US4627770A - Gear cutter - Google Patents

Gear cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
US4627770A
US4627770A US06/470,485 US47048583A US4627770A US 4627770 A US4627770 A US 4627770A US 47048583 A US47048583 A US 47048583A US 4627770 A US4627770 A US 4627770A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
face
cutter head
cutting
cutter
tooth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/470,485
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English (en)
Inventor
Erich Kotthaus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4214840&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US4627770(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG filed Critical Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Assigned to WERKZEUGMASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON-BUEHRLE AG; A SWISS CORP. reassignment WERKZEUGMASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON-BUEHRLE AG; A SWISS CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KOTTHAUS, ERICH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/12—Milling tools
    • B23F21/22—Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
    • B23F19/005—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning using a face-mill-type tool, e.g. a milling or a grinding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
    • B23F9/10—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B23F9/08—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob
    • B23F9/10—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill
    • B23F9/105—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction by milling, e.g. with helicoidal hob with a face-mill with continuous indexing, i.e. with continuous work rotation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/17—Gear cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1705—Face mill gear cutting tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/17—Gear cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1705—Face mill gear cutting tool
    • Y10T407/171—Adjustable teeth

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new and improved method of configuring, shaping or forming the tooth bearing pattern or localized tooth contact of gears containing teeth of a cycloidally arcuate shape as well as a face cutter head for performing the method.
  • such in its more particular aspects is of the type comprising the steps of cutting tooth gaps or spaces by using a rotating face cutter head or face-mill gear cutter having a rotational axis about which the face cutter head rotates, and provided with cutters or cutter blades which have inner and outer cutting edges for machining the outer and inner tooth flanks of the gear teeth.
  • such in its more particular aspects concerns an improved face cutter head or face-mill gear cutter useful for carrying out the method as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • a method of and a cutter head pair for lengthwise crowning of the longitudinally curved gear teeth of a pair of bevel gears or hypoid gears is known, for example, from Swiss Pat. No. 417,284.
  • the crowning of the teeth is achieved by inclining the cutter head rotational axis in a radial plane extending through a selected computation point of a tooth flank. Since the cutter head rotational axis no longer extends perpendicularly with respect to the crown gear plane, the end regions of the tooth gaps or spaces are cut somewhat deeper into the gear blank.
  • the tooth bearing pattern may be kept under control by suitable choice of the crowning as long as the orientation angle of the cutters, i.e. the angle through which the cutters are rotated with respect to a corresponding cutter radius, assume modest values.
  • the method of configuring or forming the tooth bearing pattern of gears of the present development is manifested by the features that, the cutting edges--inner and outer cutting edges--of the cutters or cutter blades are arranged such that an end facing the base of the tooth space leads the other end of the same cutting edge as seen in the cutting direction.
  • the face cutter head of the present development for configuring or forming the tooth bearing pattern of gears having teeth of a cycloidal arcuate shape is manifested by the features that, cutters or cutter blades are arranged in the face cutter head. Each of the cutters have an inner cutting edge and an outer cutting edge. There is also defined a cutter radius and an orientation line.
  • the orientation line and the cutter radius define a plane which is parallel to an end face of said face cutter head.
  • a normal plane extends perpendicular relative to said orientation line, and said orientation line intersects said cutter radius in the normal plane and is inclined towards said cutter radius by an orientation angle.
  • a projection of at least one of said cutting edges on said normal plane appears inclined by an undercut angle towards a line extending normally with respect to said plane which is parallel to said end face, such that an end of said cutting edge remote from said end face leads, as viewed in the direction of movement of said end cutter head.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the geometric conditions prevailing in the gear cutting method according to the invention using the face cutter head according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a more extended representation of the illustration shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows in perspective view part of an face cutter head or face-mill gear cutter according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a further illustration of the geometric conditions as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show different tooth depth profiles
  • FIG. 7 shows different tooth bearing patterns occurring at a tooth.
  • FIG. 1 such constitutes a simplified illustration of the most important elements or parts needed for carrying out the method according to the invention as well as indicating part of the most important magnitudes which are required for calculation of the method according to the invention.
  • a crown or face gear i.e. a contrate gear
  • the crown gear 1 meshes in a manner known as such with a bevel gear or pinion to be cut which has not been shown.
  • the center of the cone of the bevel gear coincides with the axis 2 of the crown gear 1.
  • the crown gear 1 is defined or limited by the circles 3 and 4.
  • the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1 corresponds to the pitch plane of the crown gear 1 so that the teeth 5 will be recognized in section and the tooth gaps or spaces 6 in a top plan view.
  • FIG. 1 is intended to show, for example, the geometric conditions prevailing during cutting the outer flanks 8 of the teeth 5. Therefore, the computation point 7 is located on an outer tooth flank 8 or, more precisely, on a longitudinal line 9 of a tooth which appears where the outer flank 8 intersects the pitch plane of the crown gear 1.
  • the computation point 7 is selected so as to be located in a central plane of the crown gear 1 which, in this case, is represented by a median or central line 10.
  • a face cutter head or face-mill gear cutter is shown schematically in FIG. 1 by an arm 11.
  • the arm 11 carries a cutter or cutter blade (not shown) of which only the pitch point 12 of an inner cutting edge is illustrated.
  • the pitch point 12 coincides with the computation point 7.
  • the arm 11 rotates about a rotational axis 13. Since this is a continuous cutting process, the arm 11 rolls with a small generating circle or epicycle 14 on a large generating circle or base circle 15.
  • the pitch point 12 at the inner cutting edge describes a cycloid-shaped path corresponding to the longitudinal tooth line 9.
  • FIG. 2 again part of the crown gear 1 will be recognized which may be rotated about the crown gear axis 2 and which is represented in this case only by the circles 3 and 4 and the center or median line 10.
