US4578309A - Laminated material - Google Patents
Laminated material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4578309A US4578309A US06/636,009 US63600984A US4578309A US 4578309 A US4578309 A US 4578309A US 63600984 A US63600984 A US 63600984A US 4578309 A US4578309 A US 4578309A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- laminated material
- cross
- microcellular
- layer
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
- B44C1/105—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics comprising an adhesive layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
- B44F1/08—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects characterised by colour effects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
- C09J7/26—Porous or cellular plastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/35—Heat-activated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
- B32B2037/1215—Hot-melt adhesive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/026—Porous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/72—Cured, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/02—Temperature
- B32B2309/022—Temperature vs pressure profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2519/00—Labels, badges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]
- Y10T156/1041—Subsequent to lamination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
- Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
- Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
- Y10T428/2826—Synthetic resin or polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31554—Next to second layer of polyamidoester
Definitions
- This invention relates to a laminated material.
- the method comprises assembling a laminate, which has at least one layer of decorative material and a layer of hot melt adhesive adhered thereto, with the textile to which the motif is to be applied. Heat is then applied to the assembly via a die, which is shaped to correspond to the desired motif, whereby the hot melt adhesive is activated in the peripheral regions of the motif in order to adhere the decorative material to the textile substrate in the peripheral regions. The die is then removed and the laminate is stripped from the substrate leaving only the motif defined by the die on the substrate.
- a laminated material comprising a layer of a microcellular material capable of changing colour upon the application of heat and pressure, and a layer of an adhesive bonded thereto.
- the microcellular material is a microporous material, more preferably microporous coagulated polyurethane. This can be produced by coagulation from an emulsion in order to form a sheet.
- the surface of the microcellular material not bonded to the adhesive is preferably provided with a sueded appearance.
- the adhesive is desirably an adhesive having a latent adhesive capacity more preferably a latent cross-linking adhesive capacity.
- the adhesive is most conveniently of the kind which can be cross-linked by heat and advantageously comprises a urethane material.
- the adhesive layer is formed from a polyurethane pre-polymer solution which is prepared by mixing polyol and isocyanate components with a solvent.
- the adhesive is stable at room temperature, and cross-links rapidly and irreversibly at temperatures above about 90° C. It is desirable that substantially no cross-linking of the adhesive occurs at temperatures below about 80° C.
- the adhesive is applied to the surface of the microcellular material by spraying.
- a solution of the adhesive in a solvent may be sprayed onto the surface through an airless dispenser pump and hand spray equipment.
- the adhesive may comprise a water based polyurethane such as an aliphatic polyester/urethane block polymer, and in this case an aqueous solvent may be used.
- a water based polyurethane such as an aliphatic polyester/urethane block polymer
- an aqueous solvent may be used.
- Other urethane systems may be used and the solvent may be an organic solvent.
- the solvent may be removed, for example by evaporation. If necessary, heat may be applied in order to quicken the evaporation process. This leaves the adhesive uniformly coated on the surface in a dry substantially non-adhesive condition.
- a film of adhesive is applied to the surface of the microcellular material.
- a solution of the adhesive may first be coated on release paper.
- the film advantageously possesses characteristics of a hot-melt adhesive at temperatures below the cross-linking temperature, so that it can be adhered to the surface of the microporous material at a temperature below the cross-linking temperature. After the adhesive has been adhered to the surface of the microporous material, the release paper may be stripped from the adhesive.
- a method of applying a decorative layer or motif to a substrate comprising assembling a laminated material as described above with a substrate, applying pressure by means of a heated die to compress discrete areas of the upper surface of the microcellular material, and activating the adhesive in order to effect bonding between the laminated material and the substrate.
- the adhesive is an adhesive having a latent cross-linking capacity, as described above, and is heated to a temperature above its cross-linking temperature so that it cross-links irreversibly.
- the decorative layer or motif comprises a label, more preferably a label for a garment.
- the decorative layer or motif may also comprise decorative panelling or eyelets.
- the substrate is preferably a garment, but may form part of a shoe upper, a belt or a handbag.
- the substrate may be a textile material such as natural suede leather, artificial suede leather, canvas, coated or woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, plastics such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane, or any other natural or synthetic materials.
- the die includes a shaped projection which is adapted to heat and compress the discrete areas of the microcellular material. This causes the discrete areas to take on an apparently different colour.
