US508003A - Downdraft brick-kiln - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. A. EUDALY.

DOWNDRAFT BRIGK KILN. 0 No. 508,003. Patented Nov. 7, 1893.

(No Model. 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. A. EUDALY. DOWNDRAFT BRICK KI LN.

No. 508,003. I Patented Nov. 7, 1893.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

N E UK D Um ET .F. AM .D w 0 D Patented Nov.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

' (No Model.)

W. A. EUDALY. DOWNDRAFT BRICK KILN.

Patented Nov. 7, 1893.

24% 42 .un..lll.|dl|ll|llfinldlllll a I H' UNITED STATES A PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. EUDALY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

DOWNDRAFT BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,003, dated November '7, 1893. Application filed May 28, 1892. Serial No. 434,783. (No model.)

To ml} whom it may concern:

3e it known that I, WILLIAM A. EUDALY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and Stateof Ohio, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns for Burnin g All Kinds of Clay WVares; and I-do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descrlption of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain improvements in kilns forburning brick,'tile, pottery and other ceramic products. The object of my invention is to provide an improved kiln having in view a more equal distribution of heat, giving more uniformity in burning, a more perfect combustion, producing greater economy of fuel and labor.

My invention consists in, providing an improved kiln with furnaces or heat producers each havinga double crown with an air chamber between the upper and lower crowns,

. which air chamber is adapted to convey the external air to the products of combustion in the combustion chamber situated within the klln proper by means of air fines entirely exterlor to the furnace or furnace throat as hereinafter set forth.

My invention consists further in providing a kiln with double bag walls situated within the kiln having air chambers between these two walls each connected with the external air by means of air fines situated at the bottom of said chamber as and for the purposes hereinafter more fully set forth.

My invention consists further in providing a kiln and the furnaces of the same with a system of hot air flues and chambers located in such positions that the external air pass- Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents a horizontal sectional view of myimproved kiln built with round bag walls,

taken on line11 of Figs. 3 and at. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of the same, built with straight bag walls, taken on line 11 of Figs. 3 and 4.. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on line 3-3 Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section on line 4.4 Fig. 1. Fig. 5represents a perspective view of the furnace broken so as to show the connection of the furnace, main walls of kiln, bags, air chambers and air fines. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view of myimproved kiln,built round, With round bag walls, taken on line 11 Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal vertical section on line 7-7 Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section of the furnace on line 8-8 Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is alongitudinal vertical section on line 9-9 Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of the furnace cutting the kiln and bag walls on line 10-10 Fig. 1.

In the drawings, W represents the outer wall of the kiln which may be constructed of any desired form or size, either square, oblong or round to suit the capacity and convenience of the plant.

The bottom of the kiln is divided into compartments H, H and T wholly beneath the floor of the kiln by the solid division walls S S. Each of the compartments H is provided with a large transverse exit flue F leading to a separate chimney 0 adapted to be regulated by a damper d from the outside of the kiln. The chimneys O O are preferably located within the main wall W of the kiln, though they may be built wholly or partially within or without the wall W.

Each section T or center portion of the kiln is provided with a large exit flue V, which in oblong kilns is divided in the center and connected with a chimney O at each end of the kiln.

In round kilns or very long square kilns that portion of fine V which passes through one side compartment H, in order to connect with a chimney O in the main Wall W is inclosed so as to exclude all the heat from section H or other part of the kiln except that entering flue V from the middle or center section T of the kiln. By this arrangement all the heat can be drawn to the center of the kiln, or by closing the damper in the chimney leading from flue V the heat can be thrown to the outer rim of wall of the kiln, thus by the shifting of the heat greater uniformity can be attained. Each section H and 'l is again laterally subdivided by a number of small division walls 3 s between which is a series of small flues 19,19, leading to the large flues F V. Each compartment H T together with the small and large fines leading from the same is connected with a perforated floor ofrbrick work L, which when completed constitutes the bottom or floor of the kiln on which the wares-are set for burning. At the ends of the fines F V are openings A through which air is admitted in cooling the kiln.

13, represents the bags or combustion chambers which may take a variety of forms and illustrated by a semi -circle in Fig.- 1 or straight, as in Fig. 2.

In my invention the bags B are made to serve the double purpose of conducting the heat from the furnaces G to the top of the kiln where it is distributed to the wares to be burned, and that of a combustion chamber, which taken in connection with the furnace proper cause the escaping products of combustion on their passage from the furnace to the kiln to converge at a point above the top of throat M, at which convergent point they become thoroughly mixed with cross currents of hot air escaping into the bag from the air chambers O and D, through openings t and q.

