US500693A

US500693A - Heating apparatus

Info

Publication number: US500693A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1893-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 1910-07-04

Description

6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

G. L. SHOREY. HEATING APPARATUS.

N0. 500,693. Patented July 4, 1893.

Wrrpl 5555 Nd Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet; 2.

G. L. SHOREY.

HEATING APPARATUS. No. 500,693. Patented July 4, 1893.

wiiii $312M (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. L. SHOREY. HEATING APPARATUS.

Patented July 4, 18 93.

WITF EAEIEJEE (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

G.-L. SHOREY.

HEATING APPARATUS. No. 500,693. Patented July 4, 1893.

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(No Model.)

7 G.L.SH-OREY.

HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 500,693,. Patented Jilly/1, 1893.

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HEATING APPARATUS! No. 500,693. Patented July 4, 1893 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE L. SHOREY, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 500,693, dated July 4, 1893.

Application filed July 18, 1892. Serial No. 440,397. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE L. SHOREY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a full, complete, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature.

In a patent granted me October 13, 1891, No. 460,905, I described a furnace which had two connections with the chimney or up-take, one of which was from above the fire, and one of which was from below thefire. A controlling damper which connected the pipe from below the fire with the chimney, or with the outer air was provided. In the apparatus of this patent the draft of the pipe which led toward the chimney from above the fire was controlled or intended to be controlled by the movement of the damper which regulated the draft; but, inasmuch as the pipe from below the fire, and the pipe from above the fire joined each other at the up-take or close to the uptake, the draft in the pipe above the fire was indirectly managed by the damper in the pipe which entered the ash-pit below the fire. I have found it advisable at times and under certain circumstances to control the draft in both pipes by direct mechanical means, and I propose to do it automatically by means of a thermostat and a motor which gets its motive power through the action of the thermostat.

In the following description the pipe leading from the fire space of the furnace above the fire will be called the up-take. The pipe leading from below the fire will be called the ashpit pipe.

There are two methods of controlling the draft in a pipe which are of common use. One is to decrease the size of the pipe. For the purposes of this case this method of controlling the draft is called choke or choking. It is accomplished by the aid of a damper which is turned so as to more orless obstruct the area of the pipe or flue. The second method is called check or checkinggwhich is caused by admitting air into the draft pipe from theoutside. It is usual to employ both the choke and the check tomanagc the draft of a furnace. It is not usual, however, to employ an apparatus which simultaneously closes the check and opens the choke of an up-take, and closes the choke of the ash-pit pipe and simultaneously opens a draft into the ash-pit, although this has been done; but, only, so far as I know, by gearing the dampers together, and only by employing three dampers at least for the purpose. In order to open and close the dampers which cover the choke and check of this apparatus, both in the np-take and in the ash-pit pipe, and which determine which way the current shall run in the ash-pit pipe, I need, unless I have specially constructed dampers, an apparatus of considerable power and some delicacy which shall be actuated automatically, and in order to actuate such an apparatus as this automatically I need a thermostat of considerably greater delicacy than has hitherto been employed, which, being placed in a room to be heated and set at the average temperature of the room, shall work with a small margin of changes of temperature in such a way as to give reasonable results in the automatic supply of motive power to the motor. It is also true that in operating a single damper that may happen to be somewhat unbalanced, or that may govern a large furnace, a thermostatically actuated motor of considerable power will be required, and a thermostat of greater delicacy and directness of action than was hitherto provided will be needed. And one object of the invention described in this specification is to provide such a mechanism as will serve to operate under thermostatic influences a damper which requires considerable power to actuate it, whether that requirement arises from the fact that the damper itself is hard to work on account of friction or unbalanced weight, or whether it is hard to work on account of the inertia arising from its considerable size.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of the motor. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the motor. Fig. 3 is a plan of the motor; and Fig. 4 is a section through the motor. is an elevation of the thermostat. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the thermostat with the front plate removed. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the thermostat. Fig. Sis a perspective of the water shed which I have adopted. Fig. 9 is Fig. 5

IOO

a plan of the bottom of the thermostat. Fig. 10 is a detail of the thermostat at its upper end, being drawn in section on a larger scale than which is shown in Fig. 7. Fig. ll is a modified form of the nozzles for water supply. Fig. 12 shows how the valve of the thermostat shown in Fig. 11 is actuated. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing how the apparatus is combined with the dampers of the furnace.

