US5318935A - Amido transition metal compound and a catalyst system for the production of isotatic polypropylene - Google Patents
Amido transition metal compound and a catalyst system for the production of isotatic polypropylene Download PDFInfo
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- US5318935A US5318935A US07/922,646 US92264692A US5318935A US 5318935 A US5318935 A US 5318935A US 92264692 A US92264692 A US 92264692A US 5318935 A US5318935 A US 5318935A
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- United States
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- radicals
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- radical
- catalyst system
- hydrocarbyl
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- -1 Amido transition metal compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminyl Chemical compound [NH2] MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 101150108015 STR6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 87
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 35
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical group C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 7
- 229910007928 ZrCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920001580 isotactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 3
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001576 syndiotactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000576 tactic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006659 (C1-C20) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLDVQHVZXJDSII-UHFFFAOYSA-N C12=CC=CCC2CCC1[Ti]C1C2=CC=CCC2CC1 Chemical compound C12=CC=CCC2CCC1[Ti]C1C2=CC=CCC2CC1 DLDVQHVZXJDSII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Natural products P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920010524 Syndiotactic polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical group C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M bis(2-methylpropyl)alumanylium;chloride Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](Cl)CC(C)C HQMRIBYCTLBDAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylazanide Chemical compound CC[N-]CC UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide Chemical compound C[N-]C QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate Chemical compound CCC[O-] IKNCGYCHMGNBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- COEYXIBLSAIEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dihydride Chemical compound [TiH2] COEYXIBLSAIEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(methylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound C[SiH2]O[Si](C)(C)C UHUUYVZLXJHWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(4+) ion Chemical compound [Zr+4] GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/06—Propene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/943—Polymerization with metallocene catalysts
Definitions
- This invention relates to certain bridged and unbridged amido transition metal compounds of the Group IV-B metals, to a catalyst system comprising an amido transition metal compound and an alumoxane, and to a process using the catalyst system for the production of high molecular weight polyolefins and, particularly, high molecular weight isotactic polypropylene.
- the physical properties exhibited by a particular olefin polymer of a particular molecular weight are determined in major part by the arrangement of these hydrocarbyl groups along the polymer backbone. Strong polymers tend to be stereochemically regular, meaning the adjacent hydrocarbyl groups reside on the same side of the polymer backbone or switch at fairly regular intervals. Either arrangement facilitates crystalization thus lending ridgidity and strength to the the solidified polymer.
- M w weight average molecular weight
- MWD molecular weight distribution
- the M w of such a resin must generally be in excess of 100,000.
- stereoregularity Five types of stereoregularity, or tacticity, have been characterized: atactic, normal isotactic, isotactic stereoblock, syndiotactic, and hemiisotactic. Although all of these stereoregular configurations have been primarily demonstrated in the case of polypropylene, in theory each is equally possible for polymers comprised of any olefin, cyclic olefin or internal olefin, having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- Atactic polyolefins are those wherein the hydrocarbyl groups pendent to the polymer molecule backbone assume no regular order in space with reference to the backbone.
- This random structure is represented by a polymer backbone of alternating methylene and methine carbons, with randomly oriented branches substituting the methine carbons.
- the methine carbons randomly have R and S configurations, creating adjacent pairs either of like configuration (a "meso" or "m” dyad) or of unlike configuration (a "racemic” or “r” dyad).
- the atactic form of a polymer contains approximately equal fractions of meso and racemic dyads.
- atactic polyolefins exhibit no regular order or repeating unit configurations in the polymer chain, they are amorphous materials. Atactic polyolefins exhibit little if any crystallinity, hence they are generally unsuitable for high strength applications regardless of the weight average molecular weight of the resin.
- Isotactic polyolefins are those wherein the pendent hydrocarbyl groups are ordered in space to the same side or plane of the polymer backbone chain.
- the isotactic structure is typically described as having the pendent methyl groups attached to the ternary carbon atoms of successive monomeric units on the same side of a hypothetical plane through the carbon backbone chain of the polymer, e.g., the methyl groups are all above or below the plane as shown below.
- the degree of isotactic regularity may be measured by NMR techniques. Bovey's NMR nomenclature for an isotactic pentad is . . . mmmm . . . with each "m" representing a "meso" dyad or successive methyl groups on the same side in the plane.
