US4605888A - Starting winding switching circuit for single-phase induction motors - Google Patents
Starting winding switching circuit for single-phase induction motors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4605888A US4605888A US06/657,361 US65736184A US4605888A US 4605888 A US4605888 A US 4605888A US 65736184 A US65736184 A US 65736184A US 4605888 A US4605888 A US 4605888A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- triac
- scr
- npn transistor
- motor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/42—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor
- H02P1/44—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor by phase-splitting with a capacitor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of single-phase induction motors, and more particularly to a switching device for electrically connecting and removing the starting winding from the single-phase induction motor's circuitry.
- Single-phase induction motors typically comprise a distributed stator main winding, an auxiliary winding, and a squirrel-cage rotor.
- a distributed stator main winding As discussed in the Del Toro's test Electromechanical Devices For Energy Conversion And Control Systems, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1968, pps. 360-90, an a.c. supply voltage applied only to the stator winding creates a field fixed in space and alternating in magnitude. The field therefore produces no starting torque on the rotor. This condition, however, prevails only at rotor standstill. If, by some means, the rotor is started in either direction, it will develop a nonzero net torque in that direction and thereby cause the motor to achieve synchronous speed.
- the typical non-mechanical method of starting a single phase induction motor is to temporarily include a second, auxiliary winding around the rotor to produce a revolving field of constant amplitude and constant linear velocity.
- This revolving field creates the necessary starting torque needed to start the rotor turning on its axis.
- the two windings are preferably space-displaced by 90 electrical degrees.
- the current flowing through these windings are preferably time-displaced by 90 electrical degrees and the windings must have such magnitudes that the mmf's are equal.
- the space-displacement criterion is met by placing the auxiliary winding in the stator with its axis in quadrature with that of the main winding.
- the main winding occupies two-thirds of the stator slots, with the auxiliary winding occupying the remaining one-third.
- the time displacement criterion regarding the currents through the two windings is at least partially obtained by designing the auxiliary winding for high resistance and low leakage reactance. This is in contrast to the main winding which typically has lower resistance and higher leakage reactance. Due to the high-resistance characteristic and the short time power rating inherent in the auxiliary winding, they must be removed from the line once a sufficient percentage of synchronous speed is reached.
- Another prior art method for removing the auxiliary winding from the line involves replacing the centrifugal action switch with a triac-based circuit, wherein the triac is controlled based on the current in the main stator winding.
- this method is complex and inherently limited to a small range of applications.
- the invention relates to a switching device for electrically connecting a starting winding in a single-phase induction motor from initial start-up until the motor has achieved a first predetermined speed, at which point the device electrically removes the starting winding from the motor's circuitry. Should the motor's speed drop below a second predetermined speed, the switching device will electrically reconnect the starting winding to the motor's circuitry until the motor again achieves the first predetermined speed.
- the switching device comprises a triac in series with the motor's starting winding. Connected across the triac is the a.c. side of a diode bridge.
- the d.c. side of the diode bridge includes a silicon control rectifier (SCR) controlled by a voltage control circuit connected in parallel across the motor's starting winding.
- SCR silicon control rectifier
- the voltage control circuit also receives a small voltage drop, and the voltage control circuit is essentially off.
- the a.c. voltage across the diode bridge produces sufficient voltage on its d.c. side to turn the SCR on, thereby effectively shorting out the d.c. side of the diode bridge. Due to this short, a large current is drawn through the a.c. side of the diode bridge.
- a resistor in series with the a.c. side of the diode bridge and connected to the gate terminal of the triac, produces a voltage drop large enough to turn the triac on. Since the triac is in series with the starting coil, current flows through the starting coil, producing sufficient torque to start the motor.
- the voltage drop across the starting coil, and hence the voltage control circuit is large enough to turn the voltage control circuit on, thereby turning the SCR off.
- the SCR off With the SCR off, the large current drain on the a.c. side of the diode bridge is no longer present.
- the potential voltage across the resistor, in series with the a.c. side of the diode bridge decreases. This decreased voltage is not sufficient to keep the triac on. Accordingly, the triac turns off and the starting winding is electrically removed from the motor's circuit.
- the voltage control circuit in the present invention comprises a series of transistors. By taking advantage of their different saturation and cutoff voltage levels, a hysteresis characteristic is available for motor control applications.
