US506078A - Process of manufacturing gas - Google Patents

Description

^ (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 1.-.

J.. R. ROSE". PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

No. 506,078. Patented 0ct.,3, 1893i WUJVESSES fjvmwzoz? t (No Model.) 4 sheets-sheet 2.; J. R. ROSE.

PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

1mm. HI n. d .|.l u Ik bm. nN. .5w m. vnN. x .Rauw

M .d M u bm. mw. um

S w S E W n W (-No Model.) Y 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

- y, J. R. ROSE.

PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

No. 506,078. Patented Oct. 3, 1898.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

' J. R. ROSE.

PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS. No. 506,073. Patentedoct.' 3, 1893. s A ./w S

WIY'JVESSES Y. NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES REUBEN ROSE, OF ALLEGHENY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO J. THORPE POTTS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS?.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 506,078, dated October 3, 1893. Applicatien led April 22, 1893. Serial No. 471,384. (No specimens.)

To afZZ whom #may concern.-

Beit known that I, JAMES REUBEN ROSE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Alle-A gheny, in the county of kAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new' and useful Improvements in Processes of Manufacturing Gas; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact de scription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in process for the manufacture Aof fuel and illuminating gas, and it consists of certain novel features hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which corresponding parts are indicated by similar letters throughout the several views.

Figure l represents a sectional view of the apparatus along the line a: of Fig.42, looking to the right, parts being shown in elevation. 'Fig 2 represents a section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 along the line y y of the said figure, the pipes connecting the various parts being shown in plan. Fig. 3 represents a section of the device shown in Fig. 4, along the line w of the said figure, and represents a modification of the apparatus shown in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 represents a section along the line y 'y' of Fig. 3, the pipes connecting 1 the various parts being shown in plan.

A represents one of a group of generators, in which any combustible fuel is used. A0 in Figs. 3 and 4 represents a similar generator, there being four of the said generators represented in Figs. l and 2, and three in Figs. 3 and 4. The said generators are provided with doors a for cleaning out the lower part of the furnace, apertures a', grates 01.2, of any desired type, pipes a5 for admitting steam and air, and devices A for feeding the fuel into the generator. Poke holes a3, and covers a4, as shown in Fig. 3, may also be provided.

B represents one of4 a pair, or several pairs of combined generators, regenerators and iixers, provided with a central partition wall h, which divides the interior space into two semi-cylindrical chambers. These chambers are further divided by perforated arches b', over which perforated arches, a checker work or filling or refractory material is placed. By means of these arches, the combined generator, regenerator and fixer B is divided into four chambers, B0, B', B4 and B5; over the checkerwork in the chambers B and B4 empty spaces B2 and B3 are leftvas shown in Figs. l and 3. .These empty spaces or upper cham- 6o bers B2 and BSare provided with doors b and b15 for putting inthe refractory material, and a relief cap hw. The lower chamber B0 is provided with a vertical wall bo a short distance away from the wall b, leaving between the two walls a chamber B6 provided at its base with an inlet b for the admission of any hydro-carbon. Each of the lower chambers B0 and B5 is provided with doors b4 and b5 and corresponding apertures for feeding fuel in on the grates b3, and doors b5 and bs, and 67 and b9 for cleaning out the bottom of the furnace and the ash pit respectively.

Z912 and Z913 are pipes for the admission of steam and air. 75

D represents a steam superheater provided with steam coil D.

The generators A in Figs. l and 2 are connected by pipes P to the main pipe P, which is connected to the branch pipe P? leading into the two generators B. Pipes P5 connect the chambers B5 with the pipes P4 leading to the steam superheaters Dfrom which the gas is carried by the pipe P9 to the place of consumption, or to a suitable reservoir.

YThe generators A0 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 are connected by the pipes P5 to the pipe P5, opening into the pipes P7 communicating with the chambers B0; these various pipes are provided with valves p, by which the generators may be cut out entirely, or the route of the gases may be changed, as will be hereinafter described.

The various generators A and A0 are provided with relief caps P8 which may be of any well known construction.

