US4616566A - Secondary high explosive booster, and method of making and method of using same - Google Patents
Secondary high explosive booster, and method of making and method of using same Download PDFInfo
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- US4616566A US4616566A US06/658,266 US65826684A US4616566A US 4616566 A US4616566 A US 4616566A US 65826684 A US65826684 A US 65826684A US 4616566 A US4616566 A US 4616566A
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- booster
- explosive
- secondary high
- detonation
- high explosive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
- F42B1/04—Detonator charges not forming part of the fuze
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
Definitions
- the field of this invention is explosive boosters, and in a more specific vein, secondary high explosive boosters of such density that the boosters are capable of both accepting a detonation as well as donating it.
- boosters are used, for example, within wellbores in the oil and gas industry.
- Explosives are substances capable of exerting, by their characteristic high-velocity reactions, sudden high pressures.
- chemical explosive compounds each one with characteristics that determine the conditions under which it can advantageously be used. Accordingly, a particular explosive compound may be more desirable for use in one situation than in another, and a different explosive compound will be better suited for use under the other situation's conditions.
- all types of explosives have at least one characteristic in common: they require some sort of activation, by application of one or more externally supplied stimuli such as heat, flame, electrical discharge, impact or shock to initiate their explosive reactions.
- the present invention has to do principally with the employment of high explosives in the oil and gas industry.
- high explosives are characterized by their exhibition, when appropriately stimulated, of an explosive reaction which takes place within a high-velocity shockwave known as the "detonation wave” or “reaction shock period”.
- This wave generally propagates at a constant velocity, typically faster than the speed of sound in the high explosive material, depending on the chemistry of the explosive, its density and its physical state. Pressures generated by detonation range up to several millions of psi.
- Primary high explosives are used to detonate other high explosives.
- the reaction in a primary high explosive is typically initiated by a relatively weak mechanical shock or by a spark.
- Such explosives first burn or deflagrate for a few micro-seconds, then detonate.
- the treatment and handling of primary high explosives require great care. This is due to their high sensitivity and thus tendency to detonate prematurely, and their tendency towards degradation (through oxidation) when exposed to high temperatures over a period of time.
- Secondary high explosives are used in preference to primary high explosives whenever possible. Secondary high explosives are advantageous because they yield higher outputs of energy than primary high explosives. Also, unlike primary high explosives, they can only be detonated in response to (1) a shock wave moving faster than the speed of sound therein, or (2) a deflagration thereof which is transformed into a detonation by confinement of the deflagrating high explosive leading to a sufficient pressure increase accompanied by a sufficiently increased burn rate. In the absence of such stimuli they are relatively stable. Detonation of a secondary high explosive depends in large measure on its confinement, the rate of heat dissipation, and the nature of the explosive itself.
- High explosive charges of the secondary type have many different applications in the oil and gas industry; typical uses include perforating a well casing to complete or test a formation, severing tubing in a wellbore, breaking up unretrievable junk downhole and extinguishing fires at wild wells. Due to the time and expense involved in carrying out such operations, and to the power of the explosives, it is essential that the performance of the explosives be as safe and reliable as possible. Furthermore, it is important that secondary high explosive materials be resistant to the extremes of temperature encountered in the typical wellbore environment lest such conditions degrade the operation of those materials.
- the aforementioned guns are quite often not used singly, but rather, in the form of a string of guns secured to one another in succession.
- a string is lowered down a borehole in order to perform the various functions mentioned above as those for which secondary high explosives are typically used; it is not unusual for the string to be one thousand to two thousand feet long.
- the component guns in that string are attached to one another by couplings so that the detonation cords within adjacent guns are in effective abutment, thereby permitting transfer of a detonation from the first gun to the second gun by transmitting the detonation from one detonating cord to the other.
- the component guns in that string are attached to one another by couplings so that the detonation cords within adjacent guns are in effective abutment, thereby permitting transfer of a detonation from the first gun to the second gun by transmitting the detonation from one detonating cord to the other.
- the component guns due to the length of the string and weight of its component guns, as the
- a booster is coupled to each of the opposed ends of the two detonating cords. This is done to enable the transfer downhole of a detonation from the detonating cord of one perforating gun to the detonating cord of an adjacent gun. It is the utilization of boosters in connection with secondary high explosives which raises the basic difficulties addressed by the present invention.
- boosters were all of uniform construction, each including a charge of primary high explosive such as lead azide positioned at the innermost extremity of a metal cup, with an adjacent charge of secondary high explosive.