- the switching circuit of the present invention includes a hysteresis characteristic which takes the starting winding out of the motor's circuit once the motor reaches a first predetermined speed, but does not reconnect the starting coil until the motor falls below a second, lower, predetermined speed.
- FIG. 1 shows the preferred embodiment of the starting coil switching circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the starting coil switching circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 the preferred embodiment of the starting coil switching circuit of the present invention is shown.
- diode bridge D1 When an a.c. voltage is first applied to terminals A1 and A2 of motor M, a voltage is applied to diode bridge D1 through starting capacitor C1, starting coil L2, and resistor R6 on one side, and resistor R8 on the other side.
- the diode bridge outputs positive rectified voltage to anode A of silicon control rectifier (SCR) S2 and a reference voltage to cathode K of the SCR.
- SCR silicon control rectifier
- the positive rectified voltage also sets up a current applied to gate G of the SCR through resistor R1, thereby turning the SCR ON.
- the induced voltage across the starting winding is directly proportional to the rotational velocity of the motor.
- the voltage across the starting winding is small.
- the voltage across capacitor C2 is small. This voltage is not enough to turn ON NPN transistor TR2. Therefore, as no base current is supplied to PNP transistor TR1, it also remains OFF.
- the voltage drop across the starting winding increases, increasing the voltage drop across capacitor C2.
- the increased voltage drop across C2 causes the NPN transistor to turn ON, supplying the PNP transistor with adequate base current to saturate the PNP transistor.
- the SCR's gate current flows through the PNP transistor TR1.
- the value of resistor R1 is relatively high so that the voltage drop across R1 is not sufficient to keep the SCR turned ON, and it subsequently draws no current.
- the SCR OFF since the resistance value of resistor R1 is high, a lower current is drawn on the d.c. side of the diode bridge. Thus, a lower current draw is reflected to the a.c.
- the starting coil is electrically disconnected from the motor's circuitry. Although the starting coil is effectively removed, the starting torque initially produced allows the rotor to reach synchronous speed by the flux created in the main winding.
- control circuit B connects the starting coil to the motor's circuit until the motor reaches at least 60% synchronous speed, at which point the triac is turned off and the starting coil is electrically removed from the circuit.
- the triac is turned back on, reconnecting the starting coil, as will now be explained.
- transistor TR2 If the motor should experience a load such that its speed dips below about 40% synchronous speed, transistor TR2 is cut OFF thereby turning transistor TR1 OFF. Accordingly, the voltage potential at R1 turns the SCR back on, short-circuiting the d.c. side of the diode bridge, causing a large current draw on the a.c. side. This large current through resistor R8 produces a large enough voltage drop to turn the triac back ON, electrically reconnecting the starting coil in the circuit.
- control circuit B and transistor TR1 have a hysteresis characteristic which disconnect the starting coil from the single phase induction motor once the motor attains at least 60% synchronous speed, and reconnects the starting coil when motor drops below about 40% synchronous speed.
