US520983A - favier - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. A. FAVIER. V MACHINE FOR DEGORTIOATING RAMIE, &c. a o. 520,983. Patented June 5, 1894.

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P. A. PAVIER. MACHINE FOR DEGORTIGATING RAMIE, 6w. No.1520,983. Patent-ed June 5,1894.

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MACHINE FOR DBGORTIGATING RAMIE, &o. No. 520,983. Patented June 5, 1894.

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Arrow/Em (-No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

P. A. FAVIER. MACHINE FOR DEGORTIGATING RAMIE, &c. No. 520,983. Patented June 5, 1894.

FIG. 7-

UNITE" STATES ATENT Orrrcn.

PIERRE AUGUSTE FAVIER, or PARIS, FRANCE;

MACHINE FOR DECORTICATING RAMIE, 80o.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 520,983, dated June 5,1894.

Application filed May 12, 18 93.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, PIERRE AUGUSTE FA- VIER, engineer, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Decorticating Ramie or other Textile Plants in a Dry or Green State, (for which I have obtained a French patent dated May, 14:, 1890, No. 205,678, and July 2, 1891, No. 214,596, and a British patent, dated June 2, 1890, No. 8,520,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in machines fordecorticating ramie and other textile plants; the essential object being the complete separation of the ligneous from the fibrous matter.

These improvements which, further, permit decorticationin the green and dry state, insure better results than those hitherto obtained by existingmachines. In fact in all these machines one of the serious defects has been incomplete elimination of the interior wood which, in ramie, resembles the bullen or stalks of peeled hemp. The stalks, dry or green, after having been bruised by breaking cylinders, in existing machines carry with them remains or dbris of wood from one pair of cylinders to the other under the influence of the centrifugal force which projects them forward as they issue from each pair of cylinders, and these debris cannot fall with sufficient facility not to be partially carried away by the succeeding cylinders. Thus carried away the dbris of wood are crushed into splintersmore or less thin which mix with the fiber in proportion as this latter disaggregates, thus makingitof bad quality and giving much waste when for ulterior treatment it must. be freed from these splinters. Other serious defects of existing machines consist, first, in the imperfect disengagement of a part of this same interior wood by reason of the incomplete effect of the groovings or fiutings of the .breaking or beating cylinders; second, in an insuffioient'soraping of the pellicle in decortication in the green state; third, in the necessity of removing the leaves before passing the stalks into the machines.

With my-irnprovements I first remove the leaves, which fall in front of the machine and Ithen attain on the one hand complete elimi- Serial No. 473.897. (No model.) Patented in France May 14, 1890, No. 205,678, and July 2. 1891, No. 214,596. and in England June 2,1890, No. 8,520.

detail, with reference to the annexed drawings, which represent, as example, a machine embodying my invention.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the machine seen from the right side. Fig. 2 is an elevation of same seen from the left side. Fig. 3 is a plan which shows the driving gear by which I obtain the novel working; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section showing all the parts of the machine. Fig. 5 shows the shape of the new cylinder with saw teeth. Fig. 6 shows the form of the scrapers'which I use and their mode of working. Fig. 7 shows a cylinder coupling hereinafter described. Fig. 8 shows the system of cylinders which I use to remove the leaves. Fig. 9 shows an arrangement of movable blades or plates which I use to stop the leaves which might have escaped from the cylinders. Fig. 10 is a view illustrating a modification.