- stereoblock isotactic polymer differs from the formation of the normal isotactic structure in the way that the propagation site reacts to a stereochemical error in the chain.
- the normal isotactic chain will return to the original configuration following an error because the stereochemical regulator, the catalytic active metal species and its surrounding ligands, continues to dictate the same stereochemical preference during monomer insertion.
- the catalytically active metal site itself changes from one which dictates a monomer insertion of R configuration to one which dictates an S configuration for monomer insertion.
- the isotactic stereoblock form is shown below. ##STR2##
- the lengths of individual blocks of the same configuration in the stereoblock structure vary widely due to changing reaction conditions. Since only the erroneous parts of the chains affect the crystallinity of the resin product, in general, normal isotactic polymers and isotactic stereoblock polymers of long block length (greater than 50 isotactic placements) have similar properties.
- isotactic polyolefins exhibit a high degree of crystallinity. Accordingly, isotactic polyolefins are, depending upon their weight average molecular weight exceeding about 100,000, well suited to high strength end use applications.
- Syndiotactic polyolefins are those wherein the hydrocarbyl groups pendent to the polymer molecular backbone alternate sequentially in order from one side or plane to the opposite side or plane relative to the polymer backbone, as shown below.
- this segment, or pentad is described as . . . rrrr . . . in which each r represents a "racemic" dyad, i.e., successive methyl groups on alternate sides of the plane.
- the percentage of r dyads in the chain determines the degree of syndiotacticity of the polymer.
- syndiotactic polymers are generally highly crystalline and will frequently have high melting points similar to their isotactic polymorphs. Like isotactic polyolefins, syndiotactic polyolefins are capable of exhibiting a high degree of crystallinity, hence are suitable for high strength applications provided their M w exceeds about 100,000.
- the final resin properties and its suitability for particular applications depend on the type of tacticity, the melting point, the average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution, the type and level of monomer and comonomer, the sequence distribution, and the presence or absence of head or end group functionality.
- the catalyst system by which such a stereoregular polyolefin is to be produced should, desirably, be versatile in terms of M w , MWD, tacticity type and level, and comonomer choice. Further, the catalyst system should be capable of producing these polymers with or without head and/or end group functionality, such as olefinic unsaturation.
- Such catalyst system must be capable, as a commercially practical constraint, of producing such resins at an acceptable production rate.
- the catalyst system should be one which, at its productivity rate, provides a resin product which does not require a subsequent treatment to remove catalyst residue to a level which is acceptable for the resin in the end use application desired.
- Catalysts that produce isotactic polyolefins are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,096.
- This patent discloses a chiral, stereorigid metallocene catalyst which is activated by an alumoxane cocatalyst which is reported to polymerize olefins to isotactic polyolefin forms.
- Alumoxane cocatalyzed metallocene structures which have been reported to polymerize stereoregularly are the ethylene bridged bis-indenyl and bis-tetrahydroindenyl titanium and zirconium (IV) catalyst.
- Such catalyst systems were synthesized and studied in Wild et al., J. Organomet. Chem.
- transition metal based catalysts having amido groups attached to the transition metal have received some attention in polymer research.
- a process for producing syndiotactic polystyrene using a tris-amido zirconium catalyst is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,301.
- the zirconium compound may be combined with an alumoxane to produce a polymerization catalyst.
- a syndiotactic polymer results when vinyl aromatic monomers, which have been known to yield syndiotactic polymers generally, are polymerized by a tris-amido zirconium-alumoxane catalyst.
- a catalyst as disclosed hereinafter for producing high molecular weight, highly isotactic polymers It is further desirable that such a catalyst have high activity so as to allow production of a polymer which is ready to be molded and/or machined for its ultimate use without treatment for removal of contaminants (catalyst residue). It is also desirable to obtain a catalyst that is useful for production of ethylene base polymers.