- primary high explosive such as lead azide
- secondary high explosive Such boosters were bi-directional in the sense that each could act equally well as a donor or acceptor.
- the use of these boosters was disadvantageous (to say the least) due to their extreme sensitivity to shock or spark.
- a donor booster must be capable of transmitting a detonation across a discontinuity such as an air gap. It does this by its own detonation in response to the detonation of an adjacent secondary high explosive mass, the donor booster's detonation yielding a sufficiently high output to enable transmission across the air gap or the like. Because of the output requirements, a donor booster is typically composed of secondary high explosive; such conventional secondary boosters cannot "pick up" a detonation over any discontinuity, for example, an air gap. This means that the donor booster and the detonating cord to which it is coupled must be in intimate contact.
- An acceptor booster is one which will detonate in response to another detonation, i.e., in response to the detonation of a donor booster which may be spaced from the acceptor booster by a discontinuity such as an air gap; the acceptor booster is further capable of detonating another secondary high explosive mass in operative association with it by means of the booster's own detonation.
- an acceptor booster "picks up" a detonation from a donor booster, even across a discontinuity, and transmits the detonation to another secondary high explosive mass so as to "continue” the detonation. Therefore, to "continue” the detonation, it is essential that an acceptor booster detonate, and not merely deflagrate.
- a conventional acceptor booster usually has two stages; a primary high explosive stage and a secondary high explosive stage.
- the secondary high explosive stage is located adjacent a detonating cord, and the primary high explosive stage is located adjacent the secondary high explosive stage.
- the primary high explosive stage "picks up" a detonation, e.g., across an air gap (due to heat, shock or the like stimulus generated by the detonation) and detonates itself; such detonation in turn causes the secondary high explosive stage to detonate which in turn causes the above-mentioned detonating cord (or other adjacent secondary high explosive mass) to detonate.
- a secondary high explosive booster capable of both receiving a detonation across a discontinuity and continuing the detonation downline would confer clear advantages, such as obviation of the sequencing requirement of conventional acceptor and donor boosters, high stability and high output. It would eliminate the previously discussed problems associated with use of primary high explosives. Provision of such a booster would be a highly desirable advance over the current state of technology.
- the present invention is directed, inter alia, to an explosive booster (as an article of manufacture), which comprises a secondary high explosive material of such density that the secondary high explosive material is capable of receiving a detonation from one secondary high explosive mass, across a discontinuity, and then detonating and transmitting the detonation to another secondary high explosive mass.
- an explosive booster as an article of manufacture
- a secondary high explosive material of such density that the secondary high explosive material is capable of receiving a detonation from one secondary high explosive mass, across a discontinuity, and then detonating and transmitting the detonation to another secondary high explosive mass.
- the invention is directed to a method of making a secondary high explosive booster. That method comprises compacting a secondary high explosive material to a density such that the booster is capable of receiving a detonation from another secondary high explosive mass across a discontinuity interposed between the booster and said other mass, of detonating in response to said received detonation, and of transmitting said responsive detonation to yet another secondary high explosive mass to effect detonation thereof.
- the invention is directed to a method of transferring detonation from one secondary high explosive mass to another such mass, said masses being separated by a discontinuity, which comprises locating in operative association with said secondary high explosive masses an explosive booster means including secondary high explosive material of a density such that the explosive material is capable of receiving a detonation across said discontinuity; transmitting a detonation from said one secondary high explosive means to said booster means; detonating said booster means in response to said transmitted detonation, and detonating said other secondary high explosive mass in response to the detonation of said booster means.
- the above-described explosive booster eliminates the need for an unstable primary high explosive, since the new secondary high explosive composition can be detonated directly from the output of a donor booster (composed of secondary high explosive) across a discontinuity without the need of a primary high explosive charge. Additionally, the invention provides a stable booster which is resistant to degradation under severe downhole conditions. These are features ideally suited for solution of the operational problems resulting from the great depths of, and extreme temperatures in, wellbores which are typical of current practice.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a final assembly suitable for housing the single stage secondary high order explosive booster of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken along line 2--2 in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective of a crimping tool used with the booster of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is an end view of the female jaw of the crimping tool shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is an end view of the male jaw of the crimping tool shown in FIG. 4.
