US531413A - gavioli - Google Patents

Description

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G. GAVIOLI. MECHANISM FOR AGTUATING KEYBOARDS BY MEANS OF PERFORATED CARDS.

No. 531,413. Patented Dec. 25,1894.

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0. GAVIO-LI. MECHANISM FOR AGTUATING KEYBOARDS BY MEANS OF PERFORATED CARDS.

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G. GAVIOLI. MECHANISM FOR AGTUATING KEYBOARDS BY MEANS O1? PERFORATED Y CARDS. No. 531,413. Patented Dec. 25,1894.

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0. GAVIOLI. MECHANISM FOR AGTUATING KEYBOARDS BY MEANS OF PERFORATBD GARDS.

Patented Dec. 25, 1894.

Ultimate STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLAUDE GAVIOLI, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING KEYBOARDS BY MEANS OF PERFORATED CARDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 531,413, dated December 25, 1894.

Application filed May 3, 1894- Serial No. 509,916. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CLAUDE GAVIOLI, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanism for Actuating, by Means of Perforated Cards, the Keyboards of Organs and the Like, of which the following is a specification.

In spite of the progress realized by organbuilders in the means of producing automatical music, all the attempts made to enable the mechanical accompaniment of plain-chant and other church music, while observing the rhythm, have heretofore given no practical result.

This invention relates to an apparatus which may be adapted to the key-boards of organs and harmoniums, and by means of which any singer may become an organist without previous study; the chords corresponding to the plain-chant notes being formed by pressing upon a lever or handle situated in front of the apparatus, in following the rhythm of the music, and the accompaniment being performed as by the play of an experienced organist.

My invention consists of certain features of construction and combination of parts to be hereinafter described and then particularized in the claims.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a part of the case of the apparatus, showing the feeding mechanism for the perforated cards. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the apparatus, showing the perforated card in its passage at the upper part of the same. Fig. 2 is a section lengthwise of the perforated cards showing the construction whereby the cards without stopping the mechanism, are permitted to follow each other successively. Fig. is a crosssection of the apparatus, and Fig. i is a longitudinal section of the same, partly in elevation'. Fig. 5 is a plan view showing an alternative form of the movable frame actuated through the outer operating handle. Fig. 6

shows the arrangement which may be adopted when it is desired to place my apparatus, not directly on the organ key, but in front of the key-board.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the apparatus, showing it placed on the key-board of an organ. Fig. 8 is a plan view illustrating the key-levers of the apparatus. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus showing some of the devices connected to and operated by one of the operating levers of said apparatus. Figs. 10 and 11 relate respectively to the arrangements adopted for enabling short notes and slurred notes to be produced. Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view of the parts used for producing short and slurred notes.

My apparatus operates by means of perforated cards X, on which I mark the words and signs indicating the value of the notes corresponding to each syllable. In Fig. 2 these signs are shown placed immediately below the words. As the cards advance, each of these signs comes opposite afinger 1 (Fig. 2), and thus the singer may, by simply inspecting this sign, know the rate at which he has to operate the hand-lever. He may thus give to the note delivered by the organ its exact value.

In order to enable the accompanist, without any study, to properly perform the musical piece, I have combined my mechanism so that the interval between one chord and another as well as the slurred notes, the detached notes and even the pauses, are produced automatically as perfectly and regularly as by an organist playing directly on the keyboard 0 of the organ. A suitable case A contains the mechanism of the apparatus and is provided with a cover 0' which is hinged thereto at O and provided with a knob O for lifting it by. The handle A which is shown in the several views of the drawings, projecting at the front of the case A through an opening Ct is formed integral with the operating arm, or better, with the driving frame located inside the case. The two operating levers B forming part of said frame are connected by a cross-bar b (Fig. 4) at their movable or outer end, and this cross-bar 17 serves, as will be seen hereinafter, to operate the several parts of the mechanism. Said levers B are connected together, at their other end, by a rock-shaft c (Fig. 1) through which they swing between the two boxes 0 in which the shaft has bearing. Instead of employing this movable frame arrangement B, b, c, I may adopt the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5, in which both levers B are always connected in front by a cross-bar 1) adapted to actuate the parts of the mechanism. These two levers are always pivoted in the side bearings C, but they carry at the rear a counter-poise 2 which tends to return the frame to its normal position when the handle A is relieved from pressure.