- This invention discloses an alumoxane cocatalyzed catalyst system for the production of highly crystalline polyolefins the transition metal component of which is a bridged amido transition metal compound represented by the general formula: ##STR4## wherein: "M” is zirconium, hafnium or titanium; “N” is a nitrogen atom having three substituents; “y” is 1 or 0 denoting the presence or absence, respectively, of a bridging group T between nitrogen atoms and "z” is 2-y; "X” and “X'” are any univalent anionic ligand such as a halide, hydride, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 hydrocarbyl, alkoxide, aryloxide, amide, arylamide, phosphide, arylphosphide, or "X" and “X'” together are a divalent radical such as an alkylidene, cyclometallated hydrocarbyl or any other di
- the catalyst system is prepared by the combination of an amido transition metal compound and an alumoxane, and may be employed in solution, slurry, gas phase, or high pressure polymerization.
- the catalyst may also be prepared in the supported form.
- the catalyst system of this invention polymerizes propylene to high molecular weight, highly isotactic polypropylene, in addition to homopolymerizing ethylene and copolymerizing ethylene or propylene with ⁇ -olefins, cyclic olefins, dienes or other unsaturated monomers.
- the Group IV-B transition metal component of the catalyst system is represented by the general formula: ##STR5## wherein the letter symbols have the following meanings: "M” is zirconium, titanium or hafnium;
- N is a nitrogen atom having three substituent groups
- each "R” is independently a radical selected from the group consisting of singly branched hydrocarbyl radicals having between 1 and 30 carbon atoms, preferably between 3 and 30 carbon atoms; multiply branched hydrocarbyl radicals having between 1 and 30 carbon atoms, preferably between 3 and 30 carbon atoms; halogen radicals; amido radicals; phosphido radicals; silyl radicals; alkoxy; and alkylborido radicals; substituted C 1 -C 30 hydrocarbyl radicals wherein one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a halogen radical, an amido radical, a phosphido radical, an alkoxy radical or any other radical containing a Lewis acidic or basic functionality; C 1 -C 30 hydrocarbyl-substituted metalloid radicals wherein the metalloid is selected from the Group IV-A of the Periodic Table of Elements;
- each "X” is independently any univalent anionic ligand such as a halide, hydride, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 hydrocarbyl, alkoxide, aryloxide, amide, arylamide, phosphide, arylphosphide or both "X" and "X'” together are an alkylidene, a cyclometallated hydrocarbyl or any other divalent anionic chelating ligand; more particularly, X may be a ligand of the general formula N(R) 2 wherein R has the same meaning previously ascribed to it; most particularly, X may be a silylamide of the general formula N[Si(R) 3]2 ;
- T is a covalent bridging group containing a Group IV-A or VI-A element such as, but not limited to, a dialkyl, alkylaryl or diaryl silicon radical; a dialkyl, alkylaryl or diaryl germanium radical; alkyl or aryl phosphine; alkyl or aryl amine radical; an oxygen or sulfur radical; or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 or more carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene and the like.
- a Group IV-A or VI-A element such as, but not limited to, a dialkyl, alkylaryl or diaryl silicon radical; a dialkyl, alkylaryl or diaryl germanium radical; alkyl or aryl phosphine; alkyl or aryl amine radical; an oxygen or sulfur radical; or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 or more carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene and the like.
- T group which are suitable as a constituent group of the Group IV-B transition metal component of the catalyst system are dimethylsilyl, diethylsilyl, di-n-propylsilyl, diisopropylsilyl,di-n-butylsilyl,di-t-butylsilyl,di-n-hexylsilyl, methylphenylsilyl, ethylmethylsilyl, diphenylsilyl, di(p-t-butylphenethylsilyl), n-hexylmethylsilyl, cyclopentamethylenesilyl, cyclotetramethylenesilyl, cyclotrimethylenesilyl, dimethylgermanyl, diethylgermanyl, methylene, dimethylmethylene, diethylmethylene, ethylene, dimethylethylene, diethylethylene, dipropylethylene, propylene, dimethylpropylene, dieth
- Exemplary hydrocarbyl radicals for X are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, isobutyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, cetyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl and the like, with methyl being preferred.
- Exemplary halogen atoms for X include chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, with chlorine being preferred.
- Exemplary alkoxides and aryloxides for X are methoxide, ethoxide, propoxide, butoxide, phenoxide and substituted phenoxides such as 4-methylphenoxide.
- Exemplary amides of X are dimethylamide, diethylamide, methylethylamide, di-t-butylamide, diisoproylamide and the like.
- Exemplary aryl amides are diphenylamide and any other substituted phenyl amides.
