US1047489A

US1047489A - Hydraulic apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US1047489A
Application number: US61697111A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henri Beau
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1911-03-25
Filing date: 1911-03-25
Publication date: 1912-12-17
Anticipated expiration: 1929-12-17

Description

'I-I. BEAU.

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB.. 25, 1911. 1,047,489, Patented Deal?, 1912.

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H. BEAU.

HYDRAULIC APPARATU. APPLICATION FILED 11,111.25'. 1911.

Patented Deo. 17, 1912.

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HYDRAULIC APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25. 1911.

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Aihowrnej HENRI BEAU, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

HYDRAULIC AlPARAlUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 25, 1911.

To all whom it may cof/wem:

Be it known that I, HENRI BEAU, a citizen of the Republic of France, and resident of 46 Rue du Ranelagh, Paris, Seine, France, have invented Improvements in or Connected with Hydraulic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object a hydraulic apparatus which produces the maximum eifect relatively to a given work.

Various forms of pumps embodying the principle of the invention are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which:

Figures 1, 1a and lb together show a vertical section of one embodiment of the invention, Figs. 2 9.a and 2b together show a side elevation thereof, Fig. 3 is a section of a special chamber applicable to all the embodiments, Fig. 4 illustrates a modified form of lifting pump with horizontal channel and air reservoir. Fig. 5 shows another direct lifting device, Fig. 6 shows the adaptation of the chamber of Fig. 3 to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. A. Fig. 7 shows the application-of this same chamber to the embodiment shown in Fig. 5.

Referring to Figs. l 1L and 1b the pump consists broadly of the following parts: a is a column which opens at the base in a strainer closed by a spring valve, its upper part being connected with the pump body 5 in which a piston c moves as a-result of various efforts as hereinafter explained; the piston is connected with the rod d forming a frame at e. In this frame two rollers f f are arranged; between them a cam g keyed to the driving shaft t acts; this shaft is provided with a regulating fly wheel and the shaft is rotated by means of a crank z'. A second cam j is mounted on the shaft h and controls the opening of a conical compression valve 7s upon which a spring Z bears; this spring presses it upon its seat during the compression of the liquid column. The tenlsion of the spring Z should be equal to or slightly greater than the maximum excess pressure of the air reservoir o1. This valve is arranged in the interior of the water flow reservoir m arranged at the upper part of the column 0;. Beneath the valve 7c there is arranged a valve constituted by a metallic grating a3 against which an india-rubber membrane b3 is placed. When the liquid column abandoned by the piston continues vinside the strainer a2.

to descend under the influence of its inertia the membrane h3 is drawn toward the interior of the column a under the influence of atmospheric pressure and when the column of water ascends this membrane presses against the grating a3. This arrangement obviates the prejudicial effects which might occur in the column a owing to the vacuum produced by the liquid in movement. The chamber n is arranged above the main body 0 which contains two india-rubber membranes p g clamped by the cheeks r, the displacement of which is limited by gratings s. On each side of the main body two air pockets are thus formed; a small pocket t which can be inflated through a small tube u opening at the upper part of the pump and a large pocket o in communication with an air reservoir o1 serving to balance the pressure of the water in the column a. This pocket may be supplied with compressed air through a pipe w. The foot valve consists of a metal plate c1 resting upon a seat Z1 under the influence of a spring al arranged A metal washer e1 is arranged on this valve c1 and upon this washer a disk y of india rubber is held by means of an upper plate g1 tightened by a nut. The pliable edges of the india rubber disk rest resilient-ly upon a seat a thus forming a hermetic joint.

The cam g should be designed and its speed of rotation calculated in such a manner as to fulfil the following conditions: (l) It should act upon the rollers f f tangentially and consequently without initial velocity when the swell of the cam is in its highest position. (2) A uniformly accelerated velocity should be given to the rollers and it should be proportional to the time and to the square of the distances traversed and consequently to the length of the circular arc described by the cam in movement. (3) The column should be afforded the time necessary for effecting its several movements and to resume the condition of repose before the rollers are again acted upon. (4) For acting upon the rollers it should not exceed the velocity corresponding to the dis' placement of the liquid column a in such a manner that its molecules are always under pressure throughout the entire duration of the displacement. (5) It should also not exceed a speed corresponding to obtaining a suitable efficiency from the inertia of the liquid column. (6) lt should impart to the rollers a travel proportionate to that which is to be effected by the liquid column.