- the shaped projection can be configured to produce a wide variety of different effects upon the surface of the microporous material, such as leather graining, simulated stitching, imitation quilting and logos.
- the die may also include a severing edge for cutting the decorative layer or motif from the laminated material.
- the severing edge may be adapted to act as a heating zone in order to activate the adhesive in the peripheral regions of the decorative layer or motif, thereby bonding the decorative layer or motif to the substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated material according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a die used in conjunction with the method of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated material according to the invention and a substrate, prior to assembly using the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the laminated material and the substrate after assembly using the method of the present invention.
- a laminated material generally designated 1 comprises a layer 2 of a microcellular microporous coagulated polyurethane having a layer 3 of a latent cross-linking adhesive bonded to a lower surface thereof.
- the adhesive layer 3 can be formed from a polyurethane pre-polymer solution and has characteristics such that it cross-links rapidly and irreversibly at temperatures above about 90° C. At room temperature the adhesive layer 3 is stable, and substantially no cross-linking occurs at temperatures below about 80° C.
- the adhesive layer 3 can be bonded to the microcellular layer at a temperature of about 40° C., at which temperature the adhesive has characteristics of a hot-melt adhesive and is sufficiently "tacky" to create an effective bond between the adhesive layer and the polyurethane layer. Since the temperature at which the polyurethane layer 2 and the adhesive layer 3 are bonded is well below 80° C., substantially no cross-linking of the adhesive occurs.
- a solution of the adhesive layer in a solvent can be sprayed onto the lower surface of the microcellular layer, and the solvent can be removed by evaporation leaving the adhesive layer 3.
- a die is generally designated 5.
- a lower surface 8 of the die 5 is provided with a severing edge 9 and with a shaped projection 10 for producing a pattern on an upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1. Both the severing edge 9 and the shaped projection 10 act as heating zones.
- the die 5 is shaped to cut a circular motif 13 having an annular pattern thereon from the laminated material 1, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the laminated material 1 is arranged over a substrate 11, so that the adhesive layer 3 faces the substrate.
- the laminated material 1 and the substrate 11 in FIG. 3 form an assembly 12 which is subjected to heat and pressure using the die 5.
- the layer of adhesive 3 is activated in the regions which underlie the severing edge 9 and the shaped projection 10 by the heat from the die.
- the temperature of the heating zones of the die 5 is above 90° C. and causes the activated areas of the adhesive to cross-link irreversibly in order to bond the laminated material 1 to the substrate 11.
- the severing edge 9 defines the shape of the motif 13 which it is desired to cut from the laminated material 1 and bond to the substrate 11, and it cuts the laminated material 1 at the same time as the adhesive layer 3 is activated.
- the shaped projection 10 of the die 5 compresses and heats discrete areas 14 of the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1 which underlie the shaped projection 10 of the die 5. This causes the microcellular structure to be compacted in this region, and alters the apparent colour of the compressed part of the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1 in the discrete areas 14. In this way a "two-tone" effect is produced on the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1.
- the die 5 is withdrawn and the part of the laminated material 1 not corresponding to the motif 13 can be removed leaving the motif bonded to the substrate 11 as shown in FIG. 4.
- layers 2 and 3 of the laminated material 1 have been shown as a single layer.
- the shape of the severing edge 9 and the projection 10 may be altered in order to change the configuration of the motif 13 or the discrete areas 14.
Abstract
A laminated material comprises a layer (2) of a microcellular material capable of changing color upon the application of heat and pressure and having a layer of adhesive (3) bonded thereto. The laminated material can be used in a method of applying a decorative layer or motif (13) to a substrate (11) using a die (5). The die includes shaped projections (10) for heating and compressing the discrete areas of the microcellular material in order to change its color, and includes severing edges (9) for cutting the decorative layer or motif (13) from the laminated material.
Description
This invention relates to a laminated material.
In my U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,572,789 there is described and claimed a method for the application of motifs to textiles. The method comprises assembling a laminate, which has at least one layer of decorative material and a layer of hot melt adhesive adhered thereto, with the textile to which the motif is to be applied. Heat is then applied to the assembly via a die, which is shaped to correspond to the desired motif, whereby the hot melt adhesive is activated in the peripheral regions of the motif in order to adhere the decorative material to the textile substrate in the peripheral regions. The die is then removed and the laminate is stripped from the substrate leaving only the motif defined by the die on the substrate.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a laminated material comprising a layer of a microcellular material capable of changing colour upon the application of heat and pressure, and a layer of an adhesive bonded thereto.
