US530754A - Geois du marais - Google Patents

Description

- NI'TED STATES PATENT OFFIGE.

MARIE EDOUARD BOURGEOIS DU MARAIS, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ART OF PUMPING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 530,754, dated December 11, 1894.

Application flied April 26, 1893- Serial No. 471,954. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARIE EDOUARD BOUR- GEOIS DU MARAIS, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, in said Republic, have invented a new and useful Improve: ment in the Art of Pumping, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the art ofpumpfluids to any height in a more economical manner than is possible by methods heretofore used or known. This object is attained by causing the continuous upward flow of fluids (the rate of such flow may be variable) by imparting to a column thereof by rapidly successive lifting impulses a velocity such kept in the column to-the place of discharge (or nearly so), and escaping into the atmosphere.

In carrying my invention into efiect, I prefer to use a pump of the simplest and strongest construction. I do not show any form of pump herewith, as the .same forms no part of I this invention. However, I recommend a pump of the class known as the hollow plunger or piston form, the valve and piston having a section equal to (or substantially so) the section of the delivery pipe. The valve may be of any suitable construction, but I recommend the general type of valve shown inUnited States Patent, dated May 23, 1882, and bearing number 258,250, granted to OS- good. The discharge pipe should have no sudden turns; no sudden change of section, no lateral space, and no pocket or enlarge.- ment where air can collect; and there should be no air-chamber on the-pump. All or any mg, and has for its object the pumping of of these injuriously affect the amount of discharge in the practice of my method. Under certainconditions, a foot valve is not 'neces sary to the pump in starting up; and in all cases, such a valve is not necessary in the operation of the same after being started.

This will be referred to more at large hereinafter.

I recommend a pump formed of stationary suction and discharge pipes connected by a chamber sufficiently large to permit of the valve-opening being as large as the section of the discharge pipe.

United States Patent, dated-January 7, 1873, numbered-13l,689, to Loretz, shows such an enlarged chamber for the valve; butthe type of pump shown in United States Patent No. 11,70l, dated September 19, 1854, granted to vTapley, may be employed subject to the limitations above noted. Other formsof pumps maybe used in the-practice of my invention,,but it is not necessary to describe them herein.

For the purpose of giving elasticity to the fluid-column I cause air to enter the same either above orbelow the point of impulsion,

bu-t I prefer to introduce air in the fluid-column in bubblesbelplthe piston. The efiects of the presence of this air are the diminution of the specific gravity and friction of the column, and the prevention of shock to-theapparatus byacting as a cushion. Further the fluid is projected forward almost Without friction, owing to the continuous propagation of elastic waves (due to the action of the piston in com-pressing the air during the up-strokes) which become co-generative of the acceleration by its alternate compressions and dilations in all parts of the ascending column, thus contributing very materially to the main- .tenance of the acquired velocity. Thisaircushion stores, so to speak, the biz; viva eommunicated by the piston..restoring it to the column afterward. Thus,-the loss of ois mm due to shocks, and to the transformation of external into internal work, is very largely 5 avoided; (Means for introducing air into the suction pipe of a pump is shown in United States Patent, dated October 2, 1877, hearing number 195,800, granted to Gregier.)

. It has been stated above that a foot valve is only necessary in starting up under certain conditions, and at no other times. If the distance to the surface of the fluid from the piston does not exceed four feet (nearly) afoot valve in starting up is not required, for the ascension of the piston draws the fluid into the pipe, the air escaping largely on the down stroke, and the fluid also sinking somewhat. Under the rapid strokes of the pump, there is set up an oscillatory motion of the fluid which approaches more and more to the piston until it reaches it, after which the fluid flows into the discharge pipe; and the continuous flow begins. Then the said distance is greater than that stated, a foot valve is required in starting (assuming the suction pipe to be not charged), but as soon as the continuous flowbegins, the said valve stands open, for the fluid discharged is replaced by the fluid flowing continuously from all sides into the suction pipe.

The delivery pipe may have a curved portion through which therod connected with the piston may pass. This rod may be connected to any suitable motor'for operating the pump.

