US466720A - Stanley charles cuthbert currie - Google Patents
Stanley charles cuthbert currie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US466720A US466720A US466720DA US466720A US 466720 A US466720 A US 466720A US 466720D A US466720D A US 466720DA US 466720 A US466720 A US 466720A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- mercury
- insoluble
- zinc
- lead
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 54
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 30
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 20
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L Mercury(I) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 mercury silver Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Metam sodium Chemical compound [Na+].CNC([S-])=S AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N enalapril maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940008718 metallic mercury Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
Definitions
- My present invention relates to the manufacture of insoluble chlorides-such as those of lead, silver, and mercury or calomeldirect from the metals lead, silver, and morcury.
- the principal object of my invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, continuous, and expeditious method of electrolytically producing insoluble chloridessuch as those of lead, silver, and mercury (Hg Cl or calo- 1neldirect from the metals lead, silver, and mercury.
- insoluble chlorides such as those of lead, silver, and mercury (Hg Cl or calo- 1neldirect from the metals lead, silver, and mercury.
- A is a vase or cell.
- the B is a cup or other preferred form of receptacle, suitably supported in the vase or cell A and adapted to contain mercury.
- This receptacle B is made of a substance or material that is not in any Way affected by the mercury which it contains, or by the electrolyte, or by the chemical or electrical actions which takeplace in the cell A.
- the mercury contained in the vessel B is constituted an anode by immersing into it the extremity of a conductor leading from a dynamo or other source of electricity.
- the metal to be con verted intoan insoluble chloride, as lead, silver, or mercury, is constituted the anode in the electrolytic vase or cell.
- the cathode of the cell or vase may consist of any suitable substance or material, as lead or zinc.
- the metallic radical zinc is then deposited at the cathode, and may be subsequently recovered by a reversal of the electric current or in any other preferred manner, and the acid radical-in the present instance chlorine-goes to the anode and unites and chemically combines therewith, forming an insoluble chloride, as mercury or calomel, (Hg Cl chloride of lead, or chloride of silver: This insoluble chloride collects in the electrolytic vase or cell, and may be removed therefrom and Washed for subsequent use.
- My invention is distinguishable from the ordinary electrolytic action in the following particulars:
- the acid radical of the electrolyte appears in a gaseous state or condition at the anode if the latter is insoluble in the bath or electrolyte; but if the same is soluble in the bath or electrolyte then the acid radical does notappear as a gas, but the anode is disintegrated, and after being dissolved in the solution is deposited on the cathode. In other words, the anode is gradually transferred to the cathode.
- the salt formed at the anode-in the present instance insoluble mercurous chloride, chloride of silver, or chloride of lead- is not reduced and deposited at the cathode, but
- the operation of converting the anode into an insoluble chloride may be performedin anexceedinglyrapid manner.
- a neutral electrolyte such as a solution of chloride of zinc.
- My invention therefore comprises the improvement in the art of manufacturing insoluble chlorides-such as those of silver, lead, or of mercuryelectrolytically from mercury, silver, and lead, which consists in employing a neutral electrolyte-such as a solution of chloride of zinc alone or with another material or materials.
- My invention further comprises the process of manufacturing insoluble chlorides, such as mercury silver, or lead, which consists in constituting mercury, silver, or lead the anode in an electrolytic cell in a neutral solution of chloride of zincalone or with an added substance or materials, and electrolytically converting the mercury, silver, or lead into their respective insoluble chlorides.
- insoluble chlorides such as mercury silver, or lead
- My invention further comprises the process of manufacturing insoluble chlorides, such as mercury silver, or lead, which consists in constituting mercury, silver, or lead the anode in an electrolytic cell in a neutral solution of chloride of zincalone or with an added substance or materials, and electrolytically converting the mercury, silver, or lead into their respective insoluble chlorides.
- My invention further consists in the improvements in the manufacture of insoluble chlorides direct from the metals in the manner hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.
- an electrolytic cell A containing a neutral solution, such as chloride of zinc.
- Mercury is then constituted the anode of the cell by connecting the same with a conductor or placing the same in a suitable receptacle B in connection with the ployment of a zinc cathode.
- the cathode of the cell may be of any suitable material or substance; but, however, preference is given to the em-
- the passing of an electric current through the electrolyte causes a decomposition of the chloride of zinc into zinc and chlorine.
- the chlorine goes to the anode and uniting with mercury to form mercurous chloride, or calomel, as it is some times called, and the zinc goes to and is de posited upon the cathode.
