices that are well-known. Some currently-employed methods include starting with series-connected reactors or resistors and starting by changing the connections of the windings from an initial radial connection to a delta connection during operation.
- Power semiconductor devices are also used to progressively and continuously apply voltage to the motor windings durings starting. This allows adjustment of the RMS voltage applied to the motor windings and controls the RMS current during motor starting.
- World Patent PCT WO84/04005 describes three phase alternating current induction motor starting wherein the conduction angle during start-up is limited in order to prevent non-conduction within any of the motor windings.
- the control of the starting torgue is is limited however since the starting voltage is greater than 40% of the powe system voltage.
- First, second and third switches are connected in series within the first, second and third phases of a three phase induction motor to control the motor start-up and operating speeds.
- the operation of switches is controlled by an operating program whereby the first and second switches in the first and second phases are simultaneously switched on.
- the first and second switches are simultaneously switched off and the first and third switches are simultaneously turned on after a predetermined time delay.
- the first and third switches are switched off and the. second and third switches are simultaneously turned on after a predetermined time delay. The process is continued until the motor reaches it full operational speed at which time all the switches are turned on.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the motor controller unit according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graphic representation of the firing angles of the semiconductor switches of FIG. 1 during motor start-up;
- FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of the motor current within each phase of a three-phase motor during motor start-up.
- FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of the voltage across the motor as a function of time.
- the starting and stopping of three phase induction motors is carefully controlled by delaying the conduction of semiconductor switches connected in series between each of the three phases of the electrical distribution system and the three phases of the motor.
- the semiconductor switches comprise thyristors and triacs that become conductive upon applying a control signal and remain conductive until the control signal is removed.
- two of the semiconductor switches hereafter “switches" are simultaneously turned on within two phases of the distribution system while the remaining switch in the third phase remains off.
- the switching of two of the three phases causes discontinuous operation of the motor windings such that the RMS voltage applied to the motor is reduced to a value less than 40% of the systems voltage for closer control of the motor speed during start-up.
- One advantage of simultaneously switching a pair of switches within two phases of the windings is that upon occurrence of a temporary turn-off of either of the switches, the motor current is sustained by operation of the next two semiconductor switches in the continuous switching arrangement.
- the first pair of semiconductor switches are turned on after a delay of between 170 and 180 electrical degrees measured from the zero crossing of the voltage waveform associated with the two phases that are being switched on.
- the switching order of the associated switches R, S, T is as follows. After switches R and S are switched on, switches S and T are turned on a predetermined time delay after the R and S voltage waveforms cross the zero axis. The R and T switches are turned on a predetermined time delay after the S and T voltage waveforms have crossed the zero axis. The cycle is repeated turning on the R and S switches, the S and T switches and the R and T switches with a similar intervening delay.
- the initial time delay during start-up is larger than the subsequent time delay close to when the motor becomes fully operational.
- the time delay is reduced from an initial value of 170 to 180 electrical degrees to a final value of 140 to 150 electrical degrees, depending on the motor torque generated during start-up.
- the motor start-up usually takes from 2 to 10 cycles of the electrical distribution system frequency which allows the starting voltage to be gradually applied thereby reducing transitory oscillations which otherwise would cause fluctuation of the motor torque.
- a threshold voltage is applied to the switches to allow the RMS value of the voltage applied to the motor to increase continuously without turning off any of the switches.
- the "conduction angle” is defined herein as the time duration that the semiconductor switches are on to permit current transfer to the motor.
- the transition from the discontinuous stage to the continuous stage occurs when the zero crossing of the current waveform is used to control the switching times of the semiconductor switches rather than the zero crossing of the voltage waveform.
- the specific conduction angles are determined by means of a pulse generator for time analysis or by a tachometer for velocity analysis.
- the voltage in each phase is compared with a predetermined voltage value slightly less than the motor when fully operational.
- the firing angle of the switches is rapidly increased until the voltage in each phase reaches the full operating value.
- the value can be adjusted to the full line voltage value, or reduced in proportion to the load supplied by the motor to optimize the power factor.
- the first option is to simultaneously turn off the switches and allow the motor voltage to rapidly fall to zero.
- the other method is to progressively reduce the firing angles of the switches to produce a controlled deceleration of the motor.
- An algorithm resident in the motor controller circuit controls the turn-off of the switches as a non-linear function of time.
- the three phase induction motor controller of the invention is best seen by referring now to FIG. 1.
