US4677522A - Electrode for measuring the relative permittivity of a substance - Google Patents

Electrode for measuring the relative permittivity of a substance Download PDF

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Publication number
US4677522A
US4677522A US06/838,935 US83893586A US4677522A US 4677522 A US4677522 A US 4677522A US 83893586 A US83893586 A US 83893586A US 4677522 A US4677522 A US 4677522A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode body
insulating material
electrode elements
elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/838,935
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English (en)
Inventor
Sture V. Persson
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OPTIGRADE I SKANDINAVIEN AB
Original Assignee
Skega AB
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Assigned to SKEGA AB reassignment SKEGA AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PERSSON, STURE
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4677522A publication Critical patent/US4677522A/en
Assigned to SVEDALA SKEGA AB reassignment SVEDALA SKEGA AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SKEGA AB
Assigned to OPTIGRADE I SKANDINAVIEN AB reassignment OPTIGRADE I SKANDINAVIEN AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SKEGA AB
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02—General constructional details
    • G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
    • G01R1/067—Measuring probes
    • G01R1/07—Non contact-making probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
    • G01R27/2635—Sample holders, electrodes or excitation arrangements, e.g. sensors or measuring cells
    • G01R27/2676—Probes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrode intended for measurement of relative permittivity.
  • each one of the electrically conductive electrode elements of the electrode is provided with a corresponding lead-in wire for connection to a measuring bridge or the like.
  • the permittivity or dielectric constant indicates the penetrating ability of the field forces in different media and signifies the ratio between quantity of charges and potential difference multiplied by the thickness of the respective medium.
  • the electrode comprises n coaxially arranged electrode elements, which are separated by spacer means of electrically insulating material, the lead-in wires of adjacent electrode elements being connectable in pairs for measurement.
  • the electrode elements are preferably arranged on a cylindrical electrode body.
  • the electrode elements are annular and placed in recesses with adapted measures in the electrode body, said spacer means comprising of annular members integral with the electrode body.
  • the new electrode can be taken out of the respective medium without trouble without being destroyed. This is made possible thanks to the fact that the electrode surface of the new electrode can be made very flat, the risk of adhesion between electrode and medium being excluded almost completely;
  • the electrode Due to its favorable geometrical design, the electrode can be subjected to high pressures without changing the geometry thereof and without destroying the same. This is of special importance at measurement of substances having a very high viscosity such as polymer melts or rubber;
  • the electrode can be built with more than two electrode elements.
  • n electrode elements can be arranged coaxially, the lead-in wires of adjacent electrode elements being connected in pairs for measurement.
  • a device with such multielement eletrode adjacent pairs of electrode elements can then be automatically connected. In this way it will be possible to calculate the movement of the curing gradient from the surface of a medium towards its centre.
  • the multielement electrode has its most important application at measurement in media showing permittivity gradients as the result of curing or vulcanization reactions.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of a part of the new measuring electrode.
  • FIG. 2 shows the preferred embodiment of the new measuring electrode in axial section.
  • the new measuring electrode 10 also comprises a homogeneous, rod-shaped electrode body 14 of electrically insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the electrode elements 12 made of metal are tubular and are placed in corresponding recesses 16 in the electrode body 14. It is important that the recesses 16 have a depth well corresponding to the thickness of the electrode elements 12 so that an almost quite flat outer surface of the electrode 10 is obtained.
  • One end of a line wire 20 and 22, respectively, is connected to the corresponding electrode element 12.
  • the opposite end of the line wire 20 and 22, respectively, is connectable to a measuring bridge or the like not shown on the drawing, connection being possible e.g. by means of a step switch turned by a motor.
  • a measuring bridge or the like not shown on the drawing, connection being possible e.g. by means of a step switch turned by a motor.
  • the measuring apparatus can of course also be connected to a microprocessor.
  • the measuring principle of the new measuring electrode 10 is based on the fact that an outer edge and verge capacitance--often called stray capacitance--arises between the outer generatrix surfaces of the electrode elements 12 arranged in pairs.
  • the relative permittivity is included in the expression of the outer edge capacitance the outer stray field can thus be utilized to measure the changes in capacitance arising when the medium surrounding the measuring electrode 10 has a relatively permittivity value, which is greater than 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
US06/838,935 1985-03-14 1986-03-12 Electrode for measuring the relative permittivity of a substance Expired - Fee Related US4677522A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8501270 1985-03-14
SE8501270A SE456613B (sv) 1985-03-14 1985-03-14 Elektrod for metning av relativ kapacitivitet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4677522A true US4677522A (en) 1987-06-30