- the calomel separates from the anode and is deposited in the vase or cell A, and may be removed therefrom and washed for use.
- the zinc may be recovered from the cathode and the electrolyte again brought to the neutral condition.
- the herein-described method of producing insoluble chlorides direct from the met-- als, which consists in constituting the metal or metals to be converted into a chloride or chlorides the anode in an electrolytic cell in a neutral chloride solution, andthen convertin g the metal or metals into an insoluble chloride or chlorides, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
- the herein-described method of producing insoluble chlorides direct from the metals, which consists in constituting the metal to be converted the anode in an electrolytic cell containing a neutral metallic chloride solution, such as chloride of zinc alone or' with another substance or materials, and then electrolyticallyconverting said metal into an insoluble chloride, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
- a neutral metallic chloride solution such as chloride of zinc alone or' with another substance or materials
- insoluble chlorides such as the chlorides of silver, lead, and mercury, which consists in constituting the metals to be converted as lead, silver, and mercury the anode in a neutral metallic chloride electrolyte or bath, as chloride of zinc, and electrolytically converting the metals into insoluble chlorides, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
S. O. 0. GURRIE.
PROCESS OF OBTAINING INSOLUBLE GHLORIDES BY ELEOTROLYSIS. No. 466,720. Patented Jan, 5, 1892.
5. M $32552? 5 1-: :2? 23511-2??? 9mm 53. Sari-Elli? M 32 1w: nonms PETERS co., wnorwuma, WASHINGTON n c UNIT D STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ASSIGNOR TO THE UNITED GAS PLACE.
IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, OF SAME PROCESS OF OBTAINING INSOLUBLE CHLORIDES BY ELECTROLYSIS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 466,720, dated January 5, 1892. Application filed April 24, 1891. Serial N0.390,292. (No model.) 7
T0 [LZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, STANLEY CHARLES CUTHBERT CURRIE, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, but now residing at the cityof Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Producing Insoluble Chlorides Direct from the Metals, of which the following is a specification.
My present invention relates to the manufacture of insoluble chlorides-such as those of lead, silver, and mercury or calomeldirect from the metals lead, silver, and morcury.
The principal object of my invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, continuous, and expeditious method of electrolytically producing insoluble chloridessuch as those of lead, silver, and mercury (Hg Cl or calo- 1neldirect from the metals lead, silver, and mercury.
In carrying my invention into effect use is made of an electrolytic vase or cell containing a neutral electrolyte, as a neutral solution of chloride of zinc. Any preferred form of electrolytic cell may be employed for this purpose; but for the sake of a further description of my invention I have illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing a central section of an electrolytic cell that has been found practically efficient, and have indicated in writing on said drawing the composition and arrangement of the respective parts in the production of chloride of mercury or calomel by my improved process.
In the drawing, A is a vase or cell.
B is a cup or other preferred form of receptacle, suitably supported in the vase or cell A and adapted to contain mercury. This receptacle B is made of a substance or material that is not in any Way affected by the mercury which it contains, or by the electrolyte, or by the chemical or electrical actions which takeplace in the cell A. The mercury contained in the vessel B is constituted an anode by immersing into it the extremity of a conductor leading from a dynamo or other source of electricity. The metal to be con verted intoan insoluble chloride, as lead, silver, or mercury, is constituted the anode in the electrolytic vase or cell. The cathode of the cell or vase may consist of any suitable substance or material, as lead or zinc. Preference, however, is given to the employment of a zinc cathode. The electrolytic cell is then subjected to the action of an electric current resulting in the decomposition of the electrolyte into its constituent radicals, which in the present instance is into metallic zinc and chlorine. The metallic radical zinc is then deposited at the cathode, and may be subsequently recovered by a reversal of the electric current or in any other preferred manner, and the acid radical-in the present instance chlorine-goes to the anode and unites and chemically combines therewith, forming an insoluble chloride, as mercury or calomel, (Hg Cl chloride of lead, or chloride of silver: This insoluble chloride collects in the electrolytic vase or cell, and may be removed therefrom and Washed for subsequent use.