- a secondary high explosive booster which, in addition to yielding a large detonating output (i.e., acting as a donor), can be detonated by the detonation of another secondary high explosive spaced from it by a gap (i.e., act as an acceptor) is dependent upon incorporation in the booster of the secondary high explosive of a density such that those dual capabilities are conferred. It is attainment of such density which results in a particularly advantageous feature of the invention, namely that the booster in accordance therewith is able to accept and continue a detonation across a discontinuity, such as an air-gap of up to 2.5 inches (as often encountered in wellbores).
- the density of a booster's constituent secondary high explosive is a function of the identity of the secondary high explosive material (for instance, HMX or PYX), and the particle size of the material which is compacted to form the booster's explosive component. Accordingly, as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, there is no one density or range of densities which will result in the achievement of the desired attributes of the booster of the invention for all possible secondary high explosives. Rather, the appropriate density or range of densities will likely as not vary from one combination of the aforementioned conditions (the secondary explosive material's identity and particle size) to another.
- particle size 98% of the particles being less than 45 microns, which particle size is determined by 98% of the HMX passing through a 325 mesh sieve
- a density of the secondary high explosive which results in the achievement of the desired characteristics of the invention is 1.71 g./cc.; but for the conditions:
- particle size 100% of the particles being less than 45 microns, which particle size is determined by 100% of the PYX passing through a 325 mesh sieve
- a density of the secondary high explosive which results in achievement of the desired characteristics of the invention is 1.45 g./cc.
- the density or a range of densities for the secondary high explosive which should be attained in accordance with the invention is particular to any one set of conditions and that density or range of densities can vary from one set of conditions to another. Accordingly, as discussed above, in order to determine what particular density or range of densities are suitably employed it may be necessary for those of ordinary skill in the art to utilize an empirical procedure, i.e., to test materials of different densities until one or more acceptable densities are found.
- gap-test a series of tests runs is performed. For each test run there is provided a secondary high explosive mass (such as a piece of a detonating cord) which will be detonated during testing, that mass being spaced a predetermined distance from a secondary high explosive material compacted to a known (or at least ascertainable) density.
- a secondary high explosive mass such as a piece of a detonating cord
- the gaps are varied from run to run in incrementally increasing or decreasing fashion, and/or the density of the secondary high explosive material is varied from run to run in incrementally increasing or decreasing fashion.
- the secondary high explosive mass is detonated in order to determine whether or not that detonation is accepted across the gap by the compacted secondary high explosive material, i.e., whether or not the initial detonation causes the compacted material to detonate also.
- a pattern of relative sensitivities over a range of different densities is determined. The pattern will conceivably vary from no appreciable sensitivity (regardless of gap size) at certain densities, to some slight sensitivity (detonation accepted over a small gap or gaps) at certain other densities, to high sensitivity (detonation accepted over a large gap or gaps) at one or several other densities.
- the requisite density is achieved in accordance with the invention by applying to an increment of secondary high explosive material a compaction pressure sufficient to compress the starting material into the desired explosive booster mass.
- the secondary high explosive material from which the booster is made is typically utilized in particulate form.
- the size of the particles employed can vary over a wide range without departing from the invention; such variation is however likely to cause a corresponding variation in the density or range of densities which confer "acceptor" capability on the booster (all other things being equal).
- Typical particle sizes are, for an HMX sample, 98% of the particles less than 45 microns (-325 mesh), and for a PYX sample, 100% of the particles less than 45 microns (-325 mesh).
- economies of cost are not an over-riding factor, the use of a gradient of particle sizes facilitates contact of particles and minimizes void space in the compacted booster explosive, and is thus especially helpful.
- compaction pressure necessary to obtain the required density (and, thus, the desired ability to act as a detonation acceptor across a gap) under any given specific set of circumstances will depend on the identity of the explosives employed and the precursor particle size of the secondary high explosive component. Compaction is typically accomplished by pressing the powder with a ram to form a pellet, or by any other known method of consolidation of powder particles which provides the requisite amount of compaction pressure. One skilled in the art will be able to adapt known methods of compaction to achieve the particular density needed to yield the desired sensitivity of the booster explosive material.
- too low a compaction pressure may result in a booster explosive material which for example has an excess amount of voids and thus too low a density. That condition will impair the booster's performance, as it leads to erratic and undependable detonation.
- the compaction pressures applied to obtain the density reported demonstrate processing in accordance with the invention.
- a pressure of 45,000 psi applied to attain a density of 1.71 g./cc. with HMX wherein 98% of the particles are less than 45 microns.
- a pressure of 30,000 psi was applied to attain a density of 1.45 g./cc. with PYX wherein 100% of the particles are less than 45 microns.
