US4583687A - Fuel injection nozzle - Google Patents

Fuel injection nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US4583687A
US4583687A US06/617,378 US61737884A US4583687A US 4583687 A US4583687 A US 4583687A US 61737884 A US61737884 A US 61737884A US 4583687 A US4583687 A US 4583687A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve member
bore
clearance
extension
seating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/617,378
Inventor
David J. Gaskell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF International UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Lucas Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucas Industries Ltd filed Critical Lucas Industries Ltd
Assigned to LUCAS INDUSTRES PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY, GREAT KING ST., BIRMINGHAM B19 2XF, ENGLAND reassignment LUCAS INDUSTRES PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY, GREAT KING ST., BIRMINGHAM B19 2XF, ENGLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GASKELL, DAVID J.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4583687A publication Critical patent/US4583687A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel injection nozzles of the kind comprising a nozzle body, a blind bore formed in the body, a seating defined about an outlet opening into the blind end of the bore, a valve member slidable in the bore, one end of the valve member being shaped to co-operate with said seating, said one end of the valve member being provided with an extension which extends with clearance through said outlet opening, the valve member and bore over substantially half the length of the valve defining a clearance along which in use, fuel can flow from a fuel inlet through said opening, said extension as the valve member is lifted from the seating controlling fuel flow through the opening.
  • Such nozzles are known in the art as "pintle” nozzles and have particular application in certain types of engine.
  • the extension by suitable shaping can be used to modify the profile of the fuel spray issuing through the outlet opening and can also be used to modify the rate of fuel delivery.
  • carbon deposits tend to build up on the wall of the opening and such deposits impair the operation of the nozzle.
  • the rate of deposit is to some extent dependent upon the quality of the fuel and with the prospect of having to use poorer quality fuels in the future, it can be expected that the problems of carbon deposit will become more severe.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle of the kind specified in which the risk of carbon deposit is minimised.
  • the portion of the bore and the portion of the valve member which do not define said clearance are constructed so as to allow sideways movement of the extension within said opening.
  • the nozzle comprises a body 10 of stepped form the narrower end of the body in use being exposed within a combustion space of an associated engine.
  • the nozzle body in practice, is secured to a support member or holder by a cap nut.
  • a blind bore 11 Formed within the body is a blind bore 11 and this extends from the wider end of the body to adjacent the narrower end thereof.
  • a seating 12 At the blind end of the bore there is a defined a seating 12 about an outlet opening 13 and intermediate the ends of the bore the latter is provided with an enlargement 14 which communicates with a fuel inlet conveniently formed in the aforesaid holder, by way of inlet passage 15.
  • the passage 15 in use is connected to the outlet of a fuel injection pump 16.
  • Located within the bore is a valve member 17 and at its end adjacent the seating, the valve member is shaped to co-operate with the seating 12. Moreover, the valve member mounts an extension 18 which projects with clearance through the outlet opening 13.
  • valve member which is disposed between the enlargment and the blind end of the bore is of reduced diameter to define an annular clearance 19 which communicates with the enlargement 14 and hence with the inlet passage 15.
  • valve member at its end remote from the seating, defines a peg 20 which carries a spring abutment 21 the latter being engaged by a coiled compression spring 22.
  • the spring is mounted within a vented chamber defined in the aforesaid holder or supporting body.
  • the fuel pressure acting on the differential area of the valve member creates a force acting to move the valve member against the action of the spring 22.
  • the valve member is lifted from its seating to allow fuel flow through the annular clearance defined between the extension and the wall of the opening 13.
  • the extension is profiled to control the fuel flow through the opening and may be profiled to alter the shape of the fuel spray issuing from the opening and/or the rate at which fuel can flow through the opening.
  • the narrower end portion of the nozzle body is exposed to the combustion chamber it becomes heated by the combustion process and fuel tends to carbonise on the wall of the opening 13 and also the extension 18 and the downstream portion of the seating 12.
  • the deposit of carbon can build up to the extent that the operation of the nozzle is impaired.
  • the portion of the bore 11 which lies between the enlargement 14 and the wider end of the body and which is referenced 11A, together with the portion of the valve member 17 within that portion of the bore, are shaped to permit sideways movement of the extension 18 within the opening 13. It is found that this substantially reduces the risk of carbon deposit being formed on those parts.
  • the sideways movement of the valve member is achieved by arranging that the portion 11A of the bore tapers inwardly from the enlargement 14.
  • the associated portion of the valve member 17 is of right cylindrical form and this means that in use, the valve member will tend to rock about the end portion of the bore 11A removed from the enlargement 14.
  • the radial clearance between the bore 11A and the valve member at the end adjacent the enlargement is in the particular example, 0.003 mm and at the opposite end of the portion 11A, 0.001 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A fuel injection nozzle has a valve member which is axially movable within a bore in a nozzle body. It is resiliently urged into contact with a seating at one end of the bore and carries an extension which projects with clearance through an opening at said one end of the bore. Intermediate the ends of the bore is an enlargement to which fuel under pressure can be supplied and the portions of the bore between the enlargement and the other end of the bore tapers inwardly from the enlargement to allow the extension to partake of sideways movement within the opening to minimize the risk of carbon deposit forming in the opening and on the extension.