  • the computation point 7 will be recognized which coincides with the pitch point 12 of a cutter or cutter blade 16.
  • the cutter 16 appears in the drawing in section in the pitch plane of the crown gear 1 which coincides with the plane of the drawing.
  • the cutter 16 is shown as seen from the side at 17 when folded out or flipped-over.
  • the cutting edge 18 thereof will be recognized, which cutting edge is assumed for the present considerations to lie in a plane which is normal to the plane of the drawing. Therefore, the cutting edge 18 appears as a projection 181 in the plane of the drawing.
  • a useful cutting edge would appear as a projection 182 or 183 in the plane of the drawing.
  • This assumption has only been made for simplicity of illustration.
  • the projection 182, 183 of the respective cutting edges will become apparent at an acute angle ⁇ or ⁇ ' respectively, which is inclined with respect to an orientation line 22.
  • the small generating circle 14 and the large generating circle 15 as well as the rotational axis 13 of the face cutter head will be evident.
  • the cutter 16 is shown in two further positions 161 and 162.
  • the cutting direction is indicated by an arrow 65.
  • the cycloid 20 intermediate the circles 3 and 4 will be significant for the present discussion.
  • certain effects can be shown better, if the cycloid is considered between the circles 321 and 322.
  • the rotational axis 13 will assume further positions 131 and 132, respectively, while the small generating circle 14 rolls along the large generating circle 15.
  • the distance between the rotational axis 13 and the pitch point 12 of the cutter 16 is denoted as the cutter radius r w .
  • the connection between the pitch point 12 and a contact point 21 of the two generating circles 14 and 15 is denoted as the orientation line 22.
  • the orientation line 22 is inclined by an orientation angle ⁇ w towards the cutter radius r w and determines the orientation of the cutting or rake surface 19 of the cutter 16 in the end cutter head.
  • the cutting surface 19 may deviate from this position if a cutting or rake angle is intended having a value larger than 0°.
  • Further contact points 211 and 212 correspond to the positions 161 and 162, respectively, of the cutter 16. To these correspond further orientation lines 221 and 222, respectively.
  • a tangent 23 to the cycloid 20 extends normally to the orientation line 22 at the computation point 7.
  • a tangent 231 to the cycloid 20 extends normally to a connecting line 24 which connects the contact point 211 to the pitch 121 of the cutter 16 in the position 161.
  • This connecting line 24, however, is only inclined by an angle ⁇ wi to the cutter radius r w .
  • a tangent 232 to the cycloid 20 in the position 162 of the cutter 16 extends normally to a connecting line 25 between the contact point 212 and the reference point 122.
  • This connecting line 25 is inclined by an angle ⁇ wA towards the cutter radius r w .
  • FIG. 3 shows part of an face cutter head or face-mill gear cutter 26 into which, for better clarity, only a single cutter 27 and, as compared to the face cutter head diameter, having an exaggerated size, is inserted.
  • the cutter 27 protrudes from an end face 28 of the face cutter head 26 and is mounted in conventional manner in a slot 29.
  • the face cutter head 26 may be rotated about a rotational axis 30. Rotation is in the direction of the arraow 31.
  • a selected point at the outer cutting edge 33 of the cutter 27 is designated by reference numeral 32. This point, however, may be selected at any random location along the outer cutting edge 33. For better clarity that point has now been selected so as to be located at the end face 28 of the face cutter head 26.
  • a cutter radius r w as well as an orientation line 34 inclined thereto by an orientation angle ⁇ w are located in the end face 28 and intersect at the point 32.
  • a normal plane 35 extends through the point 32 and perpendicularly with respect to the orientation line 34.
  • the outer cutting edge 33 appears as a projection 36 which is shown to be extended upwardly somewhat.
  • a line extending normally with respect to the end face 28 and through the point 32 is designated by reference numeral 37.
  • the corresponding projection of an outer cutting edge 38 arranged in a manner as known heretofore will be located on this line. It will be seen that the projection 36 is inclined with respect to the line 37 by an undercut angle ⁇ u .
  • the end 64 of the cutting edge 33 leads the point 32.
  • FIG. 4 the cycloidal tip or addendum flank line 39, the cycloidal pitch circle flank line 40 and the cycloidal root flank line 41 of a tooth flank 42 are indicated.
  • Such cycloidal flank lines correspond to the circles or cycloids cut by cutting edges 33 arranged in the known manner.
  • the tip points 45 and the root points 46 of the cutting edge 44 will describe different circular or cycloidal arcs 47 and 48, respectively.
  • a curved tooth depth line 49 as shown exaggerated in the drawing, will result as will be evident from the folded-over representation 50. It will be recognized that the end of the cutting edge 44 which is associated with the tooth base, i.e. the root point 46, leads the tip point 45.
  • a tooth depth profile 52 has been produced with a positive undercut angle.
  • a tooth 54 will be recognized which shows an optimum tooth bearing pattern or localized tooth contact 56 at the inner flank 55 thereof.
  • a tooth bearing pattern 57 By cutting teeth at a positive undercut angle ⁇ u a less favorable tooth bearing pattern 57 can be transformed into a more favorable tooth bearing pattern 56.
  • a cutter 27 or a number thereof are inserted into a face cutter head 26 in such a manner that the outer and/or inner cutting edges 33, 58 thereof are arranged at an undercut angle ⁇ u towards a perpendicular line 37. Then, the face cutter head 26 is chucked to a gear cutting machine which is known as such and therefore not described here in any further detail. Between the face cutter head 26 and a gear blank or an imaginary crown gear 1 to be imagined in place of the latter the following procedures occur as described hereinafter.
  • the cutter 27 or, respectively, for example a pitch point 12 rotates with respect to the rotational axis 13 (FIG. 1) or 30 (FIG. 3) of face end cutter head 26 on a circle or arc 59 having the cutter radius r w (see FIG. 1).
  • the crown gear 1 also rotates, but about the crown gear axis 2.
  • the crown gear 1 and the face cutter head 26 or, respectively, the arm 11 rotate relative to each other in the ratio of the radii of the respective generating or rolling circles 15 and 14, respectively.
  • the root point 61 again appears as points 601 and 602, respectively.
  • the root point 61 of the cutting edge 18 describes a cycloid 62 which intersects the cycloid 20 of another point on the cutting edge 18 since the cycloid 62 extends from the point 601 through the point 60 to the point 602.
  • the folded-over positions 262 and 263 of the cutting edge 18 about the orientation line 221 and 222, respectively, indicate the twist of the tooth flank at the pitch point 121 and 122, respectively.
  • the twisting angles ⁇ 121 , ⁇ 122 at this location will also be recognized.
  • the number of teeth z w of the tool This is understood as the number of groups of cutters or cutter blades (outer and inner cutters) contained in the face cutter head.
  • the width b of the crown gear follows from the difference of the radii R A and R i .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
US06/470,485 1982-03-16 1983-02-28 Gear cutter Expired - Fee Related US4627770A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH162682 1982-03-16
CH1626/82 1982-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4627770A true US4627770A (en) 1986-12-09

