US4591811A - Generator for generating an amplitude modulated signal corresponding to a carrier signal modulated by an information signal - Google Patents
Generator for generating an amplitude modulated signal corresponding to a carrier signal modulated by an information signal Download PDFInfo
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- US4591811A US4591811A US06/667,372 US66737284A US4591811A US 4591811 A US4591811 A US 4591811A US 66737284 A US66737284 A US 66737284A US 4591811 A US4591811 A US 4591811A
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- signal
- transistor
- amplitude
- modulated
- carrier wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
- H03C1/08—Amplitude modulation by means of variable impedance element
- H03C1/14—Amplitude modulation by means of variable impedance element the element being a diode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an amplitude-modulated signal generator.
- an amplitude-modulated signal generator is employed for the amplitude modulation of a carrier wave in accordance with a suitable information wave.
- a number of amplitude-modulated single generators have been proposed, and the ones which employ transistor are known as a base modulation type, an emitter modulation type and a collector modulation type, all of which need a transformer.
- any one of these conventional amplitude-modulated signal generators requires the use of a transformer, the generator becomes bulky in size and it requires a high manufacturing cost.
- the conventional amplitude-modulated signal generator is used in an ultrasonic wave generator capable of generating an ultrasonic signal of relatively low frequency, for example, 30 to 500 KHz, the transformer must have a high inductance, resulting in a very large size generator. Furthermore, a precise adjustment is necessary.
- an amplitude-modulated signal generator using no transformer is also well known.
- One amplitude-modulated generator of this type includes a circuit wherein an electric current generated from a constant current source defined by a differential amplifier is varied by a carrier wave to produce an amplitude modulated wave.
- Another known type is a product modulating circuit wherein an analog multiplier is utilized.
- these modulating circuits are complicated in circuit arrangement and, requires a high manufacturing cost, particularly when they are desired to be fabricated in a compact size.
- the present invention has been developed with a view to substantially eliminating the above discussed disadvantages inherent in the prior art amplitude-modulated generator and has for its essential object to provide an improved amplitude-modulated signal generator which does not require the use of any transformer and which requires no circuit adjustment and which can be manufactured at a minimized cost with a minimized number of component parts.
- the amplitude-modulated signal generator according to the present invention is featured in that a signal in phase with the modulating signal produced from an emitter of a transistor and a signal opposite in phase with respect to the same modulating signal produced from a collector of a transistor are alternately transmitted at the frequency of carrier wave by switching diodes.
- the switching diodes are driven alternately by the carrier wave. Accordingly a produced signal is very similar to the amplitude modulated signal in which the carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an amplitude-modulated generator according to the present invention
- FIG. 2(a) is a diagram showing the waveform of a modulating signal
- FIG. 2(b) is a diagram showing the waveform of a carrier wave
- FIG. 2(c) is a diagram showing the waveform of an output from a phase divider circuit used in the amplitude-modulated generator of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2(d) is a diagram showing the waveform of an amplitude modulated output generated from the amplitude-modulated generator of FIG. 1.
- an amplitude-modulated signal generator shown therein comprises input terminal 1 to which a modulating signal is supplied, phase dividing circuit 2, and a pair of switching diodes 3 and 4 connected in parallel to each other in the opposite sense of polarity. It further comprises carrier wave amplifier 5, having input terminal 6 to which the carrier wave is supplied. Output terminal 7 is provided for producing an amplitude modulated signal.
- Phase dividing circuit 2 comprises a coupling capacitor C 1 , series-connected bias resistors R 1 and R 2 , n-p-n type transistor Q 1 and series-connected load resistors R 3 and R 4 .
- Bias resistor R 1 is inserted between the base of transistor Q 1 and power source line 8
- bias resistor R 2 is inserted between the base of transistor Q 1 and the ground.
- Load resistor R 3 is inserted between the collector of transistor Q 1 and power source line 8
- load resistor R 4 is inserted between the emitter of transistor Q 1 and the ground.
- a junction between bias resistors R 1 and R 2 which is connected to the base of transistor Q 1 is connected to input terminal 1 through coupling capacitor C 1 .
- Switching diode 3 has its anode and cathode connected respectively to the emitter of transistor Q 1 and the anode of the switching diode 4 having its cathode connected to the collector of the transistor Q 1 .