- FIG. 2 another embodiment of the starting coil switching circuit of the present invention is shown.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1983692 | 1983-02-21 | ||
KR1019830000692A KR840002367B1 (ko) | 1983-02-21 | 1983-02-21 | 단상 유도전동기 기동용 전압식 전자릴레이 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4605888A true US4605888A (en) | 1986-08-12 |
Family
ID=19228299
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/657,361 Expired - Fee Related US4605888A (en) | 1983-02-21 | 1984-02-17 | Starting winding switching circuit for single-phase induction motors |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4605888A (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS59159681A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR840002367B1 (ja) |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4751450A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-06-14 | Pt Components, Inc. | Low cost, protective start from coast circuit |
US4751449A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-06-14 | Pt Components, Inc. | Start from coast protective circuit |
US4782278A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-11-01 | Pt Components, Inc. | Motor starting circuit with low cost comparator hysteresis |
US4786850A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1988-11-22 | Pt Components, Inc. | Motor starting circuit with time delay cut-out and restart |
US4804901A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-02-14 | Kilo-Watt-Ch-Dog, Inc. | Motor starting circuit |
EP0356310A1 (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-02-28 | In Suk Kim | Electronic motor starter |
FR2655216A1 (fr) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-05-31 | Brasil Compressores Sa | Circuit electronique pour le demarrage d'un moteur a induction monophase. |
US5093864A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1992-03-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Silencer |
US5451853A (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1995-09-19 | Yamada Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Starting device for a single phase induction motor |
US5574341A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1996-11-12 | Yang; Tai-Her | Compound motor limiting control circuit for controllable shunt field winding by means |
US5589753A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-12-31 | Andrew S. Kadah | Rate effect motor start circuit |
US5689168A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1997-11-18 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Control circuit for two speed motors |
US5892349A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1999-04-06 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Control circuit for two speed motors |
US5973473A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-10-26 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Motor control circuit |
WO2003007468A1 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-23 | Varidigm Corporation | Variable speed controller for air moving applications using an acinduction motor |
US20030107343A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-12 | In-Seok Kim | Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor |
US20040184791A1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Sunbeam Products, Inc. | Closed loop feedback method for electric motor |
US20040263109A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2004-12-30 | Empresa Brasileira De Compressores S.A. - Embraco | Electronic circuit for starting a single phase induction motor |
US20050007062A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-13 | Mehlhorn William L. | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US20050231151A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-10-20 | Iida Keizo | Synchronous induction motor and electric hermetic compressor using the same |
US20060017417A1 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-26 | Botega Mario L Jr | Electronic startup device for hermetic compressors |
EP1841054A2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Method of servo-controlling the speed of an electric motor on start-up, and apparatus implementing the system. |
US20070253133A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor starter circuit |
US20080018293A1 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-24 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
WO2008038125A3 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-07-31 | Itw Ind Components Srl | Electronic starter device for an electric motor, in particular for a compressor of a refrigerating circuit of an electric household appliance |
US20080225447A1 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-09-18 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
WO2009112219A2 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-17 | Sumoto S.R.L. | Method and device for starting single-phase asynchronous motors |
WO2012037624A2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-29 | Whirlpool S.A. | A start and control method for a single-phase induction motor, a start and control system for a single-phase induction motor and an electronic start and control device applied to a single-phase induction motor |
US20150137730A1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-21 | Kriwan Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh | Asynchronous motor and method for operating an asynchronous motor |
US9328727B2 (en) | 2003-12-08 | 2016-05-03 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Pump controller system and method |
US9404500B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2016-08-02 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Control algorithm of variable speed pumping system |
US9551344B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2017-01-24 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Anti-entrapment and anti-dead head function |
US9556874B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 | 2017-01-31 | Pentair Flow Technologies, Llc | Method of controlling a pump and motor |
US9568005B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2017-02-14 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Discharge vacuum relief valve for safety vacuum release system |
US9726184B2 (en) | 2008-10-06 | 2017-08-08 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Safety vacuum release system |
US9777733B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2017-10-03 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Flow control |
US9885360B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2018-02-06 | Pentair Flow Technologies, Llc | Battery backup sump pump systems and methods |
US9932984B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2018-04-03 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Pumping system with power optimization |
US10240604B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2019-03-26 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Pumping system with housing and user interface |
US10465676B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2019-11-05 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Flow locking system and method |
US10731655B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2020-08-04 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Priming protection |
US10871001B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Filter loading |