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ID=4214840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/470,485 Expired - Fee Related US4627770A (en) 1982-03-16 1983-02-28 Gear cutter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4627770A (de)
EP (1) EP0088879B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58165920A (de)
BR (1) BR8301287A (de)
CA (1) CA1181277A (de)
DE (1) DE3363133D1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6335503B1 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-01-01 Dana Corporation Method for manufacturing forging die for making net formed gears with predetermined tooth contact area
US6602115B2 (en) 2001-01-03 2003-08-05 The Boeing Company Tool and method for precision grinding of a conical face gear that meshes with a conical involute pinion
CN117721658A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-19 无锡学院 一种基于摆线的热磨机磨片及其设计方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19840969C2 (de) * 1998-09-08 2002-11-28 Oerlikon Geartec Ag Zuerich Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum optoelektronischen Ermitteln der Tragbilder an Zahnflanken von Zahnrädern
DE19910231C1 (de) * 1999-03-09 2000-05-04 Klingelnberg Soehne Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung von Späneansammlungen an einem Stabmesserkopf
EP2314405B1 (de) * 2009-10-05 2012-12-26 Klingelnberg AG Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Kegelrädern mit Hypozykloidverzahnung im kontinuierlichen Formverfahren unter Verwendung entsprechender Werkzeuge
EP2535134B1 (de) * 2011-06-16 2018-01-24 Klingelnberg AG Verfahren zum Vorverzahnen mehrerer unterschiedlicher Kegelräder
JP5978487B2 (ja) * 2014-06-25 2016-08-24 大竹技研株式会社 ハイポイドギヤ
CN115961313A (zh) * 2023-03-01 2023-04-14 盐城市电子设备厂有限公司 电解锌小刀预开口装置