- a junction between the cathode of switching diode 3 and the anode of switching diode 4 is in turn connected through coupling capacitor C 2 to output terminal 7 and also through load resistor R 7 to amplifier 5.
- Amplifier 5 comprises n-p-n type transistor Q 2 having its emitter connected to the ground and its base connected through coupling capacitor C 3 to input terminal 6.
- Bias resistor R 6 is connected between the base and the collector of transistor Q 2
- load resistor R 5 is connected between the collector of transistor Q 2 and power source line 8.
- the collector of transistor Q 2 is also connected to load resistor R 7 which is in turn connected to the junction between the respective cathode and anode of switching diodes 3 and 4 as hereinbefore described.
- load resistors R 3 and R 4 have their respective resistances approximately equal to each other. It is also to be noted that the resistances of the respective bias resistors R 1 and R 2 are so selected that, for a given power source voltage +Vcc supplied to power source line 8, and assuming that no modulating signal is applied to input terminal 1, the D.C. potentials at the emitter and collector of transistor Q 1 are Vcc/4 and 3Vcc/4, respectively.
- amplitude-modulated generator While the amplitude-modulated generator is constructed as hereinbefore described, it operates in the following manner.
- the modulating signal has a waveform shown in FIG. 2(a) and is fed to input terminal 1 while the carrier wave having a frequency sufficiently higher than that of the modulating signal, such as shown in FIG. 2(b), is fed to input terminal 6,
- the potential at the emitter of transistor Q 1 varies in accordance with the modulating signal applied to the base of transistor Q 1 , fluctuating above and below the D.C. potential of Vcc/4 in the same phase as the modulating signal, as shown by waveform We in FIG. 2(c).
- the potential at the collector of transistor Q 1 fluctuates above and below the D.C. potential of 3Vcc/4 in the opposite phase to the modulating signal applied to the base of transistor Q 1 , as shown by waveform Wc in FIG. 2(c).
- phase-matched signal We matched in phase with the modulating signal
- a phase-reversed signal Wc in a phase opposite to that of the modulating signal
- transistor Q2 When the carrier wave, as shown in FIG. 2(b) is applied to input terminal 6, transistor Q2 turns on during the positive-going half-cycle of the carrier wave thereby producing a LOW signal at the collector of transistor Q2. Then, during the negative-going half-cycle of the same, transistor Q2 turns off, thereby producing a HIGH signal at the collector of transistor Q2.
- phase-matched signal We from the emitter of transistor Q 1 is transmitted to output terminal 7 through the coupling capacitor C 2 .
- phase-reversed signal Wc from the collector of transistor Q 1 is transmitted to output terminal 7 through coupling capacitor C 2 .
- phase-matched and phase-reversed signals We and Wc are alternately generated during each complete cycle of the carrier wave and, accordingly, a signal very similar to the amplitude modulated signal wherein the carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal as shown in FIG. 2(d) can be obtained.
- the phase dividing circuit 2 can be constructed with the minimized number of component parts, such as transistor Q 1 , bias resistors R 1 and R 2 and load resistors R 3 and R 4 . Furthermore, no need to use any transformer.
- resistors R 4 and R 7 are parallelly connected between the emitter of transistor Q 1 and the ground and, therefore, the load resistance of transistor Q 1 at the emitter thereof can be given by R 4 //R 7 .
- resistor R 3 and series resistors R 7 and R 5 are parallelly connected between the collector of transistor Q 1 and the voltage source +Vcc. Therefore, the load resistance of transistor Q 1 at the collector thereof can be given by R 3 //(R 5 +R 7 ). Accordingly, when the loads on the emitter and collector sides of transistor Q 1 are desired to be counterbalanced, resistors R 3 , R 4 , R 7 and R 5 should be so selected as to meet the following requirement:
- load adjusting resistor R 8 having a resistance equal to that of the load resistor R 5 may be connected between the cathode of the switching diode 3 and the anode of the switching diode 4 as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1.
- a carrier wave oscillator may be used for driving the switching diodes 3 and 4 alternately.
- transistors Q 1 and Q 2 have been described and shown as an n-p-n type, they may be a p-n-p type or a field-effect transistor.