The operation of the device is as followsz* The generators A or A0 and the chambers Boare charged with coal or any fuel containing carbon, and the regenerators B5 are charged with coke or hard coal. This fuel is ignitedl and is blasted to incandescence. The products of IOO combustion from B0 and B5 pass up through the checker brick in B and B4, heating them, and thence into the air by means of the relief cap 1215; the products of combustion from the fuel in generators A escape into the air by means of the relief cap P5. This heating and allowing the products of combustion to escape into the air is only done on the initial heating up. As soon as the machineis closed up and the proper outlet for the escape of the gases opened, the manufacture of gas is continuons hour by hour, day by day,-only one generator at a time being detached for the purpose of cleaning. Steam for the purpose of obtaining hydrogen and air for the purpose of supporting combustion, are admitted through the pipe d5; at the bottom of the generators A0,and the resultant gases rising from above the incandescent fuel pass through the pipes connected to the generator and enter one of the chambers B0. Entering this chamber above the fuel on the grate b5, the gases mix with the hydro-carbon gases coming from the chamber B5 and the gases arising from the fuel in B0, and the mixture passing up through the perforated arch and highly heated refractory material B', over the top of the walls B down through the refractory material in Binto the chamber B5. Thence, passing out through the pipe P3, it reaches the steam superheater D, whence, bymeans of the pipePgit is carried to the place of consumption. The gases from the generators A0 and that retort B in process of being heated up pass over the incandescent fuel in the chamber B0 and have part of their carbon di-oxide reconverted into monoxide; while in passing through the heated refractory material in the chambers Band B4, the resultant gases become fixed. Then after leaving the chamber B4 the gases which are enriched by the hydrocarbon injected through the chamber B5 pass over the incandescent coke in the chamber B5 and most of the remaining carbon dioxide present is converted into carbon monoxide. A pressure is maintained in the machine which does not permit of a suction of the gas from the regenerator. Hence the gas churns in every body of fuel and cannot escape without contact. Thence the gases go to the steam superheater where the hot gases super-heat the steam used in the apparatus, which steam passes through the coil D', and is conducted to the various generators by pipes, not shown. Each of the various generators being supplied with its own valve or valves, may be cut out from the apparatus, for purposes of cleaning or repairing, or for any other cause,without interfering with the continuous operation of the apparatus. Since the passage of steam through the generator and regenerator B will tend to bring down its temperature and since a high heat is required in fixing the gases, the generators B are preferably worked in pairs, one of cach pair being used for regenerating and fixing the gases while the other is being heated up, and the products of combustion and the gases arising therefrom are mixed with the other gases from other generators. After passing the gases for a given time through one generator B, the course of the gases is reversed by means of the admission valves, and the gas is then regenerated and tixed in the other generator and regenerator of the pair; while in the regenerating and iixing chamber which has just been running, air is admitted at the bottom and it is heated again for the next run.

In the process of heating up, the products of combustion from the regenerator B5 are carried up through the refractory material in the chamber B4, over the wall b, down through the refractory material in the chamber B and through the perforated arch b', where they meet with the gases from the generator B0; and hydro-carbon gas from the chamber B5. Thence they pass to the pipe leading to the other generator B, in which pipe the said products of combustion mingle with the gases from the Various generators and the mixture enters the regenerating and fixing chamber, where the process of' regeneration and fixing is carried out.

The gases from the generators A and B0 are producer gases. When they meet with hydrocarbon gas and become fixed in B', B4 and B5 they are hydro-carbon gases of approximately the following com position Hydrogen, ten per cent.; marsh gas, six percent.; carbon monoxide, twenty per cent.; heavy hydro-carbons, six per cent.; carbon, dioxide 0.99 per cent.; oxygen, .54 per cent.; nitrogen, 54.47 per cent.

YVhen the regenerator which is being heated up has reached the desired temperature, the heating up is stopped, and the gases to lbe regenerated and fixed are made to pass through that generator. By this process a continuous flow of gas is maintained. Should the generators B get too hot, steam may be introduced through the pipes Z212 and U5 which will bring down the temperature sufficiently. The air is supplied by a pressure, as also the steam.

It Will be evident that by increasing Vthe amount of steam introduced into the base of the generators A, the quantity of hydrogen set free may be increased, and hence better fuel gas may be obtained; while by increasing the percentage of carbon, either by diminishing the amount of steam admitted, or by injecting a greater amount of hydro-carbon through the pipe at the base of the chamber B5, an illuminating gas richer in carbon may be obtained. It will be seen that in this process a mixture of gases containing oletiant gas is carried from the various generators to a large pipe Where the temperature is reduced and free hydrogen and carbon are evolved; then conducting this mixture into ahighly heated chamber the carbon and hydrogen unite again to form marsh gas, and the carbon dioxide present is reduced to monoxide, whereby great heating ehect is obtained.

IOO

gas, then ypassing the resulting mixture of gases through highly heated fixing chambers, I 5 and finally passing the xed gases above a layer of coke or coal heated to a high temperature, substantially as and for the pur poses described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in zo presence of two Witnesses.

JAMES RUBEN ROSE.-

Witnesses:

W. L. RoDGERs, ALAN C. STEVENsoN.

Images