In the drawings, A, Fig. 2, is a water motor, which in substance is a well known form of over shot wheel.

It is obvious in looking at Fig. 4 that if the buckets on the left hand side of that figure are comparatively full of water, and the buck- V ets on the right hand side of that figure are comparatively empty, the water wheel, A, will revolve in the direction of the arrow on the disk of wheel A, in Fig. 4. This revolution of the water wheel is secured by a supply of water delivered to it through the trough F This water which actuates the motor may be derived from any source,but I prefer to have it pass through a thermostat.

Two pipes g 9 bring water from the thermostat to actuate the motor. These two pipes g 9' may deliver the water which they carry into the trough F or they may waste the water received from the thermostat by letting it run away over the shields F or F, shown in Fig. 4, the shields F F being the means by which the water is conveyed from the thermostat through pipes g g is allowed to pass into or is excluded from the trough F as, for instance, if water is passing down the pipe g, as shown in Fig. 2, it will be received by the trough F and delivered to the buckets of the water-wheel A, and this Wheel will be kept in revolution and will continue to revolve until the shield F is interposed between the trough F and the pipe g. This will be when the crank D on the axis of the gear Wheel D has made a half revolution, and as the damper chains will be attached to the link E, which is upon the said crank D by means of the hooks e, the two dampers handled by this means will be set at their greatest point of opening. The motor A, will then stop, holding by the weight of water in its buckets, the damper open until a change of temperature in the room where the thermostat is placed has been brought about, when Water will begin to come down the pipe g, which will have unobstructed access to the trough F In this position of the motor, when water then comes down the pipe 9, and enters the trough F the motor will again go ,on and will continue to go on until the crank D has come to its first position, when the shield F will interrupt the stream of water through the pipe 9 and divert it from the trough F The motor will then come to a halt, until the temperature in the room where the thermostat is placed is changed again so that water can come down the pipe g.

It will be noticed on reference to Fig. 'l of the drawings that the pinion is an eight toothed pinion, and the wheel a sixty-four toothed wheel, so that about four complete turns of the motor will be necessary to open the damper wide or to close it completely when it is open, and, as the water supply through the two pipes can be limited to any degree, almost any degree of slowness in the operation can be secured.

If the shields F F were shields which protected the trough F from the stream coming through one or the other of the pipes g g in such a way that there should always be a shield interposed between one of the pipes and the trough or the other of the pipes and the trough, the result might arrive that the temperature of the room in which the thermostat was situated would be changed so as to shift the stream from one to the other of the pipes g g before the Water wheel had sufficiently turned to enable the trough F to receive the stream from the pipe to which it has been shifted, and so continue the motion of the wheel to closethe damper. I have found therefore, that in order to make the water wheel go through its complete series of revolutions, and so continue the cycleof operations from a complete closure to a complete opening and from a complete opening to a complete closure, the shields F F should not be shields which protect the trough F from the access of water from one or the other of the pipes g g during a half revolution of the wheel D, with whose revolution they coincide, but should only be of sucha length as to protect the access of water to the trough F duringabout onesixth respectively of the revolution of the wheel D, and that the water which has passed through the thermostat,whether it comes down the pipe g or the pipe g should fall into the trough during about two-thirds of the semirevolution of the wheel D. In other words, as the motor wheel D moves round about four times to open the damper, and about four times more to close the damper, itshould be protected from the access of water coming to it through the thermostat only during a little more than one revolution of the motor wheel. Of course the amount of protection given will depend Very much on the size of the heating apparatus which is to be governed, but within ordinary commercial limits it will be sufficientto deflect from thetrough F the water coming through the thermostat during a third of the time that is required fora complete operation of the opening or a complete operation of the closing of a damper, and consequently I have made the shields F F of such length in their chords as to cut off the water supply to the trough F from the stream which they govern respectively only during one-third of the movement which tends to open or close the damper and thus the water supply that passes through the thermostat whether it comes down the pipe 9 or the pipe g will fall into the trough during the last two-thirds of the semi-revolution of the wheel D. In this way I am sure that the damper will always be wholly opened and wholly closed through the action of the thermostat. Of course, at a given atmospheric temperature and a given temperature of a room, and with a heating apparatus exactly adapted to the requirements, and a quality of fuel which was invarible the shields could be made of the length of a semi-circumference. But as all these conditions to which I have referred are in practice variable, I have found it more practical to insure the continuous working of the apparatus by shortening the length of the shields, and the shortening which I have described produces a fair commercial length for the shields. It may be made somewhat less without particularly interfering with the working of the apparatus. It may be made considerably greater and still work comparatively well, but for ordinary temperatures and purposes the length of shield which I have described will be satisfactory. This motor is intended specially to be used in places where considerable power is required to actuate the dampers of a furnace, where, for instance, they might be unbalanced or something of that nature. Its action can be regulated by increasing the quantity of water supply through the thermostat; because if a large quantity of water is supplied through the thermostat the action of the water wheel will be quicker than if a smaller quantity is supplied. The manner in which the thermostat acts willbe readily understood from the drawings Figs. 5, 6,7, 8, and 9.

I described in a former patent, granted October13, 1891, No. 460,996, a thermostat and a water motor which were adapted to operate a damper. The thermostat of that application might be employed with this, but I prefer the one illustrated in the present application.

In the drawings Fig. 5 showsa front of the machine. It has a front plate 11, on which is mounted a thermometer h, and this front plate H is perforated at 11', so that the working parts may be seen. An adjusting screw h is at the upper part of the f rontplate. It passes through it and lays hold at its end of an arm '6 which is firmly attached to the thermostatic plate I. This thermostatic plate I, is composed, as shown in Fig. 10, of two strips 1 and I which are of different expansibilities the one than the other. A good material to make this thermostatic strip of is brass and hard rubber, which have very different coefficiency of expansion, and which, therefore, will give a very considerable throw to the free end of the thermostatic strip. The upper part of the thermostatic strip is provided with a boss 1 which is fastened by a pivot pin 1 to the frame of the machine. tends downward from this boss 2' and thus is in fixed relation with the upper part of the thermostatic strip I. The head of theadjusting screw is marked it, and the screw itself is marked 71?. It passes through a nut 7L3, which is fastened in the front plate of the machine.

The arm 2' exr The end of this screw lays hold of a cross head 12*, which is placed ina fork t at the lower end of the arm 71. It will readily be seen therefore that the thermostatic strip I can be adjusted by turning the screw head It near to or farther from the front plate of the machine, and thus the throw of the lower end of the strip can be regulated within reasonable limits.

The lower end of the thermostatic strip I is provided with an arm J, which has upon its end a pin j, shown in Fig. 9, which pin j e11- gages in a slot in the lever attached to the shaft K. The shaft K has a slotted lever is firmly attached to it, and is mounted in bearings in the tank L, shown in plan in Fig. 9. Up through the bottom of this tank at M ascends a water pipe on (Fig. '7) which has a controlling cock m and a goose neck m through the nozzle of which a stream of water of any predetermined amount, regulated by the turn of the regulating cock m, is delivered. The two delivery pipes g g are shown as passing through the bottom of the tank L, in Fig. 9. This tank L has a partition I through it, which partition is shown in section in Fig. 6, and in plan in Fig.9. For convenience sake this partition was not made exactly straight, but was curved in plan, as shown in Fig. 9. The nozzle of the goose neck would come about over the center of this curved part of the partition, which is marked Z in Fig. 9. 7 Water delivered through the nozzle of the pipe m, which nozzle is best represented in Fig. 6, and is there marked m will fall 011 the lefthand side of the partition Z in the apparatus, shown in the plan View Fig. 9.

Upon the shaft K is mounted on its end opposite the end where the lever j takes hold of said shaft K, a thin and light deflector N. The shape of this deflector can be understood from the plan view Fig. 9, and the perspective Fig. 8. It has an ear n, by which it is attached to the shaft. It is bent at or near its point of attachment to the shaft toward the lever 70. ward edge, which flange is turned away from the lever 70. A counterpoise O is attached to the shaft K, and balances the deflector N. WVhen the lower end of the thermostatic strip, I, is bent forward, the shaft K will be turned by the movement of the pin j, in the slotof the lever 70, and the deflector N will be moved toward the nozzle m of the pipe m. When it gets under the stream of water proceeding It has a flange it upon its fora.

from said nozzle, the water will follow it on the outside,or on the inside, or both,and will fall into a subdivision of the tank L, from which the pipe g proceeds, and consequently will flow through the pipe g to the motor.

It will be observed that the thermostatic strip I, is, when the machine is in operation, a strip fixed at one end at or about the location of the pivot 2' and movable, in consequence of its differential expansion, at the other end about said fixed point of support, but in a curve, practically differing but little from the arc of a circle,the pin j at the end of the extension J, shown in Fig. 7, being moved in an arc, the center of which is at or about the center of the pivot i in said Fig. 7. This pin j fits in a straight slot in the arm 76 which is attached to the shaft K. Inasmuch therefore as the pin jmoves in an arc, the center of which is near the central point of the pivot t and the slot in the arm 70 is straight, and stands normally at an obtuse angle to the line of the arm J, when this pin j is moved to-- ward the front of the machine in the arm of the slot 70 it will lift the arm 70, and thereby revolve the shaft K, on which shaft the deflector N will be moved in the same direction as the arm 70, and lifted so as to pass under the nozzle m The counterpoise 0 will balance the deflector N and the arm k, and so make the motion exceedingly easy; and the movement of the pinj in the slot of the arm is will lift or lower the deflector toward or from the nozzle, according as the arm J, attached to the thermostatic strip is moved.

In the drawings Figs. 11 and 12 are shown a modified form of the apparatus in which the deflector instead of receiving a stream from'a nozzle is inclosed in the pipe m and turns the stream into one or another nozzle as described. In this apparatus as before, I is the thermostatic strip, 3' is a link attached to this thermostatic strip, k is a lever attached to the head of aplug cock which is at the top of the water pipe m, and m m are two nozzles, one of which delivers water to one subdivision of the tank,shown in Figs. 6 and 9, and the other to another subdivision of the tank. It is obvious that if this valve which is marked I in the drawings N Fig. 11, is moved on its axis, so as tothrow the water into the nozzle m water will be delivered through that nozzle; whereas, if the levers and links assume the position shown in the dotted lines in Fig. 12, the water will be shut off from the nozzle m and allowed to run through the nozzle m But in this case it is obvious that, although you may technically call this instrumentality a twoway cock, and although you may devise another inst-rumentality which can be called a two-way cock, in reality it is nothing buta deflector, and is an exact mechanical equivalent for the deflector shown in the drawings Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9.

In the drawings Fig. 13, the combination of the described apparatus with a furnace is represented in diagram. In this the thermostat is marked H, the pipes leading from the thermostat are marked 9 g, the water motor is marked D, its two shields are marked F F, the link to which the damper chains are attached is marked E, the furnace is marked 0, its uptake or smoke stack P, the damper in the uptake 19, the damper on the air supply is marked q, the ash-pit door is marked 0, the fire door is marked 0', and the man-hole doors, which permit access to the water pipes of a water heater, are marked 0 The chains leading from the link E are marked 19. They run over pulleys 19 as shown, and this chain the uptake, and 19 leading to the draft damper g.

It is obvious that when the motor is set in operation and the link E drawn down the two dampers p q will be simultaneously opened and a supply of air admitted below, and an enlarged outlet for the uptake provided above the fire, whereby the fire will be brightened up. When the motor returns to its original position, the supply of air will be shut 0H, and the uptake closed, and the consumption of fuel checked, until the space to be heated has fallen in temperature sufficiently to allow the water to be started up again. These dampers which are here represented are the common and ordinary dampers of a heating apparatus, and this arrangement of motor and thermostat permits me to combine thermostatic regulations with an ordinary heater, no matter how much power is required to move the dampers.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. The combination of a water supply, a pipe leading from the water supply, a thermostat, a deflector actuated by the thermostat, and adapted to turn the stream proceeding from the water supply into one or another subdivision of a tank according to the position of the thermostat, two pipes leading from the said tank, one from one sub-division, and the other from the other subdivision, and a nonreciprocating water motor which receives the water flowing from said tank, which water motor is geared to make more than one revolution to open a damper and more than one revolution to close a damper; a trough F which receives water from the pipes g g proceeding from the tanks, and two shields FF respectively adapted to divert the water from the said pipes g g from'said trough F when interposed between said trough and said pipes during a part, and a part only, of the revolution of the motor required to open or close a damper, and to allow all the Water that passes through the thermostat to be delivered to the trough F during the greater part of the time required for completely opening or completely closing the damper, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In a thermostatically operated damper operating device, a water motor supplied from said thermostat and consisting of a Water wheel, a system of gearing operated by said water wheel, adamper actuating device,a distributing trough F two induction pipes g g, and a pair of shields F F, one of which is adapted to deflect the water from pipe g from trough F which shields, are brought to and removed from their positions as deflectors by the revolution of the gearing actuated by said water wheel A, and which shields act as deflectors only during a portion of the time required for the complete opening or closing of the damper, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. In a thermostatically actuated damper opening and closing device, a thermostatic strip 1 provided at its upper end with a boss 2' and an arm i, both in fixed relation to said thermostatic strip I, the whole being in combination with the frame of the machine, and with an arm J at the opposite end of said thermostatic strip, whereby the length of said thermostatic strip is maintained constant whatever its position,substantially as and for the purposes described.

4:. The combination of the frame of the thermostat, the thermostatic strip 1, the boss 1 the forked arm t', the said boss and forked arm being both in fixed relation with said thermostatic strip, the pivot pin i the crosshead i within the fork of said arm 1 and the adjusting screw it 7L2 laying hold of said crosshead, and serving to adjust the angular relation of the thermostatic stripIwith the frame of the machine without changing its length, substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. The combination of the thermostatic strip 1, its boss in fixed relations thereto, its pivot 2' engaging with said boss, suitable means for adjusting the angle of said thermostatic strip with the frame of the machine, and the arm J carrying the pin j with the shaft K, the slot: ted lever is engaging the pin j, and the deflector N, said deflector and slotted lever being mounted upon said shaft K, and having fixed relations therewith, substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. The combination of the water. nozzle m the tank L, divided by the partition Z into two parts, the pipes g 9' leading from these two parts respectively, and the thermostatically governed deflector N adapted to guide the stream of water from said nozzle m into one or the other of the divisions of said tank L, according to the en vironin g temperature, substantially as and for the purposes described.

7. The combination of a water supply, a pipe leading from the water supply, a thermostaticallyactuated deflector, a tank divided into two separate chambers, two deliverypipes g g, a Water wheel, a crank D actuated thereby, a trough F and two shields F F one adapted to be interposed between said pipe g and said trough F and the other of which may be interposed between said pipe g and said trough F one when the crank is at or close to its extreme throw in one direction, and for a part only of the subsequent movement of the crank, and the other when the crank is in its extreme throw inthe other diriction, and for a part only of the subsequent movement of the crank, as and for the purposes described.

GEO. L. SHOREY. Witnesses:

THOS. WM. CLARKE, J. M. DOLAN.