US4869910A - Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials - Google Patents

Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US4869910A
US4869910A US07/185,090 US18509088A US4869910A US 4869910 A US4869910 A US 4869910A US 18509088 A US18509088 A US 18509088A US 4869910 A US4869910 A US 4869910A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
plenum
oil seed
gas
staves
accordance
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/185,090
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English (en)
Inventor
Joe C. Givens
William L. Stevenson
Darcy Moses
William L. Kratochwill
George E. Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CPM Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Crown Iron Works Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Crown Iron Works Co filed Critical Crown Iron Works Co
Priority to US07/185,090 priority Critical patent/US4869910A/en
Assigned to CROWN IRON WORKS COMPANY reassignment CROWN IRON WORKS COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ANDERSON, GEORGE E., GIVENS, JOE C., KRATOCHWILL, WILLIAM L., MOSES, DARCY, STEVENSON, WILLIAM L.
Priority to CN89102606A priority patent/CN1041268A/zh
Priority to EP89401148A priority patent/EP0338940B1/de
Priority to CA000597486A priority patent/CA1285192C/en
Priority to ES89401148T priority patent/ES2076223T3/es
Priority to DE68923214T priority patent/DE68923214T2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4869910A publication Critical patent/US4869910A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
    • B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B02B3/12—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming by means of fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention deals broadly with the field of treating and conditioning materials such as oil seeds. Such products are typically processed to separate the meats, or center portion, from the hulls, or encasing portions.
  • the present invention more narrowly, deals with conditioning oil seeds, such as soybeans, for such processing.
  • the preferred embodiment of the method deals with the application of heat to such materials to loosen and crisp the hulls.
  • the processing of various oil seeds typically, involves the separation of the hull, or outer encasement, from the meat so that the meat can be further utilized.
  • the meat in the case of soybeans, it is generally desirable to separate the meat from the hulls prior to recovering oil from the meat.
  • Another proposed solution is intended to improve the quality of oil recovered when conditioning and dehulling is accomplished in accordance with the process.
  • the proposed solution produces meal of lower quality than would be desired due to the excessive moisture, temperature, and time used. Further, this solution uses more energy and requires more costly equipment.
  • the present invention is a method for conditioning oil seeds such as soybeans.
  • Such products in their natural state, include a meat portion encased by a hull.
  • the present method invention functions to condition oil seeds so that the hulls can be removed to render the meat portions available for subsequent processing.
  • the raw oil seed is passed through a closed plenum for movement in a first direction.
  • a gas flow is induced through the plenum in a direction generally along the axis along which the raw oil seed generally moves.
  • the rate of speed at which the oil seed passes through the plenum is controlled, and the duration of time over which the oil seed is exposed to the gas flow is, thereby, also controlled.
  • One way in which the method is practiced envisions causing the gas flow to pass through the closed plenum substantially in the opposite direction of that in which the raw oil seed moves. A counter-current flow is, thereby, established. The gas flow, if counter-current, can retard the rate of speed at which the oil seed passes through the plenum. It follows, therefore, that, by controlling the rate of gas flow, the period of time during which the oil seed is exposed to the gas flow can be regulated.
  • the process would be practiced to effect conditioning of the oil seed, to establish proper temperature and moisture for flaking, and to effect a separation of the hulls from the meats.
  • the gas employed for such a purpose would be a mixture of air and steam in any proportion. It has been found that a gas temperature of between 215° F. and 420° F. is suitable for this purpose.
  • Further loosening of the hulls can be accomplished by providing a multiplicity of staves extending across the plenum. As the oil seed passes through the plenum, at a rate controlled in part by the flow rate of the gas, the oil seed strikes and bounces off the staves and passes downwardly, typically, under the influence of gravity. The impact against the staves also serves to increase the time necessary for particles to pass through the plenum, thereby increasing the time for the conditioning process to occur.
  • staves also serves to promote uniform distribution of the granular solid particles across the flow area as they traverse the column length and uniform distribution of the gas in contact with the particles.
  • the staves therefore, act to promote efficient contact of the particles with the gas, adding to the efficiency of the process and uniformity of the product.
  • Other means of obtaining sufficient time and adequate distribution to promote proper conditioning such as a column with increased length or an arrangement of baffles, can be used.
  • the use of staves is only a preferred embodiment.
  • the preferred manner of practicing the invention envisions that, prior to introducing the oil seed into the plenum, it is processed to reduce the size of particles thereof. It has been found that the conditioning in order to loosen and crisp the hulls can be more effectively accomplished when this size reducing process is employed. A roller mill or cracking mill can be employed to accomplish this particle reduction.
  • the preferred manner of practicing the process envisions the performance of a step wherein the partially conditioned oil seed leaving the first plenum would be subjected to further physical treatment, as by impacting the seeds against a surface, to effect additional loosening of hulls. After this step is performed, the oil seed particles may be introduced into a second plenum which is constructed similarly to the first plenum. Dehulling is effectively accomplished by practicing such a process.
  • gas flow counter-current to the direction of flow of the oil seeds through the plenum the gas can carry off hull particles in one direction through the plenum. Typically, this would be upwardly within the plenum. Concurrently, the meats would pass downwardly under the influence of gravity, for recovery at the bottom of the plenum. Such separation can be effected in both plenums.
  • the present invention is thus, an improved method for conditioning oil seeds, such as soybeans, prior to subsequent processing.
  • the method is improved in numerous respects over methods known in the prior art. The specific features and advantages obtained in view of those features will become apparent with reference to the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION, appended claims, and accompanying drawing figures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic portrayal of various components employed to accomplish the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic portrayal of a conditioning device employed in the process.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the various components of a system 10 with which the present process invention can be practiced.
  • the figure illustrates a work bin 12 in which an oil seed such as soybeans is stored for dispensing.