In the figures:A A is the carriage of the machine, placed on wheels or upon feet; B, B, B framework of the machine; 0, table placed in front of the machine; 0, opening bywhich the material is introduced; D D,

cylinders with prismatic teeth; D, pendent yielding or movable blades or plates arranged upon an axle; E E, brushing cylinders; E, plain cylinder covered or not with india-rubber; F F, breaking cylinders; F F, nipping cylinders plain or even covered with indiarubber and working at low speed; F F un-- cumferential grooves and working at low -IOO speed; 1 slow speed scraping cylinders in connection with a plain cylinder; J, J, fric tion cylinders with fine flutings or grooves; K, endless cloth or apron; L L, springs; M M, loose and fixed pulleys; N, transverse driving shaft; 0, straight wheel on the shaft N gearing with wheel P; P, straight wheel driving the crushing cylinders E, and the wheel I straight wheel driving the cylinders D by means of the intermediary I and the wheel P; Q, pulley on the shaft N to carry along the belt U; R, pulleys actuated by the belt U to give the low speed movement to F, F, 1', I and lower G; S, pulleys actuated by the belt U to give the high speed movement to I, F, J; T, pulley with stretcher; U, belt; V, straight wheels on the scrapers, I, I I, I 1 lower and upper, and the cylinder E to drive the upper cylinders; V, straight wheel to give motion to the upper cylinderG by means of the nearest wheel V; X, pulley on shaft N to carry along the belt; Y, belt; Z, small pulleys to put the heaters H in motion; Z, small loose pulley to support the belt Y; Z, pulley with stretcher; m, vacant spaces; 1:, adjusting screws on the springs L.

The whole of the series of cylinders are repeated in the machine in suificient number to obtain the complete cleaning of the material.

According to the preceding description my improvements consist:

First. In the use of beatersI-I leaving between the rollers F and F, I and G, I and I, F and I, F and J and the said heaters, spaces m greater than the outer diameter of the beaters in order to facilitate the fall of the dbris of wood by the joltings that they give to the material and also to facilitate the passage of the material through the vacant spaces without in any way hindering the fall of the ligneous parts. These heaters are of any section, but preferably lozenge or square shaped. The spaces left between the heaters and the adjoining cylinders are broad enough to pre vent the crushed wood drawn by the centrifugal force being taken by the following cylinders. They are calculated according to the diameter of the cylinders and of their speed, say for example seventy-five millimeters for cylinders of fifty millimeters in diameter turning at a speed of four hundred revolutions a minute. The open spaces should always be greater than the outer diameter of the beaters in order that these latter may not aid in the transmission of ligneous dbris from one pair of cylinders to the other. The speed of the heaters is regulated by that of the cylinders which follow them.

Second. In the use first of nipping cylinders F plain and covered with india rubber, secondly of nippers with undulated surfaces having for object the first to retain and the second to draw the strips submitted to the action of the scrapers I, I, I and in a measure to replace the cylinders with triangular fiutings generally used in which the dry or moist dbris of crushed wood cause chokings, or further the even metal cylinders which allow the material to slip, and to render more certain the traction as well as the effect of the scrapers. I use the covering of india rubber in the nippers which have not to support the pressure of the driving belt and nndulated groovings in those which have to support it.

Third. In the use of scrapers I I having semi-circumferential grooves or flutings and arranged in suchwise that the blades t' which they carry intersect without ever touching or meeting and that the end of each blade will pass near the circular bottom 1" of the corresponding scraper at a distance leaving just sufficient space for the scraping of the material y, as shown Fig. 6, this space being regulated in relation to the thickness of the material to be passed.

Fourth. In the use fordecortication in thedry state of cylinders J having fine or small groovings or flutings and the lower row of which is of a smaller diameter, about one-fifth, than that of the cylinders of the upper row, with the object of leaving a certain space permitting the pellicles to fall more readily from the textile material to which they adhered. These vacant spaces should go on decreasing in width if the machine is largely extended in order to prevent rolling up or windings when the material is well disaggregated. This reduction of the spaces is obtained by means of a progressive increase in the diameter of the lower cylinders for each series of four or five cylinders, care being taken to arrange the driving gear so that the circumferential speed remains the same to prevent breakage of the material and the production of short fibers. The reduction of the spaces may take place for each pair of cylinders. The drawings show only a part of the first series of the cylinders J. For the following series the progressive increase should be about one fiftieth for each additional series.