- Exemplary silyl amides are di-trimethylsilylamide, di-triethylsilylamide and triethyl-trimethyl silylamide, with di-trimethylsilylamide being preferred.
- Exemplary phosphides of X are diphenylphosphide, dicyclohexylphosphide, diethylphosphide, dimethylphosphide and the like.
- Exemplary alkyldiene radicals for both X's together are methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene, or the dianion of ethyleneglycol and the like.
- Suitable hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals for the R group will contain from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and include singly and multiply branche alkyl radicals, cyclic hydrocarbon radicals, alkyl-substituted cyclic hydrocarbon radicals, aromatic radicals and alkyl-substituted aromatic radicals, amido-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, phosphido-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, alkoxy-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, and halo-substituted hydrocarbon radicals or hydrocarbon radicals containing substitutions by any Lewis basic or acidic functional group.
- Suitable organometallic radicals for the R group include trimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, triphenylgermyl, trimethylgermyl and the like.
- Other suitable radicals for the R group include amido radicals, phosphido radicals, alkoxy radicals, alkyl boride radicals and the like.
- the organometalic radicals of silicon such as trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, ethyldimethylsilyl and methyldiethylsilyl are preferred; the most preferred being trimethylsilyl.
- transition metal compounds are: bis(di-trimethylsilylamido) zirconium dichloride, bis(di-isobutylamido) hafnium dimethyl, bis(di-tertbutylamido)zirconium dichloride, (di-cyclohexylamido)(di-trimethylsilylamido) titanium dihydride, tris(di-trimethylsilylamido) zirconium chloride,tris(di-triphenylgermylamido) hafniumchloride, and tetrakis(di-trimethylsilylamido) zirconium.
- the Group IV-B metal compounds have been used to produce isotactic polypropylene of high stereoregularity.
- the achiral compound bis(di-trimethylsilylamido) zirconium dichloride is combined with alumoxane to form a catalyst system, that system is capable of producing isotactic polypropylene having fewer than 50 chain defects per 1000 monomer units.
- the preparation of compounds of this type are well known in the literature and include references such as R. A. Anderson, Inorganic Chemistry (1979), 18, 2928.
- the alumoxane component of the catalyst system is an oligomeric compound which may be represented by the general formula (R 3 --Al--O) m which is a cyclic compound, or may be R 4 (R 5 --Al--O--) m --AlR 2 6 which is a linear compound.
- An alumoxane is generally a mixture of both the linear and cyclic compounds.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are, independently a C 1 -C 5 alkyl radical, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl and "m" is an integer from 1 to about 50.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each methyl and "m" is at least 4.
- R 3-6 groups may be halide.
- alumoxanes can be prepared by various procedures.
- a trialkyl aluminum may be reacted with water, in the form of a moist inert organic solvent; or the trialkyl aluminum may be contacted with a hydrated salt, such as hydrated copper sulfate suspended in an inert organic solvent, to yield an alumoxane.
- a hydrated salt such as hydrated copper sulfate suspended in an inert organic solvent
- Suitable alumoxanes which may be utilized in the catalyst systems of this invention are those prepared by the hydrolysis of a trialkylaluminum or haloalkylaluminum; such as trimethylaluminum, triethyaluminum, tripropylaluminum; triisobutylaluminum, dimethylaluminumchloride, diisobutylaluminumchloride, diethylaluminumchloride, and the like.
- the most preferred alumoxane for use is methylalumoxane (MAO).
- the catalyst systems employed in the invention comprise a complex formed upon admixture of the amido Group IV-B transition metal component with an alumoxane component.
- the catalyst system may be prepared by addition of the requisite bis-amido Group IV-B transition metal and alumoxane components to an inert solvent in which olefin polymerization can be carried out by a solution, slurry or bulk phase polymerization procedure.
- the catalyst system may be conveniently prepared by placing the selected amido Group IV-B transition metal component and the selected alumoxane component, in any order of addition, in an alkane or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent--preferably one which is also suitable for service as a polymerization diluent. Where the hydrocarbon solvent utilized is also suitable for use as a polymerization diluent, the catalyst system may be prepared in situ in the polymerization reactor. Alternatively, the catalyst system may be separately prepared, in concentrated form, and added to the polymerization diluent in a reactor.