In the following description, I will assume that the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1, 3 and a is adopted.

The frame B, b, c, is held by a spring D (Fig. 4) which is attached to the case A at (l and also to the lever B of the frame opposite the handle A, and tends to pull the frame upward. The attachment of said spring and movable frame is etfectuated by means of a hook E and a pin e secured to the frame. On this same lever of the frame B, b, 0, within the latter and in close proximity to the fulcrum c, is pivoted at 3 to the frame B, b, c, a movable arm F (Fig. 1) which serves to move the perforated cards forward. By means of the spring G attached to the movable arm F and bearing down on the lever B through a pin H, the arm F is caused to adhere to the upper part of the case, or better, tends constantly to bear against the inner face of the upper part of the case. Said arm F is guided at its movable end by a lateral guide finger f which is received in a groove or notch in a bracket or lug at fixed to the case, and thereby preventing Vibration of the arm. Extending downwardly from the outer end of arm F is a foot-piece I (Fig. 1), in a forked part at the center of which foot-piece is pivoted, a bellcrank lever 5 which, with its toothed trident shaped end 5, enters three of the equidistant holes of the row of holes 6 (Fig. 2) formed on the card X. The other end J of the bell-crank lever 5 receives, through the spring blade K projecting from and screwed under the lever B the movement which compels the toothed end to advance the card X the distance of a hole whenever the movable frame B, b, c, rises. On pressing upon the handle A and when the frame B, b, c, beginsto move down, drawn by the handle, the pivoted arm F remains sta tionary; but the frame B, b, c, in approaching the end of its stroke, strikes the projectign toe L of foot-piece I, and carries the same downwardly with it until it arrives at the end of its stroke, as indicated in dotted lines Fig. 1. This impulse of foot-piece I causes the arm F to move down, since thelatter is made integral with said piece I. The bell-crank lever 5 moves down simultaneously with the foot-piece I, and the trident 5 leaves the holes 6 formed on the card; but immediately said trident is forced from the left to the right by the action of spring M (Fig. 1), so that when the handle in returning leaves the piece F to be acted upon by its spring G, the trident will ascend at the same time, but will not place itself in the same card holes as before, but in holes more at the right and will push the card from right to left, until the upper part of bell-crank lever 5 bears against its stop formed by one end of the yoke N (Fig. 1) affixed to arm F. It is consequently through successive motions that the cards advance each time the handle A is depressed, and the card-holes composing a chord will come over the inclined noses (3 of the L-shaped keys 7 of a small metallic keyboard pivoted at 8 and provided with springs as hereinafter set forth. Said inclined noses (3 of the keys by entering the card-holes, allow, as will presently be explained, the frame B, b, c, to act upon the corresponding keys of the key-board, while on the contrary the noses 6, arrested by the solid parts of the card, prevent any action of said frame 13,1), 0, on the corresponding keys of the organ.

To the lower end of each key '7 carrying at its upper part the nose 6, is pivoted a rod 0 which serves to transmit the action of the driving frame B, b, c, to the levers S pivoted at one end to the frame of the apparatus (Figs. 4: and 9). Each metallic key '7 is actuated by a spring 9 which is affixed to the top of the case and bears upon the heel 7 of the key, the function of which spring is to cause the inclined nose 6 of the key to enter the card-holes. l/Vhen one of said holes appears over a nose 0, the corresponding key 7 swings around its fulcrum 8, and the corresponding rod 0 is shifted to the left and comes into position to be acted upon, at its end, by the cross-bar b of frame B, b, 0, when a downward pressure has been exerted on the handle A.