Preferably the microcellular material is a microporous material, more preferably microporous coagulated polyurethane. This can be produced by coagulation from an emulsion in order to form a sheet.
The surface of the microcellular material not bonded to the adhesive is preferably provided with a sueded appearance.
The adhesive is desirably an adhesive having a latent adhesive capacity more preferably a latent cross-linking adhesive capacity. The adhesive is most conveniently of the kind which can be cross-linked by heat and advantageously comprises a urethane material.
Most preferably the adhesive layer is formed from a polyurethane pre-polymer solution which is prepared by mixing polyol and isocyanate components with a solvent.
Advantageously the adhesive is stable at room temperature, and cross-links rapidly and irreversibly at temperatures above about 90° C. It is desirable that substantially no cross-linking of the adhesive occurs at temperatures below about 80° C.
In one embodiment the adhesive is applied to the surface of the microcellular material by spraying. In this embodiment a solution of the adhesive in a solvent may be sprayed onto the surface through an airless dispenser pump and hand spray equipment.
The adhesive may comprise a water based polyurethane such as an aliphatic polyester/urethane block polymer, and in this case an aqueous solvent may be used. Other urethane systems may be used and the solvent may be an organic solvent.
After the solution has been sprayed on the surface, the solvent may be removed, for example by evaporation. If necessary, heat may be applied in order to quicken the evaporation process. This leaves the adhesive uniformly coated on the surface in a dry substantially non-adhesive condition.
In an alternative embodiment a film of adhesive is applied to the surface of the microcellular material. In this embodiment a solution of the adhesive may first be coated on release paper.
The film advantageously possesses characteristics of a hot-melt adhesive at temperatures below the cross-linking temperature, so that it can be adhered to the surface of the microporous material at a temperature below the cross-linking temperature. After the adhesive has been adhered to the surface of the microporous material, the release paper may be stripped from the adhesive.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of applying a decorative layer or motif to a substrate, comprising assembling a laminated material as described above with a substrate, applying pressure by means of a heated die to compress discrete areas of the upper surface of the microcellular material, and activating the adhesive in order to effect bonding between the laminated material and the substrate.
Advantageously the adhesive is an adhesive having a latent cross-linking capacity, as described above, and is heated to a temperature above its cross-linking temperature so that it cross-links irreversibly.
Preferably the decorative layer or motif comprises a label, more preferably a label for a garment. The decorative layer or motif may also comprise decorative panelling or eyelets. The substrate is preferably a garment, but may form part of a shoe upper, a belt or a handbag.
The substrate may be a textile material such as natural suede leather, artificial suede leather, canvas, coated or woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, plastics such as polyvinyl chloride or polyurethane, or any other natural or synthetic materials.
Advantageously, the die includes a shaped projection which is adapted to heat and compress the discrete areas of the microcellular material. This causes the discrete areas to take on an apparently different colour.
The shaped projection can be configured to produce a wide variety of different effects upon the surface of the microporous material, such as leather graining, simulated stitching, imitation quilting and logos.
The die may also include a severing edge for cutting the decorative layer or motif from the laminated material. The severing edge may be adapted to act as a heating zone in order to activate the adhesive in the peripheral regions of the decorative layer or motif, thereby bonding the decorative layer or motif to the substrate.
Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated material according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a die used in conjunction with the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated material according to the invention and a substrate, prior to assembly using the method of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the laminated material and the substrate after assembly using the method of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a laminated material generally designated 1 comprises a layer 2 of a microcellular microporous coagulated polyurethane having a layer 3 of a latent cross-linking adhesive bonded to a lower surface thereof.
The adhesive layer 3 can be formed from a polyurethane pre-polymer solution and has characteristics such that it cross-links rapidly and irreversibly at temperatures above about 90° C. At room temperature the adhesive layer 3 is stable, and substantially no cross-linking occurs at temperatures below about 80° C.
The adhesive layer 3 can be bonded to the microcellular layer at a temperature of about 40° C., at which temperature the adhesive has characteristics of a hot-melt adhesive and is sufficiently "tacky" to create an effective bond between the adhesive layer and the polyurethane layer. Since the temperature at which the polyurethane layer 2 and the adhesive layer 3 are bonded is well below 80° C., substantially no cross-linking of the adhesive occurs.