Description

This invention relates to fuel injection nozzles of the kind comprising a nozzle body, a blind bore formed in the body, a seating defined about an outlet opening into the blind end of the bore, a valve member slidable in the bore, one end of the valve member being shaped to co-operate with said seating, said one end of the valve member being provided with an extension which extends with clearance through said outlet opening, the valve member and bore over substantially half the length of the valve defining a clearance along which in use, fuel can flow from a fuel inlet through said opening, said extension as the valve member is lifted from the seating controlling fuel flow through the opening.
Such nozzles are known in the art as "pintle" nozzles and have particular application in certain types of engine. The extension by suitable shaping can be used to modify the profile of the fuel spray issuing through the outlet opening and can also be used to modify the rate of fuel delivery. Unfortunately due to the heat in the combustion chamber, carbon deposits tend to build up on the wall of the opening and such deposits impair the operation of the nozzle. The rate of deposit is to some extent dependent upon the quality of the fuel and with the prospect of having to use poorer quality fuels in the future, it can be expected that the problems of carbon deposit will become more severe.
The object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle of the kind specified in which the risk of carbon deposit is minimised.
According to the invention the portion of the bore and the portion of the valve member which do not define said clearance, are constructed so as to allow sideways movement of the extension within said opening.
An example of a fuel injection nozzle in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows the nozzle in sectional side elevation.
Referring to the drawing the nozzle comprises a body 10 of stepped form the narrower end of the body in use being exposed within a combustion space of an associated engine. The nozzle body in practice, is secured to a support member or holder by a cap nut. Formed within the body is a blind bore 11 and this extends from the wider end of the body to adjacent the narrower end thereof. At the blind end of the bore there is a defined a seating 12 about an outlet opening 13 and intermediate the ends of the bore the latter is provided with an enlargement 14 which communicates with a fuel inlet conveniently formed in the aforesaid holder, by way of inlet passage 15. The passage 15 in use is connected to the outlet of a fuel injection pump 16. Located within the bore is a valve member 17 and at its end adjacent the seating, the valve member is shaped to co-operate with the seating 12. Moreover, the valve member mounts an extension 18 which projects with clearance through the outlet opening 13.
The portion of the valve member which is disposed between the enlargment and the blind end of the bore is of reduced diameter to define an annular clearance 19 which communicates with the enlargement 14 and hence with the inlet passage 15.
The valve member at its end remote from the seating, defines a peg 20 which carries a spring abutment 21 the latter being engaged by a coiled compression spring 22. Conveniently the spring is mounted within a vented chamber defined in the aforesaid holder or supporting body.
In operation, when fuel under pressure is supplied to the enlargement 14 from the fuel pump 16, the fuel pressure acting on the differential area of the valve member creates a force acting to move the valve member against the action of the spring 22. When the force exerted by the spring is overcome, the valve member is lifted from its seating to allow fuel flow through the annular clearance defined between the extension and the wall of the opening 13. The extension is profiled to control the fuel flow through the opening and may be profiled to alter the shape of the fuel spray issuing from the opening and/or the rate at which fuel can flow through the opening.
As mentioned above since the narrower end portion of the nozzle body is exposed to the combustion chamber it becomes heated by the combustion process and fuel tends to carbonise on the wall of the opening 13 and also the extension 18 and the downstream portion of the seating 12. The deposit of carbon can build up to the extent that the operation of the nozzle is impaired. In order to minimise the tendency for carbon deposit to form, the portion of the bore 11 which lies between the enlargement 14 and the wider end of the body and which is referenced 11A, together with the portion of the valve member 17 within that portion of the bore, are shaped to permit sideways movement of the extension 18 within the opening 13. It is found that this substantially reduces the risk of carbon deposit being formed on those parts. The sideways movement of the valve member is achieved by arranging that the portion 11A of the bore tapers inwardly from the enlargement 14. The associated portion of the valve member 17 is of right cylindrical form and this means that in use, the valve member will tend to rock about the end portion of the bore 11A removed from the enlargement 14. The radial clearance between the bore 11A and the valve member at the end adjacent the enlargement is in the particular example, 0.003 mm and at the opposite end of the portion 11A, 0.001 mm.
The sideways movement results in mechanical removal of the deposit as it is formed, but should not be such that metal to metal contact of the extension and the wall of the outlet opening could take place.