Fig. 9 in which is shown the detail of one key only, will enable any one to readily understand the movementjust referred to, which could have hardly been explained by reference to Fig. 4 where allthe parts of the mechanism are illustrated.

The ends of rods 0 are guided, and each of them slides in a notch 0' (Fig. 3) provided in the plate R (Figs. 3, 4; and 9). It is evident that the notches 7' cannot be seen in Figs. 1 and 9, in both of which plate R is seen only from its end. The notches r of plate R are ofa suitable depth to allow a vertical shifting of the rods to an extent equal to the verticalshit'ting which is to be imparted to the organ keys. In the same notches provided in the piece ll enter the curved end-projections S of two rows of striker levers S formed of metallic blades having the same thickness as the rods 0 As seen in Figs. at and 9, the ends .9 of striker levers S are in contact with the lower sides of the rods 0 One row of the strikerlevers S may swing around an axis 9 placed in the notched cross-piece U of front-piece T on which the case A is mounted (Fig. 3), the pivot of the other row of levers S being placed symmetrically to the left of the apparatus. To better explain this arrangement,

We will suppose the first striker lever S in front of the apparatus as seen in Fig. 4, to have its fulcrum at 9 011 the notched part U of the front-piece T. The second striker-lever will be directed toward the left of the apparatus instead of the right, and will have its fulcrum at the left end of front-piece T which carries also a notched piece U and the third striker-lever will have the same fulcrum 9 as the first one, and so on for the striker-levers of uneven number,-the striker-levers of even number having their fulcrums at the left end of the apparatus (Fig. 4). On the underside of each of these levers S is fixed a striker or projecting pawl 10. Said strikers 1O put levers S in connection through impact with another row of wooden key-levers V (Figs. 3 and 8). This connection is not actual, as each striker 10 merely impinges against its corresponding lever V when its own lever S falls. Each striker 10 is secured, on its corresponding lever S, at such a distance from the pivot 9 of the lever, that when all the levers are arranged in the apparatus, the strikers come close together, being separated with relation to each other at a distance equal to the interval between each lever S.

The key-levers V above referred to, which correspond to the organ keys 0, are placed in the same direction as the latter and consequently they cross the metal striker-levers S.

As shown in Fig. 3, the wooden key-levers V swing in notches provided in the wooden bar WV forming the back of the frame X which is placed on the key-board of the organ. By means of screws Y, placed at the four corners of the frame, as indicated in Fig. 8, the suitable height to be given to the apparatus on the key-board of the organ may be regulated.

On the front part of the apparatus, placed on the left of Fig. 3, is provided a rectangular opening V into which lead the ends of the Wooden key-levers V. This rectangular apperture V is provided with parallel brass guide-rods Z (Fig. 3), leaving between them a certain space, and each of the forward ends of said key-levers V enters one of these spaces, so that it is guided by the two rods.

The key-levers V, in descending under the action of the strikers 10 of levers S, come in contact at their free ends with a laterally shiftable wooden stop-bar a (Figs. 3 and 7) which extends throughout the entire length of the apparatus, as indicated in Fig. 7, and is supported on four short arms 11 that depend from a shaft 12 which has suitable bearing in the front-piece T. The stop-bar a is subjected, through one of these short arms 11, to the action of a spring 13 which tends to keep it constantly applied under the ends of key-levers V, so that after having been thrown away by the depression of the same it tends to resume its original position, preventing those levers Vwhich have been loweredfron1 moving upward until the apparatus is again actuated so as to depress other levers V which, in removing again the stop-bar 0, allow the levers depressed in the preceding operation to rise again. This arrangemement enables the production of slurred notes and to prolong the same, even when ceasing to keep the handle A depressed. On the contrary, the stopping of the action of stop-bar a on the ends of the key-levers V is snfiicient to produce ad Zibitam, either detached notes or notes followed by pauses. Regarding the notes which are to follow each other without any interval as it were, although not being slurred notes, a rather great difficulty has been experienced. The

