Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel pyridine compounds with herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties, as well as to the preparation of these novel compounds.
• the invention also relates to compositions containing the novel imidazolidinone compounds, and to methods of using them for selectively controlling weeds or for regulating plant growth.
• novel pyridine compounds are derivatives of 3-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione, said novel pyridine compounds being of formula I ##STR2## wherein each of X, Y and Z independently of one another is hydrogen or a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, or two adjacent substituents together also form a saturated or unsaturated 3- or 4-membered alkylene chain or alkenylene chain, each of which chains may in turn be substituted by one to four C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups; R is the hydroxyamino group, a C 1 -C 4 alkoxyamino, C 3 -C 4 alkenyloxyamino or C 3 -C 4 alkynyloxyamino group, a --PO(OC 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 or --PO(CH 3 )OC 1 -C
• the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups may be straight chain or branched.
• Examples of such groups are: methyl, ethyl, ethylene, propyl, propylene, isopropyl, 1- or 2-methyl-ethylene, butyl, butylene, sec-butyl, 1-methylpropylene, isobutyl, 2-methylpropylene, tert-butyl, 2,2-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, allyl, methallyl, butenyl, propargyl, 2-methylpropynyl and butynyl.
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• the basic structure for compounds of formula I is: ##STR3##
• the basic structure for compounds of formula IIa ##STR4## and for IIb is: ##STR5##
• the pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine of formula IV and V resp. are named as: ##STR6##
• the preparation of such compounds can be represented by the following scheme: ##STR7##
• the process of the present invention for the preparation of the imidazolinone compounds of formula I comprises reacting a compound of formula IIa or IIb of formula V ##STR8## in which formulae X, Y and Z are as defined for formula I, in an inert organic solvent or diluent and in the presence of a base, with a compound of formula III
• R is as defined for formula I, and isolating the resultant condensation product from the reaction mixture.
• the compound of formula III is converted in a suitable solvent such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile with the starting material of formula IIa or IIb to give the compound of formula I.
• a suitable solvent such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile with the starting material of formula IIa or IIb.
• the reaction is carried out preferably in a basic reaction-medium, it however can also be carried out with an acid catalyst. After dilution with water and acidification with acids, the resultant product is precipitated and isolated by filtration or extraction with a solvent.
• the compound of formula I can be isolated after the solvent has been evaporated off. The product is obtained in pure form by recrystallization or distillation under a high vacuum.
• a pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid ⁇ -isopropyl- ⁇ -methylacetonitrile of formula IV required as starting material can be prepared in simple manner in accordance with the process described in European published application 161 221 by condensing an unsaturated hydrazone with a 2-chloro- or 2-bromo-N( ⁇ -isopropyl- ⁇ -methylacetonitrile)succinimide according to the following scheme ##STR9##
• each of R' and R" is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• Hal is chlorine or bromine
• X, Y and Z are as defined for formula I.
• the starting material of formula V can also be prepared in accordance with the process described in European patent application 8581062.5 by condensing an unsaturated hydrazone with N-( ⁇ -isopropyl- ⁇ -methylacetonitrile)succinimide.
• a tetrahydropyridine-2,3-dicarboximide is formed which is converted into the pyridine-2,3-dicarboximide by treatment with silica gel and subsequent oxidation in air according to the following scheme: ##STR10##
• each of R' and R" is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• X, Y and Z are as defined for formula I.
• N-( ⁇ -isopropyl- ⁇ -methylacetonitrile)-2,3-pyridinecarboximide of formula IV is first treated with concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrolysis of the nitrile group yields the N-( ⁇ -isopropyl- ⁇ -methylacetimido)-2,3-pyridinecarboximide of formula V which can be condensed under basic conditions to give the 3-isopropyl-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5-dione of formula IIa.
• the pyridinecarboximide of formula V can also be converted, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide solution, into the 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidine)nicotinic acid derivative of formula VI which is converted into the starting material of formula IIb (2-isopropyl-2-methyl-3H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,5-dione) by treatment with a condensing agent in an organic solvent, with the loss of a water molecule. Nicotinic acids of formula VI and their esters as well as the preparation thereof are described e.g. in European published application 41 623.
• Suitable condensing agents for this cyclisation are a molar amount of a strong acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, or of an anhydride, or a water absorbing reagent such as cyclohexanecarbodiimide, thionyl chloride or phosgene in the presence of a small amount of dimethylformamide. Condensation can also be effected by boiling the reaction mixture in a water separator.
• the reactions can not be carried out at room temperature, then they are carried out in the temperature range from 0° C. to 200° C., i.e. the reaction mixture is heated--if necessary--to its boiling point and cooled--if necessary--with ice/water or ice/brine.
• Suitable bases for these condensation or hydrolysis reactions are in particular inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia and tertiary organic bases such as triethylamine.
• Suitable solvents are e.g. polar, aprotic solvents which can be used by themselves or in mixtures consisting of at least two solvents.
• solvents are: ethers such as dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methylene glycol, dimethyl ethylene glycol, diethyl diethylene glycol, dimethyl triethylene glycol, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1-2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, carboxylates and lactones such as ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl benzoate, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, o-valerolactone and pivalolactone, carboxamides and lactams such as formamide, acetamide, N-methylformamide, N,N
• Preferred herbicides or plant growth regulators are those derivatives of 3-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione of formula I wherein
• R is a hydrazino radical, in particular 9b-hydrazino-3,7-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4b]pyridine-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione;
• R is the hydroxylamino radical, in particular 9b-hydroxylamino-3-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione;
• R is a C 1 -C 4 alkoxyamino or C 3 -C 4 alkenyloxyamino radical, in particular 9b-(allyloxyamino)-7-n-butyl-3-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione, especially 3-isopropyl-9b-methoxyamino-3-methyl-1H-imidazo[1',2':1,2]pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2,5(3H,9bH)-dione
• the invention relates to all diastereomeric and enantiomeric isomers of the compounds of formula I.
• the compounds of formula I are usually successfully applied at concentrations of 0.05 to 4 kg/ha, in particular 0.1 to 1 kg/ha.
• the compounds of formula I When used at low rates of application, the compounds of formula I have good selective growth inhibiting and selective herbicidal properties which make them most suitable for use in crops of useful plants, preferably in cereals, cotton, soybeans, maize and rice. In some cases damage is also caused to weeds which have only been controlled up to now with total herbicides.
• the compounds of formula I have in addition pronounced growth regulating, especially growth inhibiting, properties. The growth of both monocots and dicots is inhibited.
• the compounds of formula I selectively inhibit the growth of leguminosae which are frequently planted as cover crops in tropical regions, so that, while soil erosion between cultivated plants is prevented, the cover crops cannot compete with the cultivated plants.
• Inhibition of the vegetative growth of many cultivated plants permits more plants to be sown in a crop area, so that a higher yield may be obtained per unit of area.
• a further mechanism of yield increase using growth regulators resides in the fact that nutrients are able increasingly to promote flower formation and fruiting, whereas vegetative growth is inhibited.
• the invention also relates to herbicidal and growth regulating compositions which contain a novel compound of formula I, and also to methods of controlling weeds pre- and postemergence and of inhibiting the growth of monocots and dicots, especially grasses, tropical cover crops and tobacco plant suckers.
• the compounds of formula I are used in unmodified form or, preferably, together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation, and are therefore formulated in known manner to emulsifiable concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations in e.g. polymer substances.
• the methods of applications such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
• compositions, preparations or mixtures containing the compound (active ingredient) of formula I and, where appropriate, a solid or liquid adjuvant are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with extenders, e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, where appropriate, surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• extenders e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, where appropriate, surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes, phthalates such as dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and glycols and their ethers and esters, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide, as well as vegetable oils or epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; or water.
• aromatic hydrocarbons preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes, phthalates such as dibut
• the solid carriers used e.g. for dusts and dispersible powders are normally natural mineral fillers such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
• Suitable granulated adsorptive carriers are porous types, for example pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite; and suitable nonsorbent carriers are materials such as calcite or sand.
• a great number of pregranulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, e.g. especially dolomite or pulverised plant residues.
• suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
• surfactants will also be understood as comprising mixtures of surfactants.
• Suitable anionic surfactants can be both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
• Suitable soaps are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C 10 -C 22 ), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which can be obtained e.g. from coconut oil or tallow oil. Mention may also be made of fatty acid methyltaurin salts.
• so-called synthetic surfactants are used, especially fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylarylsulfonates.
• the fatty sulfonates or sulfates are usually in the form of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts and contain a C 8 -C 22 alkyl radical which also includes the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals, e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate or of a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids.
• acyl radicals e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate or of a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids.
• These compounds also comprise the salts of sulfuric acid esters and sulfonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts.
• the sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonic acid groups and one fatty acid radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
• alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolamine ethanolamine salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or of a naphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation product.
• corresponding phosphates e.g,. salts of the phosphoric acid ester of an adduct of p-nonylphenol with 4 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide, or phospholipids.
• Non-ionic surfactants are preferably polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, or saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives containing 3 to 10 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkylphenols.
• non-ionic surfactants are the water-soluble adducts of polyethylene oxide with polypropylene glycol, ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol and alkylpolypropylene glycol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts contain 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups. These compounds usually contain 1 to 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit.
• non-ionic surfactants are nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polypropylene/polyethylene oxide adducts, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol.
• Fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitate such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, are also suitable non-ionic surfactants.
• Cationic surfactants are preferably quaternary ammonium salts which contain, as N-substituent, at least one C 8 -C 22 alkyl radical and, as further substituents, unsubstituted or halogenated lower alkyl, benzyl or hydroxy-lower alkyl radicals.
• the salts are preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates, e.g. stearyltrimethylammonium chloride or benzyldi(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide.
• compositions usually contain 0.1 to 95%, preferably 0.1 to 80%, of a compound of formula I, 1 to 99.9% of a solid or liquid adjuvant, and 0 to 25%, preferably 0.1 to 25%, of a surfactant.
• the end user will normally employ dilute formulations.
• the formulations can be diluted to a concentration as low as 0.001% of active ingredient.
• the rates of application are usually from 0.005 to 5 kg a.i./ha.
• compositions may also contain further ingredients such as stabilisers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers, as well as fertilisers and other compounds for obtaining special effects.
• reaction solution After the reaction solution has cooled, it is filtered through silica gel and the filtrate is washed with ethyl acetate and then concentrated by evaporation. The residue is recrystallised from ethyl acetate/petroleum ether, affording 13.1 g of the title compound which melts at 116° C.
• reaction mixture is stirred for several hours at room temperature, then diluted with about 500 ml of water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried and concentrated by evaporation and the residue is recrystallised from acetone/water, affording in good yield (5.3 g) the title product, which melts at 143°-145° C.
• the active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
• Emulsions of any required concentration can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
• Dusts which are ready for use are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carrier, and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
• the active ingredient is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is subsequently moistened with water.
• the mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
• the finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner.
• the finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained by dilution with water.
• test compounds obtained from a 25% emulsifiable concentrate. Concentrations of 4 kg of test compound per hectare are applied. The seed dishes are kept in the greenhouse at 22°-25° C. and 50% relative humidity. The test is evaluated 3 weeks later in accordance with the following rating:
• a number of weeds, both mono- and dicotyledonous, are sprayed postemergence in the 4- to 6-leaf stage with an aqueous active ingredient dispersion at a rage of 4 kg of test compound per hectare and kept at 24°-26° C. and 45-60% relative humidity.
• the test is evaluated 15 days later in accordance with the same rating as employed above.
• the compounds of Tables 3 to 6 also exhibit strong to very strong herbicidal activity. A number of results are given in Table 7.
• the plants tested are treated postemergent with a WP-formulation containing 25% of active ingredient and an application rate of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 g AS/ha.