- Compaction of a secondary high explosive in suitable precursor form (such as a powder) to attain the requisite density is typically carried out within an elongated cylindrical cup.
- the cup may be made up of aluminum, stainless steel, or copper/bronze alloy such as gilding metal.
- the design of the cup itself in some embodiments will have an influence on the compaction pressure which is employed to achieve a desired density.
- the bottom of the cylindrical cup may be formed with either a conical dimple or a slightly reduced wall thickness in the center area of the bottom of the cup.
- the booster explosive material advantageously exhibits a density which is substantially uniform throughout, that density of course being one which confers the capability of acting as an acceptor of an extraneous explosive reaction.
- the achievement of sufficiently uniform density is advantageously effected by maintaining the length to diameter ratio of the uncompacted explosive within the cup at less than or equal to 1 prior to compaction of the explosive.
- the booster explosive material is suitably formed of a plurality of compacted increments, or pellets, of constituent secondary high explosive material.
- the achievement of uniform density is promoted by following the aforementioned length to diameter relationship.
- the number of compacted increments of material which advantageously ultimately constitute the substantially uniformally dense booster secondary high explosive is a function of the relationship between the diameter of the tube in which compaction is carried out and the amount of explosive used to make the booster.
- the amount of explosive is sufficiently small and the diameter of the cup sufficiently large, compaction of only a single increment of explosive material is necessary since the "length" of the material charged into the cup will be less than or equal to the relevant diameter, thereby yielding a length:diameter ratio of 1 or less.
- the amount of material is more than can be deposited all at once in the cup while still observing a length:diameter ratio of no more than 1, then the material is compacted in as many increments as is necessary to ensure that the length:diameter ratio never exceeds 1.
- compaction can be effected as follows. Compaction of three increments is illustrative. A first increment of the explosive material is introduced (e.g., poured) into the cup and compacted at a desired pressure for a time sufficient to yield the desired density. Next, the second increment of constituent explosive is introduced, on top of the first, and both are compacted. Finally, a third increment of explosive is added to the first two compacted increments and all three compacted together. Following this procedure typically yields one integral body of the explosive material; it is generally advantageous that each compacted increment is joined to its neighbor(s). However, it is also within the scope of the invention that the booster explosive material is made up of two or more discrete masses.
- two particularly advantageous embodiments are as follows: (as an article of manufacture) an explosive booster which comprises (e.g., 900 mg. of) the explosive HMX which has been compacted at a pressure of 45,000 psi in three increments to a density of 1.71 g./cc., such that this compaction in three increments results in a single material of uniform density throughout; (as an article of manufacture) an explosive booster, which comprises (e.g., 795 mg. of) the explosive PYX which has been compacted at a pressure of 30,000 psi in three increments to a density of 1.45 g./cc., which compaction in three increments results in a single material of uniform density throughout.
- an explosive booster which comprises (e.g., 900 mg. of) the explosive HMX which has been compacted at a pressure of 45,000 psi in three increments to a density of 1.71 g./cc., such that this compaction in three increments results in a single
- the invention is directed to the explosive booster assembly which includes a housing for the compacted secondary high order explosive material.
- a housing for the compacted secondary high order explosive material A detailed description of devices suitable for housing the booster appears from the following text and referenced in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- booster assembly 100 which contains a secondary high explosive which is compacted within an elongated, generally cylindrical cup 102.
- the cup has two ends 104 and 106.
- the cup has a length of 1.375 inches and a diameter of 0.24 inches.
- the cup may be made of aluminum, stainless steel or a copper/bronze alloy such as guilding metal.
- a first compacted increment of secondary high explosive 108 abuts end 106 and the wall of the cylindrical cup 102.
- a second compacted increment of secondary high explosive 110 abuts increment 108 and wall 102.
- a third compacted increment of secondary high explosive 112 abuts second increment 110 and wall 102.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the booster assembly.
- the thickness of cup wall 102 is 0.008 inches.
- the wall circumferentially surrounds the booster charge, which in this case is the second compacted increment.
- the invention also provides a method which is particularly well-suited for transmitting a detonation between two secondary high explosive charges, especially two such charges separated by an air gap.
- the method is highly advantageous for utilization in connection with the sequential detonation of a string of so-called perforating guns in a wellbore. As previously explained, the component guns become spaced out when they are lowered down a wellbore, and the present method employing the inventive booster enables the detonation to move along the string, jumping air gaps between adjacent guns which would otherwise impede or bar its progress.