Alternatively a solution of the adhesive layer in a solvent can be sprayed onto the lower surface of the microcellular layer, and the solvent can be removed by evaporation leaving the adhesive layer 3.
In FIG. 2 a die is generally designated 5. A lower surface 8 of the die 5 is provided with a severing edge 9 and with a shaped projection 10 for producing a pattern on an upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1. Both the severing edge 9 and the shaped projection 10 act as heating zones.
The die 5 is shaped to cut a circular motif 13 having an annular pattern thereon from the laminated material 1, as shown in FIG. 4.
Referring to FIG. 3 the laminated material 1 is arranged over a substrate 11, so that the adhesive layer 3 faces the substrate.
The laminated material 1 and the substrate 11 in FIG. 3 form an assembly 12 which is subjected to heat and pressure using the die 5.
As the die 5 is pressed into contact with the laminated material 1 the layer of adhesive 3 is activated in the regions which underlie the severing edge 9 and the shaped projection 10 by the heat from the die. The temperature of the heating zones of the die 5 is above 90° C. and causes the activated areas of the adhesive to cross-link irreversibly in order to bond the laminated material 1 to the substrate 11. The severing edge 9 defines the shape of the motif 13 which it is desired to cut from the laminated material 1 and bond to the substrate 11, and it cuts the laminated material 1 at the same time as the adhesive layer 3 is activated.
The shaped projection 10 of the die 5 compresses and heats discrete areas 14 of the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1 which underlie the shaped projection 10 of the die 5. This causes the microcellular structure to be compacted in this region, and alters the apparent colour of the compressed part of the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1 in the discrete areas 14. In this way a "two-tone" effect is produced on the upper surface 2a of the laminated material 1.
After bonding has been effected the die 5 is withdrawn and the part of the laminated material 1 not corresponding to the motif 13 can be removed leaving the motif bonded to the substrate 11 as shown in FIG. 4. For convenience, in FIG. 4 layers 2 and 3 of the laminated material 1 have been shown as a single layer.
It will be appreciated that the shape of the severing edge 9 and the projection 10 may be altered in order to change the configuration of the motif 13 or the discrete areas 14.
Claims (14)
1. A laminated material comprising a layer of a microcellular material capable of changing colour in response to the application of heat and pressure, and a layer of adhesive bonded thereto.
2. A laminated material according to claim 1, in which the microcellular material comprises a microporous coagulated polyurethane.
3. A laminated material according to claim 1, in which the adhesive has a latent adhesive capacity.
4. A laminated material according to claim 3, in which the adhesive has a latent cross-linking adhesive capacity, and can be cross-linked by heat.
5. A laminated material according to claim 4, in which the adhesive is stable at room temperature, and cross-links rapidly and irreversibly at temperatures above about 90° C.
6. A laminated material according to claim 5, in which the adhesive is bonded to the microcellular material by spraying a solution of the adhesive in a solvent onto the surface of the microcellular material, and then evaporating the solvent.
7. A laminated material according to claim 5, in which the adhesive possesses characteristics of a hot-melt adhesive at temperatures below the cross-linking temperature.
8. A laminated material according to claim 7 in which a film of the adhesive is bonded to the microcellular material by heating the film to a temperature below said cross-linking temperature to activate said hot-melt characteristics and applying the film to the surface of the microcellular material.
9. A method of applying a decorative layer or a motif to a substrate, comprising assembling the substrate with a laminated material comprising a layer of microcellular material capable of changing colour in response to the application of heat and pressure, and a layer of adhesive bonded thereto, applying pressure by means of a heated die to compress discrete areas of the upper surface of the microcellular material, and activating the adhesive in order to effect bonding between the laminated material and the substrate.
10. A method according to claim 9, in which the die includes a shaped projection which is adapted to heat and compress the discrete areas of the microcellular material, thereby changing the colour of the microcellular material in said discrete areas.
11. A method according to claim 9, in which the adhesive has a latent cross-linking adhesive capacity, and can be cross-linked by heat.
12. A method according to claim 11, in which the adhesive is heated to a temperature above the temperature at which it cross-links so that it cross-links irreversibly.