• the test is evaluated according to example 10.
• Plastic pots are filled with expanded vermiculite (density: 0.135 g/cm 3 ; water-absorbing capacity: 0.565 1/1). After the non-adsorptive vermiculite has been saturated with an aqueous emulsion in deionised water which contains the test compound in a concentration of 70.8 ppm, seeds of the following plants are sown on the surface: Nasturtium officinalis, Agrostis tenuis, Stellaria media and Digitaria sanguinalis. The pots are then kept in a climatic chamber at 20° C., an illumination of about 20 klux and a relative humidity of 70%.
• the pots are covered with lightpermeable material and watered with deionised water to increase the local humidity. After the 5th day, 0,5% of a commercial liquid fertiliser (Greenzit®) is added to the water. The test is evaluated 12 days after sowing and the action on the plants is assessed in accordance with the rating indicated in Example 9.
• Greenzit® a commercial liquid fertiliser
• test plants (Centrosema plumieri and Centrosema pubescens) are reared until fully grown and then cut back to a height of 60 cm. The plants are sprayed 7 days later with an aqueous emulsion of the test compound. The test plants are kept at 70% relative humidity and 6000 lux artificial light for 14 hours per day, at day temperatures of 27° C. and night temperatures of 21° C. The test is evaluated 4 weeks after application by assessing and weighing the new growth compared with controls and by determining the phytotoxicity.
• Soybeans of the "Hark” variety are sown in plastic containers in an earth/peat/sand mixture (6:3:1).
• the containers are put into a climatic chamber and the plants develop to the 5-6 trefoil leaf stage after abut 5 weeks by optimum control of temperature, light, fertiliser addition, and watering.
• the plants are then sprayed with an aqueous mixture of a compound of Tables 3 to 6 until thoroughly wetted.
• the concentration corresponds to up to 100 g a.i. per hectare. Evaluation is made about 5 weeks after application.
• the compounds of Tables 3 to 6 of the invention markedly increase the number and weight of the harvested siliquae on the leading shoot.
• Summer barley (Hordeum vulgare) and summer rye (Secale) are sown in sterilised soil in plastic beakers in a greenhouse and watered as required.
• the cereal shoots are treated about 21 days after sowing with an aqueous spray mixture of a compound of Tables 3 to 6.
• the concentration corresponds to up to 100 g of active ingredient per hectare.
• Evaluation of the growth of the cereals is made 21 days after application.
• a comparison with untreated controls shows that the growth of treated cereal plants is reduced (60-90% of the controls) and that the diameter of the stalks has in some cases increased.
• Seeds of the grasses Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Festuca ovina, Dactylis glomerate and Cynodon dactylon are sown in plastic dishes filled with an earth/peat/sand mixture (6:3:1), in a greenhouse, and watered as required.
• the emergent grasses are cut back weekly to a height of 4 cm, and about 50 days after sowing and 1 day after the last cut are sprayed with an aqueous spray mixture of a compound of Tables 3 to 9.
• the concentration of test compound corresponds to a rate of application of up to 500 g a.i. per hectare.
• the growth of the grasses is evaluated 21 days after application.
• the test compounds of Tables 3 to 6 effect a reduction in new growth in the range of 10-30% in comparison with untreated controls.
• Cotton plants of the Delapine variety are reared in earthen-ware pots in a greenhouse. After the capsules have formed, the plants are sprayed with an aqueous formulation of a compound of Tables 3 to 9 at rates of application corresponding to 1.2, 0.6 and 0.3 kg/ha in field application. Untreated plants act as controls. Evaluation of the test is made 3, 7 and 14 days after application of the active ingredient by determining the degree of defoliation (percentage of fallen leaves) and of desiccation (drying out of the leaves remaining on the plant).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
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• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

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• 1986
  • 1986-03-06 DE DE8686810118T patent/DE3674028D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-06 EP EP86810118A patent/EP0195745B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-11-03 US US06/926,925 patent/US4721522A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-12-01 US US06/936,216 patent/US4726838A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-12-01 US US06/936,214 patent/US4743296A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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