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- Amplitude Modulation (AREA)
Abstract
An amplitude-modulated generator includes a phase dividing circuit having a transistor which receives a modulating signal. The transistor is capable of generating from its emitter a first signal matched in phase with the modulating signal and from its collector a second signal opposite in phase with respect to the modulating signal. First and second switching diodes are provided which are alternately driven by a carrier wave and connected in opposite directions with each other between the emitter and the collector of the transistor. The carrier wave is applied to the junction between the first and second switching diodes. A signal is produced from the junction which is very similar to an amplitude modulated signal consisting of a carrier wave which is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal.
Description
The present invention relates to an amplitude-modulated signal generator.
In the field of a radiocommunication, an amplitude-modulated signal generator is employed for the amplitude modulation of a carrier wave in accordance with a suitable information wave. A number of amplitude-modulated single generators have been proposed, and the ones which employ transistor are known as a base modulation type, an emitter modulation type and a collector modulation type, all of which need a transformer.
Since any one of these conventional amplitude-modulated signal generators requires the use of a transformer, the generator becomes bulky in size and it requires a high manufacturing cost. Particularly, when the conventional amplitude-modulated signal generator is used in an ultrasonic wave generator capable of generating an ultrasonic signal of relatively low frequency, for example, 30 to 500 KHz, the transformer must have a high inductance, resulting in a very large size generator. Furthermore, a precise adjustment is necessary.
On the other hand, an amplitude-modulated signal generator using no transformer is also well known. One amplitude-modulated generator of this type includes a circuit wherein an electric current generated from a constant current source defined by a differential amplifier is varied by a carrier wave to produce an amplitude modulated wave. Another known type is a product modulating circuit wherein an analog multiplier is utilized. However, these modulating circuits are complicated in circuit arrangement and, requires a high manufacturing cost, particularly when they are desired to be fabricated in a compact size.
The present invention has been developed with a view to substantially eliminating the above discussed disadvantages inherent in the prior art amplitude-modulated generator and has for its essential object to provide an improved amplitude-modulated signal generator which does not require the use of any transformer and which requires no circuit adjustment and which can be manufactured at a minimized cost with a minimized number of component parts.
To this end, the amplitude-modulated signal generator according to the present invention is featured in that a signal in phase with the modulating signal produced from an emitter of a transistor and a signal opposite in phase with respect to the same modulating signal produced from a collector of a transistor are alternately transmitted at the frequency of carrier wave by switching diodes. The switching diodes are driven alternately by the carrier wave. Accordingly a produced signal is very similar to the amplitude modulated signal in which the carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will become readily understood from the following description taken in conjunction with a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an amplitude-modulated generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a diagram showing the waveform of a modulating signal;
FIG. 2(b) is a diagram showing the waveform of a carrier wave;
FIG. 2(c) is a diagram showing the waveform of an output from a phase divider circuit used in the amplitude-modulated generator of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 2(d) is a diagram showing the waveform of an amplitude modulated output generated from the amplitude-modulated generator of FIG. 1.
Referring first to FIG. 1, an amplitude-modulated signal generator shown therein comprises input terminal 1 to which a modulating signal is supplied, phase dividing circuit 2, and a pair of switching diodes 3 and 4 connected in parallel to each other in the opposite sense of polarity. It further comprises carrier wave amplifier 5, having input terminal 6 to which the carrier wave is supplied. Output terminal 7 is provided for producing an amplitude modulated signal.
Phase dividing circuit 2 comprises a coupling capacitor C1, series-connected bias resistors R1 and R2, n-p-n type transistor Q1 and series-connected load resistors R3 and R4. Bias resistor R1 is inserted between the base of transistor Q1 and power source line 8, and bias resistor R2 is inserted between the base of transistor Q1 and the ground. Load resistor R3 is inserted between the collector of transistor Q1 and power source line 8, and load resistor R4 is inserted between the emitter of transistor Q1 and the ground. A junction between bias resistors R1 and R2 which is connected to the base of transistor Q1 is connected to input terminal 1 through coupling capacitor C1.
Switching diode 3 has its anode and cathode connected respectively to the emitter of transistor Q1 and the anode of the switching diode 4 having its cathode connected to the collector of the transistor Q1. A junction between the cathode of switching diode 3 and the anode of switching diode 4 is in turn connected through coupling capacitor C2 to output terminal 7 and also through load resistor R7 to amplifier 5.