Fifth. In the division of the forward part of the machine bya middle partition 13", with the object of rendering independent the uplifting of the two sections of upper cylinders thus formed, with a view to produce more regular work when material of different thickness passes between the cylinders and when the machine is fed by several workmen. The lower cylinders of the part of the machine thus divided are united by a common axle, Fig. 7, so that I have not to duplicate the driving gear.

Sixth. In the use of a scraper 1 working upon a plain cylinder E with the object of finishing the scraping when the material arrives divided by the saw toothed cylinders 1'.

Seventh. In a novel manner of eifecting the working alternately of the parts already known by giving alternately to several series of scrapingcylinders greater and lesser speeds than to the cylinders acting as nipping cylinders, with the object of obtaining the scraping first,in a first series by the traction of the scrapers themselves, the material being held by the preceding nippingcylindertravelingat ICO the traction of the nipping cylinder which follows the scraper and travels at a greater speed, as in the combination of the scrapers I with the nippers F Fig 4; alternating of the combinations being also applicable as well by pair of scrapers as by series of several pairs, commencing either by the combination in which the nippers are in front or by that in which they succeed. The first combination produces the same effect as if the, material was first held by a fixed point and'scrap'ed by a movable knife, and the second as if it were placed beneath a fixed knife and scraped by the traction of the hand or of a movable piece. This system of scraping on the strips of ramie is greatly superior to that obtained hitherto.

Eighth. In the use of scraping cylinders with saw teeth I Fig. 5 placed a little before the end of the machine, having for object to produce a more perfect scraping.

Ninth. In the use at the beginning of the machine of a pair of cylinders with teeth out in pyramids D Fig. 8, or other prismatic shape and working at less speed than the cylinders which follow, with the object of retaining and causing all the leaves to fall in the front of the machine.

Tenth. In an arrangement of movable a blades or plates D Fig. 9, placed between the cylinders D and E as shown Fig. 4 with the object of arresting the leaves which might have passed through the cylinders D.

Eleventh. In the use and particular working of wood clearing scrapers indicated by the letter Gin Fig. 4 the blades of which turn in the same direction, that is to say one of the two scrapers in the direction of the normal travel of the material, and the other in the opposite direction, to break the equality of the centripetal and centrifugal forces which would oppose the carrying on. of-the material; the two scrapers are not exactly in the same vertical plane and in the horizontal plane. Their respective blades encroach slightly upon the line of their common tangent. This arrangement and this working have the effect of pushing back and causing the fall of the whole of the dbris of wood which might reach this pair of scrapers.

Workingr 'lhe material presented on the table 0 is seized by the cylinders D which travel at less speed than the cylinders E and retain the leaves as soon as cylinders E carry away the stalk. Before reaching the cylinders E, the stalk passes between the movable blades D which stop the leaves which may not have been retained by the cylinders D. The crusher-s E break the resin and unglue the bark, the stalkthen passes between the cylinders F which crush the wood and between the cylinders F which act as nippers and are plain and covered with india rubber, with the view of preventing the moist mate rial from adhering and producing chokings and also from sliding. It is then scraped, first by the cylinders I having semi-circumferential flutings and by the effect of their traction on the preceding nippers F which precede and travel at less speed; the material afterward passes between the wood clearers G which push back the dbris of wood, from thence between other scrapersl and then between the saw tooth scrapers I where it is scraped by the effect of the traction of the undulated nippers F which follow and travel at a greater speed, it then passes between the cylinder E and the scraper I? followed by other nippers F and working under the same conditions of speed and traction as the preceding scrapers I and nippers F Between these various cylinders the material passes over the heaters H which shake it and-cause the remains or dbris of wood to fall by the spaces as. If the material is decorticated in the dry state it then passes between the finely fluted cylinders J which detach the pellicles that might still remain and from thence it passes on to the endless cloth or apron K where it is received by a workman.

