US5034148A - Cleansing compositions - Google Patents
Cleansing compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5034148A US5034148A US07/442,566 US44256689A US5034148A US 5034148 A US5034148 A US 5034148A US 44256689 A US44256689 A US 44256689A US 5034148 A US5034148 A US 5034148A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- complex
- composition according
- detergent
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/088—Iron or steel solutions containing organic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to cleansing compositions comprising a detergent and an acid formate in aqueous solution.
- compositions comprising detergents and acids have hitherto been formulated.
- a composition comprising a detergent and oxalic acid is used for cleansing stains and iron oxide deposits caused by the braking mechanism of railway carriages.
- Such compositions though effective contain a high concentration, e.g. up to 92% w/w of oxalic acid which is increasingly becoming unacceptable due to its toxicological properties.
- the present invention is a cleansing composition
- a cleansing composition comprising in aqueous solution a detergent and an acid salt and/or complex of formic acid.
- Acid salts and/or complexes of formic acid comprise more than one chemical equivalent of a formate ion per cation which is other than hydrogen.
- Such acid salts and/or complexes are claimed and described in our prior published GB-A-1505388.
- tetraformate salts and/or complexes which comprise one chemical equivalent of a formate ion and three chemical equivalents of formic acid and one chemical equivalent of a cation derived from NH 3 or a Group I or Group II metal according to the Periodic Table, are preferred.
- the tetraformates are suitably those of NH 4 + , Na + , K + , Ca ++ or Mg ++ , preferably those of NH 4 + , Na + or K + , most preferably ammonium tetraformate.
- the cleansing composition of the present invention suitably contains the acid salt and/or complex and the detergent in a weight ratio of 30-70:0.5-20 respectively, preferably from 35-70:0.5-10 respectively.
- the detergent component of the composition may be any suitable surfactant compatible with or capable of forming a homogeneous solution with the acid salt and/or complex when in aqueous solution.
- a typical example of such a detergent is a nonyl phenol ethoxylate, especially a nonyl phenol ethoxylate with about 8 or 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonyl phenol.
- Ethylan TU or BCP (Regd. Trade Mark) marketed by Lankro Chemicals Ltd is an example.
- a typical cleansing composition is suitably diluted with water such that the active ingredients consisting of the acid salt and/or complex and the detergent is suitably present in aqueous solution in an amount from 1-15%, preferably from 2.5-10% w/w.
- compositions of the present invention may optionally contain other components such as citric acid, phosphoric acid, oxyalkylene glycols and the like to enhance performance thereof.
- a preferred oxyalkylene glycol is ethoxypropoxy propanol.
- a typical formulation may contain the tetraformate salt:optional ingredient:detergent in a weight ratio of 45:45:10 respectively.
- a typical formulation may contain an aqueous solution of ammonium tetraformate aqueous solution (70% strength) 43.75 parts, phosphoric acid aqueous solution (85% strength) 49.25 parts, ethoxypropoxy propanol (EPD) 5.0 parts, nonyl phenol ethoxylate (9 moles EO) 2.0 parts.
- Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl 3 6H 2 O) general purpose grade
- EDP Ethoxypropoxy propanol
- a cleansing composition of the present invention (described in the tables below) was prepared by dissolving 25 g of the composition under test in 1 litre of distilled water.
- the dried slides were thus coated with an adherent iron oxide stain along with some loosely bound material.
- the stained slide is then immersed in distilled water within an ultrasonic bath and ultrasonically agitated for 20 seconds so as to remove the loosely bound material from the surfaces of the slide.
- the stained slide is thereafter removed from the bath and allowed to dry at 20° C. ⁇ 5° C.
- Ts spectrophotometer
- the slides were cleaned with the cleansing compositions of the present invention shown in the table below. This was done by immersing the stained slide in the composition in an ultrasonic bath and subjecting the slide to ultrasonic agitation for 7 minutes at a temperature of 20° C. ⁇ 2° C.
- the washed slides were then removed and allowed to air dry (20° C. ⁇ 5° C.).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to a cleansing composition comprising a detergent and an acid salt and/or a complex of formic acid which has more than one chemical equivalent of formate ion per cation other than hydrogen. The compositions are suitable for cleaning stains and iron oxide deposits caused by the braking mechanism of railway carriages.