- Three semiconductor switches 1 such as thyristors or triacs are connected in series between the three phases R, S, T of a three phase electrical power distribution system and the corresponding phases within a three phase induction motor 3. Each of the switches are connected in anti-parallel to allow current flow in both directions on both positive and negative cycles of the power system.
- Corresponding A/D converters are connected across the switches to provide digital indication (0,1) of the conductive and nonconductive states of the switches.
- a voltage comparator functioning as a zero-crossing detector 4 connects with each four phase conductor and provides input to an electronic controller 6 which conatins an EEPROM which receives input from each of the switches as to the conductive and non-conductive states thereof.
- An EMP detector and voltage comparator 5 is connected within one phase of the power system.
- the comparator compares the voltage within each phase when the switch is non-conductive to a predetermined value and provides input to the switch controller 9.
- the voltage value obtained when the switch is non-conductive is an indication of the motor velocity and allows the switch controller 9 to change the conduction angle of each of the switches 1 in the manner described earlier.
- the current transformers 7 provide input to the current comparator 8 wherein the current in each phase is compared to a predetermined current value and allows the switch controller 9 to switch on all of the switches when the predetermined current value is exceeded.
- the switch controller 9 comprises an Intel type 80535 microprocessor programmed to analyze the information received from the controller 6 as to the zero crossing of the voltage and the conductive states of the switches. The controller applies control signals to the pulse generator 10 for controlling the successive operation of the switches within each of the phases during start-up as described earlier.
- the signal generated by the velocity transducer 12 is compared with a reference value contained within the switch controller 9 that is coupled with the motor 3.
- the velocity transducer comprises either a tachometer or a pulse generator that produces a signal output proportional to the real time value of the motor velocity.
- the switch controller 9 connects with an adjustor unit 11 usually an EEPROM, which contains a reference value of the velocity contained within the adjustor unit 11. The controller 9 then activates the pulse generator to turn on the switches 1 in the same manner as described earlier for the adjustable voltage operating program.
- the pulse generator 10 connecting with the switch controller 9, controller 6 and switches 1 receives the zero crossing data and the data indicating the on/off status of the switches.
- the control signals generated by the switch controller 9 insures that the associated pair of switches within the motor phases are simultaneously switched on and off in accordance with the operating programs described earlier, such that two phases of the motor are supplied with current at all times during motor start-up.
- the voltage waveforms VS, VR, VT associated with the three power phases S, R, T are depicted in FIG. 2.
- the voltages generated across the corresponding pair of switches that are simultaneously turned on by the switch controller are designated VSR, VTR, VTS, VRS and VRT, VST, respectively.
- the currents within the power phases are designated iR, iS and iT.
- two of the switches S, T are fired simultaneously to provide voltages VSR, VTR and corresponding currents iR, iS in the R-S phases. It is noted that the switches S, R are anti-parallel such that the currents iR, iS are 180 degrees out of phase.
- the next two switches S, T are turned on resulting in currents iS, iT.
- the delay angle alpha-0 is predetermined within the control device 9 and ranges between 170-180 electrical degrees measured from the zero crossing of the switch voltage waveforms.
- the delay angle then decreases in accordance with the program from alpha-0, alpha-1 to alpha N which is preset between 140 and 150 electrical degrees.
- the current in each two of the three phases then remains on for gradually increasing increments as the delay angle continues to decrease.
- the delay reaches alpha-N the time delay for turning on the switches is then determined by the electrical angle beta measured between the zero crossing of the current waveforms within any of the three phases.
- the current zero reference is selected during motor start-up to avoid the differences in the zero crossing of the phase voltages created by the phase angle associated with the particular motor.
- the phase angle being defined as the number of electrical degrees that the voltage leads the current in all three phases.
- An option provided by the arrangement of the use of the zero crossing of the phase current waveform is the sensing of the motor velocity when the time delay beta value is close to a minimum and inputting a signal to the control device 9 to immediately increase the motor operating voltage to its full value.
- the decrease in the time delay beta and the increase in the motor voltage for three time increments A-C is depicted in FIG. 4. It is noted that the motor voltage increases rapidly to an initial value VO, gradually increases in ramp fashion as the time delay angle beta gradually decreases to a predetermined value as indicated at B, then rapidly increases to a steady operating voltage VN as the time delay angle drops to zero.
- An additional feature of the invention is the diagnostics provided by the continuous monitoring of the switches 1 by the controller 6.