The only condition afiecting the length of strokeis that governing the imparted velocity above stated. A

By operating a pump in accordance with this invention, the quantity of fluid delivered is greater than the piston displacement as calculated by the common methods of so doing, other things being equal; that is to say, the common formulas for such calculations are not applicable when pumps are operated according to this invention. New formulas conforming to the different conditions are re quired. Further,I discharge fluids at heights far above thirty-three feet without the use of a foot-valve, an air-pressurechamber, or other accessories. A series of careful and exhaustive tests of the method, with heights of delivery of about fifty (50) and of about one hundred (100) feet, show that the method becomes more eflicient as the height of-deliver increases.

I will now briefly indicate the laws governing my method. Let us consider a fluid cylinder and suppose that a vertical upward motion be imparted to it by an upward vertical effort exerted on its base.

Let V be the velocity it has acquired at the moment when this upward impulsion ceases to act. After a time t, its velocity will have become (1.) n=V-g if, the acceleration due to gravity being represented by g. \Vere other forces besides gravity to act, in a general manner, we would have (2.) o--V--f tthe retardation due to all causes being represented byf. If this upward impulse has been caused by a piston (having a proper valve) driven by a crank of diameter d and making n revolutions per second,the velocity of the piston after any given time 25 will be (3.) v'zrr d n cos. a-

(a being the angle of the crank at any moment) the origin being, by preference, the line in the plane of rotation which passes through the axis ofrotation of the crank perpendicularly to the axis of the pump. Since the motion of the crank is or may be uniform, (4.) a=n 360 t. Since the variations of the velocity Q) will be the same for each revolution, one may express the time in fractions of the circumference of a circle and need not consider more than one revolution. There being n revolutions per second, the time of one revolution is calling 0 the fraction of the circumference corresponding to a time If,

we have izg. Equation (4) thus becomes (5) n X 360 =3GO0 and (3) becomes(6).o:

ever (10) n d n cos. (36O(9):1: (Zn-fig. The two equations 11.) Y= a 'n cos. (3609)=?r a n sin [n360t].

when constructed, show, by the dilferences of their corresponding ordinates (Y-Y) for any given abscissa, the total quantity of fluid which has passed above the valve up to that instant.

The pump may act in any direction, as vertically, horizontally or on an incline and the suction and discharge pipesbe placed vertically or on an inclination.

The number of lifting impulses per minute may vary within wide limits, as between two hundred and four hundred, or more.

The quantity of fuel required to pump a given bulk of water to a given height (say one hundred feet) is very much less than is required in the case of an ordinary piston pump, discharging the same bulk at the same height, the element of time being disregarded. If We take that element into account and assume that both methods take the same time, my method requires a much smaller pump than the ordinary methods; while if i the pumps are of the same dimensions, my method requires far less time than the ordinary methods; that is to say, if one takes the quantity of fluid delivered per unit of fuel consumed as the test of efiiciency, the present method requires less fuel than the methods heretofore used, and so is more economical. The quantity of air is to be regulated by suitable means to suit the conditions of each case. Less air is required to be introduced as the height of discharge increases.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is p 1. That improvement in the art of pumping which consists in imparting to a fluidcolumn by rapidly successive lifting impulses a velocity so great that the momentum of said column is not lost v in'the time-intervals between said impulses, and in storing the energy of the impulses. and restoring the same to the columii'between said impulses and in rendering the column elastic throughout its length or substantially so by mingling air-bubbles therewith, which air-bubbles remain in and form part of the column to or near the place of discharge thereof andescape into the atmosphere, whereby thelosses due to shock and the transformation of external into internalwork are lessened or avoided and the 'vis viva is conserved, substantially as and for the'purposes set forth. 2. That improvement in the art of pumping which consists in imparting to a fluidcolumn by rapidly successive lifting impulses a velocity so great that the momentum of said column is not lost in the time-intervals between said impulses, and .in storing the energy of the impulses and restoring the same to the-column between said impulses and in rendering the column elastic throughout its length or'substantially so by introducing air-bubbles therein at a point between the starting place thereof and the point of impulsion, which air-bubbles remain in and form part'of the column to or near the place of discharge thereof, whereby the Iossesdue to shock and the transformation of external into internal work are reduced or avoided and the m's viva is conserved, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

MARIE EDOUARD BOURGEOIS DU MARAIS.