Description
The present invention relates to cleansing compositions comprising a detergent and an acid formate in aqueous solution.
Various cleansing compositions comprising detergents and acids have hitherto been formulated. In particular a composition comprising a detergent and oxalic acid is used for cleansing stains and iron oxide deposits caused by the braking mechanism of railway carriages. Such compositions though effective contain a high concentration, e.g. up to 92% w/w of oxalic acid which is increasingly becoming unacceptable due to its toxicological properties. It is also inconvenient to use since, being a solid, it must be dissolved in a solvent e.g. water prior to use. It has therefore become apparent that the users of these known cleansing compositions are seeking alternative formulations which can perform the necessary cleansing function but have relatively lower associated toxicological risks, and preferably are liquids for ease of use.
Accordingly, the present invention is a cleansing composition comprising in aqueous solution a detergent and an acid salt and/or complex of formic acid.
Acid salts and/or complexes of formic acid comprise more than one chemical equivalent of a formate ion per cation which is other than hydrogen. Such acid salts and/or complexes are claimed and described in our prior published GB-A-1505388. Of these tetraformate salts and/or complexes, which comprise one chemical equivalent of a formate ion and three chemical equivalents of formic acid and one chemical equivalent of a cation derived from NH3 or a Group I or Group II metal according to the Periodic Table, are preferred.
The tetraformates are suitably those of NH4 +, Na+, K+, Ca++ or Mg++, preferably those of NH4 +, Na+ or K+, most preferably ammonium tetraformate.
The cleansing composition of the present invention suitably contains the acid salt and/or complex and the detergent in a weight ratio of 30-70:0.5-20 respectively, preferably from 35-70:0.5-10 respectively.
The detergent component of the composition may be any suitable surfactant compatible with or capable of forming a homogeneous solution with the acid salt and/or complex when in aqueous solution. A typical example of such a detergent is a nonyl phenol ethoxylate, especially a nonyl phenol ethoxylate with about 8 or 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonyl phenol. Ethylan TU or BCP (Regd. Trade Mark) marketed by Lankro Chemicals Ltd is an example.
A typical cleansing composition is suitably diluted with water such that the active ingredients consisting of the acid salt and/or complex and the detergent is suitably present in aqueous solution in an amount from 1-15%, preferably from 2.5-10% w/w.
The compositions of the present invention may optionally contain other components such as citric acid, phosphoric acid, oxyalkylene glycols and the like to enhance performance thereof. A preferred oxyalkylene glycol is ethoxypropoxy propanol.
Where such optional ingredients are present, these are suitably used in the composition in a manner that the amount used replaces an equivalent amount of the tetraformate salt from the composition provided that the amount of the tetraformate salt is never less than 10% w/w of the total active ingredients in the composition. Thus, a typical formulation may contain the tetraformate salt:optional ingredient:detergent in a weight ratio of 45:45:10 respectively.
Thus a typical formulation may contain an aqueous solution of ammonium tetraformate aqueous solution (70% strength) 43.75 parts, phosphoric acid aqueous solution (85% strength) 49.25 parts, ethoxypropoxy propanol (EPD) 5.0 parts, nonyl phenol ethoxylate (9 moles EO) 2.0 parts.
No additional water is necessary in such a formulation.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following Examples.
The method used initially forms an adherent iron oxide stain on a substrate surface simulating the stain on a railway carriage and then the efficiency of the cleansing compositions in removing the stains is tested as follows:
Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 6H2 O) general purpose grade
Distilled water
Ammonium tetraformate (70% w /w aqueous solution, (ATF))
Detergent--Ethylan TU (nonyl phenol ethoxylate)--Ex Lankro Chemicals Ltd.
Citric acid
Ethoxypropoxy propanol (EDP)
54 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water (Solution A). The solution was allowed to stand to allow any froth produced to settle.
12 ml of Solution A was added to 750 ml of distilled water which was heated to 90° C. to form the iron oxide solution (Solution B).
A cleansing composition of the present invention (described in the tables below) was prepared by dissolving 25 g of the composition under test in 1 litre of distilled water.
