US4658658A - Coil system for inductive measurement of the velocity of movement of a magnetized body - Google Patents

Coil system for inductive measurement of the velocity of movement of a magnetized body Download PDF

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Publication number
US4658658A
US4658658A US06/654,822 US65482284A US4658658A US 4658658 A US4658658 A US 4658658A US 65482284 A US65482284 A US 65482284A US 4658658 A US4658658 A US 4658658A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coils
axis
movement
rotation
coil system
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/654,822
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English (en)
Inventor
Johan K. Fremerey
Bernd Lindenau
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Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
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Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
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Assigned to KERNFORSCHUNGSANLAGE JULICH GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG reassignment KERNFORSCHUNGSANLAGE JULICH GESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRANKTER HAFTUNG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FREMEREY, JOHAN K., LINDENAU, BERND
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/50—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed
    • G01P3/52—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring linear speed by measuring amplitude of generated current or voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/12—Gyroscopes
    • Y10T74/1261—Gyroscopes with pick off
    • Y10T74/1279—Electrical and magnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coil system for the inductive measurement of the velocity of movement of a body which is magnetized at least in one region.
  • the magnetization generally produces an axis of magnetization which is oriented essentially parallel to a specified axis.
  • the coil system comprises a plurality of electrical coils, which are spatially separated from one another in the vicinity of magnetized regions of the body and at some distance from the body. This coil system generates induced voltages proportional to the velocity of movement of the body which voltages are measured or sensed by appropriate electrical circuitry.
  • Coil or winding systems are used especially for the lateral stabilization of rotors with magnetic bearings in gas friction vacuum meters, as described in the Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Volume 9, page 108 (1972), (1); Vacuum, Volume 32, page 685, 1982, (2), and also for the measurement of the rotation frequency of such rotors, as described in References (1) and (2) and in Proc. 7th International Vacuum Congress, Vienna 1977, Volume 1, page 157, (3). These documents are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the above-mentioned prior art rotors are magnetized essentially parallel to the axis of rotation.
  • the use of coil systems is not limited to the measurement of the movement velocity of rotating bodies.
  • a disadvantage of the coil systems described in the above-mentioned publications (1) and (3) is that they respond not only to the movement of the rotor which is desired to be measured, but simultaneously to other movements thereof, whereby fundamentally interfering noise signals can be superimposed upon the desired measurement signal.
  • the installation of compensation coils is necessary to obtain a usable measurement signal.
  • a total of four coils are provided, only two of which are used to compensate for the voltages induced by movements of a magnet located near the rotor.
  • the body is at least partly magnetized or which leads magnetic flux so as to produce a pole pair, whereby the induced voltages corresponding to the various coordinates of movement can be obtained with a minimum of mutual superposition, and simultaneously with complete insensitivity to externally generated interference fields.
  • the prior art problem is solved by this invention, in that there are provided a plurality of coils, at least four coils, being shown in a preferred embodiment.
  • a plurality of coils at least four coils, being shown in a preferred embodiment.
  • In the vicinity of each of the two magnetic poles of the body there are two coils each arranged symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the body, whereby the desired axis of rotation and the axis of the coils of the four coils lie in one plane, and run parallel to one another.
  • the velocity of movement, whether rotationally or translationally, of the body can be measured substantially entirely free of interfering influences.
  • the measurable movement coordinate is a function only of the interconnection of the coils.
  • the induced voltage corresponding to the coordinate of movement can always be obtained, while the induced voltages resulting from other directions of movement of the body can always be compensated.
  • the coils are connected in series or in a paralleling arrangement to add the induced voltages having the same polarity or phase.
  • Such a circuit is advantageously suited for the measurement of the velocity of translation movements of the body parallel to the axis of rotation. If the coils on one side of the axis of rotation are connected with the same polarity, and the coils on the other side of the axis of rotation are connected with the opposite polarity, then the coil system is used primarily for measurement of translation movement velocities of the body perpendicular to the axis of rotation and parallel to the plane in which the magnetic axes of the coils lie. For the purpose of measuring the rotational movement velocities of the body around an axis perpendicular to the plane in which the coil axes lie, the coils are connected with alternating polarity or phase.
  • Another embodiment of the coil system features the coils connected with an electronic network with phase-inverter amplifiers and summing amplifiers so that electrical signals can be called up on separate outputs of the network, which are proportional to the velocities of movement of the body parallel to the axis of rotation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation and parallel to the above-mentioned plane, as well as around an axis of rotation perpendicular to this plane.
  • the coil system is advantageously suited for measuring the frequency of rotation of a body around the axis of rotation, specifically for measuring the rotation frequency of rotors in gas friction vacuum meters.
  • precession and/or nutation movements can be measured on rotors which operate at high rotational frequencies.
  • FIG. 1 A coil system with four coils in one plane
  • FIG. 2 An electronic network for the coil system as illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 A coil system with eight coils in two planes
  • FIG. 4 A prior art permanent ferromagnetic suspension for a spinning rotor vacuum gauge
  • FIG. 5 A magnetic bearing suspension system with a control system which is connected to the coil system of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a coil system which is used to measure the velocity of movement of a magnetized body 1.
  • the body 1 is in the form of a steel ball which is supported by a magnetic bearing system to be shown infra, which ball is magnetized essentially parallel to a specified axis, the axis of magnetization 2.
  • the axis of magnetization 2 of the body 1 is only very slightly inclined in relation to the specified axis.
  • the axis of rotation 5 is shown by an arrow having a head 5a as the body 1 rotates about its axis of rotation 5, an arrow having a head 2a as and indicating the axis of magnetization 2, moves in a small circle 2b about the axis of rotation 5 of the body 1.
  • a coil system disposed at some distance from the body 1 has four coils 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, of which there are two coils each in the vicinity of the magnetic poles 4a, 4b formed by the magnetization of the body.
  • FIG. 1 the magnets, which are necessary for the magnetic support of the body 1, are not shown.
  • the coils 3a to 3d are arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic poles 4a, 4b, so that the axis of rotation 5 and the coil axes 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d of coils 3a to 3d all lie in one plane 7, and all these axes run parallel to one another in this plane.