- the components of the catalyst system may be prepared as separate solutions and added to the polymerization diluent in a reactor, in appropriate ratios, as is suitable for a continuous liquid phase polymerization reaction procedure.
- Alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons suitable as solvents for formation of the catalyst system and also as a polymerization diluent are exemplified by, but are not necessarily limited to, straight and branched chain hydrocarbons such as isobutane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and the like, cyclic and alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane and the like, and aromatic and alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like.
- Suitable solvents also include liquid olefins which may act as monomers or
- amido Group IV-B transition metal compound is present in the polymerization diluent in a concentration of from about 0.0001 to about 1.0 millimoles/liter of diluent and the alumoxane component is present in an amount to provide a molar aluminum to transition metal ratio of from about 1:1 to about 20,000:1.
- Sufficient solvent should be employed so as to provide adequate heat transfer away from the catalyst components during reaction and to permit good mixing.
- the temperature maintained during the contact of the catalyst components can vary widely, such as, for example, from -10° to 300° C. Greater or lesser temperatures can also be employed.
- the reaction is maintained within a temperature of from about 25° to 100° C., most preferably about 25° C.
- the individual catalyst system components, as well as the catalyst system once formed, are protected from oxygen and moisture. Therefore, the reactions to prepare the catalyst system are performed in an oxygen and moisture free atmosphere and, where the catalyst system is recovered separately it is recovered in an oxygen and moisture free atmosphere. Preferably, therefore, the reactions are performed in the presence of an inert dry gas such as, for example, helium or nitrogen.
- an inert dry gas such as, for example, helium or nitrogen.
- the catalyst system is utilized in the liquid phase (slurry, solution, suspension or bulk phase or combination thereof), high pressure fluid phase or gas phase polymerization of an olefin monomer.
- liquid phase process comprises the steps of contacting an olefin monomer with the catalyst system in a suitable polymerization diluent and reacting said monomer in the presence of said catalyst system for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a polyolefin of high molecular weight.
- the monomer for such process may comprise propylene alone, for the production of a isotactic polypropylene.
- Conditions most preferred for the production of isotactic polypropylene are those wherein propylene is submitted to the reaction zone at pressures of from about 0.019 psi to about 50,000 psi and the reaction temperature is maintained at from about -100° to about 300° C.
- the aluminum to transition metal molar ratio is preferably from about 1:1 to 20,000:1. A more preferable range would be 1:1 to 2000:1.
- the reaction time is preferably from about 1 hour to about 6 hours.
- the monomer may also comprise ethylene alone, for the production of homopolyethylene, or ethylene in combination with an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms for the production of an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- Homopolymers of higher ⁇ -olefin such as butene and copolymers thereof with ethylene and/or C 4 or higher ⁇ -olefins and diolefins can also be prepared.
- Conditions most preferred for the homo- or copolymerization of ethylene are those wherein ethylene is submitted to the reaction zone at pressures of from about 0.019 psi to about 50,000 psi and the reaction temperature is maintained at from about -100° to about 300° C.
- the aluminum to transition metal molar ratio is preferably from about 1:1 to 20,000:1. A more preferable range would be 1:1 to 2000:1.
- the reaction time is preferably from about 10 seconds to about 1 hour.
- one means for carrying out the process of the present invention for production of a copolymer is as follows: in a stirred-tank reactor, liquid ⁇ -olefin monomer is introduced, such as 1-butene.
- the catalyst system is introduced via nozzles in either the vapor or liquid phase.
- Feed ethylene gas is introduced either into the vapor phase of the reactor, or sparged into the liquid phase as is well known in the art.
- the reactor contains a liquid phase composed substantially of liquid ⁇ -olefin comonomer, together with dissolved ethylene gas, and a vapor phase containing vapors of all monomers.
- the reactor temperature and pressure may be controlled via reflux of vaporizing ⁇ -olefin monomer (autorefrigeration), as well as by cooling coils, jackets etc.
- the polymerization rate is controlled by the concentration of catalyst.
- the ethylene content of the polymer product is determined by the ratio of ethylene to ⁇ -olefin comonomer in the reactor, which is controlled by manipulating the relative feed rates of these components to the reactor.
- the polymerization run was performed in a 1-liter autoclave reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer, an external water jacket for temperature control, a regulated supply of dry nitrogen, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and hexane, and a septum inlet for introduction of other solvents or comonomers, transition metal compound and alumoxane solutions.