The bag B is inclosed on the outer sides or next the furnace by the kiln wall W, and on the inner side or next the wares to be burned by a suitable double wall 72., i; h, being the outer portion or bag wall proper and i, being the inner portion or bag lining. The bag lining '5 may extend only partially upor to the full height of the bag, depending upon the form of the bag and kind of wares to be burned.

O, is an air chamber situated between the bag wall 72 and the bag lining 2', and is preferably connected with the external air at the bottom of the ash-pit by one or more air flues ff, which pass into the bag foundation K, and

turning upward enter the air chamber 0, at the bottom of the bag wall as seen in Fig. 5. This chamber 0 should be closed at the top by uniting wall It and lining i so as to force the air from chamber 0 through openings?! t into the combustion chamberB below the top of the wall 7t, 2'. 'In this way the air escaping from chamber 0 in connection with the air from air flue a through opening q becomes thoroughly mixed with the products of combustion in bag 13. before passing out of bag 13. intothe kiln proper.

The objects of the air chamber 0, and air fines f and t, are, first, to supply air heated to a sufficient temperature to insure the perfect combustion of the gases that may escape from the furnace G as they pass through the bag or combustion chamber B and, by this arrangement the products of combustion are thoroughly consumed before entering the burning chamber of the kiln proper, thus preventing the fire-marking of the wares, which would be the result if the products of combustion were allowed to enter the burning chamber unconsumed. It has been found that different gases passing through the same line at the same timein the same direction do not readily mix or commingle; hence in my invention the air supply currents from air chambers O and D are made to strike the escaping unconsnmed gases and particles of fixed carbon in cross section while within the combustion chamber B, which affords a more thorough mixing of fresh particles of air with the volatile fuel and hence better combustion; second, it has heretofore been almost impossible to prevent the too rapid heating and overburningof the wares placed next the bag walls.

In 7 my invention, chamber 0, flues f and t afford a constant current of air passing between the inner wall Q and the outer wall h, by which the temperature on the inside of the kiln next the bag walls h, is equalized, thereby preventing the too rapid heatin g orover-burningof the wares in this portion of the kiln.

N, represents air chambers in each of the side walls of the furnace G and are connected with the external air by air flues n n. Openings 5 e, and 7c, connecting air chambers N N, and air flues m m respectively with the furnace G supply heated air to the gases above the fuel on the grate bars g.

D, indicates an air chamber outside the kiln wall WV between the upper and lower crowns of the furnace G, and is connected with the external air by air flu es c c; and with the bag or combustion chamber B by air fines a a, atthe points q g which openings (1 q should begin just above the arch over the throat of the furnace, the object being to admit the air as low down in the bag B as possible, to insure a more thorough mixing of the air and gases before they escape from the combustion chamber.

By means of the double crown, the inclosed air chamber D and the connecting flues c c and a a, the heat that would otherwise be lost at the top of the furnace by radiation is caused to heat currents of air in their passage through flues c c, a a, and chamber D. These currents of hot air escaping from chamber Dthrough flues a a, are distributed to the gases in the combustion chamber B at several points q q, in the lower portion of bag B, thus insuring a more perfect combustion of the same.

The air chambers D, N and air fiues m m at the top and sides of the furnace, the air fines ff and chamber 0 in the bag walls and the air fines a. a, in the main wall of the kiln serve the additional purpose of cooling the 7 ing greater durability to the kiln.

' kiln wall W.

' slanting grate forms a gas reservoir M bein the center of wide kilns.

r represents an opening through the bag wall at or near the bottom, passing through but not connected with air chamber 0 and adapted to be closed by a damper (not shown) by which any desired portion of the heat from the furnace can be distributed directly to the wares at the bottom or floor of the kiln, and in passing through the bag walls 71/ and v, aids in heating the air in air chamber 0.

9 represents the grate bars which may be any one of a variety of forms and when desired set so that the outer end may be a great deal higher than the inner end thus forming aslant'ing grate.