- the inventive boosters are interposed between adjacent secondary high explosive charges in any appropriate conventional manner.
- a booster when employing the boosters to aid in the detonation of a string of perforating guns, a booster can be located in abutment with the detonating cord of one such gun and a booster located in abutment with the corresponding opposed end of a detonation cord of an adjacent gun.
- the detonation is transferred from the first cord to its abuting booster, which then detonates itself. That detonation is donated even across a discontinuity (for example an air gap) of up to 2.5 inches to the next booster, which in turn accepts the detonation, detonates itself and then donates the detonation to the cord of such adjacent gun.
- a discontinuity for example an air gap
- two or more boosters will be necessary, depending on the size of the gap (or other discontinuity) to be jumped, and other downhole conditions.
- One of ordinary skill, equipped with the instant teachings, will be able to practice the invention without undue experimentation regarding the number of boosters necessary, location of the boosters in operative association with the charges to be detonated, and the like.
- the booster of the invention is thus typically utilized in the cup in which it is formed. It is advantageously attached to a detonating cord using a crimping device to pinch the open end of the cup closed around the cord. This measure seals the booster explosive material within the cup against intrusion of all external liquids, and is carried out so as to provide a moisture barrier protecting the explosive material from downhole conditions.
- a specialized crimping tool is particularly advantageous.
- the crimping tool 140 has a handle 142 which handle has a grip portion 144 and a head portion 146.
- a male jaw 147 is mounted on the head portion 146.
- the male jaw 147 has a semi-circular notch 148 and two projecting ridges 150.
- the ridges 150 run transversely of, and follow the curve of, the notch 148.
- the tool 140 also has a second handle 152 which has a grip portion 154 and a head portion 156.
- the two handles 142 and 152 are pivotably engaged so that they are movable toward and away from one another.
- Spring 158 is positioned so as to bias against head 156 of handle 152. Spring 158 maintains the handles 142 and 152 in an open position when the tool 140 is not in use.
- a movable cylinder 160 is positioned within head 146 and is adjacent to head 156.
- the cylinder 160 incorporates a female jaw 162.
- the female jaw 162 has a semi-circular notch 164 and two grooves 166 which are capable of receiving ridges 150.
- the grooves 166 run transversely of, and follow the curve of, the notch 164.
- the cylinder 160 and the head 156 of handle 152 are positioned so that when handles 142 and 152 are pressed together, cylinder 164 and female jaw 162 move by cam motion towards male jaw 147.
- the booster to be crimped to the detonating cord is placed between the open jaws 147 and 162 in the vicinity of the semi-circular notches 148 and 164.
- the handles 144 and 154 are pressed together, the cylinder 160 and the female jaw 162 move by cam motion towards male jaw 147.
- the jaws 162 and 147 move to mesh ridges 150 with grooves 166, thereby crimping the booster.
- the tool 140 produces a precise round, non-elliptical crimp, which securely affixes the booster to the detonating cord without distorting the overall shape of the booster housing, while producing a hermetic seal.
- 300 mg. of the explosive HMX is poured into a elongated cylindrical cup of the housing assembly as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. This 300 mg. is compacted at a pressure of 45,000 psi to an average density of 1.71 g./cc. Next another 300 mg. of the explosive HMX is poured into the cylindrical cup and consolidated at a pressure of 45,000 psi to an average density of 1.71 g./cc. Finally, another 300 mg. of the explosive HMX is poured into the elongated cylindrical cup and consolidated at a pressure of 45,000 psi to an average density of 1.71 g./cc. This compaction in three stages results in a single material of the average density of 1.71 g./cc. This density has been carefully selected so that the explosive acts both as acceptor and donor of the explosive reaction (as can be readily ascertained by employment of the gap test).
- 265 mg. of the explosive PYX is poured into a elongated cylindrical cup and compacted at a pressure of 30,000 psi to an average density of 1.45 g./cc.
- another 265 mg. of the explosive PYX is poured into the same elongated cylindrical cup and consolidated at a pressure of 30,000 psi to an average density of 1.45 g./cc.
- Finally another 265 mg. of the explosive PYX is poured into the elongated cylindrical cup and consolidated at 30,000 psi to an average density of 1.45 g./cc.
- the invention provides a booster, method of making same and method of using same which are truly significant.
- the invention offers a safe and reliable alternative to the use downhole of boosters containing unpredictable, unstable, often deadly primary high explosives.