  • the voltages induced in the coils 3a to 3b will be equal in amplitude but will have different phase relationships. If coils 3a and 3b are wound and connected identically, the phases thereof will be displaced from one another, as also will be the relationships of the voltages of the coils 3c and 3d. Since the magnetic flux density usually increases as the distance to the magnetic pole decreases, when the path or circle 2b generated by the magnetic pole 4a, for example, moves closer to the coil 3a, the peak amplitude or magnitude of the induced voltage therein increases while the corresponding voltage generated by the coil 3b decreases in magnitude.
  • induced voltages generally proportional to the velocity of movement of the body are produced.
  • the velocity of movement which can be measured at any time for a movement coordinate is a function of the circuitry of the coils.
  • all four coils are substantially inductively identical and the turns thereof are arranged with the same winding direction.
  • this is not a prerequisite for the desired mode of operation of the coil system since opposite winding directions and reversal of the connections will produce the same result. It is rather a question of the polarity or phase and amplitude of the induced voltages which are produced in the four coils, as will be described below.
  • induced voltages of identical polarity or phase and amplitude are induced in the coils 3a and 3c.
  • the coils 3a and 3c are disposed in the plane 7 to the left of the axis of rotation 5, designated as a side 7' in FIG. 1 of the plane 7. This is because the one magnetic pole, e.g., the magnetic north pole, moves toward one of these coils, while the other magnetic pole, e.g., the magnetic south pole, simultaneously moves away from the other coil.
  • the same signals are induced in the coils 3b, 3d, which in FIG.
  • the polarity of the induced voltages produced by the movement of the body in the four coils can be represented by a series of mathematical signs corresponding to each coil 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.
  • the polarization diagram for the coil system will always be indicated in the following sequence: coil 3a, coil 3b, coil 3c, coil 3d.
  • the polarization diagram (++++) then applies, or (----), which means the same thing. Therefore, as a result of appropriate series or other connection of all four coils, an induced voltage can be obtained having characteristics which are proportional to the translation movement velocity of the rotor in the direction of a movement coordinate, which runs parallel to the axis of rotation 5.
  • the magnetic body 1 in the coil arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 makes lateral translation movements, i.e., so that the body moves perpendicular to the axis of rotation 5, the axis of rotation 5 is therefore displaced parallel, specifically when there is a parallel displacement of the axis of rotation 5 within the coil plane 7, then induced voltages with opposite polarity will be induced in the coils 3a and 3c on side 7" of plane 7, because the poles 4a, 4b of the body 1, magnetized in the opposite direction, execute a movement which is in the same direction in relation to coils 3a and 3c. The same is true of the coils 3b and 3d on side 7" of the plane 7.
  • a measurement voltage can be obtained which is proportional to the velocity of movement of the body in the plane 7 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 5.
  • the circuitry of the coil system described immediately above is particularly suited for measuring the frequency of rotation of a rotor around its axis of rotation.
  • a prerequisite--as mentioned above-- is that there is only a small angular deviation between the axis of rotation 5 and the axis of magnetization 2 of the rotor. Then the movement of the axis of magnetization 2 projected on the plane 7 has the same effect as a periodic rotational movement of the rotor with a small angular amplitude around a line normal to the plane 7.
  • the measuring frequency is then equal to the frequency of rotation.
  • the polarization diagrams indicated show the required circuitries of the coil system described by the invention for the determination of the velocity of movement of the body in the direction of an assigned movement coordinate, i.e., so that when there is a corresponding connection, an induced voltage is obtained which is proportional to the velocity of movement in one of the movement coordinates. There is always compensation for the induced voltages resulting from other movement directions, which do not correspond to the measured movement coordinates.
  • a measurement of translation movements in the direction of the axis of rotation 5 which is insensitive to external interference fields can be achieved by an arrangement in which the coil pairs 3a, 3b and 3c, 3d are located in the vicinity of like magnetic poles 4a, 4b.
  • the corresponding polarization diagram in this case is (++--) or (--++).
  • FIG. 2 An electronic network as illustrated in FIG. 2 can be used.
  • the induced voltages obtained in the coils 3a to 3d are first pre-amplified by means of the amplifiers 8a to 8d. Then, by means of the phase-inverter amplifiers 9a, 9b, 9c, voltages of the opposite polarity are obtained.
  • FIG. 3 Two coil systems with two planes 7 and 7 1 , which planes intersect at an angle 12 of 90°, at the axis of rotation 5 of a cylindrical body 1 1 in the example are illustrated in FIG. 3. With such a coil system, the movement of the cylindrical body 1 1 can be measured in all six movement coordinates.
  • the two systems of four coils each are disposed in planes. One of these systems of four coils is disposed in a plane 7 1 , and another system of four coils is disposed in a plane 7. Two coils of each system are disposed in the vicinity of each magnetic pole. 4a, 4b of the cylindrical body 1 1 .
  • An additional set of four coils 3a', 3b', 3c' and 3d' are disposed in the plane 7 1 , substantially similarly to the coils 3a through 3d as disposed in the plane 7.
  • Such a coil system is particularly suited for determining the direction of rotation of the rotating body, since the rotating axis of magnetization 2 in the coil system causes a phase shift of the induced voltages produced, which corresponds to the direction of rotation. This is of importance for the recognition and preparation of signals which are produced by precession and nutation movements of rotors with a high rotation frequency. Measurement signals of this type can be used in connection with electronic drive elements to damp such movements as shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a permanent ferromagnetic suspension spinning rotor vacuum gauge according to the prior art having a rotor R, permanent magnets M, vacuum enclosure V, pick-up coils A for pick-up of axial rotor position and for control thereof, coils L for damping, drive coils D and pick-up coils P.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a magnetic bearing suspension system 51 according to and well-known in the prior art, with the present measuring system 53 having coils 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3a', 3b', 3c' and 3d' connected thereto.
  • a prior art control system 55 is connected between the measuring system 53 and the magnetic bearing suspension system 51 such that the voltages induced in the coils 3a-3d control the position of the cylindrical body 1 1 .
  • the shaft 5 and the suspension system 51 may be horizontal as well as vertical as shown.
  • phase sensitive detector or demodulator using one of the induced coil voltages, such as, from coil 3a may be used as a reference for detecting or demodulating the phase and amplitude of the other coil voltages with relation to the reference and then sensing or measuring the rovement of the body 1 or 1 1 .
  • the body 1 is externally magnetized such as by a magnetic field external thereto and also where the body 1 or 1 1 comprises a non-homogeneously ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or diamagnetic material and/or a partially non-magnetic material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
US06/654,822 1983-09-26 1984-09-26 Coil system for inductive measurement of the velocity of movement of a magnetized body Expired - Lifetime US4658658A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3334750 1983-09-26
DE3334750A DE3334750C2 (de) 1983-09-26 1983-09-26 Spulensystem zur induktiven Abtastung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit eines magnetisierten Körpers