Family

ID=20359504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/838,935 Expired - Fee Related US4677522A (en) 1985-03-14 1986-03-12 Electrode for measuring the relative permittivity of a substance

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4677522A (fr)
BE (1) BE904414A (fr)
GB (1) GB2172404A (fr)
SE (1) SE456613B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3920723A1 (de) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-10 Karlheinz Beckhausen Als profilkoerper ausgebildeter sensor
WO1995006917A1 (fr) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Equitrade Informations Systems Corporation Systeme informatise permettant de developper des scenarios d'echange de valeur nette de biens immobiliers a parties multiples
US5486319A (en) * 1993-12-29 1996-01-23 Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. Tire cure control system and method
US5582798A (en) * 1995-02-23 1996-12-10 Cyberlab Inc. Volume sensing device
US5722290A (en) * 1995-03-21 1998-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Closed-field capacitive liquid level sensor
US20040059669A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 2004-03-25 Ebs Dealing Resources, Inc. Credit management for electronic brokerage system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2868015A (en) * 1953-06-30 1959-01-13 John T Haropulos Capacitive step level indicator for conductive liquids
US3283577A (en) * 1964-06-29 1966-11-08 Honeywell Inc Divided capacitance probe level gauge
US3343415A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-09-26 Rosemount Eng Co Ltd Fluid level sensors

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3119266A (en) * 1960-11-10 1964-01-28 Duane E Atkinson Level indicating system, method and probe
DK138407B (da) * 1970-02-20 1978-08-28 Slagteriernes Forskningsinst Fremgangsmåde til bestemmelse af tykkelsen af spæk- og kødlag i slagtede dyrekroppe og måleapparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden.
CH538114A (de) * 1971-05-06 1973-06-15 Bauer Messinstrumente Ag Vorrichtung zur Digitalen, kapazitiven Messung der örtlichen Lage von Trennschichten zwischen mindestens zwei aneinandergrenzenden Medien
US3761803A (en) * 1971-12-23 1973-09-25 Texaco Inc Electrostatic field strength measuring apparatus
US3812424A (en) * 1972-09-27 1974-05-21 Ade Corp Capacitive wire gauge
US3986110A (en) * 1975-08-29 1976-10-12 Surface Systems, Inc. Water depth measuring device
US4063167A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-12-13 Avco Corporation Blade tip clearance measuring apparatus
US4093914A (en) * 1977-04-06 1978-06-06 General Electric Company Method of measuring parameters of a crystal filter
JPS55114962A (en) * 1979-02-28 1980-09-04 Ricoh Co Ltd Surface potentiometer

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2868015A (en) * 1953-06-30 1959-01-13 John T Haropulos Capacitive step level indicator for conductive liquids
US3343415A (en) * 1964-06-04 1967-09-26 Rosemount Eng Co Ltd Fluid level sensors
US3283577A (en) * 1964-06-29 1966-11-08 Honeywell Inc Divided capacitance probe level gauge

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3920723A1 (de) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-10 Karlheinz Beckhausen Als profilkoerper ausgebildeter sensor
US20040059669A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 2004-03-25 Ebs Dealing Resources, Inc. Credit management for electronic brokerage system
US20040059668A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 2004-03-25 Ebs Dealing Resources, Inc. Credit management for electronic brokerage system
US20050228748A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 2005-10-13 Ebs Dealing Resources, Inc. Credit management for electronic brokerage system
WO1995006917A1 (fr) * 1993-09-02 1995-03-09 Equitrade Informations Systems Corporation Systeme informatise permettant de developper des scenarios d'echange de valeur nette de biens immobiliers a parties multiples
US5486319A (en) * 1993-12-29 1996-01-23 Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. Tire cure control system and method
US5582798A (en) * 1995-02-23 1996-12-10 Cyberlab Inc. Volume sensing device
US5722290A (en) * 1995-03-21 1998-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Closed-field capacitive liquid level sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8604389D0 (en) 1986-03-26
SE456613B (sv) 1988-10-17
BE904414A (fr) 1986-06-30
SE8501270L (sv) 1986-09-15
GB2172404A (en) 1986-09-17
SE8501270D0 (sv) 1985-03-14

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Owner name: SKEGA AB, S-934 O2 ERSMARK, SWEDEN

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Effective date: 19860207

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Owner name: SVEDALA SKEGA AB, SWEDEN

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Effective date: 19951011

Owner name: OPTIGRADE I SKANDINAVIEN AB, SWEDEN

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Effective date: 19970811

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Effective date: 19990630

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Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362