My invention is distinguishable from the ordinary electrolytic action in the following particulars: In the ordinary electrolysis the acid radical of the electrolyte appears in a gaseous state or condition at the anode if the latter is insoluble in the bath or electrolyte; but if the same is soluble in the bath or electrolyte then the acid radical does notappear as a gas, but the anode is disintegrated, and after being dissolved in the solution is deposited on the cathode. In other words, the anode is gradually transferred to the cathode. In my process the salt formed at the anode-in the present instance insoluble mercurous chloride, chloride of silver, or chloride of lead-is not reduced and deposited at the cathode, but
collects in the vase or cell, from which it may be removed for use. Moreover, according to my invention the operation of converting the anode into an insoluble chloride may be performedin anexceedinglyrapid manner. These improved results-namely, the deposition in the vase or cell of the insoluble chlorides, such as the chlorides of silver, lead, or mercury-are attributable to the employment of a neutral electrolyte, such as a solution of chloride of zinc. In order to reduce the re sistan cc of the electrolyte, there may be mixed with the chloride of zincacertain proportion of chloride of sodium or of chloride of potassium; but, however, in practice preference is given to the employment of chloride of zinc.
My invention therefore comprises the improvement in the art of manufacturing insoluble chlorides-such as those of silver, lead, or of mercuryelectrolytically from mercury, silver, and lead, which consists in employing a neutral electrolyte-such as a solution of chloride of zinc alone or with another material or materials.
My invention further comprises the process of manufacturing insoluble chlorides, such as mercury silver, or lead, which consists in constituting mercury, silver, or lead the anode in an electrolytic cell in a neutral solution of chloride of zincalone or with an added substance or materials, and electrolytically converting the mercury, silver, or lead into their respective insoluble chlorides.
My invention further consists in the improvements in the manufacture of insoluble chlorides direct from the metals in the manner hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.
In order that the nature and objects of the invention may be more fully understood, a brief description of the process of electrolytically producing calomel direct from metallic mercury will now be given; but it must'be borne in mind that the invention is not confined to the production of calomel.
In practice use is made of an electrolytic cell A, containing a neutral solution, such as chloride of zinc. Mercury is then constituted the anode of the cell by connecting the same with a conductor or placing the same in a suitable receptacle B in connection with the ployment of a zinc cathode.
proper conductor. The cathode of the cell may be of any suitable material or substance; but, however, preference is given to the em- The passing of an electric current through the electrolyte causes a decomposition of the chloride of zinc into zinc and chlorine. The chlorine goes to the anode and uniting with mercury to form mercurous chloride, or calomel, as it is some times called, and the zinc goes to and is de posited upon the cathode. The calomel separates from the anode and is deposited in the vase or cell A, and may be removed therefrom and washed for use. The zinc may be recovered from the cathode and the electrolyte again brought to the neutral condition.
Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The herein-described method of producing insoluble chlorides direct from the met-- als, which consists in constituting the metal or metals to be converted into a chloride or chlorides the anode in an electrolytic cell in a neutral chloride solution, andthen convertin g the metal or metals into an insoluble chloride or chlorides, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The herein-described method of producing insoluble chlorides direct from the metals, which consists in constituting the metal to be converted the anode in an electrolytic cell containing a neutral metallic chloride solution, such as chloride of zinc alone or' with another substance or materials, and then electrolyticallyconverting said metal into an insoluble chloride, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. The herein-described method of producing insoluble chlorides, such as the chlorides of silver, lead, and mercury, which consists in constituting the metals to be converted as lead, silver, and mercury the anode in a neutral metallic chloride electrolyte or bath, as chloride of zinc, and electrolytically converting the metals into insoluble chlorides, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
STANLEY CHARLES CUTHBERT OURRIE.
\Vitnesses:
THOMAS M. SMITH, HERMANN BORMANN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US466720A true US466720A (en) | 1892-01-05 |
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US466720D Expired - Lifetime US466720A (en) | Stanley charles cuthbert currie |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4060419A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1977-11-29 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of forming silver halide grains by electrolysis |
US4102758A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-25 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of electrolytically forming silver halide grains utilizing a novel cathode |
US4102759A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-25 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of electrolytically forming silver halide grains utilizing a novel anode |
US4874483A (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1989-10-17 | Chiyoda Corporation | Process for the preparation of redox battery electrolyte and recovery of lead chloride |
US20050077805A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-14 | Dalebout William T. | Modular storage cabinet |
-
0
- US US466720D patent/US466720A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4060419A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1977-11-29 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of forming silver halide grains by electrolysis |
US4102758A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-25 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of electrolytically forming silver halide grains utilizing a novel cathode |
US4102759A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-25 | Polaroid Corporation | Method of electrolytically forming silver halide grains utilizing a novel anode |
US4874483A (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1989-10-17 | Chiyoda Corporation | Process for the preparation of redox battery electrolyte and recovery of lead chloride |
US20050077805A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-14 | Dalebout William T. | Modular storage cabinet |
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