operating frame B, b, c, acting upon the notes only aftenhaving completed its necessary upward and downward stroke to move the card forward, there was left a too great interval between one note and another, thus preventing a proper musical performance. To overcome this inconvenience and to be able to reduce the interval between one note and another, as far as necessary for a note which is neither a slurred nor a detached note, I have devised the following means: I adjoin to the stop-bar a a roller 0, (Figs. 3 and 7,) supported from the rock-shaft 12 by two arms 14 (Fig.7). On the inner leverB of the operatingframe is further secured a depending-bracket d (Figs. 3, 4 and 11), at the end of which is pivoted a pawl e acted upon by a spring 3. This pawl 6' acts upon the roller O when the operating frame is being depressed, and has no action when said frame moves upward, as seen in Fig. When the operating frame is first moved and is being depressed, the pawl c through the roller 0, moves the stop'bar a away from the ends of key-levers V, so that the levers which were depressed and held by the piece a are free to move upward. lVhen pawl c has arrived in contact with the periphery of roller 0' located in the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the roller, the latter may return to the right (Fig. 3) as well as the stop-bar 0. which arrests the last depressed key-levers and prevents them from moving upward. in this way, there isa slight interval between the note or chord which was produced and the next succeeding one. After having removed this difficulty, there remained to find the means of producing the pauses by stopping the action of the stop-bar a, and the means of producing slurred notes, by stopping the action of the pawl c. To this end, I use the first two L-shaped keys 7 and the corresponding inclined noses 6 there of. The first key or inclined nose 6 is designed to stop the action of stop-bar a, and the second key or inclined nose 6 is designed to produce the slurred notes, that is, to stop the action of pawl c.

I will now examine successively the several mechanisms.

First. The pauses, Figs. 3, i and 10: A brass plate J is fixed within the front part of the case containing the mechanism. On this plate is pivoted a bent lever Z the curved end Z of which embraces the plate .l. \Vhen the card is pierced with a hole which passes over the first nose 6, the inclined nose enters said hole and, through the corresponding key 7, moves the rod g forward (Fig. 4-) until it reaches the curved upper part Z of lever Z forming a stop. Then the end of rod g touches the stop Z of lever Z, it stops and cannot then advance any farther. In this movement the rod g slides in a circular aperture provided in the plate 2' formed integral with the bracket (1 which is itself located on the operatingframe 13. "When the operating -frame descends, it carries the bracket d along with it and consequently plate which forces the rod 9' downward. In this movement to which lever Z does not contribute, the end of rod g slides vertically upon the inner side of the stop Z and there isa moment where having passed the lower edge of stop Z it no longer rests against the same. Rod g continues then to move toward the left passing underneath the stop Z and the nose 6 corresponding to red g penetrates entirely the hole of the card placed above it. When the operating-frame moves up again, the rod g is carried along by the plate 2' and bears against stop Z of lever Z. In striking against this stopl the lever Z is caused to tilt, so that its end Z comes in contact with the roller 0, Fig. 7. This has the effect of moving the stop-bar a away from the ends of key-levers V, so that the ends which were retained by said piece move up simultaneously with the operating handle A. This action of the rod will cease as soon as the solid part of the card causes the nose 6, corresponding to said actuated key 7, to enter the hole again; and, by means of the counterpoise Z the bent lever Z will resume its original position.

Second. The slurred notes: To the L-shaped key 7 corresponding to the second inclined nose (3 (Figs. 3, 4 and 11), is pivoted a finger or flat part h capable of sliding in an elongated opening t provided in the lateral plate t formed integral with the bracket cZ' fixed to the inner arm 13 of the driving frame. As long as the card presents a solid part on the inclined nose 6, the flat end h will remain clear of the pawl stem 15; but as soon as a card-hole comes over the nose, it will ascend, under the action of its spring q; the corresponding key 7 swings around its axis 8, and the flat part of finger it bears upon the pawl stem 15, and in the upward movement of the frame If, the pawl moving up simultaneously with the frame, swings out of contact with roller C. The pawl stem, during this rotation, is released from the flat part of finger h which, being no longer retained by the pawl, completes its stroke; and the pawl stem comes then in contact with the side of the fiat part of finger h and cannot fall back when it has left roller 0'. At the next chord, assuming that the flat piece 7t has not moved, the pawl in descending shall have no action on the roller 0 as long as a solid part of the card will not, by acting on the second nose 6,

- compel the piece h to move back. By this means I stop the action of the pawl on roller C and thereby cause formation of slurred notes.