- the failure of any of the switches during operation is immediately apparent and an indication can be given by means of additional circuitry.
- the loss of supply power to any of the phases is also detected in a similar manner.
- the signals to the controller unit 6 are examined. If the phase current signals to the controller are of opposite phase, then the implication is that there is a loss of conduction in the remaining phase. If the current in the two phases are in phase, the indication is that the corresponding switch has failed and should be replaced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
- Stopping Of Electric Motors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES9200923 | 1992-05-04 | ||
ES09200923A ES2047446B1 (es) | 1992-05-04 | 1992-05-04 | Aparato y metodo de control de arranque y paro de motores asincronos trifasicos. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5341080A true US5341080A (en) | 1994-08-23 |
Family
ID=8276906
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/972,821 Expired - Lifetime US5341080A (en) | 1991-11-06 | 1992-11-06 | Apparatus and three phase induction motor starting and stopping control method |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5341080A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0572729B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3025589B2 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE153197T1 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2082212A1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69219761T2 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK0572729T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2047446B1 (ko) |
GR (1) | GR3024467T3 (ko) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5578928A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-11-26 | General Electric Company | Method for detecting zero crossings in a rectified power signal |
US5627447A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-05-06 | Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting current delay angle from motor terminal voltage |
WO1999033163A1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | General Electric Company | Motor controller unit having thermal startup protection |
US6104602A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Company | Compact electrical equipment enclosure |
US6108206A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-08-22 | General Electric Company | Semiconductor thermal protection arrangement |
US6249435B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2001-06-19 | General Electric Company | Thermally efficient motor controller assembly |
US20020074858A1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2002-06-20 | Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric circuit |
US20030146722A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-08-07 | Gerd Griepentrog | Method for operating asynchronous motors and corresponding device |
US20040057171A1 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-25 | Scott Mayhew | System and method for individual phase motor over voltage protection |
US20040155622A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-12 | Scott Mayhew | System and method for stall detection of a motor |
US20050185350A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for fault contactor detection |
US20050241883A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for detecting motor run condition |
US20060098467A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-05-11 | Zia Shlaimoun | Method and device for controlling voltage |
US20060108969A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus for controlling speed of fan motor of air-conditioner |
US20080054857A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc | On-line testable solid state reversing DC motor starter |
US20080164961A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-10 | William James Premerlani | System with circuitry for suppressing arc formation in micro-electromechanical system based switch |
EP1944779A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-16 | General Electric Company | Micro-electromechanical system based electric motor starter |
US7633260B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-12-15 | Hilton Raymond Bacon | Apparatus and method for starting and stopping an AC induction motor |
CN104065306A (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 上海中远川崎重工钢结构有限公司 | 一种钢印加工装置的控制电路及其控制方法 |
RU2731625C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-09-07 | Станислав Владимирович Пастин | Способ автоматического срыва буксовки приводного колеса транспортного средства (ТС) и усиления рулевого механизма при маневрировании в режиме "Ручного управления", обеспечивающий разворот (ТС), на ограниченной территории, имеющего электропривод системы "Электрический дифференциал переменного тока", и устройство для его реализации |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2721770B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-22 | 1996-09-20 | Kohen Cecile | Procédé de commande d'un gradateur de tension pour l'alimentation d'un moteur à induction. |
DE10003692A1 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Moeller Gmbh | Elektrisches Schaltgerät |
NO20033362D0 (no) * | 2003-07-25 | 2003-07-25 | Magtech As | Mykstarter for asynkrone motorer |
CN102355175B (zh) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-05-29 | 无锡艾柯威科技有限公司 | 一种感应电机刹车控制方法 |
CN112737418B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-08-09 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | 一种电机启动控制方法、装置、空调器以及存储介质 |
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US4539514A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1985-09-03 | General Electric Company | Start-up control for an induction motor drive |
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1992
- 1992-05-04 ES ES09200923A patent/ES2047446B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-03 DK DK92203369.1T patent/DK0572729T3/da active
- 1992-11-03 AT AT92203369T patent/ATE153197T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-03 EP EP92203369A patent/EP0572729B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-03 DE DE69219761T patent/DE69219761T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-05 CA CA002082212A patent/CA2082212A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-05 JP JP4296175A patent/JP3025589B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4562396A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1985-12-31 | General Electric Company | Phase-locked loop control of an induction motor drive |
US4636702A (en) * | 1984-08-09 | 1987-01-13 | Louis W. Parker | Energy economizer controlled-current start and protection for induction motors |