The pump in Fig. l operates in the foln lowing manner: The tube a being full of water and the air chambers t and i) inflated to the pressure corresponding to the height of the column of water to be raised v(that is to say the pump being primed) the piston is caused to descend and in forcing before it the column of water it imparts to the latter a uniformly accelerated movement until the cam leaves the piston which then rests upon its seat and the valve 7; opens under the influence of the cam j. The membrane g of the pocket Q; becomes applied against the grating s which stops it. The column of water has thus acquired a vis @iva in the downward direction which acts freely under the infiuence of the atmospheric pressure exerted by the intermediary of the membrane b3 so long` as the valve 7o is not fully open. The work produced by this @is wie@ is stored in the small air chamber t in the form of an excess pressure. The excess air pressure stored in this air pocket t projects the column of water upward. As long as the column of water thus projected is in movement, the pressure upon the top of the footvalve y is zero while beneath it the pressure is equal to that produced by the height of the level of water above the valve. The latter thus opens permitting of the passage of the water necessary for filling the vacuum produced by the upward movement of the column of water.

Two other devices based upon the same principle are represented in Figs. l and 5.

rlhe pump in Fig. l is composed of the following parts: a is the column which opens on one side and at a certain height into a reservoir b1 and on the other side at the base of a pump body c1. A piston d1 provided with a valveel with spring f1 and opening downward is displaceable in this pump body. It is connected with the rod g1 forming a frame at e; in this frame a roller f is mounted and the cam g controlled by the flywheel Z1 acts against this roller; a counter spring m1 bears upon the piston Z1 and upon the cap of the pump body. A second spring Q1 forming a buffer surrounds the rod g1 and bears upon the cap of the pum body under the action of the thrust of tie liquid in movement as soon as the cam g has left the roller f. The springs m1 and g1 fulfil the same functions as the air pockets t and e in the type of pump shown in Fig. l. After it has passed through the yoke al the top of the rod g1 carries a stop 01 for limiting the stroke of the piston and a counter spring p1.

-The pump body is immersed in the liquid to be pumped. A conduit r1 extends upward from the base of the reservoir b1 and carries the water in s1 to an indefinite height. rlhe tension of the spring m1 should be calculated in such a manner as to balance the pressure in b1. It should be so flexible that its excess tension due to the displacement caused by the cam can be regarded as practically nil, that is to say its coefficient of compression per om. of compression should be as low as possible. The spring g1 should be of such a kind that is able to store the work corresponding to the mass and to the velocit-y of the liquid column a, taking into account that the compression resulting from the accumulation of this work should be at least equal to three times the pressure in b1, that is to say7 that its coefficient of compression per cm. of compression should be very large without nevertheless exceeding the strength of the parts of the apparatus. As regards the spring f it should be of such a nature as to apply the valve e upon its seat at the moment at which the liquid column completes its movement in the direction of the arrow 1/1.

The operation of this pump is as follows: Assume the pump to be primed the pump body immersed in the mass to be pumped, the piston at the end of its stroke and a certain pressure to have been already obtained in b1. Beneath this pressure the column of water contained in a tends to travel in the direction of m1 and to press the piston Z1 upward. This piston is raised by the rod g1 under the influence of the cam g. The water in the column a follows the piston in its displacement under the influence of the pressure stored in its molecules with the same velocity as itself, until the moment at which the cam g having left the roller f it continues its movement by virtue of its acquired velocity and causes the spring g1 to strike against the cap of the pump body and compresses it until its 'vis @iva is exhausted. The springs m1 and g1 then extend successively and displace the column of water in the direction indicated by the arrow y1. A shoulder 01 on the rod g1 striking against the spring p1 supported by the yoke al the piston stops but the column a continues its movement under the `influence of its velocity. The vacuum resulting in the pump body c1 is filled by a cylinder charge of liquid coming from the mass to be pumped beneath the pressure of which the valve c1 has opened. The column a having finished its movement the valve e1 closes and the excess pressure obtained in b1 forces a certain quantity of liquid into a. At this moment the conditions obtained at the commencement of operations have been reestablished and the same phenomena are reproduced.

In the pump shown in Fig. 5 the action is precisely the same but the intermediate air reservoir being omitted the water enters s1 intermittently instead of arriving continuously. The cam and the piston and the devices that they operate can likewise be replaced by any other means for producing movement provided that it fulfils the conditions of pressure acceleration of velocity and duration indicated for the cam.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed7 I declare that what I claim is A hydraulic apparatus comprising a vertical pipe adapted to contain a column of liquid; upper and lower chambers formed at the lower end of the pipe and forming a continuation thereof; gratings in the sides of the lower chamber; yieldable membranes covering the outer face of said gratings; pockets covering said membranes; an air reservoir communicating with said pockets; means for forcing downwardly said column of water against the pressure of the membranes and the air of the air reservoir, whereby the column is caused to rebound; a clack valve at the upper part of the pipe for permitting the eiiiuX of the water when the column rebounds; and means for holding the clack valve closed when the column is being forced downwardly.

In testimony whereof I aiiiX my signature in presence of witnesses.

HENRI BEAU.

Witnesses:

DEAN B. MASON, M. PUARCE, MAURICE PICARD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.