Six microscope glass slides were prepared for the test and each slide was totally immersed in Solution B at 20° C.±5° C. for 5 seconds and then removed in order to allow excess solution on the slide to drain off.
Each slide was then held on a support and allowed to dry at room temperature (20° C.±5° C.) overnight under a dust cover.
The dried slides were thus coated with an adherent iron oxide stain along with some loosely bound material.
The stained slide is then immersed in distilled water within an ultrasonic bath and ultrasonically agitated for 20 seconds so as to remove the loosely bound material from the surfaces of the slide.
The stained slide is thereafter removed from the bath and allowed to dry at 20° C.±5° C.
The extent of stain on the slide was then measured using a spectrophotometer (Ts) which had to be calibrated to 100% transmission using a blank slide at a wave length of 400 nm.
After measuring the stain on each slide, the slides were cleaned with the cleansing compositions of the present invention shown in the table below. This was done by immersing the stained slide in the composition in an ultrasonic bath and subjecting the slide to ultrasonic agitation for 7 minutes at a temperature of 20° C.±2° C.
The washed slides were then removed and allowed to air dry (20° C.±5° C.).
The transmission of each of the treated slides after washing and drying was again measured (Tc) using the procedure described above.
The difference in transmission between the stained slide (Ts) and the cleaned slide (Tc) was then calculated for each slide and averaged over the six slides used for each cleansing composition tested. ##EQU1##
The results for a series of tests are shown below.
______________________________________
wt % in & stain
Test Cleansing Composition aqueous soln
removal
______________________________________
1 ATF
92 parts
Detergent
2 parts 2.5 14.0
Water
6 parts
2 ATF
85 parts
Detergent
3.75 parts 2.5 11.4
Water
11.25 parts
3 ATF
80 parts
Detergent
5 parts 2.5 11.0
Water
15.0 parts
4 ATF
45 parts
EDP
45 parts
Detergent
2.5 parts 2.5 8.9
Water
7.5 parts
5 ATF
45 parts
Citric acid
45 parts
Detergent
2.5 parts 2.5 14.3
Water
7.5 parts
______________________________________
ATF 70% w/w aqueous solution of ammonium tetraformate.
Further tests 6, 7 and 8 were performed using for cleaning the following formulations on actual sections of railway carriage soiled by iron oxide. The efficiency of cleaning shown represent the performance based on a base line of 100% corresponding to complete removal of the soil. All abbreviations used have the same meaning as for tests 1-5 above.
______________________________________
FORMULATION Cleaning
Term Components wt % Efficiency (%)
______________________________________
6 ATF 97.5 60
Detergent 2.5
7 ATF 87.5
Detergent 2.5 65
EDP 10.0
8 ATF 65.6
Detergent 2.5 70
Citric Acid 21.9
EDP 10.0
______________________________________
Claims (8)
1. A cleansing composition comprising in aqueous solution (1) a detergent and (2) from one to 15 percent by weight an acid salt of formic acid, an acid complex of formic acid, or mixtures of the salt and complex, wherein the said acid salt and complex of formic acid comprise more than one chemical equivalent of a formate ion salt per cation other than hydrogen.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the acid salt and/or complex is a tetraformate comprising one chemical equivalent of a formate ion, three chemical equivalents of formic acid and one chemical equivalent of a cation derivable from ammonia, a Group I metal or a Group II metal according to the Periodic Table.
3. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the acid salt and/or complex and the detergent are present in a weight ratio of 30-70:0.5-20 respectively.
4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the detergent in said composition is a surfactant compatible with or capable of forming a homogeneous solution with the acid salt, and/or complex of formic acid in aqueous solution.
5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the surfactant is a nonyl phenol ethoxylate.
6. A composition according to claim 5 wherein the surfactant is a nonyl phenol ethoxylate containing about 8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of nonyl phenol.
