US5112273A - Process and apparatus for separating fine bones from fish flakes - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for separating fine bones from fish flakes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5112273A US5112273A US07/558,344 US55834490A US5112273A US 5112273 A US5112273 A US 5112273A US 55834490 A US55834490 A US 55834490A US 5112273 A US5112273 A US 5112273A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- slits
- fish
- fish flakes
- fine bones
- flakes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C17/00—Other devices for processing meat or bones
- A22C17/04—Bone cleaning devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/10—Fish meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for separating fine bones from fish flakes.
- processes for separating fine bones to be used as foods comprises mainly selecting refined meat and used as food materials such as frozen SURIMI (ground frozen fish), KAMABOKO (fish jelly), DENBU, SOBORO, OYAKO-ZUKE and the like.
- the process for producing frozen SURIMI comprises separating meat by a meat separator, rinsing in water, then removing impurities such as fine bones, scales and the like by a refiner, compressing and dehydrating and freezing with sugars and phosphate.
- the above process is a mass production process which provides products completely free from impurities such as fine bones, but involves problems. That is, when the dehydrated meat before adding sugars and phosphate is steamed and flaked, the product is like fine fibers or tangles of fibers which had been once fined down, resulting in unpleasant taste and unsuitable mouthfeel for foodstuff.
- DENBU is prepared by powdering dried fish or salted and dried fish, and then by separating meat fibers from fine bones by wind force. Such process is disadvantageous because it provides product which appears flake but dried, that is process capability is too small for separating fine bones.
- SOBORO and OYAKO-ZUKE are long-established foods
- SOBORO is prepared by cutting Pacific cod, Alaska pollack or the like into three portions (two fillets and flesh-webbed skeleton), skinning, removing belly meat as well as fine bones present at the boundary between belly and back, steaming only back meat and crumbling to flake, adding soy sauce, mirin (sweet sake used as seasoning) and the like and boiling down.
- OYAKO-ZUKE is prepared by adding fish eggs to the above flakes and pickling in vinegar.
- mass productive methods disadvantageously provides products with unsuitable qualities for flakes, while processes which provides products with suitable qualities depends on manual labor and are not suitable for mass production.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 43327/1981 discloses an apparatus for electrically separating dried fish flakes from bone. The method is not a method to separate fine bones from wet fish flakes, which is one of the characteristics of the present invention.
- Alaska pollack has long and hard bones at the root of the fins (dorsal fin, pectoral fin, ventral fin, caudal fin) and between the meats under them in addition to the backbone, further it has long bones in the wall of the visceral cavity.
- the number of fine bones present therein is less than the above value since some may be removed at the stage of the treatment of fish body.
- about 500,000 fine bones are present in products when 1 ton of flakes are produced.
- the flakes are white like fine bones, it is extremely difficult to distinguish bones from flakes and impossible to completely remove fine bones by manual labor.
- the present inventor has studied intensively on a method and an apparatus for separating fish flakes into meat and fine bones to solve the above problems. As the result, I have succeeded in effectively separating meat from fine bones by dispersing fish flakes after dehydration or dehydrating after dispersion, and separating by a sieve using a plate on which slits are formed, and have attained the present invention.
- the present invention is (a) a method for separating fine bones from fish flakes, which is characterized by conducting the following two steps in succession:
- the present invention is (b) a process for separating fine bones from fish flakes according to the above (a), wherein heating in the first step is conducted in an acidic buffer solution which is adjusted to pH 3-6.
- the present invention is (c) a process for separating fine bones from fish flakes according to the above (a) wherein dispersion in the first step is conducted using a way of bubbled water jetting or a rolling mean.
- the present invention is (d) a process for separating fine bones from fish flakes according to the above (a), wherein the slit of the plate is 0.5-5 mm width, 3-100 mm length and arranged in lengthwise, crosswise or right inclined or left inclined directions, or a combination of two or more of them.