13. A method according to claim 9, in which the die includes a severing edge adapted to cut the decorative layer or motif from the laminated material.
14. A method according to claim 13, in which said severing edge is adapted to act as a heating zone in order to activate the adhesive in the peripheral regions of the decorative layer or motif.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8408756 | 1984-04-05 | ||
GB848408756A GB8408756D0 (en) | 1984-04-05 | 1984-04-05 | Laminated material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4578309A true US4578309A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=10559199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/636,009 Expired - Fee Related US4578309A (en) | 1984-04-05 | 1984-07-30 | Laminated material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4578309A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0158535A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60260673A (en) |
GB (2) | GB8408756D0 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990004514A1 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-05-03 | Ted Stahl | Pre-sewn letter and method |
US6030701A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 2000-02-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Melt-flowable materials and method of sealing surfaces |
US6322866B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2001-11-27 | Printmark Industries, Inc. | Appliques for garments and methods of making appliques |
US6448339B1 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2002-09-10 | Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Adhesive composition |
US6485589B1 (en) | 1993-04-15 | 2002-11-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Melt-flowable materials and method of sealing surfaces |
US20100003472A1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | E. S. Originals, Inc. | Luminescent article |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8812787D0 (en) * | 1988-05-28 | 1988-06-29 | Fabrex Ltd | Making of applique articles |
JPH02354U (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1990-01-05 | ||
US7857937B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2010-12-28 | Pepsico, Inc. | Thermosetting hot-melt polyurethane adhesive for labeling a structure |
EP2295242A1 (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-16 | Ferrari S.a.s. di Iannone E. | Coating membrane for furnishing elements |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3629035A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1971-12-21 | Minoru Kuroda | Method of forming applique designs |
US4042433A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1977-08-16 | Compo Industries, Inc. | Appliqueing synthetic resins on sheet material |
GB1572789A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-08-06 | Worth E | Application of motifs to textiles |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2545918A (en) * | 1946-10-03 | 1951-03-20 | Nashua Gummed & Coated Paper | Material suitable for decoration by stamping and process of making same |
US3309257A (en) * | 1963-10-22 | 1967-03-14 | Tapeprinter Inc | Color changeable embossable laminate |
BE756318A (en) * | 1969-09-19 | 1971-03-01 | Polymark Int Ltd | PROCEDURE FOR THE APPLICATION OF TRADEMARKS ON TEXTILE PRODUCTS |
AT373931B (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1984-03-12 | Worth Ernest Henry | METHOD FOR APPLYING REPRODUCTIONS OF EMBROIDERY MOTIVES ON A TEXTILE BASE |
-
1984
- 1984-04-05 GB GB848408756A patent/GB8408756D0/en active Pending
- 1984-07-30 US US06/636,009 patent/US4578309A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-04-04 GB GB08508858A patent/GB2154900A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-04-05 JP JP60072519A patent/JPS60260673A/en active Pending
- 1985-04-09 EP EP85302475A patent/EP0158535A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3629035A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1971-12-21 | Minoru Kuroda | Method of forming applique designs |
US4042433A (en) * | 1975-07-07 | 1977-08-16 | Compo Industries, Inc. | Appliqueing synthetic resins on sheet material |
GB1572789A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-08-06 | Worth E | Application of motifs to textiles |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990004514A1 (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1990-05-03 | Ted Stahl | Pre-sewn letter and method |
US5009943A (en) * | 1988-10-21 | 1991-04-23 | Stahls' Inc. | Pre-sewn letter and method |
US6030701A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 2000-02-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Melt-flowable materials and method of sealing surfaces |
US6485589B1 (en) | 1993-04-15 | 2002-11-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Melt-flowable materials and method of sealing surfaces |
US7575653B2 (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 2009-08-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Melt-flowable materials and method of sealing surfaces |
US6448339B1 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2002-09-10 | Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Adhesive composition |
US6322866B1 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2001-11-27 | Printmark Industries, Inc. | Appliques for garments and methods of making appliques |
US20100003472A1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | E. S. Originals, Inc. | Luminescent article |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0158535A2 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
JPS60260673A (en) | 1985-12-23 |
GB8408756D0 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
GB2154900A (en) | 1985-09-18 |
EP0158535A3 (en) | 1987-04-01 |
GB8508858D0 (en) | 1985-05-09 |
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LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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Effective date: 19900325 |