If the material is decorticated in the green state the cylinders J are replaced bya series of cylinders I, F from which it then passes on to the endless cloth K where it is received by a workman as shown in Fig. 1.0.

All the cylinders E, F, E, E I, I, I are variable in number according to requirement to obtain a thorough working.

All the cylinders of the lower row of the machine have their axles in fixed bearings placed in the framings B, B, B All those of the upper row have their axles in bearings movable under the pressure of the springs L L which permit their uplifting when the material passes. The alternate movement of speed of the scrapers and of the nippers is obtained first by placing pulleys R on the nippers F and pulleys S, on the scrapers I, and inversely pulleys R on the scrapers I I and pulleys S on the nippers F The machine is driven as followsz-The pulley M by means of the gears O and P and the shaft N gives motion on the right side of the machine to the pulley Q, which, by means of the belt U actuates the pulleys R of the cylinders, of the upper cylinder F, and lower cylinders F, G,I, E, the pulleys S of the upper cylinders I, F J and the pulley T of the endless cloth. The cylinders E are actuated directly by the gear 0, the lower cylinders I and upper cylinders I, 1 are driven by the straight wheels V. The upper cylinders F, F, F and J are simply drawn by. the cylinders with which they are coupled. The upper wood clearer G is actuated by a wheel 0 gearing with the adjoining wheel V. The cylinders D are set in mot-ion by the wheels P, P and the intermediary P On the left side the pulley M actuates the pulley X to communicate the motion by means of the belt Y to the pulleys Z which drive the heaters H.

The speed given by the pulleys R is about one hundred and twenty revolutions a minute, that given by the pulleys S about four hundred and fifty. The speed of the pulleys Z may be indiiferently that of R or that of S.

With the intention of making mainly an agricultural machine, I have adopted pulleys as the principal driving gear but the same effect may be obtained by means of toothed gearing combined to correspond to the same speeds, the relation of which is about that of one to four.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In machines for decorticating ramie and other textile plants, the combination of a series of nipping, cleaning and scraping cylinders adapted to act in succession upon the material, the upper set of the forward series of said cylinders being in two independent sections side by side with a separate partition between them, whereby more uniform work may be produced from different thicknesses of material, and the machine may be fed by several workmen, all substantially as described.

2. In machines for decorticating ramie and other textile plants, the combination of two pairs of nipping cylinders with two pairs of scrapers between them, means for rotating the first pair of nipping cylinders at a slower speed than the succeeding scrapers, and means for rotating the second pair of nipping cylinders more rapidly than the second pair of scrapers, substantially as described.

3. In machines for decorticating ramie or other textile plants, the combination of nipping and scraping cylinders adapted to act upon the material, with yielding or movable blades in advance of said cylinders and a pair of cylinders at the feeding-in end having rows of pyramidal teeth, to remove and retain the leaves, as and for the purpose described.

t. In machines for decorticating ramie or other textile plants, the combination of nipping and scraping cylinders adapted to act upon the material, with pendent yielding or movable blades or plates in advance of said cylinders adapted to remove and retain the leaves and prevent them from entering the machine, as and for the purpose described.

5. In machines for decorticating rainie and other textile plants, the combination of a horizontal series of nipping cylinders and scrapers with a pair of beating cylinders, the two beating cylinders having their axes in different vertical planes, and means for turning one in a direction opposite to the feed, and the other with the feed, the several cylinders being adapted to act upon the material in succession, substantially as described.

6. A machine for decorticating ramie and other textile plants, having the combination of the following elements adapted to act upon the material in successi0n:-a pair of cylinders at the feeding-in end with rows of pyramidal teeth and movable blades or plates to remove and retain the leaves, breaking and crushing cylinders, pairs of scraping cylinders and rubber-covered nipping cylinders to act in conjunction with the scraping cylinders, and heaters between the scraping cylinders, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PIERRE AUGUSTE FAVIER.

Witnesses:

LEON FRANOKENS, RoBT. M. I-Ioornn.

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