- the present invention is (e) a process for separating fine bones from fish flakes according to any one of the above methods (a)-(d), wherein clogging is prevented by drawing the plate by suction or blowing air against the plate.
- the present invention is (f) an apparatus for separating fine bones from fish flakes which is equipped with a way of bubbled water jetting or a rolling mean and a sieve to separate fine bones from fish flakes using a plate on which slits are formed.
- the present invention is (g) a sieve for separating fine bones from fish flakes which comprises a rotatable cylindrical member on which slits of 0.5-5 mm width, 3-100 mm length are arranged in lengthwise, crosswise, right inclined or left inclined direction, or a combination of two or more of them.
- the kinds of fish to which the process of the present invention can be applied are not particularly limited, but it is advantageous to apply it to fish which can be caught in large quantities such as Alaska pollack, Atka mackerels, Saffron cod, Hoki, Rattails, Pacific cod, Pacific salmon and the like from the economical point of view.
- the raw material fish is first prepared, skinned and heated.
- the term "to prepare” means to remove the portions, for example, head, tail, fin, viscera, which are not used for production of fish flakes, and there are no particular limitation to the conditions for preparation or skinning. It suffices that not so many fine bones are left.
- Heating is conducted in an acidic buffer solution adjusted to pH 3-6 to enhance the yield of the fish flakes and to improve preservability, and further to improve qualities such as mouthfeel.
- the acidic buffer solution which can be advantageously used includes, for example, a mixture of one or two of the compounds selected from the group consisting of citric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, adipic acid, and aqueous solution of their salts.
- the pH of the acidic buffer solution is preferably from 3 to 6.
- pH is less than 3, the yield of the fish flakes which is finally obtained is disadvantageously decreased.
- the acidic buffer solution at pH more than 6 is used, the yield of the fish flakes is also disadvantageously decreased.
- the concentration of the buffer varies depending on the acidity of the buffer, and types and quality of the fish.
- citric acid and sodium citrate are used in a combination in the acidic aqueous buffer, it is preferable to adjust pH in the range from 3 to 6 using about 5-50 mmol of the solution.
- meat is collected, and dispersed after dehydration, or dehydrated after dispersion to give fine flakes.
- large fish such as Pacific salmon
- it is preferably dispersed after roughly dehydrated.
- the meat is often collected as lumps and it is difficult to disperse them. Accordingly, it is preferable to conduct rolling using a rolling mill or the like, followed by various kinds of dispersion treatment.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 The examples of the rolling mill are illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the bubble generator for example, a commercially available bubble generator, for bath can be used. Thus, separation of fine bones in the next step can be quite effectively conducted.
- the fish flakes are lightly compressed or centrifuged to dehydrate (to drain off water). Such dehydration is not necessarily conducted under severe conditions. It is sufficient that the product may not adhere but can be crumbled in hands as if it is almost dry.
- fine bones are separated from meat using, for example, a metal plate with holes punched thereon as a sieve.
- the holes should be most preferably slits. Circle or other shapes are not preferable because the meat may pass through or the fine bones may insufficiently pass through the holes.
- the preferably size of the slit is about 0.5-5 mm width and 3-100 mm length.
- the sieve with the slits of the above size which are arranged in lengthwise, crosswise, right inclined or left inclined direction, or a combination of two or more of them are advantageously used because they provides the highest efficiency of separation of fine bones.
- the first discharged flakes which once pass through a sieve can be directly provided as a product.
- the flakes may be subjected to another separation step.
- the first sieve passed flakes containing many fine bones may be subjected to a step for separation of fine bones again to enhance yield of fish flakes.
- the sieve may be prepared using a plastic plate with slits formed thereon.
- fine bones or fish flakes may adhere to the plate with slits formed thereon, resulting in clogging.
- clogging can be prevented by drawing by suction from discharged side or blowing air from sieve passed side to discharged side.
- the intensity of suction, or the amount, intensity, temperature, humidity of the blowing air may be properly selected depending on the types, conditions of the flakes, and may not be generalized.
- the present invention is conducted to effectively separate fine bones from fish flakes with many fine bones present therein by quite simple operations, giving a chance for fish which can be caught in large quantities such as Alaska pollack, Saffron cod, Atka mackerels, Hoki, Rattails, Pacific cod, Pacific salmon and the like to be used as food materials.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the step for separation of fine bones from fish flakes according to the present invention
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are a side view and a development of a sieve for separation of fine bones according to the present invention
- FIGS. 4a-4d are enlarged views of slits formed on a sieve
- FIG. 5 is a plane view of a rolling mill
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a rolling mill.
- a is fish flakes
- 1 is a tank in which fish flakes are charged
- 2 is a bubble generator of a way of bubbled water jetting to put bubbled water in the tank
- 3 is a screw press of dehydration means to dehydrate the fish flakes discharged from the tank
- b is a dehydrated flake discharged from the screw press
- 4 is a first sieve to separate fine bones from the dehydrated flakes
- c is a first discharged flake after separation of fine bones by a first sieve
- d is a first sieve passed flake which passes through the slits of the first sieve
- 5 is a conveyer to convey the first sieve passed flakes
- 6 is a second sieve to further separate fine bone from the first sieve passed flake
- e is a second discharged flake after separation of fine bones using a second sieve
- f is a second sieved flake which passes through the slits of the second sieve.
- 10 is an example of a sieve for separation of fine bones which is cylindrical and rotates by a motor (not shown) and divided by quarters of circumference ( ⁇ 1- ⁇ 4), on which slits in different direction are formed, that is, slits arranged in lengthwise direction 10a, crosswise direction 10b, right inclined direction 10c and left inclined direction 10d are formed in parts ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4, respectively.
- slits are not limited to the case of the circumferentially divided cylinder.
- the slits arranged in various directions may be optionally combined.
- first sieve 4 which is a rotary sieve having a structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to give 9,500 g of the objective fish flakes free from fine bones as first discharged flakes c.
- the resulting fish flakes had natural mouthfeel suitable for various kinds of food.
- the amount of the first sieve passed flakes d containing many fine bones were 1,500 g and 1,360 of fine bones were contained therein.
- the first sieve passed flakes d conveyed by a conveyer 5 were sieved again in the same manner as the above (4) using the said rotary sieve 6 having a structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with slits of 1 mm width and 5 mm length formed thereon, to give 1,100 g of the objective fish flakes containing less fine bones as second discharged flakes e.
- the number of fine bones contained therein was five.
- the second sieve passed flakes f were 300 g and 1,230 fine bones were contained therein.
- the amount of the first sieve passed flakes containing many fine bones was 1,100 g and 1,350 fine bones were contained therein.
- the first sieve passed flakes were sieved again in the same manner as that in the above (4) using a rotary sieve having a structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with slits of 1 mm width and 5 mm length formed thereon, to give 7,000 g of the objective flakes containing less fish bones as second discharged flakes and 2,900 g of second sieve passed flakes containing five bones.
- the first sieve passed flake was sieved again in the same manner as that in the above (4) using the above rotary sieve shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with slits of 0.8 mm width and 5 mm length formed thereon to give 900 g of the objective fish flakes containing less fine bones as second discharged flakes. There were no fine bones contained therein.
- the second sieve passed flakes were 500 g and 1,350 fine bones were contained therein.
- Pacific salmon was cut into three portions (two fillets and flesh webbed skelton), boiled in a boiling water for 10 minutes, long and thin bones at the wall of visceral cavity were removed using a wooden spatula, gently compressed to dehydrate. Thus 10 kg of flake before separation with moisture content of 66.3% was obtained.
- the resulting flakes were divided in two divisions (5 kg for each).
- the first portion was passed through a rolling mill which is effective to disperse fish flakes collected from a large fish into fine flakes.
- FIG. 5 a plain view
- FIG. 6 a side view
- the rolling mill has two roller of about 400 mm width and about 100 mm in diameter made from plastic or the like which arranged at interval of ⁇ .