US5003242A (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1991-03-26 | Square D Company | Reduced voltage starter |
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Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5578928A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-11-26 | General Electric Company | Method for detecting zero crossings in a rectified power signal |
US5627447A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-05-06 | Allen-Bradley Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting current delay angle from motor terminal voltage |
US6104602A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Company | Compact electrical equipment enclosure |
WO1999033163A1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | General Electric Company | Motor controller unit having thermal startup protection |
US6066931A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-05-23 | General Electric Company | Motor controller unit having thermal startup protection |
US6108206A (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-08-22 | General Electric Company | Semiconductor thermal protection arrangement |
US6828693B2 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2004-12-07 | Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric circuit |
US20020074858A1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2002-06-20 | Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electric circuit |
US6249435B1 (en) | 1999-08-16 | 2001-06-19 | General Electric Company | Thermally efficient motor controller assembly |
US20030146722A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2003-08-07 | Gerd Griepentrog | Method for operating asynchronous motors and corresponding device |
US6870333B2 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2005-03-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating asynchronous motors and corresponding device |
US20060098467A1 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-05-11 | Zia Shlaimoun | Method and device for controlling voltage |
US7006338B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2006-02-28 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for individual phase motor over voltage protection |
US20040057171A1 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-25 | Scott Mayhew | System and method for individual phase motor over voltage protection |
US20040155622A1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2004-08-12 | Scott Mayhew | System and method for stall detection of a motor |
US7196491B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2007-03-27 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for stall detection of a motor |
US20050185350A1 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-08-25 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for fault contactor detection |
US7130170B2 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2006-10-31 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for fault contactor detection |
US7342371B2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2008-03-11 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for detecting motor run condition |
US20050241883A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | System and method for detecting motor run condition |
US20060108969A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-25 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus for controlling speed of fan motor of air-conditioner |
WO2008027867A3 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-10-30 | Westinghouse Electric Co Llc | An on-line testable solid state reversing dc motor starter |
US20080054857A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Westinghouse Electric Company, Llc | On-line testable solid state reversing DC motor starter |
US7397222B2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-07-08 | Westinghouse Electric Co Llc | On-line testable solid state reversing DC motor starter |
WO2008027867A2 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Westinghouse Electric Co. Llc | An on-line testable solid state reversing dc motor starter |
US20080164961A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-10 | William James Premerlani | System with circuitry for suppressing arc formation in micro-electromechanical system based switch |
JP2008173002A (ja) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-24 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 微小電気機械システムベースの電気モータ起動装置 |
EP1944779A2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-16 | General Electric Company | Micro-electromechanical system based electric motor starter |
KR101483298B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-10 | 2015-01-15 | 제너럴 일렉트릭 캄파니 | 모터 시동기 |
US9076607B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2015-07-07 | General Electric Company | System with circuitry for suppressing arc formation in micro-electromechanical system based switch |
EP2045823A2 (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-08 | General Electric Company | System with circuitry for suppressing arc formation in micro-electromechanical system based switch |
US7633260B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2009-12-15 | Hilton Raymond Bacon | Apparatus and method for starting and stopping an AC induction motor |
CN104065306A (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 上海中远川崎重工钢结构有限公司 | 一种钢印加工装置的控制电路及其控制方法 |
CN104065306B (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-08-24 | 上海中远川崎重工钢结构有限公司 | 一种钢印加工装置的控制电路及其控制方法 |
RU2731625C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-09-07 | Станислав Владимирович Пастин | Способ автоматического срыва буксовки приводного колеса транспортного средства (ТС) и усиления рулевого механизма при маневрировании в режиме "Ручного управления", обеспечивающий разворот (ТС), на ограниченной территории, имеющего электропривод системы "Электрический дифференциал переменного тока", и устройство для его реализации |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2082212A1 (en) | 1993-11-05 |
JP3025589B2 (ja) | 2000-03-27 |
EP0572729B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
DK0572729T3 (da) | 1997-12-01 |
GR3024467T3 (en) | 1997-11-28 |
JPH05336774A (ja) | 1993-12-17 |
DE69219761D1 (de) | 1997-06-19 |
EP0572729A3 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
EP0572729A2 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
ATE153197T1 (de) | 1997-05-15 |
DE69219761T2 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
ES2047446A2 (es) | 1994-02-16 |
ES2047446R (ko) | 1996-01-01 |
ES2047446B1 (es) | 1996-10-16 |
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