It is to be noted that load resistors R3 and R4 have their respective resistances approximately equal to each other. It is also to be noted that the resistances of the respective bias resistors R1 and R2 are so selected that, for a given power source voltage +Vcc supplied to power source line 8, and assuming that no modulating signal is applied to input terminal 1, the D.C. potentials at the emitter and collector of transistor Q1 are Vcc/4 and 3Vcc/4, respectively.
While the amplitude-modulated generator is constructed as hereinbefore described, it operates in the following manner.
Assuming that the modulating signal has a waveform shown in FIG. 2(a) and is fed to input terminal 1 while the carrier wave having a frequency sufficiently higher than that of the modulating signal, such as shown in FIG. 2(b), is fed to input terminal 6, the potential at the emitter of transistor Q1 varies in accordance with the modulating signal applied to the base of transistor Q1, fluctuating above and below the D.C. potential of Vcc/4 in the same phase as the modulating signal, as shown by waveform We in FIG. 2(c). On the other hand, the potential at the collector of transistor Q1 fluctuates above and below the D.C. potential of 3Vcc/4 in the opposite phase to the modulating signal applied to the base of transistor Q1, as shown by waveform Wc in FIG. 2(c).
Accordingly, a phase-matched signal We, matched in phase with the modulating signal, and a phase-reversed signal Wc, in a phase opposite to that of the modulating signal, are generated respectively from the emitter and the collector of transistor Q1.
When the carrier wave, as shown in FIG. 2(b) is applied to input terminal 6, transistor Q2 turns on during the positive-going half-cycle of the carrier wave thereby producing a LOW signal at the collector of transistor Q2. Then, during the negative-going half-cycle of the same, transistor Q2 turns off, thereby producing a HIGH signal at the collector of transistor Q2.
When the collector of transistor Q2 produces LOW as the result of the switch on of transistor Q2 as hereinabove described, the cathode of switching diode 3 and the anode of switching diode 4 are connected to the ground through the resistor R7 and transistor Q2. In such a condition, switching diode 4 is turned off because the anode potential thereof is lower than the cathode potential thereof, and, at the same time, switching diode 3 is turned on because the cathode potential thereof is lower than the anode potential thereof.
When switching diodes 3 and 4 are, respectively, switched on and off during the positive-going half-cycle of the carrier wave, the phase-matched signal We from the emitter of transistor Q1 is transmitted to output terminal 7 through the coupling capacitor C2.
On the contrary, when the collector of transistor Q2 produces HIGH during the negative-going half-cycle of the carrier wave as the result of the switch off of transistor Q2, the cathode of switching diode 3 and the anode of switching diode 4 are connected to power source line 8 through load resistors R7 and R5. When so connected, switching diode 3 is turned off because the cathode potential thereof is higher than the anode potential thereof and, at the same time, switching diode 4 is turned on because the anode potential thereof is higher than the cathode potential thereof.
When switching diodes 3 and 4 are, respectively, switched off and on during the negative-going half-cycle of the carrier wave, the phase-reversed signal Wc from the collector of transistor Q1 is transmitted to output terminal 7 through coupling capacitor C2.
Therefore, from output terminal 7, the phase-matched and phase-reversed signals We and Wc are alternately generated during each complete cycle of the carrier wave and, accordingly, a signal very similar to the amplitude modulated signal wherein the carrier wave is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal as shown in FIG. 2(d) can be obtained.
It has now become clear that, in the construction of the amplitude-modulated signal generator according to the present invention, the phase dividing circuit 2 can be constructed with the minimized number of component parts, such as transistor Q1, bias resistors R1 and R2 and load resistors R3 and R4. Furthermore, no need to use any transformer.
According to the embodiment described above in connection to FIG. 1, when transistor Q2 is switched on, resistors R4 and R7 are parallelly connected between the emitter of transistor Q1 and the ground and, therefore, the load resistance of transistor Q1 at the emitter thereof can be given by R4 //R7. When transistor Q2 is switched off, resistor R3 and series resistors R7 and R5 are parallelly connected between the collector of transistor Q1 and the voltage source +Vcc. Therefore, the load resistance of transistor Q1 at the collector thereof can be given by R3 //(R5 +R7). Accordingly, when the loads on the emitter and collector sides of transistor Q1 are desired to be counterbalanced, resistors R3, R4, R7 and R5 should be so selected as to meet the following requirement:
R.sub.3 =R.sub.4, R.sub.4 <R.sub.7 and R.sub.7 >>R.sub.5.