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US22891A (en) * 1859-02-08 Bedington
US1876167A (en) * 1929-08-28 1932-09-06 Reo Motor Car Co Apparatus for correcting gears
US1969843A (en) * 1931-01-02 1934-08-14 Gleason Works Cutter for and method of cutting gears
US2135893A (en) * 1936-03-06 1938-11-08 Goddard & Goddard Company Inc Gear cutter
US2274761A (en) * 1937-04-17 1942-03-03 Gleason Works Gear cutter and method of cutting gears
US2346807A (en) * 1939-06-16 1944-04-18 Gleason Works Method of cutting gears
US2353768A (en) * 1942-04-02 1944-07-18 Gleason Works Gear cutter
USRE22891E (en) 1947-06-24 Gear cutter
US2497923A (en) * 1943-01-11 1950-02-21 Peter P Bazarnic Method of and apparatus for forming teeth of spiral or hypoid bevel gears
DE755571C (de) * 1936-06-02 1954-05-17 Gleason Works Mittels eines Messerkopfes geschrupptes und geschlichtetes, aber noch nicht gelaepptes Spiralkegel- oder Hyperboloidzahnrad
US2932239A (en) * 1956-06-04 1960-04-12 Wildhaber Ernest Face hob and method of hobbing straight-tooth bevel gears
US4060881A (en) * 1976-11-15 1977-12-06 The Gleason Works Cutter head assembly for gear cutting machines

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US22891A (en) * 1859-02-08 Bedington
USRE22891E (en) 1947-06-24 Gear cutter
US1876167A (en) * 1929-08-28 1932-09-06 Reo Motor Car Co Apparatus for correcting gears
US1969843A (en) * 1931-01-02 1934-08-14 Gleason Works Cutter for and method of cutting gears
US2135893A (en) * 1936-03-06 1938-11-08 Goddard & Goddard Company Inc Gear cutter
DE755571C (de) * 1936-06-02 1954-05-17 Gleason Works Mittels eines Messerkopfes geschrupptes und geschlichtetes, aber noch nicht gelaepptes Spiralkegel- oder Hyperboloidzahnrad
US2274761A (en) * 1937-04-17 1942-03-03 Gleason Works Gear cutter and method of cutting gears
US2346807A (en) * 1939-06-16 1944-04-18 Gleason Works Method of cutting gears
US2353768A (en) * 1942-04-02 1944-07-18 Gleason Works Gear cutter
US2497923A (en) * 1943-01-11 1950-02-21 Peter P Bazarnic Method of and apparatus for forming teeth of spiral or hypoid bevel gears
US2932239A (en) * 1956-06-04 1960-04-12 Wildhaber Ernest Face hob and method of hobbing straight-tooth bevel gears
US4060881A (en) * 1976-11-15 1977-12-06 The Gleason Works Cutter head assembly for gear cutting machines

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6335503B1 (en) 2000-05-26 2002-01-01 Dana Corporation Method for manufacturing forging die for making net formed gears with predetermined tooth contact area
US6602115B2 (en) 2001-01-03 2003-08-05 The Boeing Company Tool and method for precision grinding of a conical face gear that meshes with a conical involute pinion
US6951501B2 (en) 2001-01-03 2005-10-04 The Boeing Company Method for forming a grinding worm for forming a conical face gear that meshes with a conical involute pinion
CN117721658A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-19 无锡学院 一种基于摆线的热磨机磨片及其设计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58165920A (ja) 1983-10-01
EP0088879A1 (de) 1983-09-21
CA1181277A (en) 1985-01-22
DE3363133D1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0088879B1 (de) 1986-04-23
BR8301287A (pt) 1983-11-22

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Owner name: WERKZEUGMASCHINENFABRIK OERLIKON-BUEHRLE AG; 8050

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Effective date: 19901209