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US4658658A true US4658658A (en) 1987-04-21

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US (1) US4658658A (ru)
EP (1) EP0142676B1 (ru)
JP (1) JPS60105968A (ru)
AT (1) ATE43009T1 (ru)
CA (1) CA1231255A (ru)
DE (1) DE3334750C2 (ru)
DK (1) DK166050C (ru)
IL (1) IL73047A (ru)
SU (1) SU1452497A3 (ru)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1422492A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-26 Mecos Traxler AG Device for contact-less measurement of distances in multiple directions
US20170299410A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Voltage-Tunable 1D Electro-Magnet Potential and Probe System with Parallel Dipole Line Trap

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4032717A1 (de) * 1989-12-13 1991-06-27 Roger Schult Bewegungsgroessensensor mit detektoreinrichtung fuer magnetische felder
DE4343575C2 (de) * 1993-12-21 1995-10-19 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Gasreibungsvakuummeter mit um eine ortsfeste Rotationsachse rotierendem Gasreibungssensor
DE19653640A1 (de) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Prüfeinrichtung für einen Radsensor
DE102007062481A1 (de) 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung e.V. Verfahren zur Gasdruckmessung in evakuierten Verglasungen nach dem Gasreibungsprinzip
KR20160007912A (ko) 2014-07-10 2016-01-21 주식회사 세나코 선박용 연료펌프 플런저 및 배기밸브 제어 시스템
CN104597280B (zh) * 2015-01-27 2017-12-22 北京空间机电研究所 一种负压弹盖拉伞的试验装置和试验方法

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US2785573A (en) * 1955-06-02 1957-03-19 Protocorp Inc Gas-floated gyroscopes
US3283587A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-11-08 Gen Precision Inc Acceleration measuring gyroscope
US3470399A (en) * 1968-06-17 1969-09-30 Ibm Linear motor velocity detection apparatus
US3490297A (en) * 1966-03-23 1970-01-20 Martin Marietta Corp Dual-rotor inertial sensor
US3540293A (en) * 1968-01-04 1970-11-17 Bendix Corp Combination gyroscope and accelerometer
SU627363A1 (ru) * 1977-05-03 1978-10-05 Предприятие П/Я Р-6603 Вакууметр
US4259871A (en) * 1977-06-06 1981-04-07 Societe De Fabrication D'instruments De Mesure S.F.I.M. Gyroscopes
CH631812A5 (fr) * 1979-06-12 1982-08-31 Battelle Memorial Institute Dispositif pour mesurer des parametres caracteristiques de la vitesse d'une ecriture manuscrite.
US4395914A (en) * 1980-05-21 1983-08-02 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gmbh Gas friction vacuum meter and method of making measuring body

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DE2738011C3 (de) * 1977-08-23 1982-04-22 Vsesojuznyj naučno-issledovatel'skij institut stroitel'nogo i dorožnogo mašinostroenija, Moskva Induktiver Meßtransformator
JPS5953503B2 (ja) * 1978-07-25 1984-12-25 三菱電機株式会社 回転検出装置
CH631817A5 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-08-31 Oehler Wyhlen Lagertechnik Owl Method and device for the position control of load converters

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US2785573A (en) * 1955-06-02 1957-03-19 Protocorp Inc Gas-floated gyroscopes
US3283587A (en) * 1963-12-19 1966-11-08 Gen Precision Inc Acceleration measuring gyroscope
US3490297A (en) * 1966-03-23 1970-01-20 Martin Marietta Corp Dual-rotor inertial sensor
US3540293A (en) * 1968-01-04 1970-11-17 Bendix Corp Combination gyroscope and accelerometer
US3470399A (en) * 1968-06-17 1969-09-30 Ibm Linear motor velocity detection apparatus
SU627363A1 (ru) * 1977-05-03 1978-10-05 Предприятие П/Я Р-6603 Вакууметр
US4259871A (en) * 1977-06-06 1981-04-07 Societe De Fabrication D'instruments De Mesure S.F.I.M. Gyroscopes
CH631812A5 (fr) * 1979-06-12 1982-08-31 Battelle Memorial Institute Dispositif pour mesurer des parametres caracteristiques de la vitesse d'une ecriture manuscrite.
US4395914A (en) * 1980-05-21 1983-08-02 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gmbh Gas friction vacuum meter and method of making measuring body

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Fremerey, J. K., High Vacuum Gas Friction Manometer, The Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 108-111.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1422492A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-26 Mecos Traxler AG Device for contact-less measurement of distances in multiple directions
WO2004048883A1 (en) 2002-11-22 2004-06-10 Mecos Traxler Ag Device for contact-less measurement of distances in multiple directions
US20060152320A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2006-07-13 Philipp Buhler Evaluation device and vibration damper for a racket
US7355501B2 (en) 2002-11-22 2008-04-08 Mecos Traxler Ag Evaluation device and vibration damper for a racket
US20170299410A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 International Business Machines Corporation Voltage-Tunable 1D Electro-Magnet Potential and Probe System with Parallel Dipole Line Trap
US10082408B2 (en) * 2016-04-18 2018-09-25 International Business Machines Corporation Voltage-tunable 1D electro-magnet potential and probe system with parallel dipole line trap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK166050B (da) 1993-03-01
DE3334750A1 (de) 1985-04-11
JPH0437953B2 (ru) 1992-06-22
DK458884D0 (da) 1984-09-25
EP0142676A1 (de) 1985-05-29
DK166050C (da) 1993-07-12
JPS60105968A (ja) 1985-06-11
IL73047A0 (en) 1984-12-31
ATE43009T1 (de) 1989-05-15
IL73047A (en) 1988-11-15
DK458884A (da) 1985-03-27
DE3334750C2 (de) 1986-12-18
EP0142676B1 (de) 1989-05-10
SU1452497A3 (ru) 1989-01-15
CA1231255A (en) 1988-01-12

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