As above stated, the inclined noses 6 are actuated by perforated cards. The card may be introduced into the apparatus by lifting the metal plate 0' (Fig. 2) which is retained, while the apparatus is operating, by means of a suitable nut. The toothed or trident end of bell-crank 5 is introduced into the first cardholes serving to carry it along. Cards of a sufficient length for long musical pieces may be used, by folding them as practiced in other instruments having perforated cards. For canticles, where the same subject is repeated a certain number of times,a considerable economy would be realized in using the same perforated card for accompanying all the strokes. The difficulty to attain this result is due to the interval which would exist between each stroke during the time necessary to withdraw the cardand replace the same. To overcome this difficulty, I have devised a combined means which consists in having two cards on each of which is contained the accompaniment of the whole stroke. The first card is introduced in the case and the apparatus is operated. When the last chord is given, the end of the first card 18, having passed the edge 1S,see Fig. 2", falls to an extent equal to the thickness of said edge and enables the operator, after he has lifted the cover, to move along the second card 17 until its first hole 6 engages the last trident tooth, and in further operating the organ, the first card leaves the instrument while the second card serves to operate the same. This second card may be introduced very rapidly without producing a too considerable interval between two consecutive strokes.

Fig. 6 shows the arrangements which I propose to adopt when the mechanism is not to be disposed directly on the organ-keys. In this case, to the rear end of each key-lever V is attached a spring 19 which, when said key is being shifted, acts through the butts or shoulders 21 and 22 of piece 20, upon the corresponding key of the organ.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination, with a case provided with a top opening, and an operating frame movably mounted therein, of an arm pivoted to said frame, a foot-piece projecting downwardly from said arm, and provided with a toe at its lower end adapted to be struck by said frame, and a spring-actuated lever pivoted to said foot-piece and provided with a toothed end and adapted to project through said opening and engage perforated cards, substantially as set forth.

2. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination witha case provided with a top opening and adapted to be supported upon the key-board, and an operating-frame movably mounted within the case, of a spring-actuated arm pivoted to said operating-frame, and provided with a finger at its free end, a notched lug fixed near the opening in the case and adapted to receive and guide said finger, a foot-piece depending from said pivoted arm, and provided with a toe at its lower end adapted to be struck by said frame, a bell-crank lever pivotally supported on said foot-piece and provided with a toothed upper end projecting through the opening of the case, and springs for actuating said bell-crank lever, substantially as set forth.

3. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case provided with a top opening, and a movable operating-frame supported within said case, of a spring-actuated arm pivoted to said frame, a foot-piece depending from said arm and provided with a toe adapted to be engaged by said operating-frame, a bell-crank lever pivoted to said foot-piece and provided with a toothed upper end, adapted to project through the opening of the case, springs for actuating said bell-crank lever, and a yoke fixed to said arm forlimiting the movements of said bell-crank lever, substantially as set forth.

4. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case provided with a top opening, a movable frame pivoted in said case, and an operating handle projecting from said frame, of a spring-actuated arm pivoted to said frame and provided with a finger at its free end, a notched lug secured to said case for guiding the finger, a foot-piece depending from said lever and provided with a projecting toe at its lower end, adapted to be engaged by said movable frame, and a spring-actuated bell-crank-lever pivoted to said foot-piece and provided with a toothed upper end adapted to project through said opening, substantially as set forth.

5. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported within said case, of keys pivoted within the upper part of said case and provided with projecting noses adapted to be engaged by perforated cards, springs acting on said keys, rods pivoted to the lower portions of said keys, means for guiding said rods, key-levers adapted to engage the respective keys of the organ board, and means interposed between said pivoted rods and key-levers, whereby when said movable frame is depressed to engage said rods, said key-levers are operated, substantially as set forth.

6. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and an operating-frame movably supported within said case, of a transverse slotted guideplate supported in the case, keys pivoted in the upper part of said case and provided with noses adapted to take into perforated cards, rods pivoted to the lower portions of said keys, and guided within said slotted plate, strikerlevers pivotally supported in the base of the case, and projecting at their free ends into the slots of said plate and under the ends of said rods, and means for operating the organboard through the medium of said strikerlcvers when said movable frame is depressed to engage the ends of said rods, substantially as set forth.

7. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported within said case, and provided with a cross-bar, of keys pivoted in the upper part of said case and provided with projecting noses adapted to take into perforated cards, rods pivoted to the lower ends of said levers, a slotted guideplate supported within the case and adapted to guide the free ends of said rods, strikerlevers pivotally supported in the base of the case and provided with upwardly bent free ends adapted to project into the slots of said plate, and means for operating through the medium of said striker-levers the keys of the organ-board when said movable frame is dopressed, substantially as set forth.

8. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported therein, of striker-levers pivotally supported in the base of the case, strikers on the striker-levers and transverse key-levers located under the striker-levers and adapted to be operated by the depression of said strikers, keys pivoted within the upper part of the case and provided with projecting noses adapted to take into perforated cards, and means located between the keys and striker-levers for effecting through the operation of said movable frame the conjoint action of said keys and striker-levers, substantially as set forth.

9. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported therein, of key-levers pivotally supported Within the base of the case, and adapted to engage the keys of the organ-board, means interposed between the movable frame and said key-levers whereby the same are actuated, a movable stop bar supported adjacent to the free ends of said key-levers, and means for actuating said stop-bar by the depression of said frame, substantially as set forth.

10. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported therein,of a series of key-levers pivotally supported within the base of the case, means interposed between the movable frame and the key-levers for depressing the latter, a movable stop-bar located adjacent to the free ends of said keylevers, a roller adapted to coact with said stop-bar, means for movably supporting the stop-bar and roller, and means for engaging said roller for actuating said stop-bar through the depression of said movable frame, substantially as set forth.

1]. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case, a movable frame support-ed therein, a bracket depending from said frame, a pivoted paw located on said bracket, a series of key-levers supported within the base of the case, means interposed between the movable frame and said key-levers whereby the latter are actuated, a stop-bar-movably supported adjacent to the free ends of said key-levers, and a roller adapted to move said stop-bar when engaged by the pawl through the depression of said movable frame, substantially as set forth.

12. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination with a case and a movable frame supported therein, and provided with a depending bracket, of a key pivoted in the upper part of the ease and provided with a projecting nose, a rod pivoted to said key and guided in said bracket, apivoted lever, located within the case and provided with a stop adapted to engage the free end of said rod, key-levers pivoted within the base of the case and adapted to be actuated through the medium of said frame, a stop-bar movably supported adjacent to the free end of said key-levers and a roller adapted to move simultaneously with said stop-bar, said roller being engaged at intervals by the end of the first mentioned lever, substantially as set forth.

13. In a mechanism for actuating the keyboards of organs, the combination of a case and a movable frame supported therein, and provided with a depending bracket, of a key pivotally supported in the upper part of the case and provided with a projecting nose adapted to take into perforated cards, a tinger pivoted to said key and adapted to be guided within said bracket, a pawl pivoted to said bracket and provided with an upwardly projecting stem adapted to be engaged by said finger, key-levers pivotally supported on the base of the case, a stop-bar movably supported adjacent to the free ends of said key-levers, and a roller connected with and adapted to move simultaneously with said stop-bar, when engaged by said pawl, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CLAUDE GAVIOLI.

Witnesses:

CLYDE SHRoPsI-IIRE, J. LAoosrE.

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