It is desired to further counterbalance between the loads connected to emitter and collector of transistor Q1, load adjusting resistor R8 having a resistance equal to that of the load resistor R5 may be connected between the cathode of the switching diode 3 and the anode of the switching diode 4 as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 1.
Moreover, in place of carrier wave amplifier 5, a carrier wave oscillator may be used for driving the switching diodes 3 and 4 alternately.
In addition, although the transistors Q1 and Q2 have been described and shown as an n-p-n type, they may be a p-n-p type or a field-effect transistor.
Although the present invention has been fully described with reference to a preferred embodiment, many modifications and variations thereof will now be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention is therefore to be limited not by the details of the preferred embodiment described above, but only by the terms of appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. An amplitude-modulated generator which comprises:
a phase dividing circuit having a first transistor to which a modulating signal is supplied, said first transistor generating a first signal from its emitter and a second signal from its collector, said first and second signals having a waveform which is similar to that of said modulating signal but the phase of said first signal being opposite to that of the second signal;
a first switching means connected to the emitter of said first transistor;
a second switching means connected to the collector of said first transistor, said first and second switching means connected to said first transistor in opposite direction;
a driving means for driving said first and second switching means in accordance with a carrier wave having a waveform which consists of alternately repeated first and second half-cycles such that said first and second switching means are turned on and off, respectively, during the first half-cycles of said carrier wave, and said first and second switching means are turned off and on, respectively, during the second half-cycles of said carrier wave; and
an output means connected to said first and second switching means for outputting said first and second signals alternately at a rate corresponding to the frequency of said carrier wave, whereby a signal produced from said output means is substantially equivalent to an amplitude-modulated signal consisting of a carrier wave which is amplitude modulated by the modulating signal.
2. An amplitude-modulated generator of claim 1, wherein said first and second switching means comprise first and second switching diodes.
3. An amplitude-modulated generator of claim 2, wherein said driving means comprises a second transistor to which said carrier wave is supplied, said second transistor being connected to said first and second switching diodes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1983182363U JPS6090912U (en) | 1983-11-25 | 1983-11-25 | amplitude modulation circuit |
| JP58-182363[U] | 1983-11-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4591811A true US4591811A (en) | 1986-05-27 |
Family
ID=16117000
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/667,372 Expired - Lifetime US4591811A (en) | 1983-11-25 | 1984-11-01 | Generator for generating an amplitude modulated signal corresponding to a carrier signal modulated by an information signal |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4591811A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6090912U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010005176A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-06-28 | Ludwig Hofmann | Transmission of data by ultrasound |
| US20070247252A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-25 | Lexel Imaging Systems, Inc. | Ascertaining zero crossing of a carrier waveform for transmitting and receiving signals with substantially no sidebands |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3624559A (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1971-11-30 | Rca Corp | Phase or frequency modulator using pin diodes |
| US3898590A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-08-05 | Harris Intertype Corp | Progressive amplitude modulator |
| US3974460A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1976-08-10 | Sony Corporation | High frequency modulator, such as an amplitude modulator, including a frequency multiplier |
| US4313094A (en) * | 1979-10-17 | 1982-01-26 | Rockwell International Corporation | Modulation device for substituting for a double balanced mixer |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54107660A (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-08-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Amplitude modulation circuit |
| JPS5582530A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1980-06-21 | Sony Corp | Phase shifter |
-
1983
- 1983-11-25 JP JP1983182363U patent/JPS6090912U/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-11-01 US US06/667,372 patent/US4591811A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3624559A (en) * | 1970-01-02 | 1971-11-30 | Rca Corp | Phase or frequency modulator using pin diodes |
| US3898590A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-08-05 | Harris Intertype Corp | Progressive amplitude modulator |
| US3974460A (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1976-08-10 | Sony Corporation | High frequency modulator, such as an amplitude modulator, including a frequency multiplier |
| US4313094A (en) * | 1979-10-17 | 1982-01-26 | Rockwell International Corporation | Modulation device for substituting for a double balanced mixer |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010005176A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-06-28 | Ludwig Hofmann | Transmission of data by ultrasound |
| US6950681B2 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2005-09-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Transmission of data by ultrasound |
| US20070247252A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-25 | Lexel Imaging Systems, Inc. | Ascertaining zero crossing of a carrier waveform for transmitting and receiving signals with substantially no sidebands |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6090912U (en) | 1985-06-21 |
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