  • Raw soybeans stored in the bin 12 are dispensed into a cleaner 14, if appropriate.
  • the beans are cleaned at this point in the practicing of the method, prior to further processing being accomplished.
  • the raw unconditioned beans are deposited into a conditioner 18.
  • a feed screw 20 can be employed in actual practice for transferring the beans into the conditioner 18. It will be understood that the beans can be introduced at any upwardly disposed location on the conditioner 18. That is, they can be deposited in the top or at a point along the side partially down the side wall 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows the internal construction of a conditioner implement with which the present method would be practiced.
  • a multiplicity of staves 24 extend generally transversely across the path the oil seed would traverse as it passes through plenum 26 defined within the conditioner 18.
  • the staves 24 are distributed at locations so that the beans, as they pass through the plenum 26, will tend to strike the staves 24 numerous times. As they do, the hulls will be loosened from the meats to some extent. Furthermore, the impacts will increase the time for particles to pass through the plenum and improved distribution of the solids and gas across the full plenum cross-section.
  • a preferred distribution of the staves 24 envisions two identical rows of equally spaced staves 24, as at 28, alternated with two identical, off-set identical rows of staves 24, as at 30, wherein the diameters of the staves 24 are such that a bean falling directly downwardly from one row of staves 24 will, necessarily strike one of the staves 24 in the adjacent, off-set row.
  • beans passing downwardly through the conditioner plenum 26 will strike numerous staves 24 during the traverse.
  • a gas inlet 32 is provided proximate the bottom of the plenum 26.
  • a perforated, obliquely disposed plate 34 can be incorporated to define the floor of the plenum 26. Gas entering the plenum 26 through a gas inlet 32 can, thereby, pass through the perforations, and rise upwardly through the plenum 26. As can be seen, this passage of the gas is in a counter-current direction to the general direction along which the oil seed moves downwardly under the influence of gravity.
  • the gas introduced into the bottom of the plenum 26 would be heated to a high temperature.
  • the preferred manner of practicing the method would employ a mixture of air and steam in any proportion as the gas. Such mixture, it is presently anticipated, would be heated to a temperature of between 215° F. and 420° F.
  • Downward movement of the raw oil seed can be retarded by impact with a suitable number and disposition of staves and by controlling the flow rate of the gas into the plenum 26. It has been found that, by increasing the gas flow rate to a desired level, the oil seed can be maintained in its downward traverse of the plenum 26 for a period of as long as 20 seconds. Such a length of time has been found to be sufficient to accomplish desired results. It will be understood, however, that gas flow velocity will be increased or decreased to adjust the contact period of the oil seed with the conditioning gas.
  • the staves 24 can take the form of ducts which have internal passages 36 through which a gas flow can be passed. Again, steam can function well as the gas passed through the ducts 24. By constructing the staves 24 as described, additional heat can be brought to bear upon the oil seed as it passes through the plenum 26.
  • the plenum 26 of the conditioner 18 During the passage of the oil seed through the plenum 26 of the conditioner 18, a portion of the hulls will be separated from the meats of the soybeans or other oil seed.
  • the meats of course, have a greater terminal velocity than do the hulls, and the velocity of the gas flow would, typically, be maintained at a level less than the terminal velocity of the meats in order to maintain counter-current flow. It will be understood, however, that it might be desired, in certain circumstances, to have the processed material pass in the same direction as does the gas flow.
  • the relative velocity of the gas to the oil seeds while normally being maintained at a level lower than the terminal velocity of the meats, may be maintained above the terminal velocity of the hulls.
  • the hulls would, therefore, pass upwardly with the gas flow. Passage could be into a conduit 38, shown in phantom line in FIG. 2, for transmittal to a separator such as a cyclone separator 40.
  • the fines and hull particles carried off by the gas could be removed therefrom as the first step in renewing of the gas.
  • the fines and hull particles would be passed for further processing, if desired.
  • the gas could be "scrubbed" or processed in other manners so that it could again be used for introduction into the bottom portion of the plenum 26 of the conditioner 18.
  • the partially conditioned meats passing out of the first conditioner 18 would, typically, pass onto a conveyor 42.
  • the conveyor 42 would, in turn, transmit those materials, via a second conveyor 44 and an elevator 46, for reintroduction into a second conditioner 48.
  • the second conditioner 48 it is envisioned, would be structured substantially the same as would be the first conditioner 18.
  • An interim step could, however, be performed upon the partially conditioned oil seed between processing in the two conditioner mechanisms 18, 48.
  • An impacting or rolling device 50 can be inserted into the system between the conditioners 18, 48 for further impacting or size reduction of the beans. Such an additional step may facilitate removal of any hulls still adhering to the bean meats.
  • the partially-conditioned oil seed is, if necessary, processed by a second conditioner 48. Because of the application of the conditioning process a second time, an extremely high percentage of the hulls can be removed.
  • the fines and hull particles passing out of the second conditioner 48 along with the gas would be separated from the gas by a separator. Again, a cyclone separator 52 functions well in this role.
  • the fines and hull particles recovered could be transferred to the same receptacle (not shown) as were the fines and hull particles from the first conditioner 18 processing.
  • the gas from the separator 52 could be recovered. Alternatively, some or all of the gas may be exhausted and the system replenished with fresh gas. Heat recovery apparatus may be employed. Processing could be performed upon the gas to renew it so that it also could be used again.
  • the oil seed meats leaving the second conditioner 48 would be substantially in a condition for subsequent processing in a manner known in the art. They could, therefore, be transferred to a flaker or other processing implement (not shown).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
US07/185,090 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials Expired - Lifetime US4869910A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/185,090 US4869910A (en) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials
CN89102606A CN1041268A (zh) 1988-04-22 1989-04-19 油料种子及类似材料的改性方法
EP89401148A EP0338940B1 (de) 1988-04-22 1989-04-21 Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Ölsaat und ähnlichen Materialien
CA000597486A CA1285192C (en) 1988-04-22 1989-04-21 Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials
ES89401148T ES2076223T3 (es) 1988-04-22 1989-04-21 Metodo de acondicionamiento de semillas oleaginosas y materiales similares.
DE68923214T DE68923214T2 (de) 1988-04-22 1989-04-21 Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Ölsaat und ähnlichen Materialien.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/185,090 US4869910A (en) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4869910A true US4869910A (en) 1989-09-26