US10947981B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2021-03-16 | Pentair Water Pool And Spa, Inc. | Variable speed pumping system and method |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100223305B1 (ko) * | 1997-03-28 | 1999-10-15 | 전주범 | 가스보일러의 양방향펌프제어방법 |
KR100223304B1 (ko) * | 1997-03-28 | 1999-10-15 | 전주범 | 가스보일러의 양방향펌프제어방법 |
KR20080004838U (ko) * | 2008-08-29 | 2008-10-22 | 김인석 | 드릴머신의 정·역 회전 제어장치 |
WO2010074375A1 (ko) * | 2008-12-24 | 2010-07-01 | Kim In-Seok | 드릴링 머신의 정역회전 제어장치 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4366426A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1982-12-28 | S.A. Armstrong Limited | Starting circuit for single phase electric motors |
US4399394A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-08-16 | Ballman Gray C | Electronic motor start switch |
US4468604A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1984-08-28 | Andrew Zaderej | Motor starting circuit |
-
1983
- 1983-02-21 KR KR1019830000692A patent/KR840002367B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-02-15 JP JP59027976A patent/JPS59159681A/ja active Granted
- 1984-02-17 US US06/657,361 patent/US4605888A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4366426A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1982-12-28 | S.A. Armstrong Limited | Starting circuit for single phase electric motors |
US4399394A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-08-16 | Ballman Gray C | Electronic motor start switch |
US4468604A (en) * | 1982-03-04 | 1984-08-28 | Andrew Zaderej | Motor starting circuit |
Cited By (97)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4751449A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-06-14 | Pt Components, Inc. | Start from coast protective circuit |
US4751450A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1988-06-14 | Pt Components, Inc. | Low cost, protective start from coast circuit |
US4782278A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-11-01 | Pt Components, Inc. | Motor starting circuit with low cost comparator hysteresis |
US4786850A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1988-11-22 | Pt Components, Inc. | Motor starting circuit with time delay cut-out and restart |
US4804901A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-02-14 | Kilo-Watt-Ch-Dog, Inc. | Motor starting circuit |
EP0356310A1 (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-02-28 | In Suk Kim | Electronic motor starter |
US4967131A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-10-30 | Kim In S | Electronic motor starter |
AU626215B2 (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1992-07-23 | In Suk Kim | Electronic motor starter |
US5093864A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1992-03-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Silencer |
DE4023749C2 (de) * | 1989-11-28 | 2001-04-26 | Brasil Compressores Sa | Elektronische Schaltung zum Starten eines Einphasen-Induktionsmotors |
FR2655216A1 (fr) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-05-31 | Brasil Compressores Sa | Circuit electronique pour le demarrage d'un moteur a induction monophase. |
US5574341A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1996-11-12 | Yang; Tai-Her | Compound motor limiting control circuit for controllable shunt field winding by means |
US5451853A (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1995-09-19 | Yamada Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Starting device for a single phase induction motor |
US5589753A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1996-12-31 | Andrew S. Kadah | Rate effect motor start circuit |
US5892349A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1999-04-06 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Control circuit for two speed motors |
US5689168A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1997-11-18 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Control circuit for two speed motors |
US5973473A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1999-10-26 | Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated | Motor control circuit |
US7218075B2 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2007-05-15 | Empresa Brasileira De Compressores S.A. - Embraco | Electronic circuit for starting a single phase induction motor |
US20040263109A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2004-12-30 | Empresa Brasileira De Compressores S.A. - Embraco | Electronic circuit for starting a single phase induction motor |
WO2003007468A1 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-23 | Varidigm Corporation | Variable speed controller for air moving applications using an acinduction motor |
US6864659B2 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2005-03-08 | Varidigm Corporation | Variable speed controller for air moving applications using an AC induction motor |
US6819075B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2004-11-16 | In-Seok Kim | Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor |
US20030107343A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-06-12 | In-Seok Kim | Voltage-controlled starting relay for induction motor |
US20040184791A1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Sunbeam Products, Inc. | Closed loop feedback method for electric motor |
US6989649B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2006-01-24 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US20070113647A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2007-05-24 | A.O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US20050231151A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-10-20 | Iida Keizo | Synchronous induction motor and electric hermetic compressor using the same |
US20050007062A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-01-13 | Mehlhorn William L. | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US7427844B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2008-09-23 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US7042192B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2006-05-09 | A.O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US7071650B2 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2006-07-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Synchronous induction motor and electric hermetic compressor using the same |
US7183741B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2007-02-27 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US20050156557A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-07-21 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
US20050158177A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2005-07-21 | A.O. Smith Corporation | Switch assembly, electric machine having the switch assembly, and method of controlling the same |
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EP1841054A3 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2014-12-24 | Thomson Licensing SA | Method of servo-controlling the speed of an electric motor on start-up, and apparatus implementing the system. |
CN101064489B (zh) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-02-08 | 汤姆森许可贸易公司 | 电机速度的伺服控制方法 |
EP1841054A2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-03 | Thomson Licensing S.A. | Method of servo-controlling the speed of an electric motor on start-up, and apparatus implementing the system. |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0348748B2 (ja) | 1991-07-25 |
KR840003933A (ko) | 1984-10-04 |
JPS59159681A (ja) | 1984-09-10 |
KR840002367B1 (ko) | 1984-12-21 |
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