7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said composition contains a component selected from citric acid, phosphoric acid, an oxyalkylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein the oxyalkylene glycol is ethoxypropoxy propanol.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB888827826A GB8827826D0 (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1988-11-29 | Cleansing compositions |
| GB8827826 | 1988-11-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US5034148A true US5034148A (en) | 1991-07-23 |
Family
ID=10647639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/442,566 Expired - Fee Related US5034148A (en) | 1988-11-29 | 1989-11-29 | Cleansing compositions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5034148A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0375167A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02189398A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK601889A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8827826D0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5486314A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-01-23 | O. K. Wack Chemie Gmbh | Cleaning agent containing glycol ethers |
| US6297208B1 (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2001-10-02 | Iron Out, Inc. | Rust stain removal formula |
| US20090280594A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2009-11-12 | Qualtre, Inc. | Three-axis accelerometers and fabrication methods |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996027654A1 (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-12 | Bush Boake Allen Limited | Composition and method for cleaning hard surfaces |
| JP4743162B2 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2011-08-10 | Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 | Diffuser and diffuser |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE375426C (en) * | 1922-09-12 | 1923-05-12 | Georg Kropfhammer | Procedure for derusting |
| CH428051A (en) * | 1963-08-31 | 1967-01-15 | Maison Sineclor S Alf Treuter | Use of formic acid as a decalcifying and cleaning agent |
| GB1505388A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-03-30 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Acid salt solutions |
| US4092273A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1978-05-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid detergent of controlled viscosity |
| US4305837A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1981-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized aqueous enzyme composition |
| US4318818A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1982-03-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized aqueous enzyme composition |
| US4323461A (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1982-04-06 | Petrolite Corporation | Process of inhibiting scale formation in aqueous systems using di-quaternary ammonium salts of α-1,4-thiazine alkanephosphonic acids |
| US4368147A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1983-01-11 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid detergent of controlled viscosity |
| US4486329A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1984-12-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid all-purpose cleaner |
| BE900897A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1985-02-15 | Lorand Michel | Surface cleaner contg. oxalic acid and formic acid - opt. with surfactant, esp. for vehicle or locomotive exteriors |
| US4507219A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-26 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Stable liquid detergent compositions |
-
1988
- 1988-11-29 GB GB888827826A patent/GB8827826D0/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-11-23 EP EP89312198A patent/EP0375167A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-11-28 JP JP1306780A patent/JPH02189398A/en active Pending
- 1989-11-29 US US07/442,566 patent/US5034148A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-11-29 DK DK601889A patent/DK601889A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE375426C (en) * | 1922-09-12 | 1923-05-12 | Georg Kropfhammer | Procedure for derusting |
| CH428051A (en) * | 1963-08-31 | 1967-01-15 | Maison Sineclor S Alf Treuter | Use of formic acid as a decalcifying and cleaning agent |
| US4092273A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1978-05-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid detergent of controlled viscosity |
| US4368147A (en) * | 1974-10-03 | 1983-01-11 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid detergent of controlled viscosity |
| GB1505388A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1978-03-30 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Acid salt solutions |
| US4323461A (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1982-04-06 | Petrolite Corporation | Process of inhibiting scale formation in aqueous systems using di-quaternary ammonium salts of α-1,4-thiazine alkanephosphonic acids |
| US4318818A (en) * | 1979-11-09 | 1982-03-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized aqueous enzyme composition |
| US4305837A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1981-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stabilized aqueous enzyme composition |
| US4507219A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1985-03-26 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Stable liquid detergent compositions |
| US4486329A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1984-12-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid all-purpose cleaner |
| BE900897A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1985-02-15 | Lorand Michel | Surface cleaner contg. oxalic acid and formic acid - opt. with surfactant, esp. for vehicle or locomotive exteriors |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5486314A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-01-23 | O. K. Wack Chemie Gmbh | Cleaning agent containing glycol ethers |
| US6297208B1 (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2001-10-02 | Iron Out, Inc. | Rust stain removal formula |
| US20090280594A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2009-11-12 | Qualtre, Inc. | Three-axis accelerometers and fabrication methods |
| US7892876B2 (en) | 2006-05-10 | 2011-02-22 | Qualtre, Inc. | Three-axis accelerometers and fabrication methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0375167A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
| DK601889D0 (en) | 1989-11-29 |
| DK601889A (en) | 1990-05-30 |
| GB8827826D0 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
| JPH02189398A (en) | 1990-07-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BP CHEMICALS LIMITED Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BLACK, BRIAN D.;REEL/FRAME:005697/0847 Effective date: 19891121 |
|
| REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
| LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
| FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 19950726 |
|
| STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |