US495461A

US495461A - Electric-arc light

Info

Publication number: US495461A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1893-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 1910-04-11

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

R.M.H UNTER. ELECTRIC ARC LIGHT.

3H 9 00 1 1 I E P A" a n 6 a P. L I I 2 a .L 6 A. 5. 1 0 N (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

R. M. HUNTER. ELECTRIC ARC LIGHT.

Patented Apr. 11, 1893.

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v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH M. HUNTER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE THOMSON-HOUSTON ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF CONNECTICUT.

ELECTRIC-ARC LIGHT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 495,461, dated April 11, 1893.

Application filed August 28, 1892. Serial No. 443,842. (No model.)

T at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH M. HUNTER, of the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Electric Lights, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to the construction and operation of electric lamps, and consists of certain improvements which are fully IO set forth in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings which form a part thereof.

This application, Case No. 224, h as particular reference to the construction and operation of electric lamps especially adapted for the illumination of distant obj ects,but is excellently adapted to use for stereoptican work and lighting generally.

Prior to my invention it has been custommy to construct lamps of the search light character with a focusing lamp and reflector arranged within a suitable casing having a plain glass front and mounted upon a standard through the media of a universal joint, whereby the light may, be projected in any direction desired. Such lamps are commonly employed upon ships as search lights. In their operation, the distance to which they can throw their light is limited;

0 and the light not intense enough, at any great distance, to enable the eye to discern the object upon which the light has been projected. In these lamps, the rays of light diverge as they leave the lamp so as to cover a sufficient 5 area at a given distance and at the same time to properly illuminate the object to such an extent as to render it perceptible. Furthermore, all of the rays of light which are directly projected from the arc radiate from said are as a center, and the most intense light of the lamp is thus dispersed uselessly in all directions. The only light which directly reaches the object are those rays which are projected from the are upon the centerline of the beam 5 of light and those rays which are reflected from the parabolic reflector. These are but a few of the entire rays of light emitted from the arc.

The object of my invention is to overcome 5c the existing objections to the above form of search light, and also the existing objections to focusing lamps generally as commonly employed in stereopticon and other work.

In carrying out myinvention I may employ a focusing lamp of anysuitable construction, though I prefer the general character of the lamp set out in my patent No. 478,510, and dated July 5,1892,with the improvements here inafter set outwherein a central horizontal carbon is employed in connection with a vertical carbon moving transversely to the length of the horizontal carbon. By the employment of such a lamp, the rays of light are all projected from the crater of the horizontal carbon directly toward the object but without the necessity of any reflector. In connection with this lamp I employ a condensing lens for receiving the radiating rays of lightfrom the arc and preferably bending them to a parallel or nearly parallel condition before projecting them upon the distant object, which may be a few yards or several miles distant. I have found in practice that with an are incapable of projecting its light more than a very limited distance in former lamp constructions, I can by this structure project the beam upon a very distant object, and illuminate it with such intensity that it is clearly discerned. I have also found that an object maybe illuminated in this manner with a small are at so great distance that a telescope or field glass is necessary to the observer to discern the brightly illuminated object, since the distance to which the beam of light may be projected while maintaining its intensitv is so great that the eye cannot make out the object unaided. The apparatus is so designed in its preferred form that the brilliancy of the arc is automatically maintained, and its focal point retained at a fixed position relatively to the condensing lens. The lamp and the lens structure is preferably supported upon a stand in any suitable manner with provision for universal movement whereby the beam may be projected in any direction. The beam of light is therefore concentrated, and is intense in its character, and by means of suitable mechanical devices it is caused to be rapidly moved ovcra considerable area at the distant end, so that it traverses the entire length and height of the object to be illuminated, and thereby permits the entire object to be observed. My objects are particularly to throw an intensified light upon an object near at hand, to illuminate objects at very great distances, and to produce a steady intense and-uniform projected light particularly adapted to stereoptican work. The vibration of the beam of light is preferably produced by vibrating the condensing or focusing lens, and this may be performed by means of an electric motor suitably arranged upon the lamp as hereinafter set forth. The feeding of the carbons may also be made automatic and be controlledbythe operation of an electric motor, which is itself controlled by the resistance of the arc of the lamp.

The details of construction are fullyset out hereinafter, and may be greatly varied while carrying out the general features of the invention.

In the drawings:-Figure l is a side elevation of an electric lamp (with the casingindi cated in dotted lineslembodying myinvention. Fig. 2. is a plain view of the upper part of the lamp with the feeding mechanism for the vertical carbon and the journals broken away and with the condensing lens indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of the lamp showing the feeding mechanism for the carbons. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the. regulator for maintaining a uniform are. Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a modified arrangement of the circuits for controlling the feeding of the carbons. Fig. 6 is a front elevation-of the frame for holding the condensing lens; and Fig. 7 is a plan view of the cam wheel for producing the lateral vibrations of the condensing lens. I

A is the main frame of the lamp, and is pivoted to a support It upon horizontal trunnions in the usual way. The support R is secured to a vertical stem rjournaled upon a vertical axis in the standard R. The stem r is provided with two collector rings R electrically connected with the terminals of the lamp. Suitable brushes leading from the source of supply deliver the current to the rings R as indicated at the bottom of Sheet 1.

Secured to the main frame A are two rods B forming guides. Fitted to these guides with provision for longitudinal movement thereon is a frame 0. forming part of the lamps. This frame 0 is moved upon the said guides by means of a shaft K havinga screw thread 7:; Workingin an aperture in the main frame A. By turning the shaft K in one direction or the other the frame 0 may be moved to the right or to the left. (Fig. 1.)

D is a frame supported upon the frame 0 in suitable transverse guides very similar to a slight rest, and is made laterally adjustable by the hand operated screw d. The frames D O Virtually form the entire lamp frame. This provision for lateral adj ustment of frame D permits slight lateral adjustment to the carbon holders so as to bring the arc transversely into the focal point of the condensing lens. The frame D supports two solenoidsF F, a section through one of which is indicated in Fig. 4. Working within these solenoids are hollow cores E which are secured to a carbon holder E and move as a unit. A spring 0 fits within the solenoids and the hollow core and may be adjusted as to its tension by means of a screw 0. By this construction a long spring is permitted to be used with a comparatively short solenoid and a more uniform and extended action is obtained upon the core and carbon holder.

The carbon holder E may be supported by means of two guides e. The carbon holder is insulated from the frame D and its guides e, and carries the horizontal carbon e which projects longitudinally or in the direction of the axis of the beam of light. The positive carbon 6 receives current from the .source of electric energy T by circuits t, which in cludes the solenoid F, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 5.

The frame D is provided with an oblique guide frame Dand an oblique guide D upon which is guided a carriage G, said carriage being provided with a carbon holder H in which a carbon his held at substantially right angles to the carbon e.

A screw threaded shaft I carried by the frame D is employed to move the carriage obliquely up and down its guides D D The lower or rear end of the screw threaded shaft I is loosely fitted to a shaft 1' which latter is connected with the shaft K by bevel gearing. The lower end of the shaft '5 is supported in bearings rigidly connected with the outer bearings of the shaft K so. as to hold the gearing in proper relative positions. The loose connection between the parts I andt' enables the slight lateral adjustment of the frame D upon the frame 0 without interfering with the proper operation of the feeding screw I.

The shaft K may be operated by an insulated hand wheel K where the apparatus is to be hand operated, or by means of an electric motor where the apparatus is to'be automatic in its action. The motor construction is clearly indicated in Fig. 3, and will be now described. The ordinary regulation for maintaining the size of the are between the carbons h eis performed by the solenoid Fand spring 0, but as the carbons burn away it is necessary to revolve the shafts I and K to properly feed the carbons h downward toward the carbon e, and to feed the carbon holder of the horizontal carbon and the lamp frame forward so as to maintain the arc at the focal point of the condensing lens. The construction is such that the feeding screw K moves the frame D toward the condensing lens M at eXactlythe same speed as the carbon h is moved backward with respect to said frame. This feeding of the frame and negative carbon may be performed by the hand wheel K or by any automatic devices, such for instance as the apparatus indicated in either Figs. 3 or 5.

Referring to Fig. 3 Ihave the carbon holder E of the horizontal carbon 6 provided with an insulated contact working in connection with a stationary contact on the frame 0 to form a circuit closing switch T. \Vhen the carbon E is consumed to such an extent that its holder E is moved to the greatest extent toward the vertical carbon hin its endeavor to maintain the arc, the circuit will be closed through the switch T, and a current from the battery or any suitable source of electric energy of small current T will traverse the circuit and operate the electric circuit closers T W hen these circuits close, a current will flow over the circuit U leading from the source of electric energy T and operate the electric motor S carried upon the frame 0. This electric motor S, by suitable gearing of any description .9, for instance, operates the shaft 2', and this in turn rotates the shafts I and K. Any other suitable automatic method of operating these shafts may be resorted to if desired, as I do not limit myself to any particular apparatus for this purpose. I have preferred in practice to use an electric motor as being positive and quick in action. By employing a source of power of small current t contact T may be employed without becoming fused and a powerful switch I for the motor may be operated by the current in the circuit t. This will prevent any interference with the proper operation of the carbon holder E and its cores E. If desired the switch T may be operated directly upon the circuit U as indicated in Fig. 5, but this is undesirable in view of the possibility of excessive sparking. A resistance changer S may be employed in the circuit U or in any other suitable manner in connection with the motor S to control its speed. Furthermore this resistance changer is provided with a movable part which when fully thrown back opens the circuit U and may arrest the rotation of the motor, permitting the lamp to be hand regulated in all conditions. By making the carbon holder for an extended or lengthy movement it will compensate itself for all irregularities in the composition of the carbons, and prevent the possibility of the upper carbon it being thrown down over the crater of the horizontal carbon, which if it occurred would interfere materially with the proper projection of the light upon the condensing lens or from the lamp.

The frame A is provided with uprights L, clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6, to which is secured by means of suitable spring bolts U and the condensing lens the casing M. The condensing lens Mis secured to an adjustable tube m working within the case M and adjustable to and from the are by means of the rack and pinion mechanism in. By this means the condensing lens may be adjustable properly with respect to the are which is to cause the rays of light passing through it to be made to converge, be projected parallel, be made to cross, or be made to simply diverge as the case may be.

For lighting up near objects, or where a large area is to be illuminated, it is advisable either to make the rays of light diverge or cross after leaving the condensing lens, whereas in other cases it is advisable to cause the rays to be projected substantially parallel or to somewhat converge. All of this adjustment may be made by the rack and pinion mechanism.

0 is an electric motor carried upon the rods B and is provided with eccentrics e upon the ends of its shafts which operate vertical bars L also pivoted to the free end of the casing M of the condenser lens. The rotation of the armature shaft causes the casing and the lens to be vibrated vertically upon the spring support so as to vibrate the beam of light vertically with rapidity. The shaft of the motor is geared to a spur wheel P (Fig. 1), which spur wheel carries a cam P of suitable con struction. The cam P operates upon one end of the pivot arm 1) journaled upon the frame supporting the motor and connected at its free end with the casing M so as to impart thereto a lateral vibration. The springs N return the condensing lens casing to its normal position whenever permitted to do so by the cam P and the eccentrics e. If desired, any other suitable device may be added to more positively insure its action.

The mere details of construction of the mechanism for imparting the vibration of the condensing lens is immaterial, as numerous devices may be employed to accomplish the same purpose without departing from the principles of the essential features of the invention.

The constructions of vibrating devices are clearly illustrated in pending applications of mine, Serial No. 401,388 of August 1, 1891, and Serial No. 405,842 of September 16, 1891, each of which might be employed in the construction of the lamp shown in place of the vibrating mechanism which I have above described.

The construction for vibrating the lens and reflector in the application Serial No. 401,388 is somewhat similar to the one herein described but is devised for varying the extent of the vibrations.

In the construction of my application, Serial No. 405,841, I employ two motors preferably running at different speeds, one having an eccentric device for producing vertical vibration and the other having an eccentric device for producing lateral vibration. The motor 0 is preferably in parallel with the motor S and the are may be operated by current passing through a motor circuit 0 and controlled by a resistance changer or rheostat O, the movable part of which may be so arranged as to cut the motor out of action when desired. If the rheostat is operated to break circuit 0, then the condensing lens 1 remains stationary and the light may be employed for one use constantly whereby the beam of light is permitted to cover a large area. Whenever distant objects are to be discerned, and

the area is not large the condensation may be so adjusted as to concentrate the rays of light upon the object to give an intense illumina tion to asmall area. If itis desired to illumi: nate a large area, the rheostat 0' may be operated to put the motor 0 into action and pro-v duce the desired vibration of the beam of light being vibrated. The vibration of the condensing lens might be performed by hand if desired, by simply rotating the shaft as in the motor shaft or by rotating the shaft of the spur wheel P in any well known manner. I prefer, however, to employ an electrical device for this purpose. A rheostat S shown in Fig. 5 maybe employed in the circuit shown in Fig. 3 as the difference between the circuits is only to avoid interference with the movement of the carbon holder E and does not affect the similarity of operation of the motor S.- When employing the condenser lens M a reflector is absolutely useless except so far as a semi-spherical reflector may be used to return anyof the rays of light backward upon the arc to cause them to be projected forward. Such a reflector is indicated at M in Fig. 1. It is asemi-spherical reflector having its focal point at the arc. It is quite evident from this that whatever rays of light pass backward they will be reflected back upon the same lines and be caused either to produce a more intense are, or to pass through the arc and reach the condenser lens to make the beam the two carried with the frame A so as to prevent drafts of air upon the arc, keep out the dust and dirt, and protect the operator from the glare of the light. Such a casing is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. It is pref erable that the condenser case M shall be hinged flexibly, substantially in a transverse plane through or near the arc, as in that case the vibration of the lens would be virtually about the are as a center, and the focal point would not be materially shifted with respect to the lens. The lens may be of large diameter with advantage. It may also be of any suitable construction such as is used in stereopticon magic lanterns, and other construe: tions found on the market.

' I have found that my improved lamp is especially well adapted to stereopticon work where intense and uniform light is required over an extended area to hold the object to be projected upon the screen and in which the picture should be uniform in sharpness and clearly defined throughout the entire illuminatingsurface. Bymyimprovedconstruction the lamp and the are are always maintained at a fixed place, and under no circumstances can the arc revolve about the carbons as results in those focusing lamps employing vertical or substantially vertical carbons. The various adjustments of the lamp relative to the condensing lens enable it to be particularly well adapted to this class of work.

While in describing my apparatus I have spoken of horizontal carbons e andvertical carbons h it is to be understood that the carbon 71 might be at any angle in a plane through the length of the carbon 6. The carbon 6 will shift with all adjustments of the lamp upon its horizontal trunnions and vertical axis. I have therefore used the words horizontal and vertical simply in describing the particular illustrations shown in the drawings, and to give a more clear understanding of the relative parts.

I do not confine myself to mere details of construction of any of the parts as it is quite evident that they may be more or less greatly modified without departing from the principles of the invention.

In this application I do not claim the methodof concentrating the beam of light upon the object to be illuminated, and then vibrating it over the said object, as that forms subject matter of my application Serial No.

401,388 filed August 1, 1891.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an electric lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light,a semi-spherical reflector arranged in the rear of the arc and having its focal point coincident with the focal point of the condensing lens, a support for the carbon holders arranged outside of the space between the condensing lens and reflector, and means to adjust the condensing lens to and from the arc.

2. In an electric lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, a fixed support therefor, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, a semi-spherical reflector arranged in the rear of the arc and having its focal point coincident with the focal point of the condensing lens, means to adjust the condensing lens to or from the arc, and power mechanism for vibrating the condensing lens independently of the carbons and their holders.

3. In an electric lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, a fixed support therefor, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, a semi-spherical reflector arranged in the rear of the arc and having its focal point coincident with the focal point of the condensing lens, means to adjust the condensing lens to or from the arc, and power mechanism for vibrating vertically and laterally the condensing lens independently of the carbons and their holders.

4. In an electric lamp, the combination of positive and negative carbon holders, a fixed support therefor, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, a semi-spherical reflector arranged in the rear of the arc and having its focal point coincident with the focal point of the condensing lens, means to adjust the condensing lens to or from the arc, and power mechanism for vibrating vertically and laterally the condensing lens independently of the carbons with their holders and in which the vertical vibrations are more rapid than the lateral vibrations.

5. The combination of a focusing electric lamp, combined with a movable condensing lens holder, a plano-convex condensing lens having the fiat surface arranged toward the arc of the lamp, and means to vibrate the said plano-convex condensing lens and its casing independently of the are of the lamp.

6. The combination of a focusing electric lamp, combined with a movable condensing lens holder, a plano-convex condensing lens having the fiat surface arranged toward the arc of the lamp, means to vibrate the said plano-convex condensing lens and its casing independently of the arc of the lamp, and means to adjust the position of the condensing lens relatively to the are.

7. In an electric lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon holder having a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a second carbon holder adapted to move transversely to the first mentioned carbon holder, feeding devices to feed the second carbon holder, and electric circuits including the two carbon holders their carbons and the solenoid whereby the arc may be properly maintained between the carbons.

8. In an electric lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon holder having a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder,a second carbon holder adapted to move transversely to the first mentioned carbon holder, feeding devices to feed the second carbon holder, electric circuits including the two carbon holders their carbons and the solenoid whereby the arc may be properly maintained between the carbons, and a condensing lens supported in the path of the projected light from the are.

9. In an electric lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon holder having a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a second carbon holder adapted to move transversely to the first mentioned carbon holder, feeding devices to feed the second carbon holder, electric circuits including the two carbon holders their carbons and the solenoid whereby the arc may be properly maintained between the carbons, a condensing lens supported in the path of the projected light from the arc, and means to adjust the condensing lens to or from the arc of the carbons held by the carbon holders.

10. In an electric lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon holder having a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a second carbon holder adapted to move transversely to the first mentioned carbon holder, feeding devices to feed the second carbon holder, electric circuits including the two carbon holders their carbons and the solenoid whereby the arc may be properly maintained between the carbons, a condensing lens supported in the path of the pro ected light from the are, means to adjust the condensing lens to or from the arc of the carbons held by the carbon holders, and means to V1- lorate the condensing lens substantially about the are as a center.

11. In an electric lamp, the combination of a frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, and feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides.

12. In an electric lamp, the combination of a frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holderupon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, and automatic devices controlled by the are for operating the feeding devices to bring the carbon holders nearer together.

13. In an electric lamp, the combination of a frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon a horizontal guide and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the obliq ue guides, feeding device for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a spring to oppose the action of the solenoid, and an electric circuit including the solenoid and the carbon holder therefor.

14. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holderguided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides,aspring to oppose the action of the solenoid, an adjusting device for varying the tension of the spring, and an electric circuit including the solenoid and the carbon holder therefor.

15. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby 1n the path of the projected rays of light, and means to feed the lamp frame having the guides for the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the arc at the focal point thereof.

16. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides,a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides -to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby 1n the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the guide for the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point'thereof, and means to vibrate the condensing lens independent of the carbon holders.

17. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal. guides and provided with acore, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, at carbon holder for the obliqueguides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby 1n the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the frame having the guides for the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, and feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the main frame is moved forward upon the main frame at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward.

18. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon a horizontalguide and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby in the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, connecting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides and feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, and automatic power devices for operating the feeding devices of the carbon holders to bring the carbon holders relatively toward each other whenever the arc becomes too great.

19. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby in the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, connecting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides and the feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, and automatic power devices for operating the feeding de vices of the carbon holders to bring the carbon holders toward each other whenever the arc becomes too great consisting of an electric motor, a circuit for supplying current thereto, and switch mechanism for controlling the said circuit operated by the movements of the horizontal carbon holder.

20. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique, guides, carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby in the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the carbon holders toward the condensinglens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, connecting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides and feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, automatic power devices for operating the feeding devices of the carbon holders to bring the carbon holders toward each other Whenever the arc becomes too great consisting of an electric motor a circuit for supplying current thereto and switch mechanism for controlling the said circuit operated by the movements of the horizontal carbon holder, said mechanism consisting of an electric switch for the motor circuit, a source of small electric power, a circuit including the source of small power, and a circuit closer directly operated by the carbon holder.

21. In an electric lamp, the combination of IIO a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, acarbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solen- 01d acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for movingthe carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, con necting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, and means to vibrate the condensing lens.

22. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder for the oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby in the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, connecting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides and feeding mechanism for the lamp frame, whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, and means to vibrate the condensing lens both vertically and horizontally.

23. In an electric lamp, the combination of a lamp frame having horizontal and oblique guides, a carbon holder guided upon horizontal guides and provided with a core, a solenoid acting upon said core to move the carbon holder, a carbon holder forthe oblique guides, feeding devices for moving the carbon holder upon the oblique guides to or from the carbon holder upon the horizontal guides, a main frame, a condensing lens supported thereby in the path of the projected rays of light, means to feed the lamp frame having the carbon holders toward the condensing lens to maintain the are at the focal point thereof, connecting devices between the mechanism for feeding the carbon holder for the oblique guides, and feeding mechanism for the lamp frame whereby the lamp frame is moved forward at substantially the same rate of speed as the carbon holder of the oblique guides is moved backward, and adjusting devices for adjusting the carbon holders transversely with respect to the condensing lens and independently of their movement to or from said lens.

24. In an arc lamp, the combination of a frame, a solenoid secured to said frame, a core arranged horizontally and guided in said solenoid, a carbon holder for a horizontal carbon secured to said core, oblique guides carried by the frame, a movable carriage having a carbon holder for the carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, means to feed the carriage obliquely with respect to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, and an electric circuit including the solenoid and the two carbons and their holders.

2-5. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a solenoid secured to said lamp frame, a core arranged horizontally and guided in said solenoid, a carbon holder for a horizontal carbon secured to said core, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage having a carbon holder for the carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, means to feed the carriage obliquely with respect to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, an electric circuit including the solenoid and the two carbons and their holders, a main frame, means to feed the carbon holding lamp frame longitudinally upon the main frame, and a condensing lens supported by the said main frame.

26. In an are light, the combination of a lamp frame, a solenoid secured'to said lamp frame, a core arranged horizontally and guided in said solenoid, a carbon holder for the horizontal carbon secured to said core, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage having a carbon holder for the carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, and movable obliquely with respect to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, an electric circuit including the solenoid and the two carbons and their holders, a main frame, a condensing lens supported by the said main frame, and means to simultaneously feed the carriage on the oblique guide backward and the lamp frame of the carbon holders forward so as to maintain the are at afixed distance from the condensing lens.

27. In an are light, the combination of a lamp frame, a solenoid secured to said lamp frame, a core arranged horizontally and guided in said solen0id,a carbon holder for a horizontal carbon secured to said core, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage having a carbon holder for the carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and movable obliquely with respect to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, an electric circuit including the solenoid and the two carbons and their holders, a main frame, means to feed the carbon holding lamp frame longitudinally upon the supporting frame, a condensing lens supported by the said main frame, and an electric power device controlled by the arc to simultaneously feed the carriage on the oblique guide backward and the lamp frame of the carbon holders forward so as to maintain the are at a fixed distance from the condensing lens.

28. The combination of the horizontal carbon holder E having a hollow core E, a stationary solenoid F, a coil spring 0 arranged means to support a second carbon at an angle to the carbon supported in the horizontal holder E, an electric circuit including the solenold and the two carbons, and means to feed the last mentioned or second carbon support obllquely with. respect to the horizontal carbon holder.

30. In an arc lamp, the combination of a frame, a holder for one of the carbons carried by the said frame, a carriage or movable part movable at an oblique angle to both carbons, a holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to support the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, devices for feeding the carriage at an oblique angle to-the first mentioned carbon and its holder, and an electrlc regulator for moving the carbon holder carried by the frame and supporting the first mentloned carbon for the purpose of moving the said carbon to or from the other carbon to regulate the are.

31. In an arc lamp,-the combination ofa frame, a holder for one of the carbons suppOrted by said frame, a carriage or movable part,a holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to hold the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, feeding devices consisting of a screw for feeding the carriage or movable part at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, and an electric regulator for moving the carbon holder sup! ported by the frame for the purpose of moving the carbon thereof to or from the'carbon of the holder carried by the carriage or movable part to regulate the are.

32. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame supported upon the main frame, a holder for one of the carbons carried by said lamp frame, a carriage or movable part, a holder for the other carbon carried by said carriage or movable part but adapted to hold the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, feeding devices for feeding the carriage or movable part at an. angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, a stationary reflector, and means to move the lamp frame so as to maintain the are in the focal point of the reflector.

33. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a holder for one of the carbons carried by said lamp frame, a carriage or movable part, a holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to hold the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, feedin g devices for feeding the carriage at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, means to control the feeding devices, and an automatic electric regulator carried by the lamp frame for moving the first mentioned carbon holder carried by the lamp frame for moving the carbon thereof to or from the other carbon to regulate the arc.

34. In an arc lamp, the combination of the two carbons arranged at an angle to each other, a substantially stationary support for one of the carbons, a movable support for the other of said'carbons movable at an angle to the stationary carbon, guides for guiding said movable support at an angle to the stationary carbon, feeding mechanism to feed the obliquely movable carbon support obliquely with respect to the length of the other carbon to compensate for the combined consumption of both carbons, and an automatic electric regulator to move the first mentioned carbon to maintain the arc.

35. In an arc lamp, the combination of the two carbons arranged at an angle to each other, a substantially stationary support for one of the carbons, a movable support for the other of said carbons movable at an angle to the stationary carbon, guides for guiding said movable support at an angle to the stationary carbon, feeding mechanism to feed the obliquely movable carbon support obliquely with respect to the length of the other carbon to compensate for the combined consumption of both carbons, a condenser lens through which the rays of light are projected, and means to maintain the lens at a predetermined fixed distance from the are formed between the carbons.

36. In an arc lamp, the combination of the two carbons arranged at an angle to each other, a substantially stationary support for one of the carbons, a movable support for the other of said carbons movable at an angle to the stationary carbon, guides for guiding said movable support at an angle to the stationary carbon, feeding mechanism to feed the obliquely movable carbon support obliquely with respect to the length of the other carbon to compensate for the combined consumption of both carbons, a condenser lens through which the rays of light are projected, and means to maintain the lens at a predetermined fixed distance from the are formed between the carbons consisting of a feeding screw for moving the carbon support bodily forward at the same rate of speed with the movable carbon as its support moves rearward.

37. In an arc lamp, the combination of two carbons arranged at an angle to each other, feeding mechanism to feed one of the carbons obliquely with respect to the length of the other to compensate for the combined consumption of both carbons, a stationary reflector encircling one of the carbons, and means to feed the carbons with respect to the stationary reflector whereby the focal point of the reflector is maintained at apoint coincident with the focus of the reflector during the consumption of the carbons.

38. In an arc lamp, the combination of a carbon, a holder for said carbon, a second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and adapted to maintain an arc between the extreme ends of the carbon, means to move the last mentioned carbon bodily in the direction of the length of the first mentioned carbon with a speed commensurate with the speed of consumption of the said carbons, and an electric regulator to move the first mentioned carbon to regulate the are.

39. In an arc lamp, the combination of a carbon, a holder for said carbon, a second carbon adapted to maintain an arc between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to move the last mentioned carbon bodily in the direction of the length of the first mentioned carbon and also feed it transversely to the length thereof, and an electric regulator to move the first mentioned carbon to regulate the arc.

40. In an electric lamp, the combination of two carbons arranged at an angle to each other so as to maintain an are between their extreme ends, a holder for each of the carbons, feeding mechanism to move one of the holders in the direction of the length of the carbon of the other holder while maintaining the arc, and an electric regulator to move the other carbon and its holder to cause said carbons to have a relative movement independent of the feeding movement to regulate the extent of the are automatically.

41. In an electric lamp, the combination of two carbons arranged at an angle to each other so as to maintain an arc between their extreme ends, a holder for each of the carbons, feeding mechanism to move one of the holders in the direction of the length of the carbon of the other holder while maintaining the arc, an electric regulator to move the other carbon and its holder to cause said carbons to have arelative movement independent of the feeding movement to regulate the extent of the are automatically, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected light, and means to maintain the said condenser lens at a fixed distance from the arc.

42. In an electric lamp, the combination of two carbons arranged at an angle to each other so as to maintain an are between their extreme ends, a holder for each of the carbons, feeding mechanism to move one of the holders in the direction of the length of the carbon of the other holder while maintaining the arc, an electric regulator to move the other carbon and its holder to cause said carbons to have a relative movement independent of the feeding movement to regulate the extent of the are automatically, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected light, means to maintain the said condenser lens at a fixed distance from the arc, and power mechanism for vibrating the condenser lens.

43. In an arc lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon, a holder for said carbon, at second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon adapted to maintain an are between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to relatively adjust the carbons to compensate for consumption, and a condenser lens arranged in the pathof the projected rays of light having its axis of curvature in line with the horizontal carbon.

44:. In an arc lamp, the combination of a carbon,a holder for said carbon, a second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and adapted to maintain an are between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to relativelyadj ust the carbons to compensate for consumption, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, and means to vibrate the condenser lens.

45. In an arc lamp, the combination of a carbon, a holder for said carbon, a second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and adapted to maintain an are between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to relatively adjust the carbons to compensate for consumption, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, and means to cause a relative movement between the carbon holders and condenser lens whereby the condenser lens is maintained at a relatively constant distance from the are.

46. In an arc lamp, the combination of a carbon, a holder for said carbon, a second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and adapted to maintain an arc between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to relatively adjust the carbons to compensate for consumption, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, means to cause a relative movement between the carbon holders and condenser lens whereby the condenser lens is maintained ata relatively constant distance from the arc, and means to adjust the distance of the condenser lens from the are.

47. In an arc lamp, the combination of a horizontal carbon, a holder for said carbon, a second carbon arranged at an angle to the first mentioned carbon and adapted to maintain an arc between the extreme ends of the carbons, means to relatively adjust the carbons to compensate for consumption, a condenser lens arranged in the path of the projected rays of light, having its axis of curvature in line with the horizontal carbon and means to adjust the condenser lens to or from the arc.

48. In an arc lamp, the combination of a main frame, a lamp frame supported and adjustable thereon, a holder for one of the carbons carried by the lamp frame and having a relatively fixed position, a carriage or movable part mounted to move at an angle to said relatively fixed carbon, a holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to hold the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, a feeding device for feeding the carriage or movable part at an oblique angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, and a feeding device for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame.

49. In an arc lamp, the combination of a main frame, a lamp frame supported and adj ustable thereon, a holder for one of the carbons carried by thelamp frame and having a relatively fixed position, a carriage or movable part mounted at an angle to said relatively fixed carbon, holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to hold the last mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, a feeding device for feeding the carriage or movable part at an oblique angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, a feeding device for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame, and connecting mechanism whereby the corresponding operation of both feeding devices is simultaneously made.

50. In an arc lamp, the combination of a main frame, a lamp frame supported and adjustable thereon, a holder for one of the carbons carried by the lamp frame and having a relatively fixed position, a carriage or movable part mounted to move at an angle to said relatively fixed carbon, a holder for the other carbon carried by the carriage or movable part and adapted to hold thelast mentioned carbon at an angle to the first mentioned carbon, feeding devices for feeding the carriage or movable part at an oblique angle to the first mentioned carbon and its holder, feeding devices for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame, connecting mechanism whereby the corresponding operation of both feeding devices is simultaneously made but in opposite directions, and a condensing lens arranged in the path of the projected rays.

51. In an electric lamp, the combination of the frame D having the oblique guides D and D a horizontal carbon holder E having thecore E, a solenoid F carried by the frame D, a carriage G having a carbon holder H adapted to work in the oblique guides, and an oblique feeding screw I for feeding the carriage G obliquely.

52. In an electric lamp, the combination of the frame D having the obliqueguides D and D a horizontal carbon holder E having the core E, a solenoid F carried by the frame D, a carriage G having a carbon holder H adapted to work in the oblique guides, an oblique feeding screw I for feeding the carriage G obliquely, a support for the frame D, and means to adjust the said frame laterally upon its support.

53. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a horizontal holder for one of the carbons, an electric regulator to move the said holder to regulate the arc, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage carried by the oblique guides and carrying a carbon holder for the other carbon, an oblique screw for feeding the carriage upon the oblique guides, a main frame over which the lamp frame travels, a feeding screw for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame in an opposite direction to the travel of carriage upon the lamp frame, and connecting gearing between the screws whereby the operation of one simultaneously operates the other.

54. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a horizontal holder for one of the carbons, an electric regulatorto move the said holder to regulate the arc, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage carried by the oblique guides and carrying a carbon holder for the other carbon, an oblique screw for feeding the carriage upon the oblique guides, a main frame over which the lamp frame travels, a feeding screw for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame in an opposite direction to the travel of carriage upon the lamp frame, connecting gearing between the screws whereby the operation of one simultaneously operates the other, and a condenser lens having its focal point arranged in the line of the horizontal carbon.

55. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a horizontal holder for one of the carbons, an electric regulator to move the said holder to regulate the arc, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage carried by the oblique guides and carryinga carbon holder for the other carbon, an oblique screw for feeding the carriage upon the oblique guides, a main frame over which the lamp frame travels, afeeding screw for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame in an opposite direction to the travel of carriage upon the lamp frame, connecting gearing be tween the screws whereby the operation of ITO one simultaneously operates the other, a condenser lens having its focal point arranged in the line of the horizontal carbon, and means to vibrate the said condensing lens.

56. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a horizontal holder for one of the carbons, an electric regulator to move the said holder to regulate the arc, oblique guides car- I ried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage carried by the oblique guides and carrying a carbon holder for the other carbon, an oblique screw for feeding the carriage upon the oblique guides, a main frame over which the lamp frame travels, a feeding screw for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame in an opposite direction to the travel of the carriage upon the lamp frame, connecting gearin g between the screws whereby the operation of one simultaneously operates the other, and an automatic regulator for automatically operating the feeding screws to bring the carbons closer together to compensate for the consumption thereof.

57. In an arc lamp, the combination of a lamp frame, a horizontal holder for one of the carbons, an electric regulator to move said holder to regulate the arc, oblique guides carried by the lamp frame, a movable carriage carried by the oblique guides and carrying a carbon holder for the other carbon, an oblique screw for feeding the carriage upon the oblique guides, a main frame over which the lamp frame travels, a feeding screw for feeding the lamp frame upon the main frame in an opposite direction to the travel of the carriage upon the lamp frame, connecting gearing between the screws whereby the operation of one simultaneously operates the other, an automatic regulator for automatically operating the feeding screws to bring the carbons closer together to compensate for the consumption thereof, and automatic regulating devices to control the said feeding mechanism operated by the movement of the horizontal carbon holder.

58. In an electric lighting apparatus, the combination of an electric lamp, a main frame therefor, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the rays of light, a frame supporting the said condensing lens secured to the main frame by means of springs disposed in atransverse plane, and mechanical means to vibrate the condenser lens and its frame upon the main frame of the lamp.

59. In an electric light, the combination of an electric lamp, amain frame therefor, a condensing lens arranged in the path of the rays of light,aframe supporting the said condensing lens secured to the main frame by means of springs disposed in a transverse plane, mechanical means to vibrate the condenser lens and its frame upon the main frame of the lamp, and independent means for adjusting the lens in its supporting frame.

60. In an electric lighting apparatus, the combination of an arc lamp, a condensinglens, means for collecting substantially all of the rays of light and concentrating them at one point and from said point projecting them upon the condensing lens whereby they are projected wholly in one direction, and means for vibrating said condenser lens for the purpose of vibrating the beam of light.

61. In an electric lighting apparatus, the combination of an arc lamp, means for concentrating and deflecting the rays of light in one direction consisting of a lens structure of transparent material, and mechanical devices for causing the concentrated beam of light to be vibrated.

62. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condensing lens loosely supported in front of the lamp and in the path of the beam of light therefrom, and mechanical devices for vibrating the said condensing lens.

63. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condensing lens loosely supported in front of the lamp and in the path of the beam of light therefrom, mechanical devices for vibrating the said condensing lens, and a movable support for the lamp and condensing lens, whereby the beam of light may be projected in all directions.

64:. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condenser lens for projecting the beam of light in one direction, a support for the condenser lens, an electric motor, and means connecting with the electric motor for vibrating the condenser lens support both vertically and laterally.

65. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condenser lens for projecting the beam of light in one direction, a support for the condenser lens, an electric motor, and means connecting with the electric motor for vibrating the condenser lens support both vertically and laterally but in which the vertical vibrations have greater rapidity than the lateral.

66. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condenser lens for concentrating the rays of light and projecting them in one direction, an electric motor for vibrating the condensing lens, and a suitable regulator for controlling the operation of the electric motor.

67. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, a condenser lens for concentrating the rays of light and projecting them in one direction, an electric motor for vibrating the condensing lens, a suitable regulator for controlling the operation of the electric motor, a source of electric energy, and connecting circuits between the arc lamp and electric motor whereby they are operated in parallel.

68. In an electric light, the combination of an arc lamp, an adjustable condensing lens for concentrating the rays of light into abeam and projecting them in one direction, and mechanical devices for vibrating the said condensing lens for the purpose of vibrating the beam of light.

In testimony of which invention I have hereunto set my hand.

R. M. HUNTER.

Witnesses:

ERNEST HOWARD HUNTER, S. T. YERKES.