US483827A - betjngg-er - Google Patents
betjngg-er Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US483827A US483827A US483827DA US483827A US 483827 A US483827 A US 483827A US 483827D A US483827D A US 483827DA US 483827 A US483827 A US 483827A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- digester
- solution
- sulphite
- digesters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulphite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 231100001004 fissure Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])=O GBAOBIBJACZTNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004295 calcium sulphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/226—Use of compounds avoiding scale formation
Definitions
- HERMANN BRIINGGER OF OUNNERSDORF
- ASSIGNOR TO FERDINAND SALOMON OF BERLIN
- GERMANY OF BERLIN
- This invention relates to the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process, and more especially to the protection of the digesters or boilers 5 and it has for its object to protect such digesters or boilers against the corrosive action of the sulphite solution.
- the invention consists in a novel process of forminga protective lining for the digesters or boilers used in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process, which lining may be formed either during the process of disintegration of the fibrous material or independently thereof, as will now be fully described.
- the object of this my invention is to obviate the difticulties referred to by providing such digesters or boilers with a lining that will effectually protect the digester against the action of a sulphite solution, and which lining, should it crack, will reform or repair itself during the process of disintegration of a fibrous substance, or may be readily repaired or reformed independently of such process.
- I preferably preheat the digester to such a degree as that a decomposition or partial decomposition of said solution will follow when brought in contact with the heated digester-walls, and I have found that a temperature of from 100 centigrade upward will answer the purposes.
- a weak sulphite solution is employed that will not rapidly corrode the metal when brought in contact therewith at a normal temperature, the preheating of the digester is not adsolutely necessary, and the process of forming the lining and of disintegrating the fibrous material may then be carried on simultaneously, thereby effecting an economy in fuel.
- I may proceed in two ways, according to the degree of saturation of the solution.
- a digester of iron or steel and devoid of all lining may be charged with the fibrous material to be disintegrated or reducedas wood, for instance-and with a sulphite solution-as, for instance, a solution of bisulphite of calcium.
- the digester-walls may then be heated to a temperature ranging from about 100 centigrade upward, when decomposition or partial decomposition of the solution in contact with such heated walls and a separation of the salt therefrom will ensue, which salt will be deposited upon said walls and form an incrustation insoluble in the bisulphite solution, the temperature referred to being maintained during the process of disintegration, so that the heat necessary to the disintegration of the fibrous material will at the same time assist in the formation of a lining for the digester that will be insoluble in the sulphite solution.
- the digester may be coated or lined before introducing the fibrous material.
- the digester may be kept in rotation during the process, though this is not absolutely necessary.
- the degree of saturation of the sulphite solution is immaterial to the process of forming the lining, as such will be formed whatever the strength of the solution may be, so that in the reduction of fibrous materials requiring a Weak solution the reduction and formation of the lining may be carried on simultane ously, and this may also be done with materials requiring a strong solution, provided a weak solution is first employed, and as the lining is formed stronger solutions used.
- lining so formed is enamel-like, exceedingly hard, and adheres very firmly to the dlgesterwalls.
- Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a digester, also'devoi'd of double walls, other means being provided to heat the same.
- the digester A (shown in Fig. 1) is heated to the required degree by passing a heated fluid-such as steam, for examplethrough a jacket formed by the outer walls A and the inner walls B.
- a heated fluid-such as steam for examplethrough a jacket formed by the outer walls A and the inner walls B.
- the spaces between the double walls of the manholes O are connected to the spaces between the walls A B by pipes D, the steam being introduced through one F of the hollow trunnions and exhausted by pipe f, connected with the other hollow trunnion F, the digester or boiler A being revoluble on the rollers E.
- Digesters devoid of a jacket formed by double Walls are, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, contained in a heating-chamber of masonry which is provided with apertures G 11- opposite the several manholes C, adapted to be closedby suitable doors.
- the digester in this latter arrangement is heated by means of hot air or other gas or gases admitted'to the chamber at a and exhausted at b.
Description
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
- H. BRUNGGER.
PROCESS OF LINING DIGBSTERS.
No. 483,827. Patented Oct. 4, 1892.
YZilflLSS efi .Ezavizfir:
Eerm/azmBrzZ er.
wring:
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
H. BRUNGGER. PROCESS OF LINING DIGESTBRS.
No. 483,827. Patented Oct. 4, 1892.
EEIMILIZ WI/76 9565.- E
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HERMANN BRIINGGER, OF OUNNERSDORF, ASSIGNOR TO FERDINAND SALOMON, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF LlNlNG DIGESTERS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 483,827, dated October 4, 1892.
Application filed April 26, 1890. Serial No. 349,622. (No specimens) Patented in England September 17, 1888, No. 13,396, and December 10, 1888, No. 18,003; in Norway September 17, 1888, No. 1,087; in France October 19, 1888, No. 198,637; in Belgium November 5, 1888.110. 83,841, and December 1, 1888, No. 84,140; in Germany November 7, 1888, No. 50,789, and
in Switzerland February 5, 1889, No. 398.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HERMANN BRiiNGGER, a citizen of Switzerland, residing at Gunnersdorf, in the district of Liegnitz, German Empire, have invented a certain new and useful Process of LiningDigesters, (for which I have obtained a patent in Switzerland, dated February 5, 1889, No. 398, and for which I have obtained patents in conjunction with Ferdinand Salomon,LL. D. and manufacturer,a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at 59 Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, who is interested in said invention with me in the following countries, to wit: Great Britain, September 17, 1888, No. 13,396, and December 10, 1888, No. 18,003; Norway, September 17, 1888, No. 1,087; France, October 19, 1888, No. 193,637; Germany, November 7, 1888, No. 50,789, and in Belgium, November 5, 1888, No. 83,84cl,and December 1, 1888, No. 84,140,) and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.
This invention relates to the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process, and more especially to the protection of the digesters or boilers 5 and it has for its object to protect such digesters or boilers against the corrosive action of the sulphite solution.
To this end the invention consists in a novel process of forminga protective lining for the digesters or boilers used in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process, which lining may be formed either during the process of disintegration of the fibrous material or independently thereof, as will now be fully described.
In the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process the boilers heretofore used were protected against the corrosive or destructive action of the sulphite solution by lining the same with lead or with some other material not afiected by the sulphite solution. These linings are very expensive, liable to leakage,
and consequently necessitating frequent repairs, while such leakages are in many cases dificult to detect or cannot be detected until the boiler-wall, brought in contact with the sulphite solution, is so far corroded as to cause a leakage in the boiler-shell itself.
The object of this my invention is to obviate the difticulties referred to by providing such digesters or boilers with a lining that will effectually protect the digester against the action of a sulphite solution, and which lining, should it crack, will reform or repair itself during the process of disintegration of a fibrous substance, or may be readily repaired or reformed independently of such process.
In carrying out my invention and when the sulphite solution is a concentrated one I preferably preheat the digester to such a degree as that a decomposition or partial decomposition of said solution will follow when brought in contact with the heated digester-walls, and I have found that a temperature of from 100 centigrade upward will answer the purposes. \Vhen, however, a weak sulphite solution is employed that will not rapidly corrode the metal when brought in contact therewith at a normal temperature, the preheating of the digester is not adsolutely necessary, and the process of forming the lining and of disintegrating the fibrous material may then be carried on simultaneously, thereby effecting an economy in fuel. Hence I may proceed in two ways, according to the degree of saturation of the solution. If the solution is a weak one, so that it will not corrode the digester-walls too rapidly, a digester of iron or steel and devoid of all lining may be charged with the fibrous material to be disintegrated or reducedas wood, for instance-and with a sulphite solution-as, for instance, a solution of bisulphite of calcium. The digester-walls may then be heated to a temperature ranging from about 100 centigrade upward, when decomposition or partial decomposition of the solution in contact with such heated walls and a separation of the salt therefrom will ensue, which salt will be deposited upon said walls and form an incrustation insoluble in the bisulphite solution, the temperature referred to being maintained during the process of disintegration, so that the heat necessary to the disintegration of the fibrous material will at the same time assist in the formation of a lining for the digester that will be insoluble in the sulphite solution. If desired, however, the digester may be coated or lined before introducing the fibrous material. When the solution is sufficiently concentrated as to rapidly attach the digester-walls, I prefer to preheat the digester, and when heated to about 100 centigrade and upward the solution is admitted thereto, when decomposition or partial decomposition of the solution by contact with the heated walls and deposition of the salt upon said walls will ensue. The degree of heat referred to is maintained until a lining of sufficient thickness has been formed-say from one and one-half to two millimeters when the digesters may be charged with the fibrous material and the reduction thereof proceeded with at any desired or required temperature. It is obvious that should the lining crack or fissure from any cause such crack or fissure can be readily repaired, as described, or will repair itself during the operation of reduction of the fibrous material.
To render the deposit more uniform,the digester may be kept in rotation during the process, though this is not absolutely necessary.
An analysis of the lining of one of the digesters shows about the following proportions of components in one hundred parts:
26.775 parts sulphate of calcium, (021.80 62.232 parts calcium sulphite, (OaFO and sulphide Cas 0.673 parts free lime, (OaO.) 0.11 parts magnesia, (MgO.) 0.27 parts oxide of iron and argillaceous earth. 9.93 parts Water and organic matter, of which I found 0.17, or about that, to be cellulose.
'phate and sulphide with evolution of water,
sulphurous oxide, and sulphur, some of the monosulphite remaining undecomposed, the reaction and separation taking place as soon as the temperature reaches 100 centigrade.
The degree of saturation of the sulphite solution is immaterial to the process of forming the lining, as such will be formed whatever the strength of the solution may be, so that in the reduction of fibrous materials requiring a Weak solution the reduction and formation of the lining may be carried on simultane ously, and this may also be done with materials requiring a strong solution, provided a weak solution is first employed, and as the lining is formed stronger solutions used. The
lining so formed is enamel-like, exceedingly hard, and adheres very firmly to the dlgesterwalls.
digester devoid of double walls; and Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a digester, also'devoi'd of double walls, other means being provided to heat the same.
The digester A (shown in Fig. 1) is heated to the required degree by passing a heated fluid-such as steam, for examplethrough a jacket formed by the outer walls A and the inner walls B. The spaces between the double walls of the manholes O are connected to the spaces between the walls A B by pipes D, the steam being introduced through one F of the hollow trunnions and exhausted by pipe f, connected with the other hollow trunnion F, the digester or boiler A being revoluble on the rollers E.
Digesters devoid of a jacket formed by double Walls are, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, contained in a heating-chamber of masonry which is provided with apertures G 11- opposite the several manholes C, adapted to be closedby suitable doors. The digester in this latter arrangement is heated by means of hot air or other gas or gases admitted'to the chamber at a and exhausted at b.
When the digester is stationary, as shown in Fig. 3,-it. is necessary to fill it with the sulphite solution, and as the solution expands when subjected to heat I provide the vesselI that is connected with the lower end of the digester A, and in said connection is a weighted valve V, a like valve V being arranged in the feed-pipe of said vessel, the load of the valve V being so adjusted that the pressure in the digester will overcome that exerted by the load to allow the solution to flow back into the vessel I, while the load of the valve V will be so adjusted that the pressure exerted thereby will resist the pressure in the digester.
It is obvious that by means of the described process the usual expensive linings for digesters used in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulphite process may be entirely or partially dispensed with, which has hereto fore not been possible.
Another advantage than those hereinbefore referred to is derived from my process, in that the operation of disintegration sets in more rapidly.
I do not desire to claim herein a dig'ester or boiler provided with alining that is insolu- IIO ble in the solution from which such lining has been obtained, as this is claimed in a separate application for Letters Patent of even date with this, Serial No. 349,623.
Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The process of lining digesters, which consists in forming on the interior surface of a boiler or digester a protective coating or lining insoluble in a sulphite solution, such coating or lining being produced by decomposing or partially decomposing by means of heat a sulphite solution While in contact with said surface, as set forth.
2. The process of lining digesters, which consists in forming on the interior surface of a boiler or digester a protective coating or lining insolublein a sulphite solution, such coating or lining being produced by decomposing or partially decomposing a sulphite solution by bringing the same in contact with said surface previously heated, as set forth.
3. The process of lining digesters, which consists in forming on the interior surface of a boiler or digester a protective coating or linin g insoluble in a sulphite solution, such coating or lining being produced by decomposing or partially decomposing by means of heat a sulphite solution and revolving the digester during the operation, as set forth.
4. The process of lining boilers or digesters, which consists in forming on the interior surface of a boiler or digester a protective coating or lining insoluble in a sulphite solution, such coating or lining being produced by charging the boiler or digester with a sulphite solution and with the fibrous material to be reduced and in decomposing or partially decomposing by means of heat said sulphite solution and simultaneously therewith reducing the fibrous material, as set forth.
In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
HERMANN BRUNGGER.
Witnesses:
J. J. KENNEDY, Trros. II. SAVERY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US483827A true US483827A (en) | 1892-10-04 |
Family
ID=2552677
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US483827D Expired - Lifetime US483827A (en) | betjngg-er |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US483827A (en) |
-
0
- US US483827D patent/US483827A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5968212A (en) | Apparatus for gasification of combustion and waste materials containing carbon and ash | |
US3867251A (en) | Combustion of alkaline cooking liquor | |
US483827A (en) | betjngg-er | |
WO1993017179A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for improving the safety of a spent liquor recovery boiler | |
Li et al. | Failure analysis of superheater tubes in an air quenching cooler waste heat boiler | |
US3139866A (en) | Studded tube construction with studs of alcr | |
US1948696A (en) | Vertical shaft furnace | |
US483826A (en) | Hermann brxngger | |
US1771829A (en) | Apparatus for the recovery of chemicals and heat from waste liquors | |
CN204385136U (en) | Crushed coal pressurized-gasification furnace | |
US483828A (en) | Brungger | |
US304092A (en) | David otto fbancke | |
US2141036A (en) | Regenerative heater and the like | |
US2052928A (en) | Blast furnace hearth and bosh | |
US418274A (en) | Process of recovering soda | |
US1444467A (en) | Method of hardening fresh linings of sulphite-pulp digesters | |
Keiser et al. | Corrosion issues in black liquor gasifiers | |
US100003A (en) | bessemer | |
US749258A (en) | Adam cochean | |
US68119A (en) | Improved apparatus foe supplying gases to furnaces | |
USRE1675E (en) | Improvement in apparatus for treatinj silicious substances | |
US138429A (en) | Improvement in combined rotary blast and puddling furnaces for making wrought | |
US620243A (en) | Paper-pulp digester | |
US1841752A (en) | Industrial chemical vessel | |
USRE11282E (en) | George f |