Claims (2)

I claim:
1. A fuel injection nozzle for supplying fuel to a combustion space of an internal combustion engine, comprising a nozzle body, a blind bore formed in the body, said blind bore having a blind end, a seating defined about an outlet opening extending from the blind end of the bore, a valve member slidable in the bore, one end of the valve member being shaped for cooperation with the seating, an extension at the one end of the valve member, said extension extending with clearance through said outlet opening, a coiled compression spring action on an other end of the valve member to urge the valve member into contact with the seating, the valve member and bore over substantially half the length of the valve member from said one end thereof defining a clearance, the valve member having a portion extending from the other end thereof to said clearance, a fuel inlet passage in the body, said fuel inlet passage communicating at one end with said clearance and at its other end in use with a high pressure fuel pump, characterized in that the portion of the valve member extending from the other end thereof to said clearance is of right cylindrical form, and the portion of the bore in which said portion of the valve member is located tapers inwardly in the direction away from the seating to a position closely adjacent said portion of the valve member whereby in use, the extension can partake of sideways movement in said outlet opening.
2. A nozzle according to claim 1 in which the radial clearance between the bore and said valve member at the wider end of said portion of the bore is 0.003 mm and at the narrower end of the bore 0.001 mm.
US06/617,378 1983-07-09 1984-06-05 Fuel injection nozzle Expired - Fee Related US4583687A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB838318634A GB8318634D0 (en) 1983-07-09 1983-07-09 Fuel injection nozzles
GB8318634 1983-07-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4583687A true US4583687A (en) 1986-04-22

Family

ID=10545499

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/617,378 Expired - Fee Related US4583687A (en) 1983-07-09 1984-06-05 Fuel injection nozzle

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4583687A (en)
JP (1) JPS6019956A (en)
DE (1) DE3424892A1 (en)
ES (1) ES533349A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2548734B1 (en)
GB (2) GB8318634D0 (en)
IT (1) IT1174177B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU575572B2 (en) * 1983-07-22 1988-08-04 Peretz Rosenberg Rotary sprinkler
US6109540A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-08-29 Caterpillar Inc. Outwardly opening nozzle valve for a fuel injector
US20050161536A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device inhibiting abrasion
US20070272771A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2007-11-29 Bosch Coporation Fuel Injection Valve For Internal Combustion Engine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2141624T3 (en) * 1997-03-26 2000-03-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag FUEL INJECTION NOZZLE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE21620C (en) * A. SCHWAN in Berlin C., Jüdenstr, 25 III Innovation in roller housings for draw curtains
GB537892A (en) * 1940-04-15 1941-07-10 Stanton Willis Bates Improvements in or relating to hydrocarbon vapour burners
US2470717A (en) * 1944-03-16 1949-05-17 Palumbo Vincent Fuel injector for internalcombustion engines
US2595639A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-05-06 American Bosch Corp Fuel injection apparatus
GB812037A (en) * 1956-04-13 1959-04-15 Roosa Vernon D Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US3111271A (en) * 1959-06-11 1963-11-19 Greiff Svenska Maskin Ab Control needle for a spray device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071197A (en) * 1976-02-19 1978-01-31 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Fuel injector with self-centering valve
GB2102877A (en) * 1981-07-25 1983-02-09 Vysoke Uceni Tech Brne Injection nozzle for fuel injection engines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE21620C (en) * A. SCHWAN in Berlin C., Jüdenstr, 25 III Innovation in roller housings for draw curtains
GB537892A (en) * 1940-04-15 1941-07-10 Stanton Willis Bates Improvements in or relating to hydrocarbon vapour burners
US2470717A (en) * 1944-03-16 1949-05-17 Palumbo Vincent Fuel injector for internalcombustion engines
US2595639A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-05-06 American Bosch Corp Fuel injection apparatus
GB812037A (en) * 1956-04-13 1959-04-15 Roosa Vernon D Fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines
US3111271A (en) * 1959-06-11 1963-11-19 Greiff Svenska Maskin Ab Control needle for a spray device

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU575572B2 (en) * 1983-07-22 1988-08-04 Peretz Rosenberg Rotary sprinkler
US6109540A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-08-29 Caterpillar Inc. Outwardly opening nozzle valve for a fuel injector
US20070272771A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2007-11-29 Bosch Coporation Fuel Injection Valve For Internal Combustion Engine
US20050161536A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device inhibiting abrasion
FR2865505A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-29 Denso Corp Fuel injection device for e.g. Diesel engine, has injection unit including guiding part, where ratio of minimal thickness of injection unit at level of guiding part to outer diameter of sliding part of injection needle is of specific value
US7367517B2 (en) 2004-01-27 2008-05-06 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device inhibiting abrasion
US20080173734A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2008-07-24 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device inhibiting abrasion
US7635098B2 (en) 2004-01-27 2009-12-22 Denso Corporation Fuel injection device inhibiting abrasion
DE102005003663B4 (en) * 2004-01-27 2015-09-03 Denso Corporation Fuel injectors with reduced wear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8413570D0 (en) 1984-07-04
GB2142973A (en) 1985-01-30
GB8318634D0 (en) 1983-08-10
FR2548734B1 (en) 1987-06-05
JPH0436266B2 (en) 1992-06-15
IT8421360A0 (en) 1984-06-12
DE3424892A1 (en) 1985-01-17
GB2142973B (en) 1987-06-03
ES8504337A1 (en) 1985-04-16
JPS6019956A (en) 1985-02-01
IT1174177B (en) 1987-07-01
ES533349A0 (en) 1985-04-16
FR2548734A1 (en) 1985-01-11

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: LUCAS INDUSTRES PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY, GREAT KING

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GASKELL, DAVID J.;REEL/FRAME:004273/0827

Effective date: 19840518

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

REMI Maintenance fee reminder mailed
LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 19940705

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362