M is the furnace throat, or that part of the furnace within the main wall of the kiln and is formed by turning an arch inthe main wall of the kiln so as to extend below that portion of the furnace crown exterior to the This in connection with the neath the crown of that part ofthe furnace exterior to the main wall of the kiln. In this way a bridge wall also is formed at the top of the furnace, which in connection with the bridge wall at the bottom contracts the rear end of the furnace so as to produce a more thorough mixing of the hot air supply with the volatile "matter of the fuel, and at the same time cause these mixed gases to descend from the gas reservoir M beneath the outer end of the crown, and be impinged upon the'inca'ndescent fuel at the rear end of the grate bars as they pass through throat M to bags B, thusinsuring more perfect comthe heat increases in the kiln theburner or man operating'the-kiln'examines the condi tion and temperature of the wares through the'peep or test holes P P. If, at any time any compartment or section of the kiln is found to be heating too rapidly the dampers d, in the chimney of that compartment are partially or entirely closed as the condition of that particular section'may require and the heat is driven to the adjoining compartnients not so hot. I-Iereto'fore great difficulty has been experienced in burning the wares Especially is this the case in round kilns of large diameter. In my invention the center compartment or section T enables the operator, by closing the damper in the chimneys leading from the sides or outer compartments, to drive any desired portion of the heat to the center of'the kiln that it may escape through the fiue V and chimney leading from compartment T.

Or, should the center or middle of the kiln become too hot the damper in thechimney leading from the center can be closed causing the heat to seek an outlet at thesides or outer portion of the kiln. In this way the burner has complete control of the kiln and by a little care in handling the dampers greater uniformity in burning can be had than has heretofore been attained. The furnaces and combustion chambers are adapted to the use of any kind of fuel. After the fires have been lighted and the furnaces brought to a moderate degree of heat the volatile matter or gases are liberated from the fuel, and being much lighter than the fixed carbon rise to the top of the furnace or gas reservoir M beneath the outer end of the furnace crown at which point they become mixed with the airenteri'ng through the openings e e at'the sides of the furnace. These mixed currents passing back strike the bridge wall at the top of the furnace and are drawn downward through throat M toward the incandescent fuel on the rear end of the bars; at this point the gases meet and are mixed with the crosscurrents of hot air entering through the openings k is leading from flues m m at each side of the furnace. By this arrangement the gases are supplied with the necessary oxygen and by coming in contact with the incandescent fuel at the rear of the bars are heated to that temperature required to produce perfect combustion. It has been found, however, that in practice, it is impossible, with a strong draft in the kiln, to prevent a portion ofthe gases and small particles of fixed carbonfrom passing into the bag or combustionchamber B unconsumed. These unburned gases having reached the bagB will pass through said bags unconsumed and mingle with the wares in the kiln, unless supplied with the requisite amount of air heated to a proper temperature to insure perfect combustion before escaping from the top of the bag. In my invention this is accomplished by aid of air chambers O and D, and the connecting air flues which'supply hot air through openings t t, and q q, in cross section, which insures a more perfect mixing of the air and gases and hence a more perfect combustion of these gases'and particles of fixed carbon, while within the bag-or combustion chamber, in other kilns, especially with strong draft, these particles of combus tion are drawn through the bags unconsumed and are not only lost to the heat producing force of the fuel but causes great damage by passing through and discoloring the wares in the kiln. All the inlet air fines are adapted to be controlled'by dampers on the outside of the kiln or furnaces so that any desired quantity'of fresh air can be supplied to the'furmace, and combustion chamber depending upon the kind of fuel being used.

' It is evident that various changes might be made in the form, constructionsand'arrangements of the parts described without depart tion. Hence I do not wish to limit myself to the construction herein set forth.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A down-draft kiln having its bags or combustion chambers situated wholly Within the kiln, the inner side of said chamber being formed by double walls, said walls inclosing an air chamber, said air chamber being closed at the top and connected at the bottom with the external air by means of air fines and with the lower or middle portion of the combustion chamber by means of openings through the inner side of the double wall substantially as described.

2. In a down draft kiln, hollow bag walls, in combination with furnaces having double crowns adapted to admit heated air to both 2o sides of the combustion chamber in cross sec tions as and for the purposes set forth.

.3. A down draft kiln having air inlet fiucs leading into the upright combustion chamber from opposite sides of the same and trans verse to the length thereof.

4. A down draft kiln having furnaces with double crowns, vertical air fines in the main wall of the kiln connecting the air chamber in the double crown with the combustion chamber at various points.

5. A kiln having its upright combustion chamber provided with air inlet openings through opposite sides thereof below the upper end thereof, and air heating fines discharging heated air through said openings from opposite sides of the chamber.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM A. EUDALY.

Witnesses:

Soo'r'r HOLMES, M. E. CLEMONS.

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