US477732A - Method of insulating electric conductors - Google Patents
Method of insulating electric conductors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US477732A US477732A US477732DA US477732A US 477732 A US477732 A US 477732A US 477732D A US477732D A US 477732DA US 477732 A US477732 A US 477732A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- insulating
- enamel
- cotton
- paste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000037 vitreous enamel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N Digoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)[C@H](O)C5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O LTMHDMANZUZIPE-PUGKRICDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/296—Rubber, cellulosic or silicic material in coating
Definitions
- My invention relates to improvements in insulating electrically the various parts of electrical machinery. It is well known that it is customary to make the arinatures for dynamos and motors of a number of thin plates of iron, which are separated electrically from each other by some non-metallic insulating substance, suchas a thin sheet of paper, shellac, varnish, or the like. The same method is frequently used in the construction of fieldmagnets. In the manufacture of commutators the copper segments to which each of the armature-coils are connected are separated from each other by thin plates of mica, and the commutator is held in place by rings of hard rubber, vulcabeston, or vulcanized fiber.
- the spools or metallic frames on which the field-coils are wound are covered with var- .nished canvas, fuller-board, or thin sheets of vulcabeston.
- the wire used for field-coils and armature-windings is protected by one or more thicknesses of cotton.
- the insulating materials used are more or less organic in their origin, and are consequently liable to injury or destruction from the inevitable rise .of temperature to which dynamo machinery is liable.
- the insulating substances above named, with the enception of mica are more or less hygroscopic and are liable to absorb both moisture and oil, the presence of which impairs theirinsulating qualities and eventually leads to their destruction.
- the expense of suitable sizes and quality and the difficulty of obtaining the mineral of appropriate degrees of hardness are serious ob ections.
- the wire is passed through a drier having a temperature not exceeding 250 Fahrenheit, which serves The wire is now covered with a second layer of cotton which binds the unvitrified paste in place and prevents it from being knocked off, chipped, or
- the wire may receive a number of successive coats of cotton and enamel, and in this way an insulating of any desired thickness can be built up. After the requisite insulation is thus produced and the wire has re ceived its exterior coating of cotton it may be wound upon the armature-core or upon bobbins previously prepared by being coated with the enamel and fired, so as to be thoroughly vitrified. After the armature or bobbins have received the requisite quantity of wire they are placed in a suitable receptacle filled with paste and connected with a hydraulic press or other apparatus, whereby the paste will be forced into all the interstices between the successive layers or strands of wires. On removal from the press the completed armature or coil is placed in the furnace and fired.
- the paste with which the wires are covered is vitrified, and at the same time the cotton-covering is burned away, leaving each separate wire inclosed in a continuous tube of vitrified enamel-that is, both fire and water proof.
- the cotton also serves the additional purposes of affording a slight space between the wire and the enamel, which is sufficient to absorb the dilference in expansion between the wire and the enamel,thereby obviating danger of cracking. In this process I do not confine myself to the use of cotton fiber. Any other suitable material may be employed which will serve to hold the unvitrified enamel in place and which will be burned away and destroyed by the subsequent firing.
- I claim 1 In the construction of electrical apparatus or machinery, the method of insulating the wire or other parts, consisting in applying one or more coats of a vitreous enamel, holding the same in place by a wrapper of organic substance, and vitrifying the enamel and destroying the organic material by firing,
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ARTHUR V. ABBOTT, OF CLUSTER, NEW JERSEY.
METHOD OF INSULATING ELECTRIG CONDUC TORS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 477,732, dated June 28, 1892.
' Application filed March 12, 1892. Serial No. 424,699. (No specimens) To a whom, it may concern:
Be it known that I, ARTHUR V. ABBOTT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Oloster, in the county of Bergen and State of.
New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Insulating Electrical Apparatus and in the Apparatus so Insulated, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to improvements in insulating electrically the various parts of electrical machinery. It is well known that it is customary to make the arinatures for dynamos and motors of a number of thin plates of iron, which are separated electrically from each other by some non-metallic insulating substance, suchas a thin sheet of paper, shellac, varnish, or the like. The same method is frequently used in the construction of fieldmagnets. In the manufacture of commutators the copper segments to which each of the armature-coils are connected are separated from each other by thin plates of mica, and the commutator is held in place by rings of hard rubber, vulcabeston, or vulcanized fiber. The spools or metallic frames on which the field-coils are wound are covered with var- .nished canvas, fuller-board, or thin sheets of vulcabeston. The wire used for field-coils and armature-windings is protected by one or more thicknesses of cotton. With the exception of the commutator construction, the insulating materials used are more or less organic in their origin, and are consequently liable to injury or destruction from the inevitable rise .of temperature to which dynamo machinery is liable. Furthermore, the insulating substances above named, with the enception of mica, are more or less hygroscopic and are liable to absorb both moisture and oil, the presence of which impairs theirinsulating qualities and eventually leads to their destruction. In the case of the use of mica in the construction ,ofeommutators the expense of suitable sizes and quality and the difficulty of obtaining the mineral of appropriate degrees of hardness are serious ob ections.
By means of my invention the above ob ections to the former methods and means of insulating are overcome, and I am enabled to to consolidate the paste.
powder and are then mixed with a sufficient quantity of Water to which a small proportion of gum and of various metallic oxides have been added in order to form a paste having about the consistency of cream. The paste is then applied in any appropriate manner to the articles it is desired to insulate. For the laminations of armature-cores and field-magnets and for the spools or bobbins for carrying coils it is sufficient to dip the plate or piece into the paste. After the paste has dried each piece is placed in a muffle and heated sufficiently to fuse the silicates, thereby forming a vitreous enamel, covering the entire surface, which is both non-hygroscopic and highlyinsulated.
In order to cover and insulate the wire employed in winding the bobbins and coils, I have invented a special process. By the present method a copper wire is covered with one or more layers of cotton tightly wound or braided onto the wire. In my processIcover the wire with a single layer of cotton wound on as loosely as possible, and instead of employing a tightly-twisted thread I use a loose cotton yarn, which is made as fluffy as possible. After this covering of cotton the covered wire is passed through a bath containing the liquid enamel above stated, to which a proportion of fibrous asbestos is preferably, but not necessarily, added to give additional body. 011 emerging from the bath of enamel the wire is passed through a drier having a temperature not exceeding 250 Fahrenheit, which serves The wire is now covered with a second layer of cotton which binds the unvitrified paste in place and prevents it from being knocked off, chipped, or
broken during subsequent operations. It .desired, the wire may receive a number of successive coats of cotton and enamel, and in this way an insulating of any desired thickness can be built up. After the requisite insulation is thus produced and the wire has re ceived its exterior coating of cotton it may be wound upon the armature-core or upon bobbins previously prepared by being coated with the enamel and fired, so as to be thoroughly vitrified. After the armature or bobbins have received the requisite quantity of wire they are placed in a suitable receptacle filled with paste and connected with a hydraulic press or other apparatus, whereby the paste will be forced into all the interstices between the successive layers or strands of wires. On removal from the press the completed armature or coil is placed in the furnace and fired. By means of the second firing the paste with which the wires are covered is vitrified, and at the same time the cotton-covering is burned away, leaving each separate wire inclosed in a continuous tube of vitrified enamel-that is, both fire and water proof. The cotton also serves the additional purposes of affording a slight space between the wire and the enamel, which is sufficient to absorb the dilference in expansion between the wire and the enamel,thereby obviating danger of cracking. In this process I do not confine myself to the use of cotton fiber. Any other suitable material may be employed which will serve to hold the unvitrified enamel in place and which will be burned away and destroyed by the subsequent firing.
It is obvious that the above-described processes may be used in the construction of rheostats or any electrical apparatus.
I claim 1. In the construction of electrical apparatus or machinery, the method of insulating the wire or other parts, consisting in applying one or more coats of a vitreous enamel, holding the same in place by a wrapper of organic substance, and vitrifying the enamel and destroying the organic material by firing,
substantially as specified.
2. In the construction of electrical apparatus or machinery, the method of insulating the wire or other parts thereof, consisting in coating the same with a Vitreous enamel in plastic or paste-like condition, holding thesame in position by a wrapper of organic material, then giving the wire or part the desired
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US477732A true US477732A (en) | 1892-06-28 |
Family
ID=2546587
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US477732D Expired - Lifetime US477732A (en) | Method of insulating electric conductors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US477732A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2563502A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | Porcelain enamel and method of | ||
| US2589169A (en) * | 1946-04-12 | 1952-03-11 | Western Electric Co | Method of insulating conductors |
-
0
- US US477732D patent/US477732A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2563502A (en) * | 1951-08-07 | Porcelain enamel and method of | ||
| US2589169A (en) * | 1946-04-12 | 1952-03-11 | Western Electric Co | Method of insulating conductors |
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