- the present invention provides a booster which overcomes the unidirectionality of conventional acceptor boosters; this is of great importance in eliminating interruption of detonation downhole due to improper sequencing of such conventional boosters.
- the booster of the invention is--unlike conventional boosters--ideally suited for use in a redundant firing system.
- a second firer for example, a time-delayed firer which is electrically or pressure activated, is affixed to the downhole end of the string of charges.
- simultaneous detonation may be initiated at both ends of the string.
- This type of system wherein detonation is initiated along the string from both directions has the advantage of permitting detonation of an entire string of charges even if there exists therein a defect which is a barrier to the transfer of detonation in either direction individually; it also lessens the likelihood of deflagration.
- a bi-directional booster is essential, since by its very nature, a redundant firing system requires two detonations to travel simultaneously in opposite directions along the string. Thus conventional unindirectional boosters will not operate a redundant firing system; the bidirectional booster of the instant invention is essential.
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US06/658,266 US4616566A (en) | 1984-10-05 | 1984-10-05 | Secondary high explosive booster, and method of making and method of using same |
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US06/658,266 US4616566A (en) | 1984-10-05 | 1984-10-05 | Secondary high explosive booster, and method of making and method of using same |
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US4702168A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1987-10-27 | Halliburton Company | Sidewall core gun |
US4836109A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1989-06-06 | Halliburton Company | Control line differential firing head |
US5155293A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-10-13 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Safety booster for explosive systems |
US5603379A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-02-18 | Halliburton Company | Bi-directional explosive transfer apparatus and method |
US5831204A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-11-03 | Rheinmetall Industrie Aktiengesellschaft | Propellant igniter assembly having a multi-zone booster charge |
US20100024674A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2010-02-04 | Roland Peeters | Reliable propagation of ignition in perforation systems |
US20100180757A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | Agency For Defense Development | Method and apparatus for loading cartridges with pressable plastic bonded explosives |
US8127682B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2012-03-06 | John Sonday | Cast booster using novel explosive core |
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US20120240806A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Vincent Gonsalves | Energetics Train Reaction And Method Of Making An Intensive Munitions Detonator |
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US20160003600A1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-01-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | An initiator having an explosive substance of a secondary explosive |
US11187500B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-11-30 | The United States of America, as represented by Secretary of the Navy | Firing trains |
US11293733B1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-04-05 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Firing trains |
US11384627B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 | 2022-07-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for firing a charge in a well tool |
US11441882B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-09-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Density gradient booster pellet for insensitive explosive formulations |
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US4702168A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1987-10-27 | Halliburton Company | Sidewall core gun |
US4836109A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1989-06-06 | Halliburton Company | Control line differential firing head |
US5155293A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-10-13 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Safety booster for explosive systems |
US5603379A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-02-18 | Halliburton Company | Bi-directional explosive transfer apparatus and method |
US5831204A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1998-11-03 | Rheinmetall Industrie Aktiengesellschaft | Propellant igniter assembly having a multi-zone booster charge |
US20100024674A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2010-02-04 | Roland Peeters | Reliable propagation of ignition in perforation systems |
US8267012B2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2012-09-18 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Reliable propagation of ignition in perforation systems |
US8127682B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2012-03-06 | John Sonday | Cast booster using novel explosive core |
US20100180757A1 (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | Agency For Defense Development | Method and apparatus for loading cartridges with pressable plastic bonded explosives |
EP2942599A3 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2015-12-16 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Composition suitable for a deflagration to detonation transition device |
US20120240806A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Vincent Gonsalves | Energetics Train Reaction And Method Of Making An Intensive Munitions Detonator |
US8776689B2 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2014-07-15 | Vincent Gonsalves | Energetics train reaction and method of making an intensive munitions detonator |
CN102410005B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-04-02 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Bidirectional energization explosion-propagating device |
CN102410005A (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2012-04-11 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Bidirectional energization explosion-propagating device |
US20160003600A1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2016-01-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | An initiator having an explosive substance of a secondary explosive |
US10151569B2 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2018-12-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Initiator having an explosive substance of a secondary explosive |
US11384627B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 | 2022-07-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | System and method for firing a charge in a well tool |
US11187500B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-11-30 | The United States of America, as represented by Secretary of the Navy | Firing trains |
US11441882B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-09-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Density gradient booster pellet for insensitive explosive formulations |
US11674785B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2023-06-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Density gradient booster pellet for insensitive explosive formulations |
US11293733B1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-04-05 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Firing trains |
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