- the reactor was dried and degassed thoroughly prior to use.
- a typical run consisted of injecting 400 ml of toluene, 5 ml 1.0 M MAO, 0.27 mg of [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 2 ZrCl 2 (0.2 ml of a 13.5 mg in 10 ml of toluene solution) into the reactor.
- the reactor was then heated to 80° C. and the ethylene (60 psi) was introduced into the system.
- the polymerization reaction was limited to 10 minutes.
- the reaction was ceased by rapidly cooling and venting the system.
- the polymerization was performed in a stirred 100 ml stainless steel autoclave which was equipped to perform polymerizations at temperatures up to 300° C. and pressures up to 2500 bar.
- the reactor was evacuated, purged with nitrogen, purged with ethylene and heated to 202° C.
- the comonomer, 1-hexene (75 ml) was added to the reactor under ethylene pressure.
- a stock solution of [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 2 ZrCl 2 was prepared by dissolving 7.6 mg of the transition metal compound in 25 ml of toluene.
- the test solution was prepared by adding 2.5 ml of the stock solution to 10.0 ml of a 1.0 M MAO solution.
- the test solution (0.43 ml) was transferred by nitrogen pressure into a constant-volume injection tube.
- the autoclave was pressurized with ethylene to 1792 bar and was stirred at 1800 rpm.
- the test solution (0.43 ml) was injected into the autoclave with excess pressure, at which time a temperature rise of 9° C. was observed.
- the temperature and pressure were recorded continuously for 120 seconds, at which time the contents of the autoclave were rapidly vented into a receiving vessel.
- the reactor was evacuated, purged with nitrogen, purged with ethylene and heated to 199° C.
- the comonomer 1-hexene (75 ml), was added to the reactor under ethylene pressure.
- a stock solution of [(Me 3 Si) 2 N] 2 HfCl 2 was prepared by dissolving 9.0 mg of the transition metal compound in 25 ml of toluene.
- the test solution was prepared by adding 2.5 ml of the stock solution to 10.0 ml of a 1.0 M MAO solution.
- the test solution (0.43 ml) was transferred by nitrogen pressure into a constant-volume injection tube.
- the autoclave was pressurized with ethylene to 1831 bar and was stirred at 1800 rpm.
- test solution was injected into the autoclave with excess pressure, at which time a temperature rise of 7° C. was observed.
- the temperature and pressure were recorded continuously for 120 seconds, at which time the contents of the autoclave were rapidly vented into a received vessel.
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US5707913A (en) * | 1994-06-15 | 1998-01-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Amidinato catalyst systems for the polymerization of olefins |
US5777120A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-07-07 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Cationic aluminum alkyl complexes incorporating amidinate ligands as polymerization catalysts |
WO1998037109A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-24 | 1998-08-27 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Copolymeres d'olefine provenant de composes catalyseurs du groupe 4 bis(arylamido) pontes |
US5851945A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-12-22 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalyst compositions comprising group 5 transition metal compounds stabilized in their highest metal oxidation state |
WO1999005186A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-27 | 1999-02-04 | Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. | Procede permettant de produire des polymeres et des elastomeres stereoreguliers d'alpha-olefines et nouveaux catalyseurs a utiliser avec ledit procede |
US5986025A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1999-11-16 | Korea Academy Of Industrial Technology | Metallocene compound and method for producing polymer by using it as polymerization catalyst |
US6030917A (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 2000-02-29 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Combinatorial synthesis and analysis of organometallic compounds and catalysts |
US6030918A (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2000-02-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Gallium based low-interaction anions |
US6096676A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2000-08-01 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalyst for the production of olefin polymers |
US6103657A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2000-08-15 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalyst for the production of olefin polymers |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0569388A1 (fr) | 1993-11-18 |
JPH06510801A (ja) | 1994-12-01 |
WO1992012162A1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 |
ATE135358T1 (de) | 1996-03-15 |
DE69117982D1 (de) | 1996-04-18 |
AU9136391A (en) | 1992-08-17 |
DE69117982T2 (de) | 1996-08-08 |
JP3255173B2 (ja) | 2002-02-12 |
ES2085000T3 (es) | 1996-05-16 |
EP0569388B1 (fr) | 1996-03-13 |
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