- three sets of rollers, rollers 20a and 20b, 30a and 30b, and 40a and 40b were arranged in three layers.
- the intervals ⁇ between rollers 20a and 20b, 30a and 30b, and 40a and 40b are 20 mm, 10 mm and 6 mm, respectively.
- 21a, 21b, 31a, 31b, 41a or 41b is a rotation axis of each roller
- 22a, 22b, 32a, 32b, 42a or 42b is a gear of each roller
- 23 and 43 are sprockets
- 50 is a chain to be engaged with each sprocket
- 51-54 are guides of the chain 50.
- Running of said roller of the rolling mill is not shown, it can be performed by manual labor using handle or by motive power.
- Cogged belts and the like may be used instead of the chain.
- the second division was directly put through a first sieve 4 to separate fine bones to give 4.6 kg of first discharged flakes.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 ______________________________________ Composition Experimental Citric Acid Sodium Citrate pH of Aqueous Division (g) (g) Solution ______________________________________ a 0 0 6.75 b 460 140 3.01 c 518 70 2.50 d 129 474 5.11 e 32 38 4.35 f 81 96 4.20 g 162 192 4.11 ______________________________________
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ Amount of Flake Before Remaining Fine Bones After Acidic taste of Flake Experimental Separation of Fine Bones Separation of Fine Bones After Separation Division (kg) (per kg) of Fine Bones __________________________________________________________________________ a 3.2 70 - b 3.7 32 + c 3.9 41 + d 3.7 45 - e 3.8 35 - f 4.3 9 - g 4.1 20 + __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Number of Fine Bones in 1 kg of Flakes ______________________________________First Division 3 Second Division 21 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Collected Flake amount Number of Fine Bones ______________________________________ First Discharged Flake 9,400 g 40 First Sieve Passed Flake 1,500 g 1,420 ______________________________________
______________________________________ Collected Flake amount Number of Fine Bones ______________________________________ Second Discharged Flake 1,100g 6 Second Sieve Passed Flake 400 g 1,360 ______________________________________
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1-202804 | 1989-08-07 | ||
JP20280489 | 1989-08-07 | ||
JP2-90247 | 1990-04-06 | ||
JP2090247A JPH03164151A (en) | 1989-08-07 | 1990-04-06 | Method for sorting small bone of fish meat flake and apparatus therefor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5112273A true US5112273A (en) | 1992-05-12 |
Family
ID=26431744
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/558,344 Expired - Fee Related US5112273A (en) | 1989-08-07 | 1990-07-27 | Process and apparatus for separating fine bones from fish flakes |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5112273A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2021928C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117123485B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-12-26 | 潍坊乐萌宝宠物饲料有限公司 | Screening plant is used in chicken powder production |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3396768A (en) * | 1965-01-08 | 1968-08-13 | Bibun Mach Const Co | Apparatus and method for separating meat from bone |
US3896522A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-07-29 | Laitram Corp | Apparatus for removing meat from animal bone |
US4685626A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1987-08-11 | Les Innovations Mecaniques Alimentaires (S.A.R.L.) | Crushed carcase separation head and machine |
US4976973A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1990-12-11 | Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. | Process for producing protein-rich fish meal and fish oil |
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 CA CA002021928A patent/CA2021928C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-27 US US07/558,344 patent/US5112273A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3396768A (en) * | 1965-01-08 | 1968-08-13 | Bibun Mach Const Co | Apparatus and method for separating meat from bone |
US3896522A (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-07-29 | Laitram Corp | Apparatus for removing meat from animal bone |
US4685626A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1987-08-11 | Les Innovations Mecaniques Alimentaires (S.A.R.L.) | Crushed carcase separation head and machine |
US4976973A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1990-12-11 | Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. | Process for producing protein-rich fish meal and fish oil |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2021928A1 (en) | 1991-02-08 |
CA2021928C (en) | 2002-05-14 |
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