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US07/185,090 Expired - Lifetime US4869910A (en) 1988-04-22 1988-04-22 Method of conditioning oil seeds and similar materials

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4869910A (de)
EP (1) EP0338940B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1041268A (de)
CA (1) CA1285192C (de)
DE (1) DE68923214T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2076223T3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017059354A1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-06 Crown Iron Works Company Heat recovery for seed conditioner and cooker operation
CN110325626A (zh) * 2017-01-24 2019-10-11 皇冠制铁公司 模块化竖直种子调节器加热部分

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7722771B2 (en) 2004-04-12 2010-05-25 Thar Technologies, Inc. Continuous processing and solids handling in near-critical and supercritical fluids
US8460550B2 (en) 2004-04-12 2013-06-11 Thar Process, Inc. Continuous processing and solids handling in near-critical and supercritical fluids

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3220451A (en) * 1962-07-11 1965-11-30 Swift & Co Dehulling soybeans
JPS5871858A (ja) * 1981-10-27 1983-04-28 Asahimatsu Shokuhin Kk 大豆の脱皮方法
US4556573A (en) * 1980-11-04 1985-12-03 Escher Wyss Limited Method for treating soybeans

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH575723A5 (de) * 1972-11-01 1976-05-31 Buehler Ag Geb
CH656779A5 (de) * 1982-09-30 1986-07-31 Escher Wyss Gmbh Konditionierung von sojabohnenbruch.
DE3544387A1 (de) * 1985-12-14 1987-06-19 Buehler Ag Geb Schaelverfahren fuer bohnenartige fruechte und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3220451A (en) * 1962-07-11 1965-11-30 Swift & Co Dehulling soybeans
US4556573A (en) * 1980-11-04 1985-12-03 Escher Wyss Limited Method for treating soybeans
JPS5871858A (ja) * 1981-10-27 1983-04-28 Asahimatsu Shokuhin Kk 大豆の脱皮方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017059354A1 (en) * 2015-10-02 2017-04-06 Crown Iron Works Company Heat recovery for seed conditioner and cooker operation
CN108138077A (zh) * 2015-10-02 2018-06-08 皇冠制铁公司 用于种子调节器和蒸煮器操作的热回收
CN110325626A (zh) * 2017-01-24 2019-10-11 皇冠制铁公司 模块化竖直种子调节器加热部分
US12134746B2 (en) 2017-01-24 2024-11-05 Crown Iron Works Company Modular vertical seed conditioner heating section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2076223T3 (es) 1995-11-01
EP0338940A3 (de) 1991-04-24
CN1041268A (zh) 1990-04-18
EP0338940B1 (de) 1995-06-28
EP0338940A2 (de) 1989-10-25
DE68923214T2 (de) 1996-02-29
CA1285192C (en) 1991-06-25
